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SHROPSHIRE    WORD-BOOK. 


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SHROPSHIRE. 


SHROPSHIEE  WORD-BOOK, 


ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC., 

USED  IN  THE  COUNTY; 


GEORGINA   F.  JACKSON. 


Xonlron: 
TRUBNER  &  CO.,  57  &  59  LUDGATE  HILL- 

SHEEWSBTJEY :   ADNITT  &  NATJNTON. 

CHESTER:    MINSHULL  &  HUGHES. 

1879. 

lAll  Sights  Ttsrrval.} 


"^^nijA  ufdS   i/Zird^/ufe 


--f 


CLAY  AND  TAYLOR,    PttlNTEUS. 


THIS 

SHROPSHIRE    WORD-BOOK 

TO    ONE  OF  SHROPSHIRE  KIN, 

THE    REV.    WALTER   W.    SKEAT,    M.A., 

A   WORTHY    ENGLISH    SCHOLAR, 

AND 

THE  FIRST  PROFESSOR  OF  AX0L0-8AX0S   IN  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CAMBRIDGE. 


CONTENTS. 


PREFACE 


nrrRODucTiox 


TABLE  OF  DISTRICTS 


PHONOLOGY  OF  THE  FOLK-SPEECH    . 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES 


WEIGHTS,   MEASURES,   ETC. 


SPECIMENS  OF  THE  FOLK-SPEECH 


DICTIONARIES  CONSULTED  AND  QUOTED 


CHIEF  AUTHORITIES  QUOTED 


TABLE  OF  ABBREVIATIONS 


GLOSSARY 


PAOK 

ix — xiv 

XV — ^xviii 

xix — XX 

xxi — xxii 

, .    xxiii — ^Ixxxiii 

.     Ixxxiv — xciii 

xciv — xcvi 

xcvii — ^xcviii 

xcix — ciii 

civ 

1 


PEEFACE. 


On  the  publication  of  a  Gloesary  4>f  the  archaic  and  proTindal 
vordfl,  &o.,  in  n8&— or  known  to  haye  been  in  xuse — ^in  Shropshire,  it 
eeemB  incninbent  npon  me  to  famish  some  account  of  the  way  in  which 
the  work  has  been  carried  out,  in  order  to  give  assurance  that  it  has,  to 
the  utmost  of  my  power,  been  done  thoroughly,  and  that  so  £ur  it  may 
be  relied  upon  as  trustworthy. 

In  the  spring  of  1870  I  was  reading  the  Bey.  Isaac  Taylor's  Words 
ajid  Piaees,  when  at  p.  120 1  came  across  two  words — '  tine*  and  'tining ' 
—which  struck  a  key-note  in  my  memory,  calling  up  recollections  of  the 
time  when  in  early  childhood  I  had  lived  in  Shropshire,  '  hi  from  the 
busy  town  * — ^had  heard  the  folk-speech  day  by  day,  and  had  shewn  such 
aptitude  for  'picking  it  up' — ^words,  tones,  and  aU— that  I  had  not 
unfrequently  incurred  the  censure  of  my  parents  for  '  speaking  like  a 
little  Shropshire  village-child.'  It  was  a  great  leap  my  mind  took  from 
now  to  then ;  but  as  clearly  as  if  but  yesterday,  I  heard  that,  in  obedi- 
ence to  some  order  given,  '  John  Boberts  wuz  gwun  56th  'is  brummock 
an'  mittins  to  the  uwer  leasow  to  tine  a  glat  the  ship  'ad  maden.' 

Then  another  and  another  phrase  associated  with  some  incident  of 
the  mxal '  surroundings'  of  my  yoxmg  days  rose  up  before  me,  until  at 
last  I '  made  notes '  of  them.  These  I  shewed  to  a  literary  man  of  my 
acquaintance  whom  I  knew  to  be  interested  in  dialects.  After  considering 
them  for  a  few  minutes,  he  said, 

*  There's  the  foundation  here  of  a  good  Glossary;  why  not  make  one  P ' 

That  was  the  first  idea  of  the  work  In  three  days  from  that  time 
il  was  begun  '  in  right  good  sadness.' 

Word-collecting  was  soon  in  fall  swing.  At  the  outset  of  this  I  was 
often  advised  to  take  the  Glossary  appended  to  Mr.  Haitshome's 

b 


X  PREFACE. 

Balopia  Antiqua  as  the  basis  of  mine;  but  I  had  formed  for  myself  a 
pLvn  of  independent  work,  and  to  that  I  resolved  to  keep. 

Ultimately,  however,  when  my  Glossarial  MSS.  shewed  a  total  of 
more  than  three  thousand  words,  I  collated  my  work  with  that  of  Mr. 
Hartshome,  and  from  the  latter  made  lists  of  words  not  contained  in  mine. 
These  I  endeavoured  to  verify,  and  in  every  case  where  I  was  successful 
in  doing  so  I  included  the  word  in  my  collection,  but  not  otherwise. 

My  Glossary  begun,  I  went  on  steadily  working  in  my  own  way  till 
the  formation  of  the  English  Dialect  Society  in  1873  led  me  to  Cambridge 
to  talk  matters  over  with  Mr.  Skeat.  From  him  I  received  much 
valuable  help  and  counsel. 

Two  of  the  most  important  suggestions  he  made  to  me  were  these— 
to  represent  the  sounds  of  the  words  by  Glossic  symbols,  according  to 
Mr.  A.  J.  Ellis's  method ;  and  to  add  the  localities  where  the  words 
were  heard  or  known  to  be  used. 

I  saw  clearly  that  by  such  an  extension  of  my  scheme  a  largely- 
increased  usefulness  would  be  given  to  my  work  in  a  philological  point 
of  view,  and  I  at  onoe  made  up  my  mind  to  carry  it  out,  though  it 
involved  the  cost  of  going  over  again  in  detail  all  my  previous  three 
years'  work.  I  could  grudge  no  pains  which  should  tend  to  the  more 
worthy  accomplishing  of  that  which  I  had  begun  with  the  set  purpose 
of  giving  to  it  my  best  of  brain  and  heart ;  for  from  the  first  it  was  a 
*  work  and  labour  of  love.'  It  proved  a  most  troublesome  task  to  localize 
words  which  in  many  cases  had  been  contributed  by  friends  who  had 
made  no  notes  of  their  whereabouts,  and  still  more  difficult  was  it  to 
arrive  at  any  trustworthy  rendering  of  their  sounds. 

However,  at  the  end  of  four  more  years  of  patient  work  my  words 
were  aU  fairly-well  assigned  to  their  respective  districts,  and  their 
pronunciation  indicated. 

In  order  to  attain  this  end,  I  had  conceived  the  idea — ^based  upon  a 
general  knowledge  of  the  trend  of  phonetic  variations  in  the  dialect — of 
mapping  out  the  coxmty  into  a  given  number  of  districts,  and  then 
visiting  centres  of  these  arbitrary  divisions  for  the  purpose  of  collating 
my  words,  and  by  'personal  audition'  noting  their  sounds. 

The  plan  worked  weU,  and  led  to  many  valuable  results — ^variation: 
of  form,  phonetic  change,  and  other  like  noteworthy  fiustsi  It  was  my 
wont  on  dialecting  tours,  when  I  had  been  settled  in  head-quarters  for  a 
day  or  two,  and  had  made  friends  with  the  good  folk  there,  to  begin  my 
work  by  having  a  chat  with  the  village  blacksmith  about  his  tools,  the 
implements  he  was  making  or  repairing,  and  so  forth.    Often  on  these 


PREFACE*  Xi 

oocaaioiiB  I  was  met  with  some  such  remark  as,  '  Yo*  seemen  to  know 
sommat  about  'em,  Ma'am.  I  could  shewn  70'  a  noud-fashioned  tool 
Bich  as  I  dax'  say  yo'  never  sid  afore.'  And  then  would  be  brought  out 
of  some  dark  hole  or  comer  an  obsolete  agricultural  implement,  and  all 
its  parts  and  usee  would  be  explained  to  me,  and  measurements  given. 
And  so  I  learnt  all  about  that,  and  picked  up  many  words  and  sounds 
into  the  bargain. 

The  wheelwright  would  then  be  visited,  and  the  terms  of  his  craft 
acquired  in  like  manner.  The  butcher  would  allow  me  to  go  into  his 
•hop  to  see  how  the  great  joints — ^  slenoh,'  '  lift,'  fta— were  cut  for  his 
country  customers.  Some  neighbouring  farmer  and  his  wife  would  be 
pleased  to  shew  me  the  &rm-yard,  the  poultry-yard,  and  the  dairy,  and 
thus  I  learnt  the  lore  they  had  to  teach.  The  school-master  or  nustrees 
would  tell  the  children  'to  gather  posies  and  bring  them  to  school  for 
tiie  lady  ; '  and  then  they  would  allow  me  to  ask  them  by  what  names 
they  knew  the  flowers  they  had  gathered.  I  leamt  most  of  my  plant- 
names  in  this  way,  a  good  many  bird-names  also,  and  other  things 
besides. 

I  visited  the  old  people  in  their  cottages^  and,  leading  them  to  talk  of 
past  times,  would  elicit  many  a  word  now  dead  or  dying  out,  and, 
liftftwTig  it,  would  note  its  sound. 

I  was  often  fortunate  in  interesting  some  intelligent  person  of  the 
peasant^dass  in  my  work,  and  to  such  a  one  I  would  read  over  my  MS. 
word-lists,  which  I  invariably  took  with  me.  The  emendations  of  these 
thus  obtained  were  invaluable.  'That  inna-d-our  word — we. sen 
so-and-BO ; '  or,  '  That'll  do,  nobody  can  mend  that,'  would  bring  out  a 
new  tena  to  be  recorded,  or  would  confirm  the  accuracy  of  my  work. 

I  proceeded  on  this  plan,  with  more  or  less  of  interruption  caused  by 
fragilB  health,  until  the  summer  of  1877,  when  illness  compelled  me  not 
only  to  give  up  a  visit  I  was  about  to  pay  to  the  south-east  part  of  the 
county,  but  also  to  relinquish  all  further  investigations  which  would 
have  involved  fi&tigaing  journeys.  However,  by  methods  such  as  I 
have  described  I  had  accumulated  a  mass  'of  authentic  information ; 
frienda  had  most  kindly  supplemented  my  own  efforts  by  furnishing  me 
with  very  minute  answers  to  the  crucial  teet-questioiis  I  had  framed  in 
order  to  elicit  evidence  upon  doubtfol  points ;  and  I  felt,  that  though  I 
would  gladly  have  done  more  had  strength  been  given  to  me  for  the 
work,  I  had  yet '  done  what  I  could,'  and  that  I  might  fearlessly  leave 
all  that  I  was  unable  to  do^  without  incurring  the  reproach  of  conscience 
within  or  of  critics  without. 

b2 


Xll  PREFACE. 

The  Introductory  Qrammar  faUs  fiir  short  of  my  wuhes,  but,  as  tai 
as  it  goes,  it  wOl,  I  hope,  be  found  usefoL  It  is,  I  think,  the  first 
attempt  of  the  kind  for  the  Shropshire  dialect,  and,  bearing  in  mind 
what  Max  Miiller  says, — 'The  first  gnunmar  of  a  language  is  a 
work  of  infinitely  greater  difficulty  than  any  later  grammar '  ISdenee 
of  Language,  p.  180],  —  I  trust  my  effort  may  make  it  easier  for 
some  one  coming  after  me  to  complete  more  worthily  that  which  I 
haye  begun. 

And  now  I  leaye  my  work  to  speak  for  itself:  its  errors  are  not  those 
of  carelessness,  and  whatever  of  merit  it  possesses  may  fedrly  bo  shared 
with  those  who  hare  with  the  utmost  kindness  and  cordiality  given  me 
their  assLstanoe.  Of  these,  some  have  been  fellow-workers  with  me  from 
the  beginning,  others  later  on ;  but  to  each  and  all  I  owe  a  debt  of 
gratitude  for  the  good  service  they  have  rendered  me  in  my  arduous 
task.  The  Shropshire  Word-Book  could  not  have  been  either  so  copious 
or  so  complete  as  it  is  but  for  these  helpers. 

Chief  amongst  them  are,  taking  them  in  the  order  of  the  districts : — 

lis.  BoBEBT  Eddowbs  Davies,  of  Eingsland,  Shrewsbury,  who  for 
upwards  of  eight  years  of  my  work  has  contributed  largely  to  its  general 
usefiilness.  His  word-lists  have  been  more  especially  for  the  Shbewb* 
BUBY,  WoBTHEX,  and  Glee  Hills  districts. 

Mbs.  Gboves,  of  Qreat  Hanwood,  has  done  most  valuable  work  fbr 
PxTLYEBBATCH  and  WoBTHEN.  The  ohtoleU  words  assigned  to  those 
districts  are  what  she  remembers  her  grandmother,  Hannah  Fletcher, 
using,  who  died  in  1822,  aged  86  years :  the  date  for  their  decay  is  thus 
famished. 

The  Bey.  John  Bubd,  M.A.,  Yicar  of  Chirbury,  has  supplied  some 
words,  &c.,  for  the  Wobthek  district. 

Mb.  Geoboe  Puoh,  of  Wheathill,  near  Wellington,  has  contributed 
a  very  considerable  number  of  words  for  the  Clee  Hills  district,  also 
for  Ludlow,  Bbedoitobth,  &o. 

Mb.  Oybil  Joyoe,  of  Burford,  has  famished  a  copious  Ust  of  words 
from  that  neighbourhood  —  the  extreme  south  of  Salop;  and  Mb. 
Thoicas  MoBaAK-Boxnn),  of  Orleton,  has  given  much  valuable  help  in 
the  LxTDLOW  district  generally. 

Mb.  Hubebt  Smith,  F.B.H.S.,  of  S.  Leonard,  Bridgnorth,  has  in 
various  ways  assisted  me  materially  in  working  up  the  Bbidokobth 
district. 

Mb.  W.  p.  Bbookbs,  F.B.O.S.,  has  done  very  useful  work  in  the 
Mt7CH  Weiylocx  district. 


PREFACE.  Xlll 

Mb.  Bobkbt  Akslow,  of  Welungton,  has  sent  oompiehensiTe  lists 
of  wozds  lor  iihat  distiioty  and  many  words  for  Mttgh  Werlook,  Ac. 

Mb.  Thomas  Pabtok^  F.G.S.,  has  contributed  a  good  deal  of  nseftil 
infarmation  relatiye  to  Colliery  and  Mining  terms. 

Miss  C.  8.  BxTBirEy  of  Edgmond,  has  done  a  great  deal  of  excellent 
work  for  the  Newfobt  district. 

Mb.  a.  J.  MuKBYy  F.S.A.,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  has  sappHed  many 
words  for  the  Coixieby  and  Newfobt  districts. 

Mb.  Bobebt  Gill,  of  Hopton,  Hodnet,  has  giyen  a  long  list  of 
words,  well  exemplified,  for  the  Webc  district. 

The  Bev.  John  Evans,  MA.,  Vicar  of  Whixall,  has  been  of  yery 
great  assistance  to  the  work  with  relation  to  the  northern  part  of  Salop 
generally,  and  more  especially  to  the  districts  of  Newfobt,  Wek,  and 
Whttchuboh. 

The  Bey.  William  Walsham  How,  MA.,  Bector  of  Whittington, 
has  oontribnted  a  list  of  words,  ftc.,  for  the  Oswestby  district. 

Mb.  Askew  Bobebts,  of  Oroeswylan,  both  personally  and  by  means 
of  his  ^Bytgtmet*  colnmns,  has  given  much  help  in  the  Oswestby 
district. 

Three  oontribntors  to  my  work,  who  did  much  to  enrich  its  pages, 
have  passed  away — the  Bev.  J.  L.  Sheffabd,  MA.,  Bector  of  Abdon ; 
the  Bev.  G.  L.  Wasey,  M.A.,  Incumbent  of  Quatford  and  MorviUe ;  and 
Mb.  Jambs  Tubneb,  of  Wellington.  The  Clee  Hnxs,  Bbidonobth, 
Welunqtok,  and  Qojaxeay  districts,  respectively,  owe  a  great  deal  to 
them. 

Mb.  Thomas  Halt. am,  of  Manchester, — an  eminently  good  phonetic 
scholar, — has  from  time  to  time  given  the  Gloisie  symbols  which  indicate 
the  pronunciation  of  the  chief  words  the  benefit  of  his  revision ;  and 
more  than  that^  for  on  submitting  to  him  a  'draft'  which  I  had 
framed  as  the  basis  for  a  synopsis  of  all  the  vowels,  diphthongs  and 
fractures,  of  the  consonants  and  digraphs,  I  had  noted  as  characteristics 
of  the  Shropshire  folk-speech,  he  most  kindly — ^in  conference  with  me — 
went  through  it  in  detail ;  and  bringing  to  my  aid  that  more  perfect 
knowledge  of  general  phonology  which  he  possessed,  but  I  lacked,  he 
enabled  me  to  make  the  tabulated  Ust  of  vowels,  diphthongs,  &c,,  which 
will  be  found  in  the  opening  pages  of  the  Grammar  Outlines— a  list 
that  cannot,  as  I  trust,  fail  to  be  useful. 

The  critical  revision  of  my  proof-sheets,  as  it  is  the  latest  service  in 
order  of  time  that  has  been  rendered  to  me  in  my  arduous  task,  so  it  is 
the  last  to  be  placed  on  tiiis  record  of  grateful  acknowledgments ;  but 


XIT  PREFACE. 

that  it  is  very  iax  from  being  the  least  in  importanoe  will  be  obyious  to 
all  those  who  giye  thought  to  such  matters.  I  owe  it  to  the  good  offices 
of  my  friend,  the  Bey.  W.  W.  Skbat,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Anglo-Saxon 
at  the  TJniTersity  of  Cambridge,  that  this  crowning  work  has  been  done 
with  genuine  interest^  with  soholarly  acumen,  and  kindly  spirit  Here 
I  stop-— the  story  of  the  book  is  told. 

Georgina  F.  Jackson. 

White  Friars,  Chester , 
October,  1878. 


INTKODTJCTION. 


The  scope  of  this  Shropshire  Word-Book  is  to  record — 

1.  Old  Words,  some  more  or  less  modified,  preserred  in  tlie  ootmty 

2.  Words  imported,  as  from  Border  CountieB. 

3.  Idterary  Words  used  in  a  peculiar  sense,  marked  pec, 

4.  laiterary  Words  in  common  use,  spoken  ^th  a  variation  of  the 

receiyed  pronunciation,  marked  var,  pr, 
6.  Words  used  in  a  slangish  way,  marked  «/.? 

6.  Words  which  are  now — or  soon  will  be — slang  terms,  marked  sL 

7.  Some  few  words  apparently  coined  in  certain  localities. 

8.  Frovincial  and  local  names  of  birds,  plants,  &c. 

9.  Words  used  by  Colliers  and  Miners  in  the  Coal-field,  fta 
10.  Certain  Place-names  remarkably  pronounced. 

Each  word  is  assigned  to  the  district  or  districts  in  which  it  is  known 
to  be  used  or,  if  obsolete,  to  haye  been  used ;  but  it  is  not  meant  by 
this  that  it  is  restricted  within  such  boundaries.  AH  that  is  intended 
to  be  conyeyed  is  the/ocf  that  its  range  has  so  tax  been  established. 

The  Table  of  Districts  will  shew — ^as  has  been  explained  in  the 
Preface — that  these  haye  been  arranged  somewhat  arbitrarily;  but 
neyertheleas  great  thought  has  been  giyen  to  them,  with  the  yiew  of 
indicating  by  their  means  the  trend  of  phonetic  change,  dialectic  yaiia- 
tion,  and  so  forth. 

The  topographical  position  of  each  is  determined  on  the  lU/erence 
Map. 

In  some  instancee  words  haye  been  recorded  whose  usage  was 
^ipaiently  limited  to  a  narrower  area  than  that  of  the  DiiMct,  In  such 
eases  the  more  immediate  neighbourhood  is  named  where  they  were 
loond  to  obtain ;  see,  for  example,  Besmotter,  an  old  word,  not — so  far 
as  could  be  ascertained — ^in  use  in  other  localities  lAian  the  one  giyen. 


XVI  INTRODUCTION. 

Where  a  word  is  ascribed  to  several  localities  of  whicH  PulTerbatch 
is  one,  it  may  be  safely  assumed,  as  a  general  role,  that  its  colloquial 
illustration  is  drawn  from  tJuxt  neighbourhood ;  the  same  holds  good  of 
words  recorded  as  commoxL.  The  exceptional  cases  are  few,  but  what 
there  are  can  be  easily  distinguished  by  the  phonetic  structure  of  certain 
words  embodied  in  the  examples,  and  so  allotted  to  their  respective 
localities— the  synopaiB  of  '  vowels^  diphthongs,'  &c.,  affording  the 
key. 

The  literary  citations  which  illustrate  the  text  are  in  the  main  the 
result  of  independent  reading,  but  when  they  are  borrowed  the  source 
from  which  they  haye  been  obtained  is  acknowledged.  When  several 
authors  are  quoted  they  are  for  the  most  part  arranged  in  chronological 
order,  beginning  with  the  oldest ;  always  excepting  such  as  claim  to  be 
*  Salopian,*  which  are  usually  placed  first;  and  the  Dictionary  Quota- 
tions,— these  coming  almost  invariably  last. 

By  reference  to  the  list  of  'Authorities  Quoted'  it  will  be  seen 
which  are  Salopian,  such  being  distingmshed  by  f;  these  possess  a 
peculiar  value  in  connection  with  the  Shropshire  Word-Book  of  this  date, 
for  the  writers  of  the  Salopian  dialect  of  long  ago  have  left  their  impress 
on  the  Standard  English  of  to-day. 

Mr.  Oliphant,  in  his  admirable  work,  Sources  of  Standard  English, 

has  a  good  deal  to  say  on  this  subject,  and  the  gist  of  many  of  his  most 

interesting  remarks  may  not  inaptiy  find  a  place  here.    To  begin,  then, 

as  £Eir  back  as  1220,  the  date  of  the  Ancren  Biwle,  which,  it  is  said,  has, 

more   than   anything  written  outside  the  Danelagh,  influenced  the 

Standard  English.    It  was  a  popular  piece  in  the  Dorsetshire  dialect, 

and  copies  of  it  are  extant  in  other  dialects;  of  these  the  Salopian 

variation  is  the  most  remarkable.    Following  a  critical  comparison  of 

the  differing  forms  of  the  Ancren  Biwle,  Mr.  Oliphant  has  a  note  (p.  124) 

here  given  at  length: — 'In  Salop  [1220],  forms  which  were  used  in 

Lothian  and  Yorkshire  seem  to  have  clashed  with  forms  employed  in 

Gloucestershire  and  Dorset;  something  resembling  the  OrmiUum  was 

the  upshot.    In  each  succeeding  century  Salop  comes  to  the  front.    The 

Wohunge  of  ure  Lauerd  seems  to  have  been  written  here  about  1210 

(Morris's  Old  English  Himxlies,  First  Series,  p.  269).   In  1340,  or  so,  the 

Bomance  of  William  of  PaUme  was  compiled  here.  In  1420  John  Audlay 

wrote  his  poems  in  the  same  dialect  (Percy  Society,  No.  47).    In  1580 

Churchyard  had  not  dropped  all  his  old  Salopian  forma    Baxter,  who 

came  from  Salop,  appeared  about  1650  as  one  of  the  first  heralds  of  tiie 

change  that  was  then  passing  over  Standard  English  prose,  and  that 


nrrRODUCTiON-  xvu 

sobstitatiiig  Dryden's  style  for  that  of  Milton.  Soon  after  1700, 
Farquliar,  in  his  BecruUing  Officer,  giyes  ns  much  of  the  Salopian 
hrogue.  This  intermingling  of  Noithem  and  Southern  forms  in  Salop 
produced  something  not  unlike  Standard  English.' 

*Sir  Ion  Audlay/  the  blind  monk-poet  of  Haughmond,  who  wrote 
his  Terse  in  1426,  *  lived  on  the  border-land  between  Northern  and 
Sonilkfim  Tarieties  of  English  speech,  as  a  few  lines  from  his  poema 
(p.  65}  wHL  shew : 

*  **  And  Tij.  ay^  to  our  lady, 
Fore  9che  is  the  wel  of  al  pit6, 
That  heo  wyl  fore  me  pray.' ' 

*  Thirty  years  later  the  Southern  forms  seem  to  haye  lost  ground  in 
Audlay's  Shire.'  Ludlow  Castle  is  more  closely  linked  with  the  history 
and  Uteratore  of  the  country  than  almost  any  other  spot  in  England. 
*  There  it  was  that  Bichard,  Duke  of  York  [he  held  also  Sandal  in 
Yorkahire],  brought  up  his  children.*  It  was  from  the  'Castill  ot^ 
Lodelowe  the  iij  day  of  June '  [1454]  that '  a  joint  letter  was  written 
to  tiieir  &ther  by  the  future  King  Edward  IV.  and  the  boy  Butland, 
who  soon  after  fell  at  Wakefield.  This  letter  [which  see  in  the  Faaion 
LeUen,  YoL  I.  c.  xi,  ed.  Gairdner]  shews  the  clipped  English  which 
must  haye  been  learnt  in  their  childhood  by  the  York  princes  and 
ihmr  sister ' — ^Margaret — ^who  afterwards  as  Duchess  of  Burgundy  so 
materially  helped  and  influenced  Caxton. 

'  After  1461  these  clipped  inflections  of  Ludlow  (and  Sandal)  must 
haye  become  familiar  to  the  ears  of  the  ladies  and  knights  who  begirt 
K.  Edward  IV.  and  the  Kingmaker  at  the  court  of  London.'  In  1468 
Margaret  was  married  to  Charles  the  Bold,  and  two  years  later  she  was 
in  tiie  Low  Countries,  interesting  herself  in  that  work  of  her  country- 
man Oaxton  which  was  destined  to  fulfil  such  mighty  ends,  but  of  which 
the  more  immediate  effects  were  felt  on  the  Mother  Tongue  of  the  Duchess 
and  the  Printer.  Caxton  worked  under  the  eye  of  Margaret.  His  South- 
ern English  was  not  approyed  by  her ;  she  '  found  defaute '  with  it,  and 
deored  him  '  to  amend  it,'  and  the  book  she  bade  Caxton  go  on  with, — 
the  first  eyer  printed  in  the  English  Tongue, — ^when  it  came  out  in  1471, 
shewed  that  her  own  speech,  fashioned  on  more  Northern  models  in  the 
fiir-away  Shropshire  home  of  her  early  years,  had  been  brought  to  bear 
upon  it :  most  of  the  Kentishman's  Southern  inflections  were  done  away 
with,  and  henceforward  the  triumph  of  the  Midland  English  as  the 
standard  for  the  future  was  assured.  It  had  been  reseryed  to  Caxton 
and  lus  Press  to  bring  this  about 


ZYUl  INTRODUCTION. 

That  Shzopabiia  retains  still  in  her  folk-speech  many  of  the  wordM 
of  the  old  writers  will  be  evident  to  the  readers  of  this  '  Word-Book' ; 
but  the  tounda  of  the  words  have  their  interest  also, — ^their  important 
bearings  on  philology, — ^for,  to  quote  Dr.  Murray,— fTiMorteaJ  /lOro- 
ducUon  to  the  Dialect  of  the  Southern  Countiea  of  Scotland,  p.  90, — 
*  Mr.  Ellis's  enquiry  into  the  history  of  Early  English  pronunciation 
shews  how  much  the  restoration  of  past  stages  of  the  language  is  aided 
by  what  has  been  already  done  for  the  phonology  of  the  existing  dialects ; 
how  much  greater  would  the  aid  haye  been  if  all  the  yarieties  of  pro- 
nunciation in  use  were  faithfully  noted  I ' 

In  accordance  with  these  yiews,  the  phonological  part  of  the  pre- 
SMit  work  has  receiyed  its  due  share  of  careful  consideration.  The 
synopsis  of  sounds  contains  nothing  but  what  has  been  '  proyen,'  and 
may  therefore  be  relied  upon  so  fisir  as  it  goes ; — ^it  does  not  pretend  to 
represent  the  complete  body  of  sounds  heard  in  the  dialect  throughout 
Shropshire,  but  is  giyen  rather  as  a  finger-post  to  indicate  the  way  to 
Ihat  end  than  as  the  end  itself  attained. 

The  Shropshire  folk-speech  proper,  that  is,  when  unaffected  by  the 
impinging  dialects  of  border  counties, — ^notably  those  of  Oheshire  and 
Stafford, — ^is  characterized  in  its  utterance  by  a  rhythmical  cadence  and 
quick,  clipped  pronimciation  yery  difficult  to  attain  by  those  '  not  to  the 
manner  bom.'  This  peculiarity  is  most  noticeable  in  the  utterance  of 
the  women,  whose  speaking  yoices,  without  being  positiyely  shrill,  are 
yet  pitched  in  an  unusually  high  key. 

It  may  be  that  these  qualities  of  the  speech  come  of  a  Welsh  lineage, 
but  it  must  be  left  for  *  Scholars'  to  determine  that  Mr.  A.  J.  Ellis's 
inyestigations  on  the  whole  range  of  dialects  will  tend  to  throw  light  on 
much  that  makes  the  Salopian  yariety  one  of  peculiar  interest  to  the 
Student  of  History  in  Language. 


TABLE  OF  DISTRICTS. 


1.    Shbewsbttrt. 

Albnghton 
GondoTer 
IJptcm  Magna 
Ford 

(a).  Atcbax.    SuMLiOrui. 

Rodington 
Benington 
Wiozeter 

2.     PUI^TBBBATCH. 

Gi.  Hanwood 
Sxnethoote 
Condover 
Snailbeach 

3.     WOBTHEN. 

The  Seyem 
Shelye 
Stiperstones 
Gherbory 

1    CRAYEir  Asms. 

Cardington 
Ombuiy 
Delbury 
WiBtangtow 


(6).  Ghubch  STRETToar.    Bub-dU- 

N. 

^Tfd. 

8. 

Longnor 

N. 

B. 

Acton  8oott 

S. 

W. 

Buflhbnry 

E. 

Batlinghopo 

W. 

N. 

5, 

Bishop's  Castlb  aitd 

Cluk. 

8. 

Norbury 

N. 

E. 

ROnny 

8. 

8ibdon 

E. 

Clan  Forest 

W, 

N. 

8. 

6. 

OoRYE  Dale  AiiD  Ot.kk  FTtlm, 

E. 

Burton 

N. 

W. 

Cleobury  Moituner 

8. 

Billingsley 

E. 

Stanton  Lacey 

W. 

N. 

8. 

(0- 

Lttdlow.     8ub-di9trict. 

£. 

BroTn  field 

w. 

W. 

Oleobury  Mortimer 

E. 

7. 

Bbidokobth. 

N. 

8utton  Maddock 

N. 

8. 

Chehnarsh 

8. 

E. 

Claverley 

B. 

W. 

Upton  Cressett 

W. 

TABLE  OF  DISTRICTS. 


8.     MUOH  Wenlook. 

12. 

Wbm. 

little  Wenlock 

N. 

Edstaston 

N. 

Acton  Bound 

8. 

Hadnall 

8. 

Tiinley 

E. 

Stoke-npon-Tem 

B. 

Acton  BnmeU 

W. 

Middle 

W. 

9.    Wki-linoton. 

w. 

Whiixjuukcu.    Suh'distrid. 

Child's  ErcaU 
Tjeighton 
Kinnersley 
HighEroall 

N. 

8. 

E. 

W. 

Whitchurch 
Frees 
Ightfield 
WhiTall 

N. 

8. 

E. 

W. 

0.      OOLLIEBT. 

TiillmhaU 

Hadley 

Brosdey 

N.B. 
W. 

a 

13. 

Ellesmerk 

Dudleston 
Shrawardine 
Fetton 
West  Felton 

N. 

8. 

E. 

W. 

1.    Nbwpobt, 

14. 

OSWESTBT. 

Market  Drayton 

N. 

St.  Martin 

N. 

RhifFnal 

S. 

Llanymynech 

8. 

Tibberton 

w. 

Whittington 

E. 

PHONOLOGY  OF  THE  POLK-SPBBCH. 


Olonio  STmbols. — ^Theee  will  be  Teiy  easQy  undentood  by  giTing 
a  little  attention  to  the  following  key  to  the  BOnndB  which  they  ropreeqat^ 
the  symbole  being  invariahle.  Tie. : — 

a  abort  as  in  gnat. 

a'  fine  Sonthem  English  a  as  in  ask,  between  a  and  aa. 

aaasinbcMw 

ae  as  in  Froyincial  English  net ;  Fr.  e;  Geim.  A. 

aiasinbott. 

ao  open  Italian  o,  between  o  and  oci, 

aaaain  oa«L 

e  as  in  Soathem  English  mL 

ee  as  in  beet 

ei  asinbtte. 

eo  dose  Fr.  e»  in  peti;  feu. 

en  as  in  Europe. 

V  not  qnite  u\  which  see. 

i  as  in  hntt 

f  as  in  y  final  in  beaat^*  happy;  &a, 

oaainnot. 

oaasincML 

oe  aa  in  open  Fr.  eu  in  yetcf ;  Gtenn.  S, 

oo  as  in  cooL 

uaainmct. 

u'  obscoze  sound  as  in  &tal;  abide;  InnchMn;  Ac.    See  h'« 

^  between  u  and  oo, 

naFr.  a;  Germ.  dL 


XXll  PHONOLOGY  OF  THE  FOLK-SPEECH. 

uo  same  as  bush ;  full ;  &c 

dhaathin  thia. 

th  as  in  thin, 

zh  as  in  azure ;  diyiaion ;  meamre. 

[•]  denotes  accent,  as  [bi'sei'd]  =  beside. 

The  foregoing  is  all  that  is  necessary  for  the  general  reader  to  be 
acquainted  with  in  order  to  make  himself  master  of  the  simple — or 
compromise — Glossic,  which  indicates  with  dose  accuracy  the  pronun- 
ciation of  the  chief  words  throughout  the  Glossary. 

The  more  minute  analysis  which  in  some  cases  is  added,  as  for  ei  =  i 
[a'y ;  aay* ;  ah* ;  ftc],  is  intended  for  those  critical  students  of  phono- 
logy to  whom  Mb.  A.  J.  Ellis's  Univenal  Ohuic  will  not  be  as  '  the 
accents  of  an  unknown  tongue.' 

See  for  extended  examples  of  both  <  Oompromise '  and  '  Analytio ' 
Glossic  the  SpedmeM  of  the  Folh4tpeech  following  Orammar  OuUineBf  fta 


GEAMMAE  OUTLINES. 


The  *  affixed  to  a  word  denotes  that  it  will  be  found  more 
parfcictilarly  explained  or  exemplified  in  the  body  of  the  Glossary. 

OETHOGEAPHY. 

The  Alphabet — How  the  letters  are  said  together  with  ^. 
A  [aa-]  B  [bai-]  C  [sai-]  D  [dai]  E  [ai-] 

F  [aef-]  G  [jee-]  H  [ai-ch]         I   [ei]  J  [jaa-] 

K  [kaa]  L  [el]  M [em-]  N  [en-]  O  [oa-] 

P  [pai-]  Q  [koo-]  R  [aa-r*]  S  [ess-]  T  [tai] 

U  [oo-]  V  [vai-]  W  [dub-1  oo]    X  [ek-s]  Y  [wei-] 

Z  [zod-]  an'  [n'n]  &  empassy  on  ♦  [em-pu*si*on*']. 

Zad  an'  expassy  and  [ek'spu'si'and]  are  heard  about  Wobthen. 

VOWBI^  AKD  DIPHTHONGS. 

A. — 1  =  [a]  in  closed  syllables,  as,  back,  cat,  gnat,  had  [ad*],  that ; 
Com.  Master  [mas*ta'r^],  refined  pronunciation ;  Newport.  See 
below  (6)  and  (7). 

2  =  [a'],  Ann  [a'n-],  dance  [da'n-s],  make  [male],  take  [ta'k*],  Ac 
This  is  the  fine  Shropshire  a,  still  pretty  general,  but  gradually 
passmg  away.    See  further.  Specimens  of  Folk-speeeh. 

3  =  [aa-],  mare  =  mai^  [maaV],  bare  =  bar'  [baa-r^,  rare  =  rar' 
[r'aaT^,  scarce  [skaa-r's],  Ac. ;  Com. 

4  =  [aa-],  father  [f:aa-dhuV],  Cleb  Hills,  Ahdon.  Cf.  A  (7). 
Started  [staaVti'd],  warm  [waa-r'm],  Com. 

5  =  [aa],  want  [waan-t],  ladder  [laadh'u'r'].  Com.  Wash 
[waaah-].  Craven  Arms;  Cleb  Hills.    See  below  (6). 


XXIV  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

6  =:  i  =  [ae],  wash  =  wesh  [waeeh*],  catch  =  ketch  [kaech*], 
Com.  Thatch  =  thetch  [thaech-],  gather  =  gether  [g(yaedhTiY], 
Bee  g  (2)  (consonants)  \  Pulvbrbatch;  Newport.  Grass  =  gress* 
[gr^aes-],  Kbwport  ;  Ellesmerb.  Master  =  mester  [maesiniV], 
Wellington j  Newport ;  Ellesmere.  Make  =  mek  [maek], 
take  =  tek  [taek*],  before  initial  vowels;  Newport.  These 
words  are  sounded  [mai']^  [^^'J*  before  consonants ;  ibid,  CI 
e(9). 

7  =  [ai'],  father  [fai-dhuY],  master  [mai'stu'r*],  water  [wai'tuY], 
Com. 

8  =s  [:Ai*]>  scarce  [sk:ai's],  Com.     See  above  (3). 

9  =  [ai-h*],  sage  =  saage  [sai'h'j],  Church  Stretton.  Ale* 
[ai'h'l],  same  [sai'h'm],  Ludlow,  Burford. 

.  10  =>  [ai],  bacon  [baik'n],  mason  [mais'n],  paper,  &c.;  bake,  name, 
tale,  &c.;  Com. 

11  s=  [an-],  call  [kau],  fall  [fan*],  Newport. 

12  =  [:au'],  a  before  II,  as,  all  [:au*l],  call,  fall ;  Com.  Talking 
[t»u'ki'n].  Com. 

13  =  [a'y],  danger  [da'ynjuY],  Shrewsburt;  Pulverbatch. 

14  =  [:ee*],  lame  preein],  Newport. 

15  =  [ee'h'],  mare  =  meer  [mee'hV],  share  =  sheer  [shee'hV], 
&c.;  Newport. 

16  =  [:ee*h'],  market  [m:ee*h*r'ki't],  Bridgnorth. 

17  =  [o],  bank  =  bonk  [bong'k],  thrash  =  throsh  [thr'osh*],  can 
=  con  [kon*],  &c.;  Com.  Apple  =  opple  [op'l],  Cravejy 
Arms  ;  Clun.     Gather  =  gother  [godhni'r'],  Clun. 

18  =  [o*'],  barrow  =  borrow  [boVu*],  Corve  Dale. 

19  =  [u],  was  (accented)  [wuz-],  was  not  [wun*u'],  Com. 

Ai. — 1  =  [aa-],  fair  =  far  [faaV],  pair  =  par  [paaV],  &c. ;  Com. 

2  =  [aa],  waistcoat  [waas'ku't],  Craven  Arms. 

3  s=  [aa-y],  rain  [r'aa'yn],  lain  [laa-yn],  &c.;  Bishop's  Castle; 
Clun. 

4  =  [:aa7],  rain  [r'laaTn],  lain  [l»a-yn],  &c. ;  Craven  Arms  ; 
Chuboh  Stretton. 

5  =  [aay],  rain  [r'aayn],  lain  paayn],  &c. ;  Shrewsbury  ;  Pul- 
vbrbatch. 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  XXY 

G  =  [ae],  fair  [faer'-],  Clun.    Cf.  ai  (1)  above. 

7  =  [e],  said  [sed*],  Com. 

8  =  [ee],  rain  [r'een-],  drain  [dr'een-],  bait  [beet*],  &c.;  Nkw- 

POBT. 

9  =  [eeh'],  chair  [chee'h'rT,  Com.    Fair  [fee-h'r'],  &c ;  Newport. 
10  =  [i-hl, lain  [rth'n],  diain  [di'ih'n],  Newport. 

Ail— 1  =  [a],  laugh  [laf-].  Com. 

2  =  [o],  laugh  [lof  •],  CoLUEBT ;  Newport.    Naughty  [noti*], 
Newport. 

3  =  [au*],  daughter  [dau'tu'r^,  Com. 

4  =  [aa-],  daughter  [daa*tu'/],  Newport.    Sauce*  [saa's],  Corvs 
.  Dale. 

Aw. — 1  =  [an-],  crawl  [skr'au*!],  Com.  '  Claw  •  [klau*],  Qy.  com. 

2  =  [an*],  gnaw  [nuiu*],  straw  [str'rau'],  Com. 

3  =  [i'an],  caw •  [ki'-au],  Weic 

4  =  [ai-]y  strawberries  [str'ai'brTz],  oheoU.;  Pdlyerbatch.   Claws 
[klai'z].    See  Cleys.* 

5  =  [ee*],  daws*  [kleez*]. 

Ay.— 1  =  [a'y],  May  [ma'y],  pay  [pa'y],  day  [da'y],  &c. ;  Shrews- 
bury; PULVERBATCH. 

2  =  ai  (3)  =  [aay],  day,  &c.;  Bishop's  Castle;  Cluk. 

3  =  ai  (4)  =  [aa^y],  day,  &c;  Craven  Arms;  Church  Stret- 

TOK. 

4  s=  ai  (8)  =  [ee],  day,  &c.;  Newport. 

5  =  [ah-y],  dray  *  [dfah-y],  Church  Strbtton. 

Aye. — 1  =  [ay],  aye  (yes)  [ay],  Shrewsbury;  Pulyerbatch.   Qy. 
com. 
2  =  [ahy  or  ah^],  idem ;  JSiswrov^t. 
B.— 1  =  [e]  in  closed  syllables,  as  bless  [bles*],  peck  [pek*],  get 
[get-],  wench  [wen'sh],  &c.;  Com. 

2  ==  [ee*],  pewit  [pee^wi't],  Pulyerbatch.     Qy.  com.     Cf.  (6) 
below. 

3  =  [tee*],  he  [:ee*],  we  [w:ee'].    See  Personal  Pronouns. 

4  =  [Men"],  there  [dhieen'r^,  where  [wieeTi'r^,  Com. 

5  =  [ai-],  feYer  [fiii'Yu'r^,  secret  [sai'kr^i't],  scheme  [skaim],  &c.; 
Conu 


XXVI  GRAMMAR  OUTUNES. 

6  =  [:«ai],  complete  [ku'mpl:ai-t],  &c.;  Com.  Pewit*  [pau^wi't], 
Shrewsburt.     Me  [m:ai'],  Newport. 

7  =  [aa*],  serve  [saa'tV],  sermon  [saaVmu'n],  certain  [saai'ti'n], 
&c.;  Com.  Yes  [yaas].  Church  Strbtton.  Mere  [maaV], 
Ellesmerb.    Cf.  mere  below  (13). 

8  =  [aay],  yes  [aays],  Church  Stretton,  Leebottoood. 

9  =  [a],  fetch  [fach-],  belly  [ball'].  Com.     Cf.  a  (6). 

10  =  [ae],  berry  [baer'-i'],  remlet*  [r^aem'let],  render*  [r'aen'duY], 
ever  [aevuV],  never  [naevu'r'],  &c;  Com.  Yes  [yaes*],  New- 
port. 

11  =  [i],  shelf  [shilf-],  clever  [klivuV],  seldom  [sildu'm],  &c.; 
Com.     Cf.  i  (6). 

12  =  [i'],  in  ed,  verbal  suffix  pronounced  as  a  distinct  syllable,  as 
in  wanted  [waan'ti'd],  drowned  =  drown'ded  [dr'uwndi'd],  &c  ; 
Com.  Also  in  yes  =  iss  [i'ss*],  very  general  Cf.  yes  above 
(7),  (8),  and  (10). 

13  =  [a'],  in  mere  in  composition  (tmaccented),  as  Ellesmere 
[el'zmu'r'],  Colemere  [kuomuV],  or  more  modem  [koE'lmu'r*], 
&c.;  Com.    Cf.  mere  above  (7) ;  also  o  (24)  (a). 

Ea. — 1  =  [ai'],  tea  [tai*],  cream  [kr'ai'm],  veal  [vai'l],  &c. ;  Com. 
Wheat  [wai*t],  Pulverbatch  (occasionally  heard) ;  Wem.  Cf. 
wheat  below  (15).     Leaf  [lai'f],  Newport. 

2  =  [ai],  beat  [bait],  seat  [sait*],  &c.;  ConL  Bean  [bain*],  Pul- 
verbatch.   Cf.  bean  below  (14). 

3  =  [ai'u'],  wheat  [wai*u*t],  Newport. 

4  =  [aa*],  learn  [laaVn],  bear  [baaV],  &c;  Com.     C£  a  (3). 

5  =  [:ae'],  deal  [j'Ae-1],  dead  [jrae'd],  death  [j»e*th].  Com.  Cf. 
ea  (13)  below ;  also  d  (1). 

6  =  [ae],  cheap  [chacp'],  weak  [waek*],  leaf  [laef],  &c. ;  Shrews- 
bury ;  Pulverbatch.     Qy.  com. 

7  =  [e],  team  [chem*],  Com.  Heath  [yeth*],  Clun  ;  Wem.  Ct 
heath  below  (16). 

8  =  [:ee*h'],  ear  [:eehV],  year, idem,  Qy.  com.  Mean  [m:ee*h'n], 
Ludlow,  Bur/ord.  Bear  [b:ee*hV],  wear  [wiee'hY],  &a  ;  New- 
port.    Cf.  bear  above  (4).    Leaf  [hee'h'fj,  Wem. 

9  =  [:ee*u'],  heard  [:ee*uYd],  Com. 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  XXVll 

10  =  [ee*],  break  [bi'ee*k],  great  [gr'ee't],  Newport. 

11  =  [i],  feather  [fidhniV],  Com.  Measure  [mizhniV],  Com. 
[miznV],  ELLBaMEBB.  Cheap  [chip*],  Kkwfobt.  Gf.  ohei^ 
above  (6). 

12  =  [i'aa-],  beard  ♦  [bi'aaVd],  Pulverbatch.     Qy.  com. 

13  =  [i'ae],  deal  [di'ael*],  dead  [di*aed*],  death  [di'aeth-],  Nbw> 
PORT.    Cf.  ea  (5) ;  also  d  (1). 

14  =  [i'-h'l  bean  [bi'h'n],  leaf  [U'-h'f],  Com.  Stean*  [sti'h'n], 
FuLYSBBATCH.     Cf.  Icaf  above  (6). 

15  =  [ru*],  beast  •  [bi'u'st],  wheat  =  w'eat  [wi'u't],  Com. 

16  =  [r-u*],  beam*  [bi'-u'm].  Qy.  com.  Heath  [yi''u'th].  Church 
Strbtton.    Cf.  heath  above  (7). 

17  =  [i'u],  dead  [di'ud*],  Ludlow,  Burford, 

18  =  [u],  heap  [yup'],  head  [yud*],  ibid. 

19  ==  [ay-],  clear  [klayuV],  SHBSwaBURT;  Pulvbrbatch;  Ellbs- 


Be. — 1  =  [ee*],  eighteen  [a'yt-tee*n],  indeed  [indee'd].  See  Sped- 
mens  of  Folk-apeeeh.  Indeed,  very  emphatic  is  ['in*dee*d],  with 
stress  on  first  syllable.  Com.  Seed  [see'd]  =  seen,  saw;  New- 
port; Wbm;  Whitchurch;  FiIj.brmbrb. 

2  =  [d'],  wheel  [wd'l],  Shrewsbury;  Pulvbrbatch.    Qy.  com. 

3  =  [i],  been  [bin*],  seen  [sin*],  sheep  [ship'],  &c. ;  Com. 

4  =  [i*],  beef  [bi'f],  week  [wi'k],  seed  [si'd*]  =  seen,  saw;  Com. 
C£  seed  above,  ee  (1). 

5  =  [ud'],  thee  [dhiai*],  tree  [tr'iai'],  &c. ;  Newport. 

6  =  [ee'h'],  seen  [see'h'n],  Ludlow^  Burford. 

K. — 1  =  [ai-],  conceit  [ku'nsai't],  Leighton  [lai'tn],  Com.    Either 
[ai'dhnY],  Ludlow  ;  Newport.     Qy.  com. 

2  =  i  =  [aay],  neighbour  [naaybuV]  ;   Shbewsbubt  ;  Pulveb- 
batch. 

3  =  i  =  [aay],  weight   [waayt*],   Shbewsbubt  ;  Pulvbbbatch  ; 
Newpobt.    Height  [aayt-],  Shbewsbubt  ;  Pulvbbbatch. 

4  =  i  =  [a'y],    eighteen    [a*yt"teeTi],    Shbewsbubt;    Pulvbr- 
batch. 

5  =  [ahy],  height  [ah-yt],  either  [ah-ydhu'rQ,  Nbwpobt. 

6  =  [ee*],  neighbour  [nee*buY],  Nbwpobt. 

e2 


XXVIU  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

7  =  [ee'h*],  reina  [r'ee'h'nz],  Newport. 

8  =.[aa-],  heir  [aaT*],  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch. 
Eu  =  [oo],  deuce  (of  cards)  [doos*],  Ludlow. 

Ew. — 1  =  [uw],  ewe  [yuw],  dew*  [dyuw],  Com. 

2  =  [:uu'w],  mew*  [my:uu'w],  few  [fyruu'w],  Com. 

3  =  [uuw],  lewn*  [luuwn*],  obsols, 

4  =  [i':uu'w],  dew  [ji'mu'w],  Pulvbrbatch;  ohsolsA 

6  =  [au-],  chew  [chau*],  Ludlow  ;  Newport.     Qy.  com. 

6  =  [oo-],  brew  [br'oo*].  Qy.  com.  Crew*  [kr'oo'],  Pulveb- 
BATCH ;  Wbm.  Dew  [doo*],  new  [noo*],  Shrewsbury  [soo'zbr'i'], 
see  (11)  below;  Newport,  which  in  the  local  vemacular^  = 
[noo'puYt]. 

7  =  [oe*],  sinew  [sen'oe'],  Pulverbatch. 

8  =  [roe-],  approximately,  in  few  [fi'oe*],  Newport. 

9  =  [u*],  sinew  [sen'u'],  Shrewsburt. 

10  =  [u'r'],  sinew  [sin*uY],  Newport. 

11  =  [oa-],  Shrewsbury  [shr'oa'zbr^i'],  refined;  [sr'oa'zbr'i*],  semi- 
refined;  [soa-zbrY],  Com.  Shrewd  [shr^oa'd],  Worthed;  Cluk; 
[sr'oa'd],  Pulverbatch  ;  Wem. 

Ey.— 1  =  [ai-],  key  [kai-],  Com.     Cleys*  [klai'z]. 
I. — 1  =  [i]  in  closed  syllables,  as  sit,  pig,  window  [windu'],  fright- 
ened [fr'it'nd],  &c.;  Com. 

2  =  [r],  priU  *  [prll-],  ivy  [i'vi'],  pick  [pi'k-],  stick  [sti'k-],  &c. ; 
Com. 

3  =  [a'y],  1  (see  Personal  PronoimB),  tidy  [ta'ydi*],  like 
[la'yk],  &c.  This  is  the  fine  Shropshire  diphthongal  i ;  very 
generaL 

4  =  [a*y],  mice  [ma'ys*],  &c.;  idem, 

5  =  [ahy  or  ah^y]  =  oi,  approximately ;  right  =  roight  [r'ahyt 
or  r'ahyt],  so  also  night,  like,  &c. ;  Newport. 

6  =  [ae],  think  [thaeng'k],  till  [tael*],  arithmetic  [uVaeth'mi'ti'k], 
&c.;  Com.     Cf.  e  (11). 

7  =  [ae-],  girl  [gaeYld],  Com. 

8  =  [e],  since  [sen's],  Com. 

9  =  [:ee-],  right  [r'lee't],  bright  [br'ree't],  night  [niee't],  Wbm  ; 
Whitchurch. 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  ZXIX 

10  =:  \jSS\,  with  \mh'l  win  (vb.)  [551],  &c.;  8.  Shr.  general  See 
Terln. 

11  =  [u\  with  [wudh*],  Wbx;  Ellesmebi.  Muster  [mus'tuV], 
Nbwpobt.  Bun  [bun-]  =  bin  =  been;  bunna  [bun*u']  = 
binna  =  be  not ;  Oswestrt,  Whittington. 

12  :=  [n-],  simh  [suVi'],  Com. 

13  =  [h\  will  (vb.)  [wM-],  Wbm;  Ellbsmerb. 

14  =  [i'-],  hiccough  [i'*ku'p],  Com.     Cf.  gh  (3). 
le. — 1  =  [i],  sieve  [siv],  yield  [il*d],  Com. 

2  =  [i'l  field  [fi'l-d],  behef  [bi'UT],  &c.;  Com. 

(a)  ,y  final  in  magpie  [mag*pi'],  Shbewsburt  ;  Pulverbatcd. 
Qy.  com. 

3  =  [ai-],  belief  [bilai-f],  Newport.  Field  [fai'ld],  sometimes 
heard;  Qnd. 

0. — 1  =  [o]  in  many  closed  syllables,  as  nod  =  not,  mop,  top,  roL, 
&c;  Com. 
(a)        „  rope  [r'op-],  yoke  =  yok  ♦  [yok*].     Qy.  com. 

2  =  [u],  Tom  [tum-],  long  [lun(g],  strong  [str*iin(g],  wrong  [r*an(;,'], 
tongne  [tung'g],  foreign  [fur'-i'n],  &c.;  Com.  Stone  [stun],  in 
composition  and  unaccented,  as  grind-stone  =  grindlestun ;  or 
of  weighty  'five  giun  three,'  &c.;  Newport.  Cf.  o  =  n  in 
zeoeived  English  onion,  and  see  (15),  (16),  (17)  below. 

3  =  [oa'],  bosom  [boa'zu'm],  Com.  Plover  [ploa'vu*r'],  Shrews- 
BDRT.     Stone  [stoa-n],  Newport.     Cf.  stone  below  (26). 

4  =  [:oa'],  lose  [Iroa'z],  no  [n:oa*],  so  [s:oa'],  Com. 

5  =  [oa],  fold  [foad*],  sold  [soad'],  cold  [koad-],  Newport. 

6  =  [oa-h'],  cold  [koa'h'ld],  Pulvbrbatch,  Smetkcote.  Cf.  (21) 
below. 

7  =  [xjan'],  afore  [u'f:oa*uY],  tore  [t-.oani'r^,  porket*  [proa-u'r'- 
kft],  &c. ;  Com. 

8  =  [65],  woman  [65mTi'n].  Qy.  com.  Worsted  [o58'ti'd], 
wool  [o51'],  &C.;  Com.  in  Mid.  and  South  Shr.  Go  [goo],  Com. 
Groing  [gSo-i'n],  Ellesmere. 

9  =  [oo*],  gold  [goo'ld],  Shrewsburt  ;  Pulvbrbatch,  obsoh. 
Story  [stooVi'],  going  [goo*i*n],  Newport. 

10  =  [oo'h'],  more  [moo'hY],  Newport. 


XXX  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

11  =  [»u"],  love  [lau'v],  Com. 

12  =  [au],  morning  [maur**nrn],  &c.;  Com. 

13  =  [a],  wrong  [r'an(g-],PuLVBRBATOH;  Church  Strbtton.  Cf. 
wrong  above  (2) ;  also  ng  (2)  (consonants), 

14  =  [aa],  yonder  [yaan'tuV],  Com. ;  [yaan'duY],  Newport.  See 
th  (4).  Foreign  [faar'-rn],  Church  STRBTTONy  Leehottcood, 
Cf.  foreign  above  (2). 

15  =  [a'y],  onion  [a'yniVn],  Shrewsbury;  Pulvbrbatch. 

16  =  [aay],     „      [aayn'u'n],  Church  Stretton. 

17  =  [ahy],    „      [ahyniVn],  Bridgnorth. 

18  =  [uo],  love  [luov],  Newport.  Cf.  love  above  (11).  Comb 
[kuom],  Com. 

19  =  [uob**],  cord  [kuob'T'd],  Shrewsbury,  Ufflngton.  C£  cord 
below  (23). 

20  =  [uu],  for  =  fur  [fuur'],  thorn  [thuur'n],  Com. 

21  =  [ou*]  =  [:uu*w]  when  followed  by  Id,  the  1  being  suppressed, 
as  fold  {sb.)  [fruu'wd],  sold  [siuu'wd],  very  general.  Gold 
[gtua-wd],  Wellington;  Newport.  Qy.  com.  Cf.  fold  (5) 
and  gold  (9)  above. 

22  =  [ou-]  =  [uw],  hold  [uwt],  old  [uwd],  fold  {vK)  [fuwd], 
cold  pcuw'd],  &c.;  Shrewsbury;  Pulvbrbatch.    Qy.  com. 

23  =  [uu],  cord  [kwuur*'d].  Church  Stretton  ;  Clun.  Cord- 
wood    [kwuur'd  55d],   Pulvbrbatch;   Cleb    Hills;   Bbido- 

NORTH. 

24  =  [u'],  so  [su'],  to  [ttt'],  and  sometimes  go  [gu'],  when  unem- 
phasized ;  Newport.     CL  go  (8)  above. 

(a)  „  in  more  in  composition  (unaccented),  as  Blakemore  = 
Bleakmur  [blee'kmuY],  Whitmore  [wit-muY],  &c. ;  Newport. 
Cf.  e  (13). 

25  =  [i**],  going  [gwi'-i*n],  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulvbrbatch. 

26  =  [oe],  gone  [gwoen*],  bone  [bwoen-],  stone  [stwoen*],  Com. 
Oa. — 1  =  [oa],  loaf  [loaf*],  soap  [soap*],  &c;  Com.    Eoad  [r'oad*], 

Shrewsbury. 

2  =  [oa-h'J,  road  [r'oa-h'd],  Ludlow,  Burford, 

3  =  [i-u'],  road  [r'd-u'd],  load  [li-u'd],  Wem.     Qy.  com. 

4  =  [uoh'],  board  [buo'hYd],  Shrewsbury.    Qy.  com. 


QRAUKAR  OUTLINKS.  XXXI 

5  =5  [uo'-h*],  boaid  Qrao'hVd],  Whitchuboh- 

6  =»  pS-k*],  oatB  [S^hVs],  (nuib  •  [o5-h'n-£],  Pulvibbatch. 

7  =  [u],  oak  [wok-],  oatk  [wuih*],  SHBEwaBUBT ;  Pulveb- 
BATCH.     Qy.   com.     Oats  [wat-s],   Com.     See  w  (3)    (eon- 

8  =  [n«i"],  board  =  bwoid  [bwmuVd],  Pulvebbatch.  Cf.  (4) 
and  (5)  above. 

(a)        „        hoar  =  ur  [wmuV],  a  *wur  fros'j'  Shbswbbubt; 

PULYXBBATOH. 

9  =  [ao-],  road  [r'ao'd],  load  [lao'd],  &c ;  Nbwpobt. 
06l — 1  =  [an*]  in  hoe ;  Com. 

2  =s  on  =  [niu'w]  in  hoe ;  Bishop's  Castlb  ;  Cldk. 
5  =  [oa*]  in  hoe ;  Nbwfobt. 
QL — 1  =  i  =  [ei]  =  [a'y],  loin  =  line  ♦  pa'yn],  join  =  jine  • 
[ja'yn-],  spoil  [spa'yl],  &c.;  Shbbwbbubt;  Pulvebbatch;  very 
geneiaL     Coin  [kwa'yn],  Pulvebbatch  ;  obeA 

2  =  [a'y],  oiled  [a'yld],  ibid.  Boil  [bwa'yl],  Pulvebbatch. 
CI  i  (3)  and  (4). 

3  =  [ahy],  spoil  [spahyl],  &c.;  Newfobt. 

4  =  [a' 7],  spoil*  [spwa'-yl],  Bishop's  Castle;  Cluw. 

Oo. — 1  =  [00],  spoon  [spoon-],  moon  [modn*],  room  [r'SiJm-],  took 
[t55k-]y  &c.;  ConL 

2  =  [00],  goose  [goos'],  gooseberries  [gooz'br'i'z].  Cf.  s  (1).  Shook 
[shcok*],  took  [took'],  empTu     See  below  (7).    Newport. 

3  =  [:oo"],  good  [g:oo*d],  coop*  [kioo-p],  Shbbwsbubt;  Pui/- 
vbbbatgh.     Qy.  com. 

4  =  [oo-n'],  door  [doom'/],  floor  [floo-u'r*],  Newpobt.  Cf.  (8) 
below. 

5  =  [oo'h'],  moon  [moo'h'n],  Ludlow,  Bur/ord, 

6  =  [no],  cooty*  rkiioti*],  Pulvebbatch.  Coother*  [knodh-n'r'], 
Clb  Hills.     Tooth  [tnoth-],  Newpobt. 

7  :=  [n],  foot  [fut'],  soot  [sut-],  tooth  [tuth*],  brook  [br'uk],  roof 
[/of*],  &c, ;  Com.  Took  [tok'],  shook  [shok*],  UTiemph,  Cf.  (2) 
above.    Newpobt. 

8  =  [nn],  floor  =  flnr  [flnur'],  door  =  dur  [dnnr'-],  Com.  Cf. 
(4)  abovSL 


XXXU  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

9  =  [:oa-],  choose  [chroa'z],  shook  [sh:oa'k],  Com*     Cf.  O  (4), 

10  =  [oa*],  coop*  [koa'p-],  Bishop's  Castlb;  Clun.     Ct  coop 
above  (3). 

11  =  [i'oo],  fool  [fi'ool-],  pool  [pi'ool-],  school  [ski'ool-],  Newpobt. 

12  =  [ue],  book  [buck*],  nook  [nuek*],  Whitcihurch,  TiUtock, 

13  =  [i'ue],  school  [ski'uel],  Whttchubch. 

14  =  p'],    Woodward    (proper   name)   =  Withart    [wi'dhTiVt], 
Whitohxtroh,  Whixall.    Cf.  d  (5). 

Ou. — 1  =  [ou]  =  [uw],  house  [uwss*],  mouse   [muwsa-],  Shkkws- 

BURY  ;  PULVBRBATCH.      Qy.  COHL 

2  =  [ou-]  =  [uw],  housen  (for  houses)  [uwzn],  proud  [pr'uwd], 
ibid.  See  further,  Specimens  of  Polk-speeoh.  Shoulder 
[shuwduY],  Shbewsburt.  This  does  not  seem  to  be  the 
normal  pronunciation.     Cf.  shoulder  below  (14). 

3  =  [uwu''],  our  [uwuV],  an  hour  [u'  nuwu'V].  See  Specimens 
of  Polk-speecL  Pour  (vb,,  as  of  rain  that  has  fallen)  [puwu' V]. 
Cf.  pour  below  (10). 

4  =  [ou]  =  [uuw],  bought  [buuwt*],  thought  [thuuwt*],  coarse, 
rough  speakers ;  Newport. 

5  =  [ou-]  =  [uuw],  shoulder  [shuuwduY  or  shuuwlduY],  Nbw- 
poRT.    Cf.  shoulder  below  (9). 

6  =  [ou-]  =  [:uu-w],  slough  (morass)  [8l:uu*w],  through 
[thr^:uu-w],  Pulverbatoh. 

7  =  [oo'],  shoulder  [shoo-duY],  Church  Strbtton.  Sough* 
(vb,)  [soo-],  Clun  ;  Wekl 

8  =  [85],  pouch  ♦  [pSSch-].  Qy.  com.  Would  [55d-].  See 
Verbs. 

9  =  [oa-],  trough  (for  kneading)  [tr'oa-],  Pulybrbatoh,  obsols. 
Shoulder  [shoa-du'r^,  Shrewsbury. 

\  10  =  [:oaTi*],  your  [y:oa-uV],  Com.    Pour  {vb.,  as  of  rain  coming 
down)  [pioam'r^,  Shrewbburt.   Qy.  com.    Cf.  pour  above  (3). 

11  =  [au],   bought  [baut-],  thought   [thaut-],   &c, ;    Com.      See 
Specimens  of  Folk-speech,  No.  2. 

12  =  [o],  tough  [tof-],  Com.    Trough  [tr'of-],  occasionally  heard. 
Bought  [hot-],  thought  [thot-],  Newport.    Cf.  (11)  above. 

13  =  [:uo],  tough  [tiuof],  trough  [tr'iuof],  Newport. 


ORAMMAB  OUTLINES.  XXXIU 

14  =  [no-],  shoulder  [shuo'dhu'r^,  Shrewsbubt  ;  Pulvebbatch. 
Cf.  shoidder  above  (2). 

15  =  [no],  couch  [kaoch-],  coulter  [knotmY],  &c. ;  ConL 

16  =  [u],  bound  [bim-d],  found  [fun-d],  pound  [pun^d],  trough 
[tr'uf •],  &c. ;  Com.  Should  [shud*],  would  [wud-],  Newport. 
en  would  aboTe  (8).     Slough  (skin  of  a  snake)  [sluf],  PuL- 

YSBBATCH.      Qj.  COUL      SoUgh  *  {sb.)  [suf -f],  CoUL 

17  =  [ti],  cooiant  *  [kiir'an-t],  could  [kiid],  Pultbbbatch.  See 
Yerbfl. 

18  =  [n*],  cough  in  composition  and  unaccented,  as  chin-cough 
[chin-ku'f].  Com.     Courant*  [kuYan-t],  Cleb  Hills. 

19  =  [ue]  in  words  ending  in  ous,  as  curious  [ki'ooVruez],  &c  ; 
WoBTHEN ;  Clee  Hills,  Abdon. 

Ow. — 1  =  [o*'J  hewl  (basin)  [boa*l],  mow  (vh,)  [moa*],  &c. ;  Com. 

2  =  [ou-]  =  [uw],   bowl  (a  hoop)  [buwl],  bowl  (vK)  [idem], 
mow*  (sh.)  [muw],  bow  (for  arrows)  [buw],  Com. 

3  =  [ou*]  =  [mu-w],  mow  (vh.)  [mmuw],  Bishop's  Castle;  Clun. 

4  =  [ou]  =  [uuw],  howl  {yuuwi],  Com. 

5  =  [i'uuw"],  cow  [ki'uuw],  Whitchubch. 

6  =  [oe],    cullow*    [kuol'oe],   killow*  [kil'oe],  &c, ;    Pulveb- 
batch, ohscls.     Burrow  [buVoe],  ibid. 

7  =  [u'],  leasow  [lezn'],   meadow  [maedii*],  window  [wi'n'du'], 
&C. ;  Com. 

8  =  [uY],  leasow  [lezniY],  &c. ;  Newport. 

Oy. — 1    =   [any],   boy    [bw»uy],    Shbewbbubt  ;    Pultebbatch  ; 

v. — ^1  =  [u]  in  most  closed  syllables,  as  nut,  tub,  but,  &c. ;  thus, 
butcher  =  [buch'uY],  put  [put*],  full  [ful*],  bull  [bul*],  &c. ; 
Com.     Pull  [pul-],  Nbwpobt.     Cf.  pull  below  (8). 

2  =  [eu-]  =  [yoo-],  use  (vh.)  [yoo'z],  Com. 

3  ^  [en*]  =  [y:oo-].  Union  (work-house)  [yiooniVn],  &c. ;  Com. 
Utick*  [yioo-tiTc],  Shbewsbxiby;  Newport.  Qy.  com. 
Humoursome*  [yioomuVsu'm],  Pulvebbatch;  Nbwpobt;  Weic; 
Ellesmebb. 

4  =  [eu]  =  [yoo],  use  {sb.)  [yoos*],  usened*  (we  used)  [yooe-nt], 
Ellbbmebe  ;  [yoos'tn],  idem  ;  Newpobt. 


ZXXir  GRAMMAR  OXTTLINIS. 

5  =  [ae],  urine  [aei'i'n],  Com. 

6  =  [eu-]  7=  [i'oo-],  music  [mi'oo'ri'k],  fury  [fi'ooVrj,  &c ;  Com. 
Musey*  [mi'oo'zi'],  WerrcHUBOH.  Puke*  [pi'oo'k],  Pulvkb- 
batch;  WoBTHBir.  Muse*  [mi'ocss],  PuLysBBATOH.  Qy. 
com.  Cornute*  [kaur'iiroo't],  Pulvbbbatoh.  Curious 
[ki'ooyi'uez],  Wobthen;  Cleb  Hills,  Abdon.    CL  on  (19). 

7  =  [eu'l  =  [i'loo*],  curate  [kf  rooVi't],  fuel  [fi*:ooil],  &c. ;  Com. 
Musicisner  •  [mi'oo-jd'8h*'u'nu'r'],  Pulvbrbatch  ;  Weil 

8  =  [oo*],  pull  [poo'l],  tune  [choon],  supple  [soo'pl],  dubious 
[joo'bu's],  Ac. ;  Com.  Duke  [doo'k],  music  [moo'zi'k],  curious 
[koo'rTu's],  &c ;  Newport.    Cf.  ow  (6). 

9  =  [:oo']  after  r :  cruel  [kr'iood'l],  gruel  [gr'roo'i'l],  &a  ;  Com. 

10  =  [oo],  Sukie   (proper  name)   [shook'i'],  tube  [choob*],  &a ; 
Com. 

11  =  [:ooh*]  before  re  in  sure  [shroo-hV],  Shbewbbubt ;  Pulvbr- 
batch.    Qy.  com.    Cure  [k:oo-h'r'],  Kbwpobt. 

12  =  [i':oo'u']  before  re  in  cure  [ki':oo"uY].     Qy.  com. 

(a)  =  [u']  „     „  in  nature  [nai*tuy],  creature  [kr'ai-tuY], 

feature  [fai'chuY],  &c. ;  Com. 

13  =  [i']  in  fortune  [faur'ii'n],  Com. 

14  =  [ou*]  =  [uw]  in  cucumber  [kuwku'mbu'r^,  Com. 

15=  [65]  in  cucumber  [kuwkoSm'-uV],  Shrewsbubt;  Pulvbr- 
batch. 

16  =  [uo],  duck  [duok'],  shut  [shuot*],  just  [juost],  &c. ;  New- 
POBT.     Cullow  ♦  [kuol'oe],  Pulvebbatch,  obsols.    Cf.  OW  (6). 

17  =  [iio],  pun*  [puon*],  Com. 

18  =  [ii],  nuchid*  [ntikh-i*d],  Pulvebbatch;  Wobthen;  nearly 
obs.    CI  eh  (3). 

19  =  [uu]  before  r  in  fur  [fuur*-],  bur*  [buur**],  ui'chin*  [uur'*chi'n], 
turf  [tuur*-f],  &c;  Com. 

20  =  [ae],    chuck    [chaek],   shut*   [shaet],  just   [jaest*],  sludge 
[slaej*],  burying  (funeral)  [baer^'i'n],  Com.     Cf.  (16)  above. 

21  ==  [ae*],  bury*  [baeVi*],  Ludlow,  Burford;  Newport. 

22  =  [i],  pulpit  [pil*pi*^]»  pl^inib  [plim*],  Com. 

23  =  [o],  in  composition  with  n,  as  ontidy,  onlucky,  &c.     Qy.  com. 
in  8.  Shr. 


GRAMMAR  OtTTUNES.  JLXZT 

Ve. — 1  =  [oo],  fine  [floo],  blue  [bloo],  due  [doo],  Tueadaj  [tooz'di*  or 
chooz-di'],  &C.;  Shbewsbubt;  Pulysbbatoh;  Niwfobt.  Qy. 
com. 

2  =  [»o*],  trne  [tr'roo*],  glue  [gl:oo-],  &c. ;  xhid, 

3  =  [i*],  aigae  [aaVgi'],  Com. 

4  =  [i'oo],  aigue  ♦  [aai'-gi'oo],  Wbm. 

Ui — 1  =  [oo],  juice  [joos*],  Shbbwsbubt;  Pultxbbatcb.  Qy. 
com. 

2  =  [oo*],  nuisance  [noo'su'ns],  ibid. 

3  =  \yaQ'\  fruit  [fr*:©©*!],  ibid. 

4  =  [il,  build  [bi'l-d],  gmlty  [gil-ti*],  QM. 

Uy. — 1  =  [a'y],  buy  [ba'y] ;  Shbbwbbubt  ;  Pulvekbatoh«     Qy. 

com. 
T. — 1  =  [i],  bymn  [im*],  hyssop  [iru'p],  syllable  [sin-n'bl],  &c ; 

Shrewsbubt  ;  Pulvebbatch.     Qy.  com. 

2  =  [ae],  syrup  [saei^Ti'p],  pyramid  [paer'Ti'mi'd],  (bid, 

3  =  [u],  sycamore  [sulfu'moa-liV],  Shbewsbubt;  Pultbbbatch; 
Cbaven  Abm&     Qy.  com.     Syringe  [sul'i'nj],  Pulvebbatch. 

4  =  [uu],  myrtle  [muur^'tl].     Qy.  com. 

5  =  [a'y],  when  final  and  accented,  as  by  [ba'y],  my  [ma'y], 
why  [wa'y],  &c. ;  Shbewsbubt  ;  Pulybbbatch.     Qy.  com. 

6  =  [ahy  or  ah*y]  =  oi  approximately,  as  by  [bahy  or  bahy], 
my  [mahy  or  mahy],  &c;  Nbwpobt;  but  these  words  are 
rarely  emphatic  there. 

7  =  [i*],  when  final  and  unaccented,  as  in  tidy  [ta'ydi*],  ready 
[r^edi*],  &c.;  pig-sty  [pigsti*],  my  [mi'],  why  [wi'],  &c.  Com. 
Cf.  ie  (2)  (a),  (wwfifo,  ^c). 

CONSONANTS  AND  DIGRAPHS,  ETC. 

B. — 1  =  Py  as  paiher*  =  bather*  =  batter;  Elusmebb.  Cf.  p,  below. 
C. — 1  =  E :  twice  =  twize  [twa'yz],  &c. ;  Com.     Face  [fai-z],  very 

general 
2  =  g  in  carrots  =  garrits  [garTts],  canoty  =  garrity  [garY ti'], 

Pulybbbatch.     C£  g  (3)  below. 
Ql — 1.  This  digraph  ==  sh  in  bench  [ben'sh],  drench  [dr'en'sh], 

wench  ♦  [wen'sh],  &c. ;  Com. 


XXXVl  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

2  =  ky  in  perch  (measurements  of  land,  &c.)y  [paer''k],!  Clbb 
HiLi^  ;  Ludlow.     Muchin  ♦  (a  pig)  [muti'n],  Wbm. 

3  =  [kh],  a  guttural  spiraut,  in  muchin  [makh'i'n],  Clun  :  and 
in  nuchid*  [niikhi'd],  a  nearly  obsolete  word,  meaning  ill- 
nourished  ;  PULVERBATCH  ;  WORTHBN,      Cf.  gh  (6). 

CI.— 1  =  [kl]  not  [tl]. 

D. — 1  =  j,  in  deal  [j:ae-l],  dead  [jiae'd],  death  [jiae'th],  Com.     Cf. 
ea(13).    Darn  [jaaVn],  dew  =  je*ow  [ji':uu*w],  PuiiVBRBATOH. 
See  ew  (4)  (vowelsy  ^c). 
2  =  t  when  final  after  ar,   as  custard    [kus'tu'r't],   backward 

[bak'uYt],  awkward  [auk'uYt],  &c. ;  Com.     Cf.  t  (1). 
3 — is  often  omitted  at  the  end  of  syllables  and  monosyllabic 
words  as,  landlord   [lan'lu'r't],  Com. ;   [lan-luYt  or  lon-luYt], 
Newport;  and  [u'n],  Com.;  find  [fei'n]  =  [fa'yn],  lend  [len*], 
send  [sen-],  &c. ;  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulvbrbatoh.     Qy,  com. 
4 — is  sometimes  added  to  the  end  of  words,  as  girl  =  girld 
[gae'-rld],  wine  =  winde  [wa'ynd],  gown  [gou'nd]  =  [guwnd], 
Shrewsbury;    Pulverbatch;    believed  to    be   general    with 
varying  diphthongal  sounds. 
6  =  th  =  [dh],  Edward  =  Yethart  [yaedh'u'r't].  Woodward 
[wi'dh'uYt],  Whitchurch,  Wkixall.     Cf.  th  (5)  below. 
Dd  =  th  =  [dh],  ladder  =  lather  [laadh'uY],  edder  (for  adder) 

=  ether  [aedhniV],  Com. 
F. — 1 — is  usually  omitted  in  of,  which  =  o'. 

2  =  th  in  frock  [thr'ok*],  from  [throm*]  ein^jh.,  [thr'u'm*]  unemph. 
Qy.  com. 

3  =  V  in  feerings  •  =  veerings  [vee*h*r*i*nz],  Clee  Hills.  Cf. 
V  (2)  below. 

0. — 1 — as  in  received  English  generally. 

2 — ^is  palatal  in  some  words  =  [g(y],  as  get  [g(yet],  gether  (for 

gather)  [g(yaedh-u'r'],  &c.;  Pulverbatch.     Qy.  com. 
3  =  c  in  Goldfinch  =  Coldfinch ;  Whitchurch.    Cf.  c  (2)  above. 
ng  is  the  gutturo-nasaL 

1  =  n :  that  is,  nasal  [n]  is  substituted  for  nasal  [ng].  This  usage 
is  very  extensive,  more  especially  in  words  and  syllables  ending 
in  -iug. 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  XXXVU 

(a)  Verbal  nouns,  as]  huntmg  =  hontin'   [iin*ii'n],  ranning*  = 

TOimm*  [r'uni'n],  &c. ;  ConL 
(ft)  Participles  wherever  occurring,  as  getting  =  gettin*  [g(yeti'n], 

am  coming  pcnmi'nj^  &c. ;  Com. 
{e)  kingdom  ==  kin'dom  [kin'du'm],  Com.     Nothing  [nuthi'n], 

anything   [aeni'thi'n],    Com.     Nothing   [naothi'n],  anything 

[ani'thi'n],  Newport.     Cf.  (4)  below. 

(d)  In  place-names^  ending  in  -ton,  as  Wellington  :=  Wellington 
[wael'intu'n],  Donnington  =  Donnin'ton  [donintu'n],  Lopping- 
ton  =  Loppin'ton  [lop'intu'n],  &c.  This  is  a  refinement  npon 
the  pronimciation  of  place-names  as  given  helow  (6). 

(e)  In  length  =  lenth  [len-th],  strength  =  strenth  [sti^enih]. 
Com. 

2  =  [n(g].  Some  words,  chiefly  monosyllabic  adjectives,  ending 
in  ng,  have  the  gnttoro-nasal  sonnded  weak,  as  long  ^  limg 
[lnn(g],  wrong  =  wrung  or  wrang  [r'un(g  or  r*an(g],  strong  = 
strong  [8tr'un(g],  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverr&tch.     Qy.  com. 

3  =  [ug(gf  i^]-  ^  many  words  where  ng  is  sounded  [(g]  or  [g] 
is  added,  making : — 

(a)  [ng(g]  where  the  words  are  final  or  followed  by  some  conson- 
ants, as  sing  [8ing(g],  ring  [r'ing(g],  &c.  Eing  the  bell  [r^U]g(g 
dhu'  bel'],  &c.     Qy.  com. 

{h)  [ngg],  (a)  in  the  middle  of  words  between  two  vowels,  as 
singer  [sing"gu'r^,  ringing  [r'ing-gi'n],  &c.     Com. 

(c)  at  the  end  of  words  in  sentences  where  the  following  word 
begins  with  a  vowel,  or  h  (always  mute),  as  bring  it  [br'ing'g  i't], 
bring  her  [br'ing-g  u'r],  sing  a  song  [sing'g  u'  8ong(g],  &c.;  Com, 

4  =  [ngk],  thong  =  thunk  [thung'k],  Wem.  Nothing  [nuth'- 
ingk],  anything  [aeni'thingk  or  ani'thingk],  something  [sum*- 
thingk],  an  affected  vulgar  pronunciation  adopted  by  servant 
girls,  of  town-life  more  especially.     Cf.  (1)  (c)  above. 

5  =  [nj]  in  some  proper  names  ending  in  Aam,  as  BeUingham  = 
Bellii^jam  [bel'inju'm],  &g.     Qy.  com. 

usually  omitted  in  place-names  ending  in  ton,  as  Wellington 
=  Welli'ton  [waeM'tn],  Donnington  =  Dunni'ton  [don-i'tn], 
Loppington  =  Loppi'ton  [lop'i'tn],  &c.     Cf.  (1)  (i)  above. 


XXXVIU  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

6L — 1 — This  digraph  =  k  in  sigh  =  sike ;  ♦  Com. 

2  =  f  in  cough,  dough,  enough,*  slough  (of  a  snake),  sough  ♦  (sb.) 
tough,  trough  (for  pigs) ;  Com.     See  on  {vowelsy  ^c). 

3  =  p  in  hiccough  [i'*ku'p],  Com. 

4— is  silent  in  sough*  {vb,)^  Clun;  Wbm;  in  slough  (a  miry 
place),  PuLVERBATCH ;  in  trough  =  [tr'oa*],  a  kneading  vessel ; 

PULVBRBATOH. 

5 — ^is  a  weak  gnttural  spirant  =  [(kh],  in  quaigh  *  [kwai(kh-],  a 
word  on  the  verge  of  obsolete,  meaning  as  a  verb  '  to  bend ; '  as 
a  noun,  a  wooden  vessel  of  *  bend  ware ' ;  Cobvs  Dalb.  The 
only  instance  in  which  this  sound  of  gh  has  been  noted.  Cf. 
ch  (3). 

GI  =  [gl]  not  [dl]. 

H. — 1 — It  is  recorded  by  Bp.  Percy,  in  a  note  to  an  interesting 
MS.  collection  of  Bridgnorth  Words — ^now  in  the  possession  of 
Mr.  Hubert  Smith  of  Bridgnorth — that  ^  the  Bridgnorth  Dialect 
was  [1774]  distinguished  by  an  almost  universal  misapplication 
of  the  aspirate  H — ^applying  it  when  it  should  not  be,  and 
omitting  it  when  it  should.' 

The  Eev.  Charles  Henry  Hartshome  speaks  [1841]  to  the 
same  effect  with  reference  to  the  county  at  large. — ScUopia 
Antigua,  p.  453. 

At  the  present  time  [1878]  concurrent  testimony  goes  to  prove 
that  H  aspirate  is  never  heard  in  the  folk-speech  of  Shropshire : 
it  is  only  misapplied  by  half-educated-— or  would  be  fine- 
speakers.  People  of  this  type  always  try  to  talk  their  best  to 
^the  paas\'  and  hence  perhaps  has  arisen  the  dicta  of  the 
Authorities  above  quoted  upon  the  use  and  abuse  of  *  poor  letter 
H  *  in  Salop. 
2  =  y :  head  =  [yed*  or  yaed*],  hair  =  yar  [yaaT],  howl  = 
yowl  [yuuw-l],  &c.;  Com.  Heath  =  yeth  [yeth  or  yaeth], 
Wbm  ;  Ellbsmerb  ;  [yi'-u'th],  Chuboh  Stbetton.  Heron  = 
yam  [yaaVn],  Whitohuboh,  TiUtock, 

J. — as  in  received  English.    Ci  d  (1)  above. 

TL — 1 — is  usually  pure  [k],  but  when  palatal  is  heard  in  some 
words  =  [ki'],   kype*  [kiVyp],    kibe*   [kiVyb],    kimet* 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  XXXIX 

[kiVymi't],    Pclverbatgh.      Kerlock    Od'aeVlu'k],   Craven 
Arms;  Ludlow. 
2 — is  dropt  in  make  and  take  j  Ck>LUERT ;  Newport.    See  a  (6), 
(vowels^  ^c)  ;  also  in  taken  =  ta'en ;  Com. 

L — 1 — 18  silent  in  -aid  and  old,  as  scald  =  scand  [skaud'],  bald 
[baud'],  scold  =  scoud  [skuwd  or  skniu-wd],  &c.;  Com.  See 
0  (6)  (21)  (22),  {vowels,  ^c). 
2 — is  silent  in  -alt,  -anlt  and  -olt,  as  salt  =  sent  [saut-  or  san-t], 
&Qlt  =2  fant  [&ut*  or  faa*t],  bolt  =  bout  [baw*t  or  b:au*wt]y 
&C.;  Com.     Alaoinolp:  holp*  [oa^)],  bolpen*  [oa-pn]. 

silent  in  al  (1)  as  a  prefix  in  Almighty  =  A'mighty,  oZreadj 
=s  a'ready,  almost  =  aamust,  altogether  =  aatogether,  Al- 
biighton  (place-name)  =  Aibnrton  [ai'bnVtn  and  au'buYtn], 
&C. ;  Com.     (2)  in  fidse  =  fatise  [fau'ss],  Com. 

silent  when  medial  in  some  place-names,  as  Cnlmington  = 
Cnmmiton  [knmi'tn],  Calvington  [kay-intu'n  or  koyi'tn].    See 
ng  above,  (1)  (d),  also  (6).  Colemeie  =  Coomer  [knomnV],  &c, ; 
Com. ;  also  in  only  =  on'y ;  Com. 
5  =  n :  in  homily  ♦  =  hominy  [omm'ni'],  Pulverbatch. 

LL — 1 — ^is  silent  in  all  =  [an*],  call,  and  fall ;  call  =  callen  (pl.\  = 
cann  pcann],  fiedlen  (p.p.)  =  fann  [faun],  Newport.  These 
instances  of  eeUl  and  faU  are  somewhat  exceptional  and  extreme, 
though  they  do  obtain.  '  Whatten  [what  don]  they  eo*  ye  I ' 
bnt '  Whatten  they  ectU  'im  1 '  and  faun  is  less  nsual  than  felFn, 
TE's  /dTn  down.'  All  =  [an*],  Whitchurch.  Stalled*  = 
Btaud  [stan*d],  Newport;  Wbm;  Whitohttrch.  Gallon  = 
gann*  [gaun],  Pulverbatoh. 
2  s=  n,  in  syllable  *  [sinn'M],  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch.  Qy. 
eom.  lilleshall  (place-name)  =  Linsel,  obsols.  CI  1  (5) 
above. 

K — 08  in  received  English. 

V. — 1 — ^fi&Us  away  from  an  and  is  prefixed  to  the  initial  vowel  of 
the  following  word : — a  narrand  =  an  arrand,  a  nauf  :=  an 
aof  ,*  &c    See  an  {adjectives  of  numeration), 

'This  letter'  (N),  says  Sir  Frederic  Madden,  'by  a  species 
of  prosthesis  is  often  taken  firom  the  end  of  an  article  or 


xl  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

pronoun  and  prefixed  to  the  substantive  which  follows. 
Examples  of  this  occur  in  a  noynement  for  an  oyiiemerUy  my 
notheTy  for  myn  other.  .  .  .  The  practice  existed  in  familiar 
writing  so  late  as  the  reign  of  Q.  Elizabeth,  and  perhaps  later 
stilL'— See  '  Glossarial  Index '  to  William  of  Paleme,  p.  291,  ed. 
Skeat 

2 — ^is  generally  dropt  in  the  prepositions  in  and  on,  as  *t*  the 
cubbert,'  '  o'  the  shilf ; '   Com» 
P. —  =  b :  as  pat  =  bat  * ;  Ludlow.     Poke  =  boke  ♦ ;  Shrews- 
bury ;  Wem  ;  Whitchurch.     Cf.  b  above. 
Q  =  [kw],  as  in  received  English. 

S. — 1  =  [r*]  is,  as  a  general  rule,  distinctly  sounded,  except  in  a 
very  few  words  in  which  it  is  entirely  omitted.  See  (4)  below. 
It  is  somewhat  strongly  trilled  in  the  middle  of  words.  Its 
quality  is  similar  to  that  of  the  Welsh  B. 

2 — ^preceded  by  i  is  transposed  in  one  word,  thirsty  =  thrusty ; 
Ludlow. 

3 — preceded  by  u  is  transposed  in  a  few  words,  as  curds  =  cruds,* 
scurf  =  scruf;  Com.  Bursten  =  brusten;  WBLLmaTON.  Also 
before  e  in  pretty  =  perty ;  very  generaL 

4 — ^is  omitted  in  Shrewsbury  [soo-zbr*!*  or  soa-zbr'i'].  See  ew  (6) 
and  (11)  (votoels,  ^c).  Parson  [paasn],  scarce  [skais*].  Ct  a 
(3)  (vowehy  ^c).  Swarth  (of  grass)  [swath*],  worth  [wuth*], 
curse  [kus*],  nurse  [nus*],  purse  [pus*],  worse  [vnis*],  very 
general;  but  the  r  is  usually  sounded  in  nurse,  purse, 
parson;  Newport.  Girth  [guth-],  gorse  [gos*],  I^bwport; 
Ellesmere. 

6  =  1,  in  syringe  =  sullinge  [sulTnzh],  and  in  rather  =  lather 
[laa'dhuY],  ohaols.;  Pulverbatch.  Rather  =  lother  [lodh'u'r], 
ohsoU,;  Whitchurch,  WhixalL  *! 

8. — 1  =  z  in  goose,  when  this  word  is  used  either  adjectively  or 
in  composition,  as  goose  oil  =  go6ze  ile  [gSSz'a'yi],  Com» 
[gooz-ahyl],  Newport.     Gooseberries  [gooz'brTz],  ibicL 

2  =  ah:  (1)  before  u,  as  suit  [shoot*],  suet  [shooi't],  &c;  Com. 
(2)  before  ea  =  6,  in  seam  [shum-],  Pulverbatch,  obs, ;  [shem], 
Cleb  Hills. 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  xli 

ffli  =  8  befoie  r,  as  shrink  [sr'ing'k],  shrab  [sr'ab*],  &c;   Com. 

Shrewsbniy  [sr'oa'zbr^i].     See  ew  (11)  (vowelf,  ^c). 
8p  is  transposed  in  wasp  =  wops ;  *  Newport.     This  may  be  rather 

the  O.E.  word  retained,  toops  =  wagp,  by  Metathesis. 
8s  =  th  =  [dh]  in  scissors  =  scithors  [sidh'aVz],  Com. 
T. — 1  =  d :  in  not  =  nod,  what  =  whad  [wod'],  partner  =  pardner 

[paaVdnuV],  very  general,  but  the  permutation  of  t  to  d  does 

not  obtain  in  the  district  of  Newport.     Cf.    adland*  and 

adianti*  also  d  (2)  aboye» 
2  =  ch  in  team  =  chem  [chem*],  tone  [choo*n],  Tuesday  [chooz'di*], 

Com.     See  ue  (1)  (vowels^  ^c). 
3 — is  dropt  at  the  end  of  some  past  tenses,  as  felt  =  f el',  kept  =s 

kep',  &C.;  Com.     See  Strong  (and  other)  verbs.    Also  in 

other  instances,  as  ficost  =  fros',  &c. ;  Com.  See  Voims  (plurals 

in  es  and  s).     Cf.  d  (3). 
TlL— 1  =  O.E.  J)  =  [th],  and  «  =  [dh]. 

2  =  f  in  thistle  =  fissle  [fis'l],  Worthbn  ;  Church  Stbetton  ; 
Cluk  ;  Clee  Hilu9. 

3  =  d  in  farther  =  furder  [fuur^'duY],   farthest   =  f^irdest 
[fuur^'du'st],  Ludlow.     Cf.  d  (5)  above. 

4  =  t  in  fifth  =  fift,  sixth  =  sixt,  twelfth  =  twelft.    See 
A^jeotives  of  Humeration  (ordinals). 

Tl  =  [kl]  in  some  words  ending  in  ttle,  as,  brittle  [br^iki],  little 
[lik'l],  rattle  [r'ak'l],  very  general,  but  not  known  about  New- 
port. 
v.— 1 — ^is  omitted  in  over  =  o'er;  Com.  Give  (imperative)  =  gi'e ; 
very  general    See  Indefinite  Pronouns  (some  =  ever,  &c). 
2  =  f  in  vetches  =  fetches  ♦  [fechi'z],  Pulvbrbatch.     Victual 
=  fittle  [fifl],  CoRVB  Dale.     Cf.  f  (3)  above. 
W. — 1 — IB  omitted  in  ward  when  a  last  syllable,  as  backward  = 
hack'arl^  awkward  =  awk'art,  &c.,  and  in  always  =  al'ays ;  Com. 
2 — ^is  omitted  when  initial  before  its  cognate  vowel  sound,  as, 
woman  =  88man,  wood  =  5M,  worsted  =  Seated,  &c ;  Com- 
mon throughout  Mid.  and  South  Shr. 
3 — is  added  initially  to  some  words  before  o  and  n  sounds,  as,  hot 

=  whot  [wot'],  oak  =  wuk  [wuk*],  oath  ==  wuth  [wuth'],  oat- 

d 


Xlii  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

meal  =  wutmil  [wut'mil],  &c. ;  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulvebbatch. 
Qy.  com.  in  Mid,  and  Sovth  Shr.  See  oa  (7)  {voutelSy  ^e.), 
4 — ^is  inserted  after  some  initial  consonants,  as,  bone  =  bwun 
[bwoen*],  stone  =  stwim  [stwoen*],  gone  =  gwnn  [gwoen*],  &c ; 
very  general  Boy  =  bwoy  [bw:auy],  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulver- 
BATCH ;  obaoh.  Boil  =  bwile  [bwa*yl],  Pulvbrbatch.  Post 
=  pwust  [pwiis*t],  Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch.  Qy.  conu 
in  8.  Shr.  Coin*  =  quine  [kwa'yn*],  Pulverbatch,  oh8.% 
Cord  =  querd  pkwiii'*d],  Church  Strbtton;  Clun.  See 
Oordwood.* 
X. — 1 — ^As  in  received  English ;  Com. 

2  =  ksh  in  axe  [ak'sh],  '  a  coaling  aksh  ;*  *  Lublow. 

T. — 1 — ^When  initial  is  frequently  dropt  before  the  cognate  vowel 

sounds  66  and   i,  as,  yield  =  ild,  yes  =  iss,  yesterday  = 

isterd'y,  yet  =  yit  =  it ;  Com. 

2 — is  sometimes  sounded  initially  before  K  and  a  sounds,  as, 

Edward  ♦  =  Tedart,  &c. ;  Com.  Ale  =  yale  [yael*].  See  Ale.* 

3  =  th  =  [dh]  in  yonder  =  thander  [dhaan'duV],  Clun,  Hereford 
Border. 

in  received  English. 


ETYMOLOGY. 

NOUNS. 

Pliuralfl  in  6n  and  n. — Examples  of  these  endings  are  not  numer- 
ous, but  such  as  exist  are  for  the  most  part  of  everyday  use  in  the 
localities  where  they  respectively  obtain,  as  childeren,*  childem  *  (a 
double  plural),  peasen,*  rotten,  neesen,  housen,  eyen,  flen,  shoon,  &c 

All  known  instances  of  these  usages  will  be  found  in  the  body 
of  the  Glossary. 

Plurals  in  6S  and  s. — Nouns  of  the  singular  number  ending  in 
st  mostly  change  the  t  to  s  and  add  68  to  make  the  plural ;  as,  crusty 
crusses;  fist,  fisses;  post,  posses:  in  the  Newport  district  they 
sometimes  reduplicate  this  plural,  and  say  crusses-es,  &c. 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  xliil 

Instances  occur  where  the  t  is  merely  dropt  to  form  the  plural ; 
aSy  beast,  beas,  &c. 

Plural  in  er. — Only  one  instance  known,  viz.  childer.* 

Plurals  formed  by  Vowel-change. — The  known  examples  corre- 
spond to  the  literary  English  forms,  thus — ^mon,  men ;  ooman,  women 
[wi'm'i'n],  tuth,  tith;  fut,  fit;  gSSse,  or  gus,  gis;  mouse,  mice; 
loose,  lice. 

Tooth,  taith;  fut,  fait;  goose,  gaise;  obtain  in  the  Newport 
district. 

Constant  plurals,  &c — Many  nouns  have  no  singular  form,  as, 
aigles,  afterings,  cruds,  drippings,  fleetings,  grains,  &c.,  &c. 

Some  noims  are  tieated  as  plural  without  a  plural  sign,  as,  broth, 
browis ;  &c.,  &c. :  of  which  it  is  said,  '  they  bin  good,'  or  *  saut,'  or 
what  not. 

Nouns  whose  signification  is  that  of  a  genuine  plura],  while  the 
form  is  distinctly  singular,  are  represented  by  e«9  =  ashes. 

Nouns  of  time,  weight,  measure,  or  number,  when  used  col- 
lectively  or  with  a  numeral  expressive  of  plurality,  remain  for  the 
most  part  unchanged ;  as,  three  'ear,  six  wik,  ten  pund,  five  strike, 
two  couple,  &c.,  &a 

Some  nouns  are  used  in  the  singolar  form  only,  as,  battin, 
thrave,  fowl,  vittle,  &c. 

PossessiYe  Case. — ^When  place-names  are  compounded  of  two 
words,  the  first — ^being  a  proper  noun — ^is  generally  put  into  the  pos- 
seesive  case;  as  Wenlock's  Edge,  Hayton's  Bent,  Bieton's  Heath, 
Exford's  Oreen,  &c.,  &c. 

CoIleetiYe  nouns,  expressive  of  large  quantities,  are — ^mort,  vast, 
djel,  dyel  =  deal,  power,  sight,  &c. ;  the  last  three  are  of  common 
usaga 

Nouns  compounded  with  ful  in  literary  English,  have  in  numerous 
instances  the  suffix  tie  or  le  =  fdl ;  as,  appam^^  *  =  apron-/t£Z, 
caatle*  =  caxL-fid;  and  so  with  hncketle,  pocke^Z^,  han/^,*  &c.  : 
most  of  these  will  be  found  in  the  body  of  the  Glossary.  In  the 
Newport  district  ful  is  fl:  bucket^/ — sometimes  bucke/Ze — can/*/, 
ban/*//  but  not  cBxUle,  hantle. 


Xliv  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

ADJECTIVES. 

Acyeotives  of  Quality. — Besides  those  that  obtain  in  literary 
English — ^whether  simple  or  derivative — with  suffixes  such  as  /iJ, 
'fied,  'ishf  -le,  -less,  -some^  -ouSf  -y :  there  are  many  others  of  both 
classes  which  form  an  exceptional  category,  including  old  forms  and 
remarkable  words ;  as,  bisson,  brief,  burrow,  curst,  dark,  ebb,  erne, 
gain,  linnow,  nesh,  oval,  thone,  unkit,  long/u/,  succourfuZ,  maisteri/iee?, 
ivf\&i\fiedf  c&dish,  brickZe,  ayeuless,  darksome,  light9077Z«,  iempeTsome, 
lungeotM,  miYitvLouSy  temptuoutf,  broody,  fdme^,  &c.,  &c — these  and 
more  of  like  kind  will  be  found  in  the  body  of  the  Glossary. 

Degrees  of  Comparison  are,  as  in  received  English,  formed 
regularly  by  or  and  est,  but  double  comparisons  are  frequent,  as 
more  beautifuller,  most  innocentest ;  examples  of  this  are  met  with 
ID  the  earlier  writers,  as — *  moste  elennest  flesch  of  bryddes,'  Piers 
PZ.,  Text  B.,  pass.  xiv.  L  43 ;  '  the  most  tinkindest  cut  of  all,'  Julius 
CcBsar,  ILL  il  L  187 ;  *  more  better  than  Prospero,*  Tempest,  L  ii  19 ; 
*more  corrupter  ends,'  K,  Lear,  IL  ii  108;  *most  straitest  sect,' 
Acts  xxvi  5. 

The  Superlative  Absolute  is  formed  by  adverbial  prefixes,  such 
as  mighty,  right,  despert,  oncommon,  &&,  &c. 

It  is  also  expressed  by  similes — *  as  hard  as  brazil '  ♦ — than  which 
notlung  can  be  harder, — as  *  sour  as  vargis/  '  as  linnow  *  as  a  glove,' 
&c,  &C.,  ad  infinitum. 

Than  after  the  oomparative  degpree  is  expressed  by  nor  in  the 
southern  part  of  Shropshire,  and  by  till  on  the  K  and  N.E  borders 
of  the  coimty :  t^n  =  till  is  also  used  in  some  localities. 

Good 

Bad 

Much 

Many 

Little 

^  Bettermore  [baet'or'mur']  obtains  in  the  Newport  district 

^ '  Where  love  is  great,  the  littlest  doubts  are  fear.' 

2  Hamlet,  III  iL  181. 


IRRBOULAR  OOMPARISONS. 

better  +  more* 

better  +  most 

worse  +  er 

worst  +  est 

more  +  er 

most  +  est 

little  +  er 

Uttle  +  est  s 

GRAMMAR  OUTLINES^  xlv 

Oreat  is  used  idiomatically  to  express  intimacy,  familiarity  = 
'thick' — a  slang  term. 

Intensitiyes  such  as  'ancient  owd/  'teeny  little/  are  often 
employed. 

DISTINGUISHING  ADJEOTIVEa 

A,  an  [the  Indefinite  Article].    See  definite  numerals  (one). 
The  [the  Definite  Article].    See  demonstratiYe  prenonna 

ADJBCTIYBS  OF  NUMERATION. 

Definite  nnmerals  are  the  received  Cardinal  and  Ordinal 
numherSy  with  certain  varieties  of  usage. 

One  [wun*],  Com. ;  [won*],  K  and  K.K  borders  of  Salop. 

An  [the  Indefinite  Article]  =  one  =  A.S.  an,  is  invariably  heard 
as  a,  the  n  falling  off  alike  before  vowels  and  consonants,  or  other- 
wise prefixed  to  the  following  word :  a  egg  ;  a  naur  =  an  hour.  See 
n  (consonants), 

Two  =  both;  Com.  *  I  t55k  it  i' my  firo 'onds ; '  'Itwnzaffill 
wik  afore  'e  conld  stond  on  'is  itoo  fit^    See  both  below. 

The  numerals  21,  22,  31,  32,  and  other  like,  are  counted  one 
and  twenty,  two  and  thirty,  and  so  on,  as  a  common  and  general 
usage.  In  money  this  is  invariably  the  rule  for  sums  under  forty 
shillings — *8ix  an*  thirty  shOlin'  for  a  pig,'  not  one  pound  sixteen ; 
the  term  pound  being  reserved  till  the  denomination  amounts  to  two 
or  more,  when  it  is  '  two  pund,'  '  three  pun'  ten,'  Ac.  In  some 
localities — as,  for  instance,  Shrewsbury,  Worthen,  Pulverbatch,  and 
Burford — 19,  29,  39,  and  so  on,  are  expressed  by  twenty  sd  one, 
thirty  sa*  one,  forty  sa*  one,  &&  :  a  method  of  numeration  limited  to 
the  number  next  below  the  multiples  of  ten ;  obsols. 

In  counting  at  cards — 

One  is  '  the  odd  un.' 

Two      „      deuce  [doos*]. 

Three    „      trey  [tr'ai*]. 

Nine     „      'rough  nine.'    Ludlow. 

Seore  =  20  is  generally  employed  as  a  reckoning  of  age — '  four 
scare  istcrd'y.'    C£  Pa  xc.  10. 


Xlvi  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

It  is  also  used  in  counting  sheep,  as  for  sale— *  Them  ship  bin 
too  thick  o'  the  groun' ;  I'll  diaw  a  couple  o'  score  [=  40]  to  sen'  to 
the  far  nex'  wik.' 

Sheep  are  counted  in  the  field  bj  couples. 

The  DistributlYes  —  'one  by  one/  as  of  persons  walking  in 
Indian  file ;  *  two  by  two,'  as  of  two  abreast ;  *  two  apiece '  =  two 
to  each  one,  '  two  at  once '  =  two  at  a  tima 

Multiplicatives  are  double,  two-double,*  treble. 

Both.— The  usual  form  of  this  is  the  both— 'I'll  tak'  the  hoih: 
Cf.  Fr.  tom-les-deux.    See  Demonatrative  Pronouns  {the). 

Both  =  the  two, — '  I  canna-d-affbrd  the  two  ; '  Com. 

Both  =:  the  pair  on  'em,  when  speaking  of  persons  or  animate 
objects ;  Com.     See  two  (adjectives  of  numeration). 

The  Ordinals  exhibit  few  peculiarities : — 

First  is  pronounced  by  children  at  play  as  firsses  [fur'si'z]  ;  '  me 
firsses;'  Shrewsbury. 

Second  [eek-u'nt],  Com. ;  [si'k'u'nt],  Newport. 

Pifl  ♦  ==  fifth  =  A.S.  fi/ia. 

Sixt*  =  sixth  =  A.S.  sizta. 

Twelft  =  twelfth  =  A.S.  twelf.     Shrswsburt;  Pulverbatch. 

The  tone  =  the  one ;  Newport,  but  rare.  The  tether  =  the 
other;  Com.  ^Second  has  replaced  the  O.E.  other  =  one  of  two ; 
thset  ftn  =  the  first ;  thsst  other  =  the  second.  In  M.£.  these 
became  (1)  that  oon  and  that  other,  (2)  the  tone  (toon,  tone) 
and  the  tother.'  See  Dr.  Morris's  Historical  English  Grammar, 
p.  99. 

Indefinite  Humerala. — All  =  whole  =  entire ;  as  all  the  lot 
on  'em  =  the  entire  number.  All  the  village  was  out  =  the  whole 
of  the  inhabitants. 

Many. — Large  indefinite  numbers  are  expressed  by  a  power,  a 
sight,*  a  deal  [dyel  or  djel],  scores,  &c. ;  Com. 

Pew.* — A  good  /(W/7,  a  tidy  good  feic  =  a  considerable  number,  a 
concourse  of  people ;  a  *  good  tuthree. '  [tuth'r'i']  =  two  or  three,  a 
*  tidy  tuthree,'  a  much  smaller  assemblage.  These  terms  are  also  used 
to  denote  quantities,  as  of  apples,  &c. 

Practions  of  Quantity  are  'afe  [auf,  Newport]  =  half,  quarter, 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  xlvii 

part ;  asy  a  'o/e  pund,  ^afe  a  pund,  quarter  of  a  pund,  &c.  Part  is 
the  fiactioiial  quantity  mostlj  in  use — 'jpart  of  a  glass '  of  beer ; 
'  beet  part '  =  the  laigest  portion,  two  parts  =  half,  three  parts  = 
three  fourths,  as  three  jxit^  of  a  glass  of  beer ;  but  three  ^rfo,  as  of 
an  apple  cut  into  quarters,  would  be  three  several  parts. 

PERSONAL  PRONOUNS. 

[Shbewsbubt;  Pulyebbatch.] 

Singular.  Plural. 

1.  I  1.  We 

2.  Thee  2.  Yo' 

3.  A,*  'e  (masc,) ;  'er  (fern.)         3.  A,*  they 

StTigular. 

1.  [a'y]  emph,  [V]  unempk. 

2.  [dh:ee-]  „  .   •         [dhu*]    „ 

3.  [aa]        „  ~  [u'] 

„    [:ee*J       „  UJ         i» 

Plural. 

1.  [w:ee-]    „  [wi*]      „ 

2.  [y:oa']    „  [yu*]      „ 

3.  [dhai*]  ,y  [dhae-]  „ 

[JNbwport.] 
Singular.  PluraL 

1.  I^  1.  We 

2.  Thou,  thee*  2.  Yo' 

3.  'E  (mase.)j  'er  (fern.)  3.  They 

^  [ah'].  *  Thou  and  thee  are  alike  pronounced  as  Fr.  le,  me,  te, 
&c.  [dhu*],  but  emphatic  thee  is  [dhai*]. 

Oeneral  Observations. — 'Em*  =  them;  Com.  It  represents 
an  old  f  omu 

The  accusative  'er  is  invariably  employed  for  the  nominative  she. 

The  substitution  of  the  nominative  we  for  the  accusative  us  is 
general  in  the  southern  part  of  Shropshire;  Worthen;  Cbaven 
Arms;  Bishop's  Castle;  Clun;  Cobve  Dalb;  Cleb  Hills.  'It's 
mighty  bad  for  toe  ; '  '  Miss  Nellie's  bnngin'  we  some  vittlo.' 


Xlviii  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 


He  and  him  ^  =  it,  which  is  used  only  in  an  abstract  sense ; 
Bishop's  Castle;  Clun;  Clee  Hills. 

*  The  Maister  gid  me  this  piece  o'  garden  instead  o'  the  other,  an' 
I  mucked  Hm  well/  said  John  Nicholas,  of  Clun  Hospital  [1875]. 

'This  spittle's  a  mighty  good  un'^ — 'e  shoots  me  right  well.' 
(Ahdon,)  • 

Me  =  I,  him  =  he,  them  =  they,  ate  commonly  used,  ^'/mand 
me  wenten — *  tJiem  as  said  it,'  &c. 

^  See  Db.  Mobbis's  Historical  English  Accidence,  p.  120. 

REFLEXIVE  PRONOUNS. 

[Shrewsbubt  ;  Pulvebbatoh.] 

Singular,  Plural. 

Myself  [mi'saeli]  Ouraelyes  [uwu'r'sael'vz] 


Yoreselves  [yu'r'saelTz] 


Theeself  [dhi'sael-f] 
Yoieself  [yu'r'sael'fl 
'Isself  [izsael-f],  not  com.  Thaiselyes  [dhaai^sael-'Tz] 

'Imself  [imsael'f]  Themadyes  [dhaemsaeWz],  not 

com. 

[Newpobt.] 

Mysen  [mi'saen*]  Oursens  [ — ^t  saen-z] 

Thysen  [dhi'saen*]  Teisens  [yaefsaen'z] 

Yersen  [yaer^sen*] 

'Issen  [izsaen*]  Theirsens  [dhaei^saen'z] 

Bel  =  sen  is  also  occasionally  heard — ^mysel,  &c. 

ADJECTIVE  PRONOUNS. 

[Shbewbbubt;   PuLyEBBATCn.] 

Singular.  Hural. 

My  [ma'y •]  empK,  [mi*]  unemph.  Our  [uwu' V] 

1  Yore  8  [y  :oa  -hY] 

'Is  [iz-],  'er  [ur^,  its  »  [ifs]  Thar  [dhaaV] 


ORAMMAB  OUTLINES.  xUx 

[Nbwpobt.] 

Singular.  FluraL 

My  [mahy]  Our 

Thy  [dhahy]  Ter  [yaer*-] 

•Ib  [iz'l  'er  [up^,  its  *  Tbeir  [dhaer^  •] 

^  Thy  ifl  not  used. 

'  Its,  thoagh  occasionally  heard,  as  when  addressing  a  very  young 
child, — ^ihufl,  *  come  an'  warm  its  fitties,'  or  '  little  toeties,'  is  usually 
represented  by  on  it^  as  well  in  speaking  of  the  smaller  animals  as 
of  inanimate  objects ;  the  track,  hole,  or  marks  on  it  ==.  its  track, 
hole,  or  marks ;  the  legs  <m  it  (chair,  table,  &c),  not  its  1^8» 

•  Tore  =  A.S.  e6wer. 

^  See  note  (2)  above. 

absolute  possessives. 

[Shbewsbubt;  Pdlvebbatch.] 

Singviar,  FlvraU 

Mine  [ma'yn.]  Ours  [uwuVz] 

1  Yores  [y:oa"hYz] 

Is  [iz-J  'ers  [ur'z-]  Thais  [dhaa-r'z] 

[Xbwpobt.] 

Mine  [mah*yn]  Oum 

Thine  [dhahyn]  Youm  [yoo'hYn] 

'Isn  [izTi],  'ersn  [ur'z-n],  'em  Theim  [dhaer'n] 
[ur'n-] 

I  Thine  is  not  used. 

DBMONSTRATIVE   PB0N0UNS« 

The  [dhu'],  Com. ;  [dh'],  Newport,  before  vowels,  not  before 
eonsonantsL 

The  is  used  before  the  names  of  months  and  seasons  when 
speaking  of  any  particular  circumstance  connected  with  the  time, — 
as,  *  I  wuz  theer  i'  t?ie  June ; '  "E  died  i'  the  Christmas.'  Also  before 
the  adyerb  first,  as,  'It's  a  pity  as  'e  adna  done  it  at  t?ie  first ;^  BJid- 


1  GRAMICAR  OUTLINES. 

the  Ordinal!,  first,  second,  third,  &c  :  as,  'Tom  come  in  the  second 
an'  Jack  th^  third.*  It  is  likewise  prefixed  to  both  and  its  equiva- 
lents.    See  both  {adjectives  of  numeration). 

This  [dhi's*],  that  [dhat*],  have  the  emphatic  form  this  'ere  and 
that  there.    Gf.  Fr.  ce^i,  ce-la. 

These  [dhee'z],  them  =  those,  have  the  emphatic  forms  these 
'ere,  them  theer.    Cf.  Fr.  ceux^i,  ceux-la. 

They  =  those ;  Cobye  Dale.  'Thej  pasen'  [dhai*  pai'zu'n]  = 
those  peas.  They  is  occasionally  found  in  Tudor  English  [1485 — 
1600]  as  the  plural  of  the.  See  Db.  Morris's  Historical  English 
Orammar,  p.  115. 

Such  [si'ch'].    Com. 

Tanter  [yaan'tur*]  =  yonder ;  Com. 

Tander  [yaau'dur*]  =     „        Nbwport. 

Thander  [dhaan-dur']  =  „        Clun,  Hereford  Border, 

RELATIVE   PRONOUNS. 

As  *  =  who,  which,  that ;  Com. 

That  ==  who ;  Com.     '  A  girl  that  can  milk.' 

Whad*  [wod-]  =  what     See  t  (1)  (consonants). 

INTERROGATIVE   PRONOUNS. 

Who  [:oa'], Com.;  [oo-u'j,  Shrewsbury;  Pulvbrbatch.  Qy.com, 
Whosen  =  whose.     *  Wliosen  housen  bin  'em  ? '  Gorve  Dale. 
Which  [wi'ch-].    Whad. ; 

INDEFINITE  PBONOUNS. 

Each  =  everyone ;  '  everyone  took  one '  :=  each  took  one.  Cf. 
Spenser's  F.  Q.,  Bk.  I.  c.  ii.  s.  viiL    See  Distributives  {two  apiece). 

Some;  any  =  e'er-a  [aenr'n'],  refined  usage,  ever-a*  [aevu'r*u'] ; 
the  negative — ^not  any,  is  ne'er-a  [naeVu'],  with  the  corresponding 
refined  never-a  [naevu'r'u'] ;  Com. 

Enough  [u'nuf-],  sing,  anew*  [u'nuw],  anew*  [u'noo-],  jpZ.  The 
distinctive  use  of  the  plural  form  is  now  [1877]  dying  out;  and 
anow^ — anew  ==  enough,  sing,  are  not  unfrequently  heard.  See  Dr. 
Morris's  Historical  English  Accidence,  p.  147. 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  11 

Either  =  e*er-im  [aoT'on],  which  has  two  degrees  of  refined 
usage,  (1)  d'er4H>ne  [aeyu'wun],  and  (2)  ever-a-o&e*  [aevuVu'- 
wnn];  Com. 

Veither  =  ne'er-un  [naeVun]  has  its  corresponding  degrees, 
ne'er-a-one  and  nsfver-arone ;  Com. 

Else  =  or ;  '  'Er  said  as  'er'd  mind  the  child  awilde  I  wuz  out 
else  [=  or]  I  oodna-d-a  lef  the  'ouse ; '  Com. 

Snmmat  [samTi't]  =  somewhat  =  something ;  Com.  Something 
has  in  a  great  measure  repkced  somewhat.  This  [latter]  usage  is  as 
early  as  the  thirteenth  century.  See  Da  Morris's  Historical 
English  Grammar,  p.  123. 

VERBS. 

Verbal  Inflexions. — ^Personal  endings  in  the  plural  are  formed 
regularly  by  en  or  n.  A  few  examples  of  this  usage  are  to  be  found 
in  Spenser  and  Shakespeare — F.  Q.,  Bk.  I.  c.  iv.  s.  xxzvii  Mids. 
Nights  Dream,  XL  L  56 ; — ^but  it  was  Archaic  in  Spenser's  time.  See 
Dr.  Morris's  Historical  English  Accidence,  p.  176. 

En  and  n  are  also  occasionally  used  in  the  singular  of  the  past 
tense,  as — I  thoughts ;  'e  comen. 

Participles  in  numerous  instances  have  the  termination  en  or  n. 
See  list  of  Strong  (and  other)  Verbs  below. 

Weak  Verbs  often  have  the  ed  and  d  of  their  preterite  and  past 
participle  reduplicated  as  attack'c^^J;  diowoided,  &c. — ^This  is  a 
mere  vulgarism. 

The  present  tense  is  frequently  employed  for  the  past,  as — '  'e 
come  out  an'  run  away,  an'  we  send  after  'im.' 

The  negation  of  Verbs  is  made  by  nad  =  not.  The  d  falls  away 
from  nad  and  -na  appears  as  an  affix  to  the  verb — can-na,  shan-na, 
&c. — as  a  general  usage  throughout  the  county ;  but  in  many  places 
the  full  form  nad  is  retained  before  vowels,  the  final  d  being  sounded 
in  a  distinct  kind  of  way,  apart  from  the  na.  This  peculiarity  is 
represented  by  an  intervening  -  (indicating  pause)  in  the  examples  of 
the  folk-speech,  but  it  is  omitted  in  the  conjugations  of  the  verbs  in 
order  to  preserve  the  integrity  of  the  negation.  There  are  some 
localities— for  instance  Ludlow  and  Newport — where  -na  stands 


Hi 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES- 


alike  before  yowels  and  consonants,  and  where  also,  but  quite  excep- 
iiarudly,  not  is  nsed  for  na  before  vowelSy  as,  conno^  'ef  munno^ 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  STBONa  VKRBSy  Ain>  OTHERS  OF 

BSMARKABLB  FORM. 


Prei. 

Prd. 

"     Part.  Paa. 

Arriye 

Arrove  [Cobvb  Dale] 

Bear  [bring  forth] 

bore 

bore 

Bear  [carry] 

bore 

bore 

Beat 

beat 

beat,  beaten 

Begin 

begun 

begun 

Bid 

bid 

bid,  bidden 

Bind 

bond,*  bund  * 

bond,*  bund  * 

Bite 

bit 

bit,  bitten 

Blow 

blowed 

blowed 

Boat  =  burst 

host,  hosted 

bosten,  boat,  hosted 

Break 

broke 

broken,  brosten  * 

Chide 

chid 

Choose,  chose  • 

chose 

chosen  [choz-n] 

Cleave  [split] 

clove,  cleaved 

cloven,  cleaved 

Cling 

clung 

clung 

Climb 

clomb  * 

clomb,  clomben 

Come 

come,  corned 

comen 

Creep 

crope* 

cropen 

Crow 

crowed 

crowed 

Delve  * 

delved 

delved 

Ding* 

dinged 

dinged 

Do 

did,  done 

done 

Draw 

drawed 

drawed 

Drink 

drunk 

drunk,  drunken 

Drive 

dniv 

druv,  druven 

Eat 

et,  ete  * 

etten,  ete 

Fall 

fell 

fell,  fellen,  faun  ♦ 

Feel 

fel' 

fer 

Fight 

fought  foughten  • 

fought,  foughten  ♦ 

GRAMMAR  OUTLINES- 


liii 


Pre*. 

Fret. 

PaH,  Past. 

Find 

fund* 

fund* 

FUng 

flung 

flung 

Hy 

fled 

fled 

Foi^t 

forgot 

forgot,  forgotten 

PoTsake 

forsook* 

forsook,*  forsooken 

Freeze 

firoze  [fi'oz'] 

froze,  frozen  [fr^ozn] 

Get 

got 

got,  gotten 

Give 

gi'ed,  gid,  guv,  gived 

gid,  gi'en,  gived 

Go 

went 

gwun 

Grind 

grond,*  grun* 

grond,  grun' 

Grow 

growed 

growed 

Heaye  *  [ai'v] 

hove,*  heaved 

hoven,  heaved 

Help 

help,*  [oa'p]  helped 

holpen*  [oa*pn]  helped 

Hew  [y:unw] 

hewed 

hewed 

Hold  [uwt] 

held 

held 

Keep 

kep 

kepen 

Enead 

knad,*  kned 

knad,  kned 

Know 

knowed 

knowed 

Leap 

lep* 

lept 

Let 

let 

letten 

Lie 

lied,  lay 

lain 

Light* 

lit 

lit 

Lose  [I:oa'z] 

lost 

lost 

Mistake 

mistook* 

mistook* 

How 

mowed 

mowed 

Kck 

puck* 

puck 

Plead 

plad,*  pled 

Qneak* 

quoke  * 

Beach 

Taught* 

raught 

Heap 

rope* 

rope 

Bide 

xode,  rid  • 

rode,  rid 

Bing 

rung 

rung 

Biae 

riz,  TUZyZose 

riz,  Tuz,  rose 

Bun 

run 

mn 

See 

see,  seed,  sid 

sid,  sin 

liv 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 


Pre*. 

Pretr 

I 

Part,  Pott, 

Shake 

Bhook,* 

8h55kt 

shSok,*  shSokt 

Shave 

shaved 

shaven,  shoven,  shaved 

Sheed  [to 

shed  or  spill]  shed,  sheeded 

shed,  shedden,  sheeded 

Shear 

shore,* 

sheared 

shorn,  sheared 

SMne 

shone,  [shon*]  (moon)  shone 

shined  * 

Shoot 

shot 

shotten,  shot 

S'riTik  = 

shrink 

s'runk 

shrunken 

Sing 

song 

Bung 

Sink 

sunk 

sunk 

Sit 

sat,  sot, 

sut 

sat,  sitten^  sot,  sutten 

Sleep 

slep* 

slepen 

Sling 

slung 

slung 

Sow 

sowed 

sowed 

Speak 

spoke 

spoke,  spoken 

Spin 

spun 

spun 

Spread 

[spr'ai'd 

sprad,* 

sprod 

sprad,  sprod 

spr'ee'c 

I*] 

Spring 

sprung 

sprung 

Squeeze 

squoze. 

squedge  * 

squozen,  squedge 

Stack 

sluck  ♦ 

Stand 

stood 

stood,  stooden 

Steal 

stole 

stole,  stolon 

Stick  [to  kill] 

stuck 

stucken  ♦ 

Sting 

stung 

stung 

Stink 

stunk 

* 

stunk,  stunken 

Stride 

strode 

strode 

Strike 

struck 

struck,  stricken* 
strucken  * 

Strive 

strove 

strove 

Swear 

swore 

sworn 

Sweep 

swep 

swep,  swepen 

Swell 

swollen 

[swoan], 

swollen,  swelled 

swelled 

Swim 

Bwum 

swi]m 

ORAMHAR  OUTLINBS. 


\V 


Pres, 

Fret. 

Part.  Past, 

Swing 

swung 

swung 

Take,  tae 

taed,  took 

taed,  ta'en,*  took, 
tooken  , 

Tear  [taa-f] 

tore,  teaied  [taaVd] 

tore,  teared 

Teaze,  toze*   (wool. 

toze* 

toze 

&c.) 

Think 

thonght,  thoughten 

thought^  thoagbten 

Thrive 

thruv 

thruven 

Throw 

throwed 

throwed 

Tread 

trod 

trod,  trodden 

Waken 

wakened 

awaken 

Weave 

wove 

woven 

Weed 

wed* 

wed 

Weep 

wep* 

wepen 

Win 

won 

won 

Wind 

waiind  [w:au'nd] 

waund  - 

Wring 

wrung 

wrung 

Write 

writ,*  wrote 

wrote 

Part  Pres.  Bein\ 


TO  BE. 

[PuiiVERBATGH.] 


AFFIRMATIVE    FOBM. 


Svngtdar. 

1.  I  am 

2.  Theebist 

3.  %  or  'er  is 

1.  Iwu2 

2.  Thee  wust  [wus*t] 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  wu« 


Indicative  Mood. 


Part  past  Bin.* 


Ftesent  Tense.       Plural. 

1.  We  bin 

2.  Yo'  bin 

3.  A,  or  they  bin 

Preterite. 

1.  We  wun 

2.  To' wun. 

3.  A,  or  they  wun 


Ivi 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 


Singular, 

1.  Fve  bin 

2.  Thee'stbin 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er^s  bin 

1.  I  shall  be 

2.  Thee  aha't  be 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'erll  be 


Perfect  Plural, 

1.  We'n  bin 

2.  Yo'n  bin 

3.  They'nbin 

Future. 

1.  We  sha'n  be 

2.  Yo'nbe 

3.  They'n  be 


NEOATIVB   FORM. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  We  binna 

2.  Yx)*  binna 

3.  A,  or  they  binna 

Preterite. 

1.  We  wunna 

2.  Yo'  wunna 

3.  A,  or  they  wunna 

Perfect. 

1.  I  hanna  bin  1.  We  hanna  bin 

2.  Thee  has'na  [as*nu']  bin  2.  Yo'  hanna  bin 

3.  %  or  'er  hanna  bin  3.  They  hanna  bin. 

Future. 

1.  I  shanna  or  SSnna  be  1.  We  shanna  or  oSna  be 

2.  Thee  sha'tna  or  55tna  be  2.  Yo'  shanna  or  o5na  be 


1.  I  amma,  or  anma 

2.  Thee  bis'na  [bis-nu*] 

3.  %  or  'er  inna 

1.  I  wunna 

2.  Thee  wus'na  [wusnu*] 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  wunna 


'■{ 


Ay  'e,  or  'er  shanna  be 
E,  or  'er  S<$nna  be 


3. 


i'  A,  or  they  shanna  be 
They  5Sna  be 


1.  Am  II 

2.  Bisty  or  bist  'ee? 

3.  Is  a,  'e,  or'ert 

1.  Wu2lf 

2.  Wust'eel  [wus-ti'] 

3.  Wuza,  'e,  or  'eri 


INTBRROOATIVB   FORX. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  Bin  we  f 

2.  Bin  'ee,  or  bin  yo'  t 

3.  Bin  a,  or  they  1 

Preterite.  ^ 

1.  Wun  we  ? 

2.  Wunyo'1 

3.  Wun  a,  or  they  I 


J 


GRAMMAR  OUTLIKES. 


Ivii 


Singular. 

1.  Havelbinl 

2.  Hast 'ee[a8i;i']  bin  1 

3.  Has  a»  'e,  or  'er  bin  t 

1.  ShalJIbet 

2.  Shat'eebel 

3.  0«1  a,  'e,  or  'er  be! 


P^ect.  Plural* 

1.  Han  we  bin  f 

2.  Han  jo' bin? 

3.  Han  a,  or  they  bin  9 

Future. 

I.  Sba'n  webe? 

(  Sba'n  yo'  be,  or  slian  'ee  bet 


2. 


(  05n  yo*  be,  or  86n  'ee  bet 


3.  66n  a,  or  they  bet 


(  Ammad-I  t 
( Amnad-I  t 
2.  Bis'natheet 
rlnnad-«t 
( Innad-'e,  or 'er? 


INTEBBOOATIVa  NBGATIVB. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  Binna  we  ? 


2.  Binna  yo'? 
I  Binnad-a  ? 
I  Binna  they  ? 

Preterite. 

1.  Wunnawe? 

2.  Wunnayo'?. 
j  Wunnad-a  ? 
I  Wanna  they  t 

Perfect. 

1.  Hanna  we  bin? 

2.  Hanna  yo'  bin  ? 
'      I  Hannad-a  bin  ? 

I  Hsnnad-'e,  or  'er  bin?  '    (  Hanna  they  bin? 

Future. 

1.  Shanna  we  be? 


1.  Wunnad-I? 

2.  Wus'nathee? 

rWonnad-a? 

( Wminad-'e,  or  'er  ? 


1.  Hannad-I  bin? 

2.  Has  'na  thee  bin? 
,    (  Hannad-A  bin  ? 


/Shannad-I  be? 
(68nnad-Ibe? 

2.  Sha't  na  thee  be  ? 

3.  OSnnad-abe? 


'•( 


Shanna  yo'  be  ? 


dSnnayo'  be? 
r  Shanna  they  be?* 
( d5nna  they  be? 


Iviii 


GEAMKAE  OtTLIBXS. 


TO  HAVE. 

[Ptltesbaiceu] 

A7FIBMATIVB    FOBlf. 

Innmiirt  Mood^  To  h»Tc,  To  A.*        Pari pagt,  had  [ad]. 

Indicative  Mood. 

Tense.  Plural, 

1.  We  ban  [an*],  or  we'n 

2.  Yo*  ban,  or  yo'n 

3.  They  han,  or  a'n,  or  Uiey'n 


Siwpilar. 

1.  Fve,  or  I  ban 

2.  Thee'flt 

3.  A,*  'e,  or  ei^s 


1.  rd 

2.  Thee  bad'at  [adst] 

3.  A'd,  Vd,  or  Vd 

L  Fve  had  [ad] 

2.  Thee'st  had 

3.  Ay  'e,  or  'ei^s  had 

1.  I  shall  a 

2.  Thee  aha't  a 

3.  A,  'e,  or  Wll  a 


1.  I  hanna  [anm'] 

2.  Thee  has'na  [asua'] 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  hanna 

1.  I  hadna  [admu*] 

2.  Thee  hadsna  [ad'snu'] 

3.  Ay  'e,  or  'er  hadna 

1.  I  hanna  had 

2.  The^  has'na  had 

3.  Ay  'e,  or  'er  hanna  had 


1.  We  hadden  [ad-n] 

2.  Toliadden 

3.  Ay  or  ihey  hadden 

Perfect 

1.  We'n  had 

2.  To'nhad 

3.  The/nhad 

Fntiira. 

1.  We  sha'n  a 

2.  To'sha'na 

3.  A  sha'n  a,  or  they  sha'n  a 

HSOATIVB  FOBK. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  We  hanna 

2.  To'  hanna 

3.  They  hanna 

Preterite. 

1.  We  hadna 

2.  To' hadna 

3.  Ay  or  th^  hadna 

Perfect. 

1.  We  hanna  had 

2.  To'  hanna  liad 

3.  Ay  or  they  hanna  had 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  li)^ 

Singular.  Fntiire.  Plural, 

1.  I  shannad-a  1.  We  shazmad-a 

2.  Thee  aha'tna  a  2.  To'  ahinnad-a 

3.  Ay  'e,  or  'er  ahaimad-a  3.  A,  or  they  shaimad-a 

INTBBROOATiyB  FORM, 

Present  Tense. 

1.  Have  If  [av-i']  1.  Han  wel 

2.  Hast'ee  1  [asii']  2.  Han  'ee,  or  han  yo'  t 

3.  Has  a,  'e,  or  'er)  3.  Han  a,  or  theyl 

Pretoite. 

1.  Had  If  [ad-i*]  1.  Haddenwef  [ad-n] 

2.  Had'st'eef  [ad-sti*]  2.  Hadden  yo'f 

3.  Ebd  a,  'e,  or  'erf  3.  Hadden  a,  or  they  f 

Perfect 

1.  Have  I  had  f  1.  Han  we  had  f 

2.  Haat  'ee  hadf  2.  Han  yo'  had  or  han  'ee  hadf 

3.  Has  a,  'e,  or  'er  hadf  3.  Han  a,  or  they  hadf 

Future. 

1.  Shall  I  af  L  Sha'nweaf 

2.  Sha't  'ee  a,  or  56t  'ee  af  2.  Sha'n  yo'  a,  or  sha'n  'ee  a  f 

r  Shall  a, 'e,  or 'er  af  r  Sha'n  %  or  they  a? 

t  OSla, 'e,  or 'eraf  *    ( 05n  a,  or  they  a f 

INTBBBOOATIVE   KEOATIVB. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  Hannad-If  1.  Hannawef 

2.  Has'na  thee  f  [as-ntt'dhi*]  2.  Hanna  yo'  f 

3.  Hannad-a,  'e,  or  erf  3.  Hannad-a,  or  theyf 

Preterite. 

1.  Hadnad-If  1.  Hadnawef 

2.  Had'anaihtof  2.  Hadnayo'f 

3.  Hadnad-a,  'e,  or  'erf  3.  Hadnad-a,  or  hadna  they  f 

Perfect 

1.  Hannad-Ihadf  1.  Hanna  we  hadf 

2.  Has'na  thee  hadf  2.  Hanna  yo'  hadf 

3.  Hannad-a,  'e^  or  'er  hadf  3.  Hannad>a,  or  hanna  they  hadf 

02 


IX  QBAMMAR  OUTLINES* 

Singular,  Future.  Plural. 

1.  Shannad-IaY  1.  Shannaweal 


( OStna  thee  af  i  OSnna  yo'  a,  or  SSn  'ee  a1 

(  Sbannad-ay  'e,  or  'er  a  f  ^    (  Shannad-a,  orahannatliey a 

(  dSnnad-a,  'e,  or  'er  a)  '   (  OSnnad-^ or  ^nna  they  a  1 

TO  DO. 

[PULVEBBATCH.] 
AFFIRMATIVB    FORM. 

Indicative  Mood, 

Singular.  Present  Tense.       Plural, 

1.  I  do  1.  We  dun 

2.  Thee  does  [dus-]  2.  Yo'  dun 

3.  Af  'e,  or  'er  does  [duz*]  3.  A,  or  they  don 

Preterite. 

1.  I  did  1.  We  didden  [did-n] 

2.  Thee  did'st  2.  Yo'  didden 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  did  3.  A,  or  they  didden 

NBGATIYB  FORM. 

Present  Teuse. 

1.  I  dunna  1.  We  dunna 

2.  Thee  doesna  [dus*na']  2.  Yo'  dunna 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  dunna  3.  A,  or  they  dunna 

Preterite. 

1.  I  didna  [didnu']  1.  We  didna 

2.  Thee  didsna  [did-snu']  2.  Yo'  didna 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  didna  3.  A,  or  they  didna 

INTERROaATIVB  FORM. 

present  Tense. 

1.  Do  II  1.  Dunna  wel 

2.  Dost  'eef  [dus'ti']  2.  Dun  'ee,  or  dunna  yo'1 

3.  Does  a,  'e,  or  'erY  3.  Dunnad-a^  or  donna  they) 

Preterite. 

1.  Did  If  1.  Didden  we i 

2.  Did'st  'eel  2.  Didden  'ee,  or  didden  yo') 

3.  Did  a,  'e,  or  'er?  3.  Didden  a,  or  they? 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.? 


Ixi; 


INTERROGATIVE  NEGATIVE. 

Singular,  Present  Tense.       Plural. 

1.  Dnimad-If  1.  Dunnawe'f 

2.  Doesnathee1[dtis*nu'd]ii']         2.  Duimayo'9 

3.  Dnnnad-ay  'e,  or  'erf  3<  Dannad-ay  or  dunna  they! 

Preterite. 

1.  Didnad-It  1.  Didnawef 

2.  Didsna  thee  %  2.  Didna  yo'  % 

3.  DidEiad-%  'e,  or  'ert  3.  Didnadna,  or  cUdna  they  1- 


CAN. 

[PULVERBATCH.] 
AFFIRMATIVB    FORM. 

Present  Tensa       Plural. 

1.  We  can 

2.  Yo'can 

3.  Ay  or  they  can 

Preterite. 

1.  We  conlden  [kiid'n] 

2.  Yo*  conlden 

3.  A|  or  they  conlden 

NEGATIVE  FORM. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  We  canna 

2.  Yo'  canna 

3.  A,  or  they  camja 


Singular. 

1.  I  can 

2.  Thee  ca'st  [kus-t] 

3.  Ay  'e,  or  'er  can 

1.  Iconld[ktid] 

2.  Thee  con'st  [k&st*] 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  conld 


L  I  canna 

2.  Thee  ca'sna  [kasnu*] 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  canna 

Preterite. 

1.  I  conldna  [ktidnn*]  1.  We  couldna 

2.  Thee  conldsna  [ktid'snu']  2.  Yo'  conldna 

3.  Af  \  or  'er  conldna  3.  A,  or  they  conldna 

INTBRROOATIVB  FORM. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  Can  If  [kani*]'  1.  Canna  wef 

2.  Ca'flt  'ee  t  [kna-ti']  2.  Can  'ee,  or  can  yo'  1 

3.  Can  a,  'e,  or  'erf  3.  Cannad-a,  or  canna  they  f 


Ixii  ORAMHAR  OUTLINES- 

Singular.  Pieterite.  Plwral, 

1.  Could  I?  1.  Couldenll 

2.  Cotfst  'eel  [kus-ti']  2.  Coulden  yo't 

3.  Could  a,  'e,  or  'erf  3.  Coulden  a,  or  they  1 

INTBRROOATIYE  NEOATIV& 

Prwent  Teiue. 

1.  Cannad-If  1.  Cannawel 

2.  Ca'sna  thee  f  [kasnu'dhi']         2.  Cannayo't 

3.  Cannad-a,  'e,  or  'ert  3.  Cannad-a^  or  canna  they! 

Preterite. 

1.  Couldnad-If  1.  Couldnawef 

2.  Couldsna  thee  1  2.  Coulduayo't 

3.  Couldnad-a,  'e,  or  'eri  3.  Couldnad-a,  or  couldna  they  t 

DARE  [daaV]. 

[PULVHKBATCH.] 
AFFIBMATIVB     FORM. 

Part.  Past.  Dar'd  [daaVd]. 
Indicative  Mood, 
Singvlar  Present  Tenae.        PlwrdL 

1.  I  dar  *  1.  We  dar'n,  or  darden 

2.  Thee  darst  2.  Yo'  dar^n,  or  darden 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  dar  ^  3.  A,  or  they  dar^n,  or^darden 

Preterite. 

1.  I  darst  1.  We  dais'en  [daaT^anJ 

2.  Thee  darst  2.  To'  dais'en 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  darst  3.  A,  or  they  dars'en 

NEOATIVB  FORM. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  I  dama*  1.  We  dama,  or  dar'dna 

2.  Thee  dars'na  2.  Yo'  dama,  or  dai^dna 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  dama  3.  A,  or  they  dama,  or  dai^dna 

Preterite. 

1.  I  dars'na  1.  We  dars'na 

2.  Thee  dars'na  2.  Yo'  dars'na 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  dars'na  3.  A,  or  they  dars'na 


ORAXHAR  OUTLINX&  Ixui 

INTKBBOeATIVB  FORM. 

Singular,  Present  Teoie.       Plural. 

1.  Dar  I  f  [daaTT]  1.  Daren,  oi  darden  we  ! 

2.  Darst  'eel  2.  Daien,  or  darden  yo'  t 

3.  Dar  a»  'e,  or  'art  3.  Daren,  or  darden  a,  or  they  I 

Preterite. 

1.  Darst  II  1.  Dars'en  we! 

2.  Darst  'ee  I  2.  Dars'en  yo' t 

3.  Daist  a^  'e,  or  'ert  3.  Dars'en  a,  or  they  t 

INTEBROGATIVB  NB0ATIV8. 

Present  Tense. 
1.  Damad-If  1.  Dama,  or  dar^dna  we! 

2.IWi«t'ee1  g^jDanm.ordar'diiayot 

(  Damad-'ee,  or  dar'dnad-'eet 
3.  Damad-a,  'e,  or  'er  t  3.  Dama,  or  dar'dna  they  f 

Preterite. 

1.  Dan'nad-It  1.  Dais'na  wel 

2.  Dars'nat  'eel  2.  Dais'na  yo'l 

3.  Dais'nad-a,  'e,  or  'erl  3.  Dais'nad-at  dais'na  they  I 

^  Db.  Morbis  says — *  The  third  person  dare  (O.E.  dar)  is  strictly 
collect.'    See  Hidcrical  English  Aceidenee,  p.  184. 

SHALL. 

[PULVBRBATCH.] 
AFFIRMATIVB    FOBM. 

Singular,  Present  Tense.       Plural. 

1.  I  shall  1.  We  sha'n 

2.  Thee  sha't  [shaet*]  2.  Yo'  sha'n 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  shall  3.  They  sha'n 

Preterite. 

1.  I  should  [shnd-]  1.  We  shonlden  [shad'n] 

2.  Thee  shonld'st  [shud«st-]  2.  To'  shonlden 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  should  3.  A,  or  they  shonlden 


IXIY  QRAMMAB  OUTUKSS* 

mGATIVK  FOBM. 

Singtdar.  PrMent  Tenae.       Plural. 

1.  I  sbaima  1.  We  ahaima 

2.  Thee  aha'tna  [shaet'na*]  2.  Yo'  shaima 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  ahaima  3.  A,  or  they  shaima 

Preterite. 

1.  I  shouMna  [ehudiiu']  1.  We  Bhouldna 

2.  Thee  shouldsna  [shud'sna']       2.  To'  ahouldna 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  shouldna  3.  A,  or  they  ahouldna 

INTBRBOOATIYB  FOKM. 

Present  ToDfle. 

h  ShaUI?  1.  Sha'nwef 

2.  Sha't  'eo  f  [shaeti']  2.  Sha'n  'ee,  or  sha'n  yo'  f 

3.  Shall  a/e,  or 'eri  3.  Sha'n  a,. or  they  t 

Preterite. 

1.  Should  II  1.  Shoidden  we! 

2.  Shonld'st  'ee  t  [shud'sti']  2.  Shonlden  yo' t 

3.  Should  a,  'e,  or  'eri  3.  Shoulden  a,  or  they  t 

Present  Tenae. 

1.  Shannad-II  1.  Shannawef 

2.  Shatna  theel  2.  Shaima  yo',  or  shan  'eet 

3.  Shannad-a,  'e,  or  'ert  3.  Shannad-a,  or  shaima  theyl 

Preterite* 

1.  Shouldnad-I)  1.  Shouldna  wet 

2.  Shouldsna  thee  1  2.  Shouldna  yo' t 

3.  Shoul^nad-a,  'e,  or  'er  1  3.  Shouldnad-a,     or    shouldna 

they! 


QBAMMAB   OUTLINJES- 


IXT 


Singular. 

1.  m,  or  I  5^ 

2.  Thee't 


■i: 


'ETl,  or  'erTl 
E  551,  or  'er  551 


1.  I55d 

2.  Thee55d8t 

3.  TB;or'er55d 


1.  I55ii]ia 

2.  TheeSStna 

3.  %  or  'er  55ima 

1.  I55diia 

2.  Thee55d8Da 

3.  *£,  or  'er  55diia 


L  

2.  65tj»or85t'ee» 
a  dSta^'e,  or'ert 

1.  d5dlt 

2.  OSd'st'eel 

3.  05d%'e»or'erl 


WELL. 

[FULVBBBATOH.] 
AFFIBMATITB    FOBM, 

Present  Teme.        Plural. 

1.  We'n,  or  -we  55n 

2.  Yo'n,  or  yo'  55n 

3.  They'll,  or  they  55ii 

Preterite. 

1.  We  55den  [55d'ii] 

2.  Yo'  55den 

3.  They55deii 

KBOATIVB  FOBX. 

Present  Tenae. 

1.  We  55mia 

2.  Yo'  55iiiia 

3.  They  55ima 

Preterite. 

1.  We55diia 

2.  Yo'  55diia 

3.  They  55diia 

INTBBBOeATIVB  FOUf . 

Present  Tenie. 

1. 


2.  OSn'eef 

3.  OSna,  or  iheyl 


1.  d5denwe9 

2.  65denyo'1 

3.  05den  a,  or  they  t 


1. 


INnSBBOOATIYB  KXOATIVB* 

Present  Tense. 

1.  


2.  d5tDathee? 

3.  OSnnad-a,  'e,  or  'ert 


2.  OSimayo'f 

3.  05imad-a,  or  SSima  they  1 


Ixvi  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

SingyJUw.  Fnleiite.  PlwraL 

1.  05dnad-It  1.  05d]iawet 

2.  OSdana  thee,  or  feet  2.  Oodna  yo' % 

3.  OSdnad-o,  'e,  'er!  3.  Oodnad^  or  SSdna  they f 

MAY. 

[PULVXBBATCH,[ 
AFrnUCATIVB    FORM. 

Sin0ular.        Present  and  Past  Tenses-^   Plural. 

1.  I  met  1.  We  met'n 

2.  2.  Yo'  met'n 

3.  A|  'e,  or  'er  met  3.  A,  or  they  met'n 

Past  Tense.* 

1.  I  may  1.  We  may 

2.  2.  Yo'may 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  may  3.  A,  or  tbey  may 

NBGATfYB  FORK. 

1.  I  metna  1.  We  metna 

2.  2.  To'  metna 

3.  Af  'e,  or  'er  metna  3.  A,  or  they  metna 

INTEBROOATIYB  k>BM. 

1.  Met  It  1.  Met'n  wet 

2.  2.  Met'n  yo't 

3.  Met  a,  'e,  or  'er  t  3.  Met'n  a,  or  they  t 

INTBBBOOATIVB  NBGATIVE. 

1.  Metnad-It  1.  Metna  wet 

2.  2.  Metna  yo't 

3.  Metnad-a,  'e,  or  'eri  3.  Metnad-a,  or  metna  they  t 

^  'Missis,  met  [=  may]  I  gi58  wham  to-nightt'  *  Well,  yo'  mefn 
[=  may]  gS6  after  milkin',  on'y  yo'  mns'n  be  sharp  back  to  ptLt  the 
men's  snpper.' 

'  May  for  migTU  is  of  general  usage — ^people  considerably  higher 
in  rank  than  the  peasantry  employ  it.  '  I  may  have  known  what 
was. going  to  happen.'    '  I  may  a  done  it,  if  I'd  on'y  thought.' 


GRAMMAR  OTTTLIKJiS*  Ixvii 

MUST  (Common  Usage). 

[PULVBRBATCH.] 
AFFIBMATIYB    FORM. 

Smguktr.  PharaL 

1.  I  mun*  1.  We  mun 

2.  2.  Yo'  mun 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  mun  3.  A,  oi  they  mun 

NBOATIYB  FOBH. 

1.  I  munna  1.  We  munna 

2.  2.  Yo*  munna 

3.  A,  'e,  or  *er  munna  3.  A,  or  they  munna 

INTEBBOOATIYB  FOBM. 

1.  Muni!  L  Munwef 

2. .  2.  Mun  'ee,  or  mun  yo'l 

3.  Mun  a,  'e,  or  'er?  3.  Mun  a,  or  they f 

INT1EBB0GATIVB  NBOATIVB* 

L  Munnad-I1  1.  Mxmnawe? 

2.  2,  Munna  yo'  I  , 

3.  Munnad-a,  'e,  or  'ert  3.  Munnad-a,  or  munna  they  t 

MUST  (Befined  Usage). 

[PULVBBBATOH.] 
AFFIBHATIVB    FOBM. 

SvnguLar.  Plural. 

1.  I  mus'  1.  We  mus'n 

2.  Thee  mus'  2.  Yo'  mus'n 

3.  Ay  'e,  or  'er  mus'  3.  A,  or  they  mus'n 

NBGATIVB  FOBM. 

1.  I  musna  1.  We  musna 

2.  Thee  musna  2.  Yo'  musna 

4 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  musna  3.  A,  or  they  musna 


Ixviii 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES-^ 


.   INTEBBOGATIVE  FOBM. 

Singular.  Plural. 

1.  Mua'II  1.  Mua'nwel 

2.  Must  'ee  1  2.  Mus'n  yo'  1 

3.  Mus'  a,  'e,  or  *er1  3.  Mua'n  a,  or  they  1 

WTKBBOOATIVB  NBQATIVR. 

1.  Musnad-II  1.  Muanawel 

2.  Musnatheet  2.  Mosnayo't 

3.  Musnad-a,  'e,  or  'erl  3.  Musnad-a,  or  miisna  theyl 

TO  BE. 

[WoRTHEN,  Cherbury,] 

AFFIBMATIYB  FORM. 


Part.  Pres.  Bein'. 

Singular. 

1.  Ibini 

2.  Theebist- 

3.  'E  is 

1.    I  WU2 

2.  Thee  wust 

3.  TEwnz 

1.  I  a  bin 

2.  Thee'st  bin 

3.  'E'sbin 

1.  I  881 

2.  Thee  88t 


1.  I  binna 

2.  Thee  bis'na 

3.  'Einna 


Part.  Past,  Bin.* 
Indicative  Mood. 
Present  Tense.        Plural. 

1.  WebinV 

2.  Yo'  bin 

3.  They  bin 

Preterite. 

1.  We  wim 

2.  Yo'wun 

3.  They  wun 

Perfect. 

1.  We'n  bin 

2.  To'nbin 

3.  They'n  bin 

Future. 

1.  We  881,  or  88n 

2.  Yo'  881,  or  88n 

3.  They  881,  or  88n 

NBGATIVE  FOBM. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  We  binna 

2.  Yo'  binna 

3.  They  binna 


OMMMAR  OUTLINES.  Ixix 

Preterite.  Plural. 

1.  We  woima 

2.  Yo'  'wuima 

3.  They  wuima 

Perfect 

1.  We  hazum  bin 

2.  Yo'  hanna  bin 

3.  They  hanna  bin 

Future. 
[ShaU  or  wiU.] 

1.  I  ahanna,  or  oSnna  be  1.  We  shanna,  or  S5nna  be 

2.  Thee  ahatna,  or  SStna  be  2.  Yo*  shanna^  or  86nna  be 

3.  '£  ahanna,  or  'e  SStna  be  3.  They  shanna,  or  88nna  be^ 


Singular. 

1.  I  wanna 

2.  Thee  wnstna 

3.  'Ewmina 

1.  I  hanna  bin 

2.  Thee  hastna  bin 

3.  '£  hanna  bin 


IKTEBBOOATIVB  FOBM. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  Bin  we  t 

2.  Binyo'1 

3.  Bin  they? 

Preterite. 

1.  Wunwel 

2.  Wnnyo'1 

3.  Wuntheyf 

Perfect 

1.  Han  we  bin  ? 

2.  Han  yo' bin? 

3.  Han  they  bin? 

Fatnre. 

1.  Shan  I  be,  or  551 1  bel  1.  Shan  we  be  I 

2.  Shat  thee  be,  or  551  thee  be?    2.  Shan  yo'  be,  or  551  yo'  be? 

3.  051  'e  be?  3.  051  they  be,  or  55n  they  be? 


1.  Bin  I? 

2.  Biat'ee? 

3.  la'e? 

1.  Wuzl? 

2.  Wnat'ee? 

3.  Wnz'e? 

1.  Han  I  bin? 

2.  Hast 'ee  bin? 

3.  Has'ebinll 


1.  Ammad-I? 

2.  Biatnathee? 

3.  Innad-'e? 


INTBBBOOATIVB  NBGATITB, 

Present  Tense. 

1.  Binnawe? 

2.  Binnayo'? 

3.  Binnathey? 


Ixx 


aRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 


Singular. 

1.  Wunnad-II 

2.  Wustnatheel 

3.  Wmmad-'e  1 

1.  Hannad-I  bin 

2.  Hasf  na  thee  bin  t 

3.  Hannad-'e  bin  1 


Preterite.  Plurcd.  > 

1.  Wmma  wef 

2.  Wunnayo't 

3.  Wunnatheyt 

Perfect 

1.  Hanna  we  bin! 

2.  Hanna  JO*  bin? 

3.  Hanna  they  bin! 


Future. 

1.  Shannad-Iy  or  8Snnad-I  be?      1.  Shanna  we,  or  SSnna  we  bet 

2.  Shatna  thee,  or  ootna  thee  bel    2.  Shanna  yo',  or  85nna  yo'  be  t 

3.  Shannad-'e,  or  88dnad-'e  bet     3.  Shanna  they,  or  88nna  they 

bet 

^  The  form  be  instead  of  bin  obtains  about  Clun. 

TO  BE. 

[Ludlow.] 
▲ffirmativb  form. 

Part.  Past,  Bin.* 
Indicative  Mood. 
Present  Teiue.  PlturaL 

1.  We  bin,  or  we  be 

2.  Yo'  bin,  or  yo*  be 

3.  They  bin,  or  they  be 

Preterite. 

1.  I WU2  1.  We  wun,  or  wuz 

2.  Thou  wuflt  2,  Yo'  wun,  or  wu« 

3.  'E  wuz,  or  wun,  or  were  3.  They  wun,  or  wuz 

Perfect 

1.  I  a  bin  1.  We  a  bin 

2.  Yo'  a  bin  2.  Yo'  a  bin 

3.  'E  a  bin  3.  They  a  bin 

Futoie  (wlD). 

1.  Oi'U^be,  orlSSlbe  1.  We'U  be,  or  we  851  be 

2.  Yo'U  be,  or  Thou  «&t  be  2.  YoTl  be,  or  yo'  831  be 

3.  'E'll  be,  or  'eSSl  be  3.  The/U  be,  or  they  881  be 


Part.  Pres.  Bein'. 

Singular. 

1.  I  be,^  or  I  am 

2.  Yo'  be,  or  thou  bist 

3.  'E  be,  or  'e  bin. 


QRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  Ixxi 

Sianqular.  Fiitore  (ahalQ.       JHurtd^ 

1.  I  shall  be  1.  We  shan  l)e 

2.  Thou  8ha%  or  aha'st  be  2.  To'  ahan  be 

3.  'E  shik'  be  3.  They  ahan  be 

NBOATIVB  FOBM. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  I  binna,  or  I  anma  1.  We  binna 

2.  To'  binna,  or  thou  bistna  2«  To'  binna 

3b  *£  iima  3.  They  inna,  or  binna 

Preterite* 
1.  I  wanna  l.-Wewnnna 

2nd  and  3id  pen.  the  same. 
Perfect 
1.  I  hanna  bin  L  We  hanna  bin 

2nd  and  3rd  penk  the  same. 

Future. 
1.  I  85nna,  or  shanna  be,  1.  We  SSnna  or  ahanna  be 

2nd  and  3rd  pen.  the  same. 

IHTKKBOOATIVB  FOBM. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  Se  ly  or  bin  It  1.  Bin  we,  <»  be  wef 

2.  Biat  'eet  2.  Bin  yo',  or  be  yo't 

3.  Be  'e,  or  bin  'e?  3.  Bin  they,  or  be  they  t 

Preterite. 

1.  Wuz  II.  1.  Wun  we,  or  wuz  wet 

2.  Wust  'eel  2.  Wun  yo',  or  wuz  yo't 

3.  Wdz  'e,  or  wun  'el  3.  Wun  they,  or  wuz  they  t 

^  Perfect 

1.  A I  bint  1.  A  we  bint 

2.  Astow,*  or  aat  'ee  bin  I  2.  A  yo'  bini 

3.  A 'e  bint  3.  A  they  bint 

Futote  (irill). 

1.  OSn,  or  881  Ibel  1.  OSn,  or  881  we bel 

2.  O80t  'ee  bet  2.  Oon,  or  881  yo'  bet 

3.  OSn,  or  881  'e  bet  3.  d8n,  or  881  they  bet 


Ixxii  QBAMMAR  OUTLINSS- 

Singular.  Future  (shall).       Hurff^ 

1. 'ShaU  I  bel  1.  Shan  we  bel 

2.  Sha't  'ee,  or  sba'st  'ee  bet         2.  Shan  yo'  be? 

3.  ShaU 'e  be!  3.  Shan  they  bet 

INTSRBOOATIYB  NBOATIVX. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  Binnalt^  1.  Binnawel 

2.  Bxnna  yo',  or  bistna  theef         2.  Binna  yo'  % 

3.  Binna 'et  3.  Binna  theyt 

Preterite. 
1.  Hannalbint  1.  Hannavebint 

2nd  and  3zd  pers.  the  same. 

Future  (will  not). 

1.  OSnalbef  1.  dSnnawebe? 

2.  OSstna  thee,  or  SSst'n  'ee  be  ?    2.  OSnna  yo'  be  % 

3.  OSnna'ebel  3.  OSnnatheybef 

Future  (shall  not). 

1.  Shanna  I  bel]  1.  Shanna  we  bel 

2.  Sha'tna  thee  bel  2.  Shanna  yo' bel 

3.  Shanna 'e  bet  3.  Shanna  they  be? 

^  The  root  be  was  conjugated  throughout  the  present  of  the  indi- 
cative as  late  as  Milton's  time — '  I  he^  *  Thou  beesiy^  &c.  Bin  =  0.K 
ben  =  he  +  n^  plural  sufi&z.  See  D&  Mobbib's  Historical  English 
Accidence^  p.  182. 

*  0%  'U  [au^l],  an  exceptional  pronunciation  of  I» 

'  See  p.  IL  on  the  Vegation  of  Verbs. 

TO  BE. 
[Brtognobth.'] 

AFFIRMATiyB  FOBM. 

Part.  Prea.  Bein'.  PaH.  Past,  Bin^ 

Singular.  Present  Tense^       Plural. 

1.  I  bin  1.  We  bin 

2.  Thee  bist  2.  Yo'  bin 

3.  'E,  or  'er  is,  or  bin  3.  A,  or  they  bin 


I 

I 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 


Ixxiii 


Singular. 

1.  I  -wuz 

2.  Thee  wust 

3.  A,  'e,  or  'er  "wuz 

1.  Fve  bin 

2.  Thee'st  bin 

3.  *E8,  or  'el's  bin 


1.  I  shall,  or  wall  be 


Preterite.  Plural. 

1.  We  wnn 

2.  Yo*  wun 

3.  A,  or  they  wun 

Perfect. 

1.  We'n  bin 

2.  Yo'nbin 

3.  They'nbin 


Future. 

1.  "We  sha'n,  or  wull  be 

2.  Thee  8ha%or  shan,  or  wull  be     2.  Yo'n,  or  yo'll  be 

3.  E'U,  or  'e  wull,  or  'er'll,  or  'er    3.  They'n,  or    they'll,  or  they 

wull  be  wull  be 


TO  BE. 

[Newport.] 

affirmative  form. 

Part.  Prea.  Bein'.  Part.  Past,  Bin.* 

Indicative  Mood. 


Singular. 

1.  I'm 

2.  Thou  art,  or  thou'rt* 

3.  'E'8 

1.  I  were 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  were 

3.  'Ewere 


Present  Tense.         .  Plural, 

1.  We'n,i  or  we  bin 

2.  Yo'n,  or  yo'  bin 

3.  They'n,  or  they  bin 

Preterite. 

1.  We  wun 

2.  Yo*,  or  ye  ^  wun 

3.  They  wun 


NEOATIVB   FORM. 


1.  I  amna,  or  ai^na 

2.  Thou  artna,  or  th'artna 

3.  'Einna 


Present 

1.  We  amna,  or  binna 

2.  Y'amna,  or  yo*  binna 

3.  They  amna,  or  binna 


/ 


Ixxiv  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES- 

Siiujular.  Preterite.  Plural. 

1.  I  wer'iia,  or  wumia  1.  We  wer'na,  or  wunua 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  wer'na/ wu una      2.  Yo*,  or  ye  wer'na,  or  wunna 

3.  'E  wer'na,  or  wunna  3.  They  wer'na,  or  wunna 

^  The  *  n '  of  *  We'n,'  &c.  in  this  tense  =  am  =  ar-on — old 
Northern  English  f onus,  of  Scandinavian  origin.  *  They'» '  is  less 
often  used  than  they  bin. 

Ex, — *  The  peens  [pains]  '11  tek  'er  .  .  .  an'  'er'll  croy  [cry]  out, 
fur  the  peens  a'/t  loike  to  goo  through  'er — an*  that's  w'en  the  witch 
'as  gotten  'is  grip  on  'er' — so  said  an  Edgmond  woman  [1870]. 

*  Ye — ^pronounced  as  French  me^  te,  le,  &c. — is  often  used  in  the 
affirmative ;  but  always  in  the  interrogative. 

Ex, — *  Fo'  wunna  gooin'  to  tek  it  off  'im,  wun  yet*  *  Ay,  ah 
were.'     *  Eh  !  thou'rt  a  bad  'un,  thou  art.' 

*  One  authority  gives  in  addition  Thee  hist,  with  its  negative 
Thee  bidtna — stating  that  these  forms  are  superseding  the  older 
*  Thou  art,'  &c. 

Wuz  obtains  in  the  preterite  throughout,  as  a — would  be — '  reBned 
usage ; '  so  also  the  negative  wiizna.  See  p.  li  on  the  Vegation  of 
Verbs. 

TO  HAVE. 

[Newport.] 

affirmative  form. 

Part,  Pres.  Havin'.  Part,  Past,  Had  [ad]. 

Indicative  Mood. 

Singular.  Present  Tense.  Plural. 

1.  I've,  or  I  have  [av]  1.  We'n,  or  we  han 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  hast  [as't]  2.  Yo'n,  or  yo'  han 

3.  'E's  3.  They'n,  or  they  han 

Preterite. 

1.  I  had  1.  We  hadden 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  hadst  2.  Yo'  hadden 

3.  'Ehad  3.  They  hadden 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 


Ixxv 


Singular. 

1.  I  hanna 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  hasna 

3.  "£  hanna 


NEGATIYB   FORM. 

Present  Tense.       Plural* 

1.  We  hanna 

2.  Yo'  hanna 

3.  They  hanna 

Preterite. 


1.  I  hadna  1.  We  hadna 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  hadana  [1]  2.  Yo'  hadna 

3.  '£  hadna  3.  They  hadna 


Singular. 

1.  I  do 

2.  1 

3.  'Edoes 


1.  I  did 

2.  1 

3.  'E  did 


TO  DO. 
[Newport.] 

affirmativb  form. 

Indicative  Mood, 

Present  Tense.        Plural, 

1.  We  dun 

2.  Yo',  or  ye  dun 

3.  They  dun 

Preterite. 

1.  We  didden 

2.  Yo',  or  ye  didden 

3.  Thoy  didden 


NEGATIVE   FORM. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  I  dunna  1.  We  dunna 

2.  Thou  or  thee,  dunna  or  doesna      2.  Yo',  or  ye  dunna 

3.  '£dnnna  3.  They  dunna 

Preterite. 

1.  I  didna  1.  We  didna 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  didna  2.  Yo',  or  ye  didna 

3.  '£  didna  3.  They  didna 


f'2 


Ixxvi 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 


CAN. 

[Newport.] 


AFFIRMATIVE   FORM. 


Singular, 

1.  I  con,  or  can 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  con^ 

3.  '£  con,  or  can 

1.  I  could  [ah  cud] 

2.  1 

3.  'E  could 


1.  I  conna,  or  canna 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  conna 

3.  'E  conna,  or  canna 

1 .  I  couldna 

2.  1 

3.  'E  couldna 


Present  Tense.        Plural, 

1.  We  con,  or  can 

2.  Yo',  or  ye  con,  or  can 

3.  They  con,  or  can 

Preterite. 

1.  We  coulden 

2.  Yo',  or  ye  coulden 

3.  They  coulden 

NEGATIVE   FORM. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  We  conna,  or  canna 

2.  Yo*,  or  ye  conna  or  canna 

3.  They  conna,  or  canna 

Preterite. 

1.  We  couldna 

2.  Yo*,  or  ye  couldna 

3.  They  couldna 


^  Ex, — *  Dosta  think  thou  con  do  it  t '    '  Ay,  to  be  shu-er  ah  con.' 
'  If  Turn  conna  do  it,  it  inna  loikely  as  a  chap  loike  thay  [thee]  con,^ 


Singular. 

1.  I  shall 

.2.  ? 

3.  *E  shall 


SHALL. 

[Newport.] 

affirmative  form. 

Present  Tense.         Plural, 
1.  We  shan 
'    2.  Yo'  shan 
3.  They  shan 


GRAMMAR   OUTLINES.  Ixxvii 

Singular.  Preterite.       Plural. 

1.  I  should  [sh-h'd]  1.  We  shoulden  [shudn] 

2.  ?  2.  Yo',  or  ye  shoulden 

3.  *E  should  3.  They  shouldea 

NBQATIVE   FORM. 

Present. 

1.  Shanna  1.  We  shanna 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  shanna  2.  Yo',  or  ye  shanna 

3.  '£  shanna  3.  They  shanna 

Preterita  <• 

1.  I  shouldna  [shud'nu']  1.  We  shouldna 

2.  1  2.  Yo*,  or  ye  shouldna 

3.  '£  shouldna  3.  They  shouldna 


WILL. 

[Newport.] 

affirmative  form. 

Singular,  Present  Tense.        Plural. 

1.  I  will,  or  rU  1.  We  win 

2.  Thou,   or  thee  will  p],   or       2.  Yo'  win 

thouTl,  or  thoeM 

3.  *£  will,  or  'ell  3.  They  win 

Preterite. 

1.  I  would  [wud,  or  wuo'd]  1.  We  woulden 

2.  1  2.  Yo*,  or  ye  woulden 

3.  He  would  3.  They  woulden 

NEGATIVE   FORM. 

Present  Tense. 

1.  I  winna,  or  wunna  1.  We  winna,  or  wunna 

2.  Thou  or  thee  winna,  or  wunna       2.  Yo*,  or  ye  winna  or  wunna 

3.  He  winna,  or  wunna  3.  They  winna,  or  wunna 


Ixxviii  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

Singular.  Preterite.       Plural, 

1.  I  wouldna  1.  We  wouldna 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  wouldna  2.  Yo',  or  ye  wouldna 

3.  '£  wouldna  .  3.  They  wouldna 

Ex, — *Win  ye  goo  to  Noopert  fur  me,  Johnny  1*  'Shan  ye 
soon  a  done  them  lateral'  *They  wunna  mind  annythin'  as  I  say 
to  'em/ 

MUST. 
^  ,  [Newport.] 

affirmative  form. 

Singular.  Plural, 

1.  I  niun  1.  We  mun 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  mun*  2.  Yo*,  or  ye  mun 

3.  'E  mun  3.  They  mun 

NEGATIVE   FORM. 

1.  I  munna  1.  We  munna 

2.  Thou,  or  thee  munna  2.  Yo*,  or  ye  munna 

3.  '£  munna  3.  They  munna 

*  Ex, — *  Moother,  I  arnna  gooin'  to  skyule  never  no  more.*  *  Eh, 
my  lad,  but  tha  mun / '  'I  shanna.  The  mester  says  we  munna 
goo  to  the  Mee  Fear  (=  May  Fair — but  this  is  very  broad),  so  I 
shanna  goo  anigh  'im  no  more.' 

May  is  used  for  might,  both  among  the  poor  and  among  persons 
of  some  education. 

Ex, — 'Well,  she  may  have  given  the  girl  leave  to  stop  over 
Sunday.*     See  p.  Ixiii,  note  (2). 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  Ixxix 

FRAGMENTS  OP  VERBS. 

TO  BE. 

[Colliery,  Oakengates.^ 

Singular^  Present  Tense.        Plural, 

1.  I  are  1.  We  are 

2.  Thoo  bist  2.  Yo'  be 

3.  'E  are  [or  is  1]  3.  They  be 

*I  saw  a  letter  not  long  ago  [1878]  from  a  Shropshire  carpenter 
(Colliery  district)  about  the  death  of  his  wife,  a  young  woman.  He 
said,  "  The  night  befour  she  died,  her  said  to  me,  Jim,  I  are  very  bad, 
my  Lad,  I  are  only  waiting  the  Lord's  time." ' — A.  J.  M. 

TO  BE. 
[Ellesmere.] 
Preiient  Tenae. 

AFFIRMATIVE,  NEOATI^'E. 

Singular.  Singular. 

1.  Fm  1.  I  amma 

2.  lliee'st  2.  Thee  beestna 

3.  'E's,  or  'er's  3.  '£,  or  'er  inna 

In  the  Future  Tense  the  auxiliary  will  =  wull,  and  will  not 
=  wunna.  In  all  particulars  save  the  foregoing  this  usage  accords 
with  that  of  Pulverbaich. 

TO  BE. 

[Oswestry.] 

affirmative  form. 

Part,  Pres.  Rin'.  Part,  pa^,  Bin.* 

Indicative. 

Singular.  Present  Tense.        Plural. 

1.  I  be,  or  bin,  or  are  1.  We  be,  or  bin,  or  'm  =  am* 

2.  Thee  beest,  or  bin^  2.  Yo'  be,  or  bin,  or  bun^ 

3.  'E  be,  or  bin,  or  are  3.  They  be,  or  bin 


IXXX  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

NE6AT1VB   FORM. 

Singular.  Plural. 

1.  I  binna,  or  bunna  1.  We  binna,  or  bunna 

2.  Thee  beestna,  or  binna  2.  Yo'  binna,  or  bunna.' 

3.  '£  baint  3.  They  binna,  or  bunna,  or 

balnt 

^  The  2nd  pers.  shig.  in  use  at  Oswestry  is  not  heard  at 
Whittinoton,  2i  miles  E,  from  that  town. 

^  A  little  boy  on  being  asked  in  school  why  God  was  called  '  Oar 
Father/  answered  *  Because  we'm  His*u.* 

'  A  woman  said  to  a  boy  one  day,  *  Bun  yo*  in  yore  senses  ?  I 
think  yo*  hunna,^ 

'  It  inna '  is  very  common,  so  is  *  Be  it  ?'  as  an  interrogative. 
Sometimes  these  two  go  together  thus : — '  It  inna,  be  itf*  The 
interrogative  *  Bin  *eeV  is  not  uncommon.  Wunna  =  was  not>  and 
will  not,  is  used  in  the  Past  and  Future  Tenses  respectively. 

Yo'm  [yoa'm]  ^  you  am  =  you  are,  is  a  vulgar  form ;  Shrews- 
bury ;  Wbm.  Qy.  com.  *  Yo*m  a  bad  un  ! '  Cf.  we*m  in  the  fore- 
going verb. 

Con  =  can ;  very  general. 

Cannot  ^  cosna  [kus*nu'],  2nd  pers.  sivg.y  Shrewsbury; 
[k:au8*nu*J,  Colliery  ;  Ellesmere. 

Dare  not  =  doma  [d:auT'nu*],  Wellington. 

Will  =  5ol  [Sol-] ;  general  throughout  Mid.  and  JSoutJi  Slir. 

WiU  not  =  6onna  [oon'u'],  ibid.     (We)  o6n=:  O.E.  wolen. 

Will  =  wull  [will],  Bridgnorth  ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmere  ;  Oswestry  I 

Will  not  =  wunna  [wun'u*],  ibid. ;  Oswestry. 

Will  =  win  [win],  =  O.E.  wUen^  pi.,  Newport ;  Whitchurch. 
'  I  conna  keep  the  cows  from  gettin'  o'er  the  fence,  they  win 
do  it.' 

Will  not  =  winna  *  [winni*],  />?.,  ibid> 

Must  =  maun*  [m:aun*],  Whitchurch;  Ellesmere. 

Uust  not  =  maunna*  [m:aun*u'],  ibid. 

Must  =  mun,  mnst  act  =  munna ;  Com. 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  IxXXl 

To  go  [goo],  Com.  Prea.  Part,  going  [gwi'i'n],  Shrkwsbubt; 
PuLVBRBATCH.  [gwa'yn],  Church  Strktton.  [gwaa-yn],  Bishop's 
Cabtlb  ;  Clun  ;  Cobve  Dalb  ;  Ludlow.  [gooi'D],  I^bwport. 
[g56-i'ii],  Ellbsmere. 

A-going — according  to  these  yarious  pronunciations  is  sometimes 
heard.     See  A  (3)  {Glossary). 

The  Past  Part  is  [gwiin  corr.  gwoen*] ;  commonly. 

Lnkka  =  look  you  1  see  that  1  Colliert  ;  used  inteijectionally 
to  express  surprise,  or  to  call  attention  to  anything  being  done. 

Shewn  *  =  shew,  Com.     *  I'll  shetm  yo'.' 

Sist  =  seest,  2nd  pers,  sing,.  Colliery. 

Sithee  =  dost  thee  see  1  Colliery. 

ADVERBS. 

The  subjoined  classified  list  of  adverbs  comprises  most  of  those 
in  common  use. 

In  the  folk-speech  Adverbs  of  Manner  are  often  expressed  by 
adjectiveSy  as  '  yo'n  do  it  easy.^  '  That  thrustle  does  sing  sweet,^  and 
so  forth.  The  usage  of  dropping  the  adverbial  -ly  obtained,  according 
to  Dr.  Morris,  amongst  the  Elizabethan  writers — *  grievous  sick/ 
^miserable  poor.'     See  Historical  English  Accidence,  p.  196. 

The  adverb  like  is  frequently  employed  as  a  redundant  form — 
*  'er  couldna  walk  like,* '  that's  whad  a  toud  me  like.* 

Adverbs  of  Negation  are  commonly  reduplicated  to  express  force 
or  determination,  as — *  I'll  never  g86  nigh  that  'ouse,  never  no  more.* 

Adverbs  of  Place. — Abroad,*  agate,*  along,*  anigh,  arone^ide, 
aside,  asiden,*  atliin,  a-wham,*  endways-on,*  miles-end-ways,*  pretty 
nigh. 

Adverbs  of  Time. — Afore,*  agen,*  at-after,*  arly,*  awilde,  by 
now,  by-tiroes,  by-whiles,  edge-o'neet,  edge-o'-night,*  justly,*  just 
now,*  nex'-to-nex*,*  now  just^*  now-a-days,  sence,*  to-morrow  day, 
once [wun'st], Com.;  [won'st], Nbwpobt ;  Ellesmebe;  twice [twei'z], 
Com.;  [twei'st,  coiT.  twahyst],  Newport. 

Adverbs  of  Manner  or  Quality. — Above-a-bit,  aneend,  anind, 
athatn,  athatns,  athisn,  athisns,atwo,*  backsi'fore,  behappen,*  belike,* 
caterwiff,*  coUywest,  happen,  inchmeal,*  in  lieu,*  intum,  lather  and 


IxXXii  GRAMMAR  OUTLINES. 

lother  =  rather,  lief,*  lieve,*  liever,*  mayhappen,  mebbe,  moat  in 
generally,  most  like  =3  very  likely,  on,*  scatter-comer,*  skewways, 
top-o'er-tail,*  top-side-bottomest,  npsi'down.* 

Adverbs  of  Meaaure,  Quality,  Degree,  ftc. — Aumust,  better,* 
despert,  full,*  leastways,*  mighty,*  ne*er-a,  and  never-a  *  =  not  one, 
nod,  oncoramon,*  ondeniable,*  onhuman,*  onmerciful,*  that,^  than,' 
verra  [vae-rV]  (Newport),  welly.* 

1  That  =  so.     « 'E  inna  that  owd.' 
*  Than  =  tilL     See  Coqunctions. 

PREPOSITIONS. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  prepositions  most  commonly 
employed,  though  a  few  of  rarer  usage  are  included  in  it ; — afore,* 
agon,*  all-along-on,*  along-on,*  anunst,*  anungst,  as,  at,^  at-after,* 
athout,  athwart,  a-top,*  atter,  atween,*  atwixt,*  betwix,*  by,* 
frommet  *  =  from  ward,  i*  =  in,^  o'  =^  of  and  ow,  o'er,  o*er  anunst, 
oflf  =  from,  on  *  =  of,  oerts  *  and  toerts  =  in  comparison  to,  rigbt- 
fore-nungst,  sence,*  to*  =  of,  toert  =  toward. 

^  at  =  to  and  of.  *  'Ark  at  the  dog  V  *  'Er  thought  nuthin  at 
it.'  The  former  usage  is  noted  in  the  Olossary,  the  latter  was 
brought  under  notice  after  that  was  in  type.  Cf.  with  this  the  Fr. 
penser  d, 

s  in  =  to  in  the  idiomatic  phrase,  belongs  in  =  belon^^s,  or 
pertains  to,     *That  tub  helungs  €  the  brew-bus.' 

»  to  =  of  after  the  verb  know.     *  I  know  to  a  book.' 

CONJUNCTIONS. 

This  class  of  words  exhibits  few  divergences  from  literary 
English,  but  the  following  are  of  frequent  use — agen,*  athout^  = 
unless,  as*  =  that,  'cause  =  because,  nor*  =  than,  onless*  = 
except,  still  on  =  nevertheless,  notwithstanding ;  till  *  and  tin  = 
than,  than^  =  tilL 

1  Than  =  till,  Wem.  '  I  ran  than  I  thought  I'd  a  dropt.'  See 
Adverbs  of  degree. 

'  *  Yo'n  never  scrat  a  grey  yed  athout  yo'  tak'n  better  car*  o' 
yoreselC'    Recorded  as  a  preposition  only  in  the  body  of  the  Glossary. 


GRAMMAR  OUTLINES.  Ixxxiii 

INTERJECTIONS. 

Interjections  and  words  of  interjeotional  character — expletiyes 
and  alight  forms  of  oath — are  constantly  used,  and  these  last  often 
without  a  suspicion  of  '  swearing '  being  attached  to  them ;  of  all 
classes  of  exclamation  the  commonest  and  most  characteristic 
are — Aye,  Bygum,  By  jings,^  By  Jove,  By  leddy,  Chow-wow, 
Consam  it»  Danger,*  Danker,  Daze  my  'ounds,*  Dear  'eart,  Dear 
'eart  alive.  Dear  Sirs,  Dear  Sores,*  Delp,  Eh,*  Eh  gonies,*  Gad,  *eart 
alive,  Hoosack,*  Lukka,  My  gSS'niss,  My  'eart  alive.  My  Sons,*  Nan,* 
No  danger,*  Sam  it,  Sores  alive. 

^  By  jing^  ♦  =  By  St.  Gingonlph. 

*  Eh  is  the  indispensable  interjection  used  by  all  ranks  in  the 
Newport  district,  it  =  O.E.  cy. 


WEIGHTS,  MEASURES,  &c. 


The  *  affixed  to  a  word  refers  it  to  the  body  of  the  Glossary  for 
farther  exemplification. 

There  is  great  diversity  in  the  weights  and  measures  throughout 
the  county.  The  (London)  Standard,  Oct.  15th,  1878,  says: — 
'When  the  Act  to  consolidate  the  law  relating  to  weights  and 
measures  comes  into  operation  in  January  next  it  will  be  found  that 
in  the  county  of  Salop  some  extraordinary  discrepancies  still  exist. 
It  may  hardly  be  credited,  but  is  nevertheless  a  fact,  that  wheat 
alone  is  sold  by  no  less  than  six  different  weights ;  barley  by  nine 
weights  and  measures  different  from  each  other ;  oats  by  four  j  peas, 
three ;  and  beans  by  two.  The  growers  of  grain  on  one  side  of  the 
county  do  not  actually  know  the  prices  their  fellow-agriculturists  are 
receiving  on  the  other  side,  and  when  the  quotations  for  imp^ixd 
quarters  are  given  in  the  reports  of  Birmingham  or  Gloucester 
markets  they  are  read  [by  numbers  of  farmers]  in  Shropshire  as  if 
written  in  an  unknown  tongue.' 

The  following  ITotes,  and  the  Tablet  shewing  the  usage  of  eleven 
lepresentative  markets,  will  serve  to  illustrate  some  of  the  'dis- 
crepancies '  aUuded  to  in  the  Standard, 

Score  *  =  20  lbs.  is  the  denomination  of  weight  which  obtains 
most  commonly ;  grain,  bran,  guigeons,  pulse,  butcher's  meat  in  the 
carcase,  bacon-pigs,  &c.,  are  all  calculated  by  the  score.  Of.  score,  a 
deflxiite  numeral  (Orammar  Outlines).    See  N.  ^  Q,  (5th  S.  x.  283). 

The  Stone  is  not  much  used,  but  reference  to  the  subjoined 
Tables  will  show  how  and  where. 


WEIGHTS,   MEASURES,   ETC  IxXXV 

A  pack*  (of  flour)  =  20  stones,  each  stone  =14  lbs. ;  Markkt 
Drayton,  Cheshire.  Border, 

Strike,*  Bushel,  Measure,  are  synonymous  terms,  but  strike  is 
giving  place  as  a  general  usage  to  bualiel,  whilst  measure  is  employed 
chiefly  in  the  northern  borders  of  the  county.  The  quantities  sold 
under  these  respective  denominations  are  not,  however,  uniformly 
equaL 

A  [local]  bushel  of  grain  is  commonly  =  38  qts. 

„  „  „         at  Bishop's  Castle  =  38 — 40  qts. 

„  „  „         at  Ludlow  =  40  qts. 

„  „  „         at  Wellington         =  39  qts. 

„  „  „         at  Newport  =  38  and  39  qts. 

A  quarter  is  the  16th  part  of  a  bushel ;  Shrewsbury.   Qy.  com. 

A  pot  [basket]  =  5  pecks ;  Bridgnorth. 
„        „       =5      „        CoRVB  Dale. 
»        i>       =  ^    pecks,  sometimes  6 ;  Ludlow. 

Two  pots  =  one  bag ;  ibid, 

A  kype  *  [basket]  is  often  used  as  a  measure  for  potatoes,  applef, 
&c. ;  Shrewsbury.  When  filled  level  with  the  top  it  equals  a  half- 
strike  heaped. 

Hoop  *  is  a  name  formerly  given  to  a  peck  measure,  but  now 
nearly  obsolete ;  Shrewsbury. 

TABLE  OF  WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES. 

[In  use  Nov.  1878,] 
Home  Produce.— WHEAT. 

Muuurf.  Weight, 

Boshd  or  strike,  38  quarts  =  75  Iba 

or 
Per  bag  of  3  bushels  or 
strikes  =  225  lbs.  +  5  lbs.  for  bag 

Per  sack  =  11  'score'  +  10  lbs.  = 

or  230  lbs. 

Per  bag  of  3  bushels  of  75  >CHtrB0H  Strbttov 

lbs.  each  =  225  lbs.  +  5  lbs.  for  bag 

=  230  lbs. 


Ixxxvi 


Meature, 
Per  bushel 

Per  bushel  or  strike 

Per  bushel 

or 
Per  sack 

Per  bushel  of  39  quarts,  or 


WEIGHTS,   MEASURES,  ETC 

WHEAT— [eonftnuecTI. 

JFeight, 
=  76  lbs. 
=  75  lbs. 
=  72  lbs.  \ 

=  ll*score'-«-llb.  =  22l[^^"^*^*'= 


Market. 
Bishop's  Castle 
Ludlow 


lbs. 


idem 
Per  bag  of  3  bushels 


=  76  lbs. 

=  11  'score'  +  4  lbs.  for 
bag  =  224  lbs. 

Per    bushel,    strike,    or 
measure  =  76  lbs. 

or 

=  11  *  score*  +  6lbs.  +5 
lbs.  for  bag  =  230  lbs.  J 

=  76  lbs. 

=  76  lbs. 


I  Wellington 


I  NXWPOBT 


Per  bag  of  3  ditto 

Per  bushel  or  measure 
Per  measure 


'Mabkbt  Dkaytos 


Whitghuaoh 


or 
Per  sack  of  3  measures 

Per  bushel 


=  226  lbs.  +6  lbs.  for  bag  1  Ellbsmebb 
=  230  lbs.  ; 

^   76  lbs.  OSWXSTBT 


Per  bushel  of  38  and  of  40 
quarts 

Idem 

Per  4  bushels  to  a  sack 

Per  4  bushels  of  40  quarts 

Per  sack 

Per  bushel  of  38  and  32 
quarts  [malting] 
or 
Per  bag  {grinding] 

Per  bushel  of  39  quarts 

Per  baff  of  3  bushels  of  39 

quails  each 
Per  bag  [grinding] 


BABLEY. 


=  38  quarts 

=  270  lbs.  with  bag 
=  14 'score '  =  280  lbs. 


}  Sheewsbuet 

I  CuuBOH  Stbetton 
Bishop's  Castle 
Ludlow 


10   'score'  =  200  lbs. 
(including  bag) 


Bridqnobth 


Wellington 


10  'score'  +  4  lbs.  for  1  ^■^''o*'^ 
bag  =  204  lbs. 


Per    bushel,    strike,    or 

measure 

or 
Per  bag  of  4  bushels  of  38 

quarto  each 

Per  measure 


=  70  lbs. 


14  'score'  =  280   lbs. 
(including  bag) 

70  lbs.,  sometimes  66  lbs.    Whitchubch 


'Mabket  Dbatton 


WEIGHTS,   MEASURES,   ETC; 

r — [continued]. 


Ixxxvii 


MeoBure. 


Weight, 


Per  measure  of  38^  quarts 
cr  per  sack  of  4  measures 

Per  bushel  of  38  quarts 


Market. 
I  Ellxsmebe 

OSWEST&T 


OATS. 


Per  sack 


cr 


=  11  'score'  +  10 lbs.  (in-) 

eluding  bag)  =  230  (  g^^.^^^^ 


Per  sack  of  9  half -strikes  ) 

Per  sack  =  13 'score'  +  10  lbs.  Cuuboh  Strktton 

Per  sack  of  4  birge  bushels  =  ll^re'  +  10  lbs.  =j  Bishop's  Castlb 


Idem 
Per  bag 
Per  sack 

Per  bag  of  4  bushels 
Per    bushel,    strike,    or 


Idem  Ludlow 

=  8 'score' =  160 lbs.  gross    Bbidonobth 

=  11  'score'  +  10  lbs.  (in- 
cluding sack)  =  230    WBLLiifOTozf 
lbs.  ) 

=  10  'score'  +  4  lbs.  fori  v »«,»«»-. 
bag  =  204  lbs.  '  Newpobt 


/ 


measure 


cr 


Per  sack  of  4  ditto 

cr 
Per  sack 

Per  measure 

Idem 

Idem 


Per  bag 

Per  bag  of  3  bushels 
Peradc 


Idem 
Per  sack 

Per  bag 

Per  bag  of  3  bushels 

Per  bag 


=  50  lbs. 

=:  225  lbs.  (including  bag) 

=  10 'score '  =  200  lbs. 
=  50  lbs. 

Idem 

Idem 

BEAKS. 


'Mabket  Dbaytoh 

Whitchuboh 

Ellesmebb 

osvestbt 


=  12'score'=240  lbs.  (in- )  a„^^^„^„^^ 

Cludmg  bag)  {  SHBEWSBUBt 

Idem  Chuboh  Stbettox 

=  12  'score'  =  240  lbs. )  •»         >    /^ 

gross  (seldom  grown)  }  »'*««"»  Caotie 

Idem  Ludlow 

=    ^^'J^'  '^  "   •****«*  {  BaiMNORTH 

gross  ) 

=  12  'score'  +  10  lbs.  = 


250  lbs. 


}  Wellinotow 


=  12'8Core' +  4lbs.forbagl  *r-«»^»« 
=  244  lbs.  )  NiwPOBT 

=  235  lbs.  (including  bag)     Mabkit  Dbatton 


Ixxxviii 


WEIGHTS,  MEASURES,   ETC 


Me€uure. 


Per  sack 
Idem 
Per  bushel 

Per  sack 
Per  bushel 


BSAirS — [conftflueeT]. 

Weiffht. 
=  12 'score' =  240  lbs. 

Idem 
=  60  lbs. 

PEASB. 


Market, 
Whitohuboh 

ElLE8XERB 
OSWESTBT 


or 


Per  bag  of  3  bushels 
Per  bag 
Idem 
Per  sack 

Per  sack 

Per  bag  of  3  bushels 

Per  bag 
Per  sack 

Per  bag 
Per  — ? 


Per  imperial  bushel  of  32 
quarts 


Per  bushel  or  strike 

Idem 

Per  sack  of  6  bushels 

Per  bushel 

or 
Per  sack  of  5  bushels 

Per  bushel  or  strike 


230^1b^(includingbag) }  Shbkwsbubt 

=  4 'score*  =80 lbs.         ) 

>  Church  Stbettov 
=  12  *  score '  =  240  lbs.      ) 

=  12  *  score '  =:  240  lbs.        Bishop's  Castlk 

Idem  Ludlow 

=  200  lbs.  (induding  bag)     Wsllingtov 

=  225  lbs.  (mcluding  bag)     Mabket  Dbatton 

=  12  'score  *  +  5  lbs.  for  bag    Ellesmsbb 
=  00  lbs.  Oswbstbt 


KALT. 


j  Ooxxoir 


7LOT7B. 

56  lbs.  (without  bag) 
Idem 
280  lbs. 
66  lbs. 

280  lbs. 
56  lbs. 


1 


Shbewsbubt 
Chuboh  Stbetto5 
Bishop's  Castlk 

Ludlow 

Bbidonobth  ' 


Per  sack  of  4  bushels  of  56 
lbs.  each 

Per  sack  = 

Idem 


j  Wellinotov 


Per  pack* 


&r 


224  lbs. 

16  stones  of  14  lbs.  each    Nbwpobt 

Idem  ) 


=  20  stones  =  280  lbs.       ) 


Mabket  Dbattor 


Meatur$. 
i'er  nek  of  5  bushels 

Per  bushel 


or 


Per  sack  of  6  bushels 
Per  sack 


WEIGHTS,   MEASURES,    ETC. 

'PLOTJ»~[c(m<tnt««rj. 

Weight, 
=  14  •score' =  280  lbs. 
=  66  lbs. 

=  280  lbs. 
=  280  lbs. 


Ixxxix 


Market. 
Whitohvboh 

Ellbbmsbb 

OSWBSTBT 


Peibaig 


Idem 


BBAK,  aUBGEONS,*  SHASP8 .« 

1  cwt  =  112  lbs.  (with-    c 
out  bag)  Shbhwsbubt 


Per  sack  [hran\ 
Idem\gurgeonBdxAtharp$\ 

Idem 
Per  bushel 

Per  sack 


or 


Per  sack  [dnrn] 
Per  bag 
Idem 


or 


Per 

Per  \ffurgeon8  and  sharp$} 

Per  bag  [6ra»] 


Per  sack 
Per 


lcwt=112lbs. 

=  112  lbs. 
=  168  lbs. 

Idem 

=  66  lbs. 

U  cwt.  =  168  lbs.  (with- 
out bag) 

=  1  cwt.  =  112  lbs. 

Idem 

Idem 

short  cwt.  =  100  lbs. 
•score' =  20  lbs. 


Ohuboh  Stbxtton 
I  Bishop's  Castlb 
Ludlow 

Bbidg^obth 

Wbllivoto5 
Nbwpobt 

Mabkbt  Dbattoh 


=  6 


;'^"£L"'*''~'*>h™h.koh 


6 'score' 
'score '  =  20  lbs. 


Ellbsmbbb 

OsWBSTBT 


Per  bushel  or  strike,  which 
from  'getting  up  time' 
toChnsfonas 

After  that  time 
or 

Per  bag  of  2  bushels 

Per  heaped  bushel  at '  get- 
ting up  time ' 
In  the  spring  time 

or 
Per  bag  of  2  bushels 

Per  bag  at  'getting  up 

time' 
In  the  spring 


POTATOES. 


96lba 
90  lbs. 


=  96  lbs. 
=  90  lbs. 

=  180  lbs. 


90  lbs. 
80  lbs. 


Shbbwsbvbt 


•  Chttboh  Stbbttok 


>  Bishop's  Cabtli 


xc 

Meaaure. 
Per  bushel 
Per  bag  of  9  pecks 
Per  bag 

Per  pot 

Per  measure 

or 
Per  bag  of  2  measures 

Per  measure 

Per  strike  which  from 
'fi^etting  up  time'  till 
Cnristmas 

After  that  time 

Per  strike 


WEIGHTS,  MEASURES,  ETC- 

TOTATOBB-{continued]. 

Weight, 

=  80  lbs. 

=  180  lbs. 

=  10  score  =200; lbs.  (in-) 
eluding  bag)  / 

=  90  lbs. 

=  90  lbs. 


=  80  lbs. 


=  96  lbs. 
=  90  lbs. 

=  90  or  95  lbs. 


I 


Market, 
Ludlow 
Bbidohobth 

Wkllikgtov. 

Newport 

Market  Dbatton 

Whitohuboh 


Per  heaped  bushel  or 
strike,  or  parts  thereof 

Per  heaped  imperial 
busheL  or  by  quarter, 
or  pecK 


Per  pot 

=  90  lbs. 

Per  bushel  for  dder 

Per  pot 

Per  pot  [choice  fruit] 

=  80  lbs. 
=  20  lbs. 

Per  pot  of  6  pecks 

=  631bs. 

Per   peck   of   8   quarts, 
generally  heaped 

Per  pot 

=  90  lbs. 

Per  measure 

=  80  lbs. 

Idem 

=  84  lbs. 

Idem 

=  90  lbs. 

Idem^ 

=  96  lbs. 

I  Shbewsbubt 

! 


Chuboh  Stbetton 


Bishop's  Castle 


} 


Lttdlow 

Bbidonobth 

Wellikotoit 

Newpobt 
Mabket  Dbatton 
Whitohuboh 
Ellesmbbb 
Oswestbt 


Same  as  apples,  excepting  that  'summer  fruit'  is  sold  per  'measure' 
90  lbs.,  and '  winter  fruit '  per ' measure '  =  80  lbs. ;  Ellesxebe. 


DAHSONa 


Per  quart* 

or 

Per    heaped    bushel,    or 

strike,  or  parts  thereof 


Shbewsbubt 


Mea9ure, 

Per  quart 

or 
Per  pot  of  2  pecks 

Per  pot 

LUm 

Idem 

Idem  * 

Idem 

Permeasare 

Per  measure  of  38  quarts 

Per  measure 

Idem 


WEIGHTS,   MEASURES,   ETC 

DAMBOJXB—lcontinued]. 
WHght. 


=  90  lbs. 
Idem 
Idem 
Idem 
Idem 

=  90  lbs. 

=  90  lbs. 

=  90  lbs. 

=  95  lbs. 


XCl 

Market. 
>  Church  Stbettox 

Bishop's  Castlb 

Ludlow 

Bridgnorth 

Wkllwgton 

Newport 

Market  Dratton 

Whitchurch 

Ellssmere 

Ojwestrt 


'  Apples  are  sold  retail  in  Oswestry  market —per  hundred— the  method  of 
counting^  them  is  a  simple  and  expeditious  one.  The  seller  takes  three  apples 
in  each  hand,  and  throws  the  six  into  the  buyer's  basket —repeating  this  process 
20  times,  until  the  '  six  score  the  hundred'  is  completed. 

*  Dameone  were  sold  in  Shrewsbury  market  in  1877,  for  the  extraordinarily 
high  price  of  Is.  2d.  per  quart ;  in  1845,  a  year  of  great  scarcity,  they  fetched 
IsL  per  quart 


CHEESE. 

Pcrcwt 

=  120  lbs. 

Shrewsbury 

Idem 

Idem 

Newport 

Per 'kng'cwt. 

=  121  lbs. 

Market  Dratton 

Idem 

Idem 

Whitchurch 

FEESH  BtrXTER. 

Of.  to  the  lb.  Market, 

16, 18 Shrewsbury 

16, 18»  20 Church  Strbtton 

16 Bishop's  Castle 

16 Ludlow 

17 Bridgnorth 

18,  22 Wellington 

18 Newport 

20,  22 Market  Drayton 

24  [dish]       • Whitchurch 

Idem Ellbsxerr 

16,20 Oswestry 

^2 


XCll  WEIGHTS,   MEASURES,   ETC 

SALT  BXTTTESw 

Oz.  to  ik$  lb.  Market. 

16 GoxMOV 

EOGS. 

So  many  for  Is.  or  6d.   .  Common 

BUTCHERS'  MEAT. 

The  weight  of  '  beasts'  and  pigs  is  estimated  to  the  batcher  by 
the  score — beef  so  many  *  score*  per  side  or  quarter,  pigs  so  many 
*  score '  the  whole  carcase.  Calves  and  sheep  so  many  lbs.  per  quarter. 
But  the  batcher  sells  by  the  lb.  Weight  by  the  stone  is  recognized, 
but  rarely  employed. 

A  stone  of  beef  =12  lbs.;  Ludlow. 

„    =14  lbs.;  Brioonobth. 
=    8  lbs. ;  Ellbsmerb. 


LAND  MEASUREMENTS,  ETC. 

Acre  statute,  usual  acreage. 

Acre  of  Hops,  about  half  a  statute  acre,  being  as  much  land  as  is 
required  for  1000  hop  plants;  Ludlow. 

Bood  =  rod,  IB  a  measure  of  8  yds.  lineal,  employed  for  hedging, 
ditching,  draining,  &c.;  Com. 

The  rood  is  also  employed  as  the  basis  of  denomination  for 
Square  Measure — a  '  digging  rood,'  as  for  cottage  gardens,  potatoe 
ground,  &c.,  ia  64  square  yards,  i.  e.  8  x  8 ;  ConL  Ct  N.  ^  d 
[5th  S.  X.  284]. 

Perch  [paer^'k],  fencing  or  ditching,  8  yds.  Lineal;  Cleb  Hillb. 
„  „  „        7  „         „        Ludlow. 

„  walling  16|  ft.  Ludlow. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Lugg,  a  term  in  wood  measurement  =149  sq.  yds.  of  coppice 
wood;  Ludlow. 

A  Cord  of  Wood*  measures  8  ft.  long,  3  ft  1  inch  wide,  and 
5  ft.  1  inch  high ;  Com. 


WEIGHTS,   MEASUBE3,  ETC.  XCIU 

10  CiordB  of  Wood  to  one  Charcoal-fire. 

A  laek  of  oharcoal  =  14  bushels. 

PaggotSy  120  per  hundred  =  6  '  gcore ' ;  Clun  ;  Ludlow. 

Coal,  a  ton  =  20  cwt  of  112  lbs.  each  at  some  pits. 
„  „         idem      „  120  lbs.     (called    'long    weight*)    at 

others. 

Hay,  a  ton  =  20  cwt.  of  112  lbs.  each ;  Qy.  com. 

Hand-breadth*  =  3  inches — sometimes  used  for  Hand — a  rather 
loose  expression,  signifying  approximately  rather  than  exactly; 
Ludlow. 

Swath  *  of  Hay-grass  =  39  inches ;  Ludlow. 

Shock  of  com     =    6  sheaves ;  Worthen,  Minsterley, 

Idem  =12      „  Ludlow. 

Thrave*  of  com  =  24  „  Com. 

Boltin*  of  (thatching)  straw  =  14  lb&;  Worthen,  Mineterley. 
Qy.  com. 

Battin*  „  „      =  2  sheaves;  Ellesmere. 

Thrava  „  „      =  24    •  boltin '     =     336    lbs. ; 

WoRTHBN,  Miruterley.    Qy.  com. 

Idem  idem  =12  'battin';  Elli»mere. 

Idem  idem  =  24 sheaves;  Market  Drayton. 

Baker's  Dozen  =  13 ;  Com. 

Cider  hogshead  =100  galls.;  Ludlow;  Bridgnorth. 


SPECIMENS  OF  THE  FOLK-SPEECH. 

[PULVStBATOH.] 


The  following  ia  liiercUim  et  verbatim  what  Bettj  Andrews — a 
Church  Pulverbatch  woman — said  when  relating  the  account  of  how 
her  little  boy  had  fallen  into  the  hrook  at  Cruck  Meole,  where  she 
was  then  living  [1873].  But  no  written  characters  of  any  kind — 
no  '  want  of  stops ' — can  convey  an  idea  of  the  story  as  poured  f(»ih 
by  good  Betty's  voluble  tongue — it  took  away  one's  breath  to  listen 
to  it : — 

**  I  'eard  a  scrike  ma'am  an'  I  run  an  theer  I  sid  Frank  ad  pecked 
i'  the  bruck  an'  douked  under  an'  wuz  drowndin'  an'  I  jumped  after 
'im  an'  got  out  on  'im  an'  lugged  'im  on  to  the  bonk  aU  sludge  an'  I 
got  'im  wham  afore  our  Sam  comen  in — a  good  job  it  wuz  for  Sam 
as  'e  wunna  theer  an'  as  Frank  wunna  drownded  for  if  'e  'ad  bin  I 
should  'a'  tore  our  Sam  all  to  winder-rags  an'  then  'e'd  a  bin  djed  an' 
Frank  drownded  an'  I  should  a  bin  'anged.  I  toud  Sam  wen  'e  t(Sok 
the  'ouse  as  I  didna  like  it. — '  Bless  the  wench,'  'e  sed,  '  whad'n'ee 
want  1  Theer's  a  tidy  'ouse  an'  a  good  garden  an'  a  run  for  the  pig.' 
*  Aye,'  I  sed,  *  an'  a  good  bruck  for  the  childern  to  peck  in,'  so  if  Frank 
'ad  bin  drownded  I  should  a  bin  the  djeth  uv  our  Sam.  I  wuz  that 
frittened  ma'am  that  I  didna  spake  for  a  nour  after  I  got  wham  an' 
Sam  sed  as  'e  adna  sid  me  quiet  so  lung  sence  we  wun  married  an' 
that  wuz  eighteen  'ear." 

COMPROMISE  GL0S8I0  VERSION. 

'  "  Ei*  eeVd  u  skr'ei'k  mum  un  ei  r'un*  un  dhoeV  ei  sid*  Frang'k 
ud  pek't  i  dhu  br'uk*  un  dou'kt  un'dur  un  wuz  dr'ou'ndin  un  ei 
jum'pt  af'tur'  im  un  got'  ou*t  on  im  un  lug-d  im  on*  tu  dhu  bong-k 
aul    slej'  un    ei  got'  im  wum*  u'foa'r*  our  '  Sam*  kum'un  in*  u 


SPECIMENS  OF  THE  FOLK-SPEECH.  XCA' 

good*  job  it  WTLB*  fva^  Sam*  nz  ee*  wumi'  dheeV  un  uz  Fr'ang'k 
wun-a'  dr'ou'ndid  fur'  if*  ee  ad'  bin  ei  shud  u  toaV  our'  Sam*  aul*  tu 
win'dor'-r'ag'z  uu  dhen*  ee-d  u  bin  jedmn  Frang'k  dr'ou'ndid  un  ei* 
afaud  n  bin  ang'd.  £i'  tou'd  Sam*  wen  ee  took*  dhu  ous*  ut  ei* 
didnu  leik  it  * Bles'  dhu wen'sh,' ee  sed',  * wod'ni  waan*t  1 — dhee'r'z 
n  tei'di  oas-  un  u  good*  gaa*r'din  un  u  r'un*  fur*  dbu  pig*/  *  Ay,  ei 
sedy  'nn  u  good  br'uk*  fui^  dhu  chil'dur'n  tu  pek'  in*,'  soa*  if  Fr'ang'k 
ad*  bin  dr'ou'ndid  ei  shud  u  bin  dhu  jeth*u  our*  Sam' — ei  wuz  dhat* 
fir'it'nd  mum  dhut  ei  did'nu  spai'k  fur*  u  nou'r'  af'tur'  ei  got*  wum* 
un  Sam*  sed*  uz  ee  ad*  nu  aid*  mi  kwei'h't*  soa*  lung*  sen's  wee  wun 
mar**id  un  dhat*  wuz  •eit*tee*n  ee'r'." 

ANALYTIC  GLOSSIC  VERSION. 

"  A'y*-:ee*uVd-u'-8kr'a'y'k-mu'm  u'n-a'y-r'un*  u*n-dh:ee*u'r^  a'y-si'd' 

Fr'a'ng-k-u'd-pek't-i'-dhu'-br'uk'  u'n-duwkt-un*duY  u'n-wu'z-dr'uwn 

di'n  u*ii-a'y-jum*pt  a'f*tu'r'-i*m  u'n  got*  uw*t-:on-i*m  u'n-lug-d-i'm  on 

tu'-dhu'  b:ong'k  :aul*-elaej*u'n-a'y-got-i'm-woem'  u'f:oa'uY-uwu'r'-Sa'm' 

kum'tt'n-i'n* — u'  g:oo*d-job  i't-wuz'-fu'r'-Sa'm*  u'z-ee-wun'u'-dhtee'u'r* 

u'n-u'z-Fr'a'ng'k   wun*u'-dr'uw*ndi'd   fu*r-i*f*-ee^'d*-bi'n    a'y-shu'd-u'- 

txMiTiV    uwu'r'-Sa'm*    »ul*tu'-win'du'r^-r'a'g'z     u'n-dhen':ee*d-u'-bi'n- 

jaie*d*  ii'n-Fr'a*ng*k-dr'uw'ndi'd  u'n-a'y-shu*d-u'-brn-a'ng*d.  A'y-tuwd- 

Sam*  wen-ee-t5ok*-dhu'-uw8S*  u'z-a'y-didnu'-la'yk-i't  —  * Bles'-dhu'- 

wen*8b9'  ee-sed*,  *wod*ni'-waan't1  —  dhiee'u'r'z-u'-ta'ydi'-uwss'  u'n-u' 

g:oo*d-g*Aa*r'di*n  u'n-u'-r'un*  fuY-dhu'-pig*/     'A'y,  a'y-sed*,  *  u'n-u' 

g:oo*d-br'uk'  fuY-dhu'-chil-du'i'n  tu'-pek*-in',  sioa-i'f-Fr'a'ng'k  a'd-bin- 

dr'uw-n-di'd  a'y-shu'd-u'-bin  dhu'-jae'th*  u'-uwu'r'-Sa'm* — a'y-wu'z- 

dha't*-frit*nd-mu'm  dhu't-a'y-didnu'-spai'k  fuY-u'-nuwu'r'-a'f'tu'r'  a'y- 

got'-woem*  u'n-Sa'm-sed*  u'z  ee-a'd'nu'  si'd*-mi'-kwa'yh't  sioarlung' 

aen-s-wee-wun-ma'i'-i'd  u'n-dha't'-wu'z  -a'yt-tee-n  reeh'r*." 

The  same  Betty  Andrews  was  telling  how  she  had  washed  the 
pig's  entrails  at  the  '  prill '  [stream] — and  here  in  order  to  understand 
her  story,  the  Glossary  must  be  anticipated,  by  explaining  that  the 
pig's  puddings  are  called  respectively,  the  '  Roger^  the  '  Nancy,*  and 
the  '  chitterlings ' — said  Betty,  '  I  wuz  weshin'  the  bally  at  the  prill 
jest  by  the  stile  w'en  Dick  comen  up — awilde  I  wuz  talkin  to  'im 
my  Roger  went,  I  run  down  the  prill  after  it,  an'  afore  I  could  get 


XCVl  SPECIMENS  OF  THE  FOLK-SPEECH: 

back  the  Nancy  wuz  gwun — an'  I  thought  the  very  Owd  Nick  wu2 
i'  the  puddins.' 

GOMPROMISB  GLOSSIO  VBRSIOK. 
'  £i*  wuz  weshin  dhu  bal'i  at  dhu  pT^il  jes't  bei'  dha  stei'l  wen 
Dik'  knm'un  up — ^uwei'ld  ei  wuz  tau'kin  tu  im'  mi  Boj*ui^  weni;,  ei 
r'un  dou'n  dhu  pr'il*  aftur*  it  un  ufoa'i^  ei  kud  get  hak-  dhu  Nan'si 
wuz  gwun'  un  ei  thaut*  uz  dhu  yer'i  ou'd  Nik*  wuz  i  dhu  pudinz.* 

ANALYTIC  QLOSSIC  VERSION. 
"A*y-wu'z-wae8hi*n-dhu*-bali*-u't^hu*-pr'il"jae8*t-ba'y-dhu'-flta*yl 
wen-Dik*  kumni'n-up — ^u'wa'yid-a'y-wu'z-tau'ki'n-tu'-im'  m'i-Roj-uY- 
wen't,  a'y-r'un-duwTi-dhu'-pr'il*  a'fluY-i't  u'n-u'froan'r'-a'y-ku'd- 
g(yet-ba'k'  dhu'-Na'n'si'-wu'z-gwoen*  u'n-a'y-thaut'-u'z-dhu'-vaeVi' 
uwd-Nik'  wu'z-i'-dhu'-pudi*nz." 

Another  anecdote  of  Betty  Andrews — as  related  by  herself — ^will 

conclude  these  '  Specimens/  which  being  the  genuine  utterances  of  a 

good  representative  spokeswoman  of  the  peasant  class,  in  a  pretty 

'  central  part  of  the  County,  may  be  taken  as  typical  of  the  Shropshire 

folk-speech. 

Betty  was  going  in  a  Market-train  from  Hanwood  to  Shrewsbury, 
and  while  talking  with  her  usual  rapidity,  was  thus  addressed  by  a  man 
who  was  her  fellow-trayeller : — *  Wy  Missis,  I  should  think  as  yo* 
mun  a  'ad  yore  tongue  lied  [oiled]  this  momin'  afore  yo'  started.' 
'  No,  indeed.  Sir,'  said  Betty,  '  I  hanna,  fur  if  it  'ad  a  bin  Hed  it  oM 
never  a  stopped.     No  danger  I ' 

COMPROMISE  GLOSSIC  VERSION. 

*  Wi  Mis'is,  ei  shud  thing'k  uz  yoa  mun  u  ad*  yoa*r'  tung'g  ei'ld 
dhis  maur'*nin  ufoaT*  yoa  staa*r'tid.'  'Noa  indee'd  Sur,'  sed  Betd, 
'ei  an*u  fur'  if  it  ad*  u  bin  ei'ld  it  8od  nevur'  u  stop't.  Noa* 
'dei'iyur* ! ' 

ANALYTIC  GLOSSIC  VERSION 

*  Wi'-Mis'i's,  a'ywahu'd-thing-k  u'z-y:oa  mun-u'a'd'  yioa'u'r'-tung-g 
a'y'ld-dhi8-maur'*ni'n  u'f:oa*u'r'-y:oa-Rt:aaT*ti'd.'  *N:oa  indee*d-Su'r,' 
sedBe*ti',  'a'y*.a'n'u'fu'r-if-i'tra'd'.u'.bin-a'y'ld  i'WSd-naevu'r-u'^top't. 
N:oa  'da'yiyu'r' ! ' 


DICTIONARIES  CONSULTED  AND  QUOTED. 


Ash,  John,  Neio  and  Complete  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language, 
2  Yolfl.    London:  1775. 

Bailbt,  N.,  UnivereaJ  Etymological  English  Dictionary,  London : 
1727;  id.  1782. 

Blount,  Thomas,  Glossographia :  *  a  Dictionary  interpreting  the  Hard 
Words  .  .  .  now  nsed  in  our  refined  English.  Tongue.'  London  : 
1674. 

BoswoBTH,  Rbv.  D&,  Compendious  Anglo-Saxon  Dictionary,  London  : 
1876. 

BuBauT,  O.  F.,  Glossaire  Etymdlogique^  Auz  zii®  et  xiii*  si^cles. 
Berlin:  1870. 

Chambaud,  Louis  M.,  Dietiannaire  fran^ois-anglois,  corrig^  et 
augment^  par  lui  et  par  M.  J.  B.  Eobinet.     Paris :  1776. 

GoLRBiDeis,  Herbert,  Dictionary  of  the  Oldest  Words  in  the  English 
Language^  a.d.  1250—1300.     London :  1872. 

Dietionarium  EtymoJogicvm  Latinvm,    See  Qneroo  below. 

Halltwell,  James  Orchard,  F.RS.,  Archaic  and  Provincial 
Dictionary.     Bvo.     3rd  ed.  1855,  and  8th  ed.  1874. 

HoTTEN,  John  Camden,  Slatig  Dictionary,     London :  1864. 

jAMneoN,  John,  D.D.,  Etymological  Dictionary  of  the  Scottish 
Language.     Edinburgh:  1818. 

Meadows,  F.  C,  New  Italian  and  English  Dictionary,  London : 
1852. 


XCVIU         DICTIONARIES  CONSULTBD  AND  QUOTED. 

Pick,  Db.  Edward,  French  Etymologteal  Dictionary.  London :  1869 

Promptorium  Parvulorum,  DictionarinB  Anglo-Latiniis  Princeps,  circa 
A.D.  1440.   Albbbt  Wat,  M.A.    London:  Camden  Society,  1865. 

QuEBCO,  Thomas,  db  Saora,  Dictionarium  Etymologicvm  Lattnvm. 
ito.  London :  Imprinted  by  Felix  Kingston  for  Andrew  Crooke, 
1648.  This  dictionary  is  useful  for  the  old  English  words  in  its 
definitions. 

BiCHARDS,  W.,  LLD.,  Welsh  Pocket  Dictionary,  London  and 
Wrexham. 

Stratman,  Dr.  Francis  Henrt,  Old  English  Dictionary^  xiii.,  ziv., 
and  XV.  cent.     Erefeld :  1867. 

Wat,  Albert,  M.A.     See  Promptorium  Parvulorum. 

Wedgwood,  Hbnslbioh,  English  Etymology,    London :  1872. 

Worcester,  Joseph  E.,  LL.D.,  English  Dictionary,  ito.  London 
and  Boston  (U.S.)  :  1859. 

Wright,  Thomas,  F.S.  A.,  Obsolete  and  Provincial  English,  London : 
1869. 


CHIEF  AUTHORITIES  QUOTED. 


Thb  f  shows  that  the  work  to  which  it  is  prefixed  is  either 
Salopian  or  near  akin  to  the  Salopian  Dialect.  See  Introduction^ 
pp.  xvi,  xvii 

t  Alexander  and  Dindimus.     See  Skeat. 

t  AUsaunder,  K,     See  ihid. 

t  AuDELATy  John,  27^  Poems  of,  A  specimen  of  the  Shropshire 
Dialect^  xv.  cent.  ed.  J.  O.  HalliwelL  Sm.  800.  London : 
Percy  Society,  1844. 

Bible  Word  Book.    See  Eastwood  and  Wright  (W.  AMis). 

t  BoTELER,  Sir  Thomas,  Register  of.  '  This  Kegister  emhraces  ahout 
eight  years  of  the  reign  of  Henry  YIIL,  goes  through  that  of 
Edward  YI.,  takes  in  the  whole  of  Queen  Mary's,  and  four  years 
of  Queen  Elizaheth's.  .  •  .  The  Hegister  was  written  in  a  clear, 
bold  hand.  It  contained  numerous  entries  of  christenings  and 
burials,  commencing  26th  November,  1538,  and  ending  20th 
September,  1562.  It  is  believed  that  this  valuable  and  interesting 
Kegister  was  destroyed  in  the  calamitous  fire  that  consumed  the 
mansion  of  Sir  Watkin  Williams  Wynn,  at  Wynnstay,  in  the 
year  1859.'  The  Rev.  Charles  Henry  Hartshome  made  extracts 
from  the  Begister  for  private  reference  in  1840,  but  unfortunately 
'  in  many  instances  modernized  the  spelling.'  See  below.  Harts- 
home. 

BuBKS,  RoBBRT,  Works  of.    Olobe  edition.     London  :  1873. 

t  Byegonee :  a  Reprint  from  the  columns  of  the  Osweetry  Advertizer, 
containing  a  good  many  notes  on  the  Shropshire  dialect.  1872 — 
1878. 


C  CHIEF  AUTHORITIES  QUOTED. 

CHAUCiBBy  Gboffbet,  Canterbury  Tales  (Text  of  Thomas  Tyrwhitt). 
London :  Boutledge  &  Sons. 

Man  of  Lawee  Tale.     See  Skeat. 

Piioresies  Tale.     See  ibid. 

Prologue^  ^c.    See  Morris. 

t  Chuechtard,  Thomas,  Poems  of  (temp.  Eliz.,  1587).  Ed.  1776, 
lexirinted  from  ed.  1587  for  Thos.  Evans  in  the  Strand. 

Earlb,  JoHir,  M.A.,  Philology  of  the  English  Tongue.  Oxford :  1871. 

Eastwood,  J.,  M.A.,  and  Wright,  W.  Aldis,  M.A.,  Bible  Word 
Book :  a  Glossary  of  Old  English  Bible  Words.  London  and 
Cambridge :  1866. 

English  Dialbot  Socibtt,  Works  of  the 

t  Farquhar,  Gborgb,  The  Beeruiting  Officer :  a  Comedy.  Second 
Edition.  Corrected.  London :  Printed  for  Bernard  Lintoth  at 
the  Cross  Keys  next  Nando's  Coffee  House  near  Temple  Bar 
[1705—6], 

GAiRDMEBy  Jambs  (of  the  Public  Eecord  Office).   See  Boston  Letters. 

Gerarde,  John,  Herball.  London,  1633,  Adam  Joice  Norton  and 
Eichard  Whitakers. 

t  GrOUOH,  EiCHARD,  Hisiory  of  Myddle.  1700 — 1701.  (Facsimile 
reprint.)     Shrewsbury :  Adnitt  and  Naunton,  1875. 

Grose,  Franois,  Esq.,  F.A.S.,  Provincial  Dictionary^  with  a  Collec- 
tion of  Local  Proverbs  and  Popular  Superstitions.  London :  1787. 
See  Tegge. 

t  Hartshorne,  Rev.  Charles  Henry,  Salopia  Antiquay  &c. ;  with  a 
Glossary  of  Words  used  in  the  county  of  Salop.  Svo.,  pp.  xxii. 
and  640.  London :  J.  W.  Parker,  1841.  The  Glossary  occupies 
pp.  299—622. 

t  Extracts  from  the  Regbter  of  Sir  Thomas  Butler  [Boteler], 

Vicar  of  Much  Wenlock.    Made  for  private  reference,  a.d.  1840. 
Tenby :  R  Mason,  printer,  1861. 

Havdok  the  Dane.    See  Skeat. 


CHIEF  AUTHORITIES  QUOTED.  CI 

HoLMB,  Eakdlb,  Academy  of  Armory,  Folio.  Printed  for  the 
Author,  Chester,  1688. 

HooKBB,  Sir  William  Jackson,  British  Flora,  5th  ed.  London : 
1842. 

^  Inventcrye.  Edm**  Waring  of  Lea,  Esq.,  deceased;  taken  and 
apprized  in  May  1**  Caroli  [1625].  At  his  howse  called  Onldbury 
in  the  Pariah  of  Bishop's  Castle. — Proceedings  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  of  London,  Second  Series,  Vol.  vi,  No.  iv.,  pp.  363 
—75. 

Joseph  of  Arimaihie,    See  Skeat 

Lancelot  of  the  Laik,    See  Skeat. 

t  Langiand,  William,  Piers  the  Plowman  (1377  a.d.).  See  Skeat; 
also  Wright. 

Latimeb,  Bishop  Hugh,  Seven  Sermons  before  Edward  VL  (1549), 
and  the  Sermon  on  the  Ploughers  (18th  Jan.,  1549).  London : 
Arbor's  Eeprints,  1868—69. 

Milton,  John,  Poetical  Works  of    London :  W.  Smith,  1840. 

Morris,  Eby.  Dr.  R.,  Chaucer's  The  Prologue,  The  Knightes  Tale, 
The  Nonnes  Prestes  Tale.     6th  edition.     Clarendon  Press :  1875. 

Specimens  of  Early  Eivglish  (a.d.  1298 — 1393)  [Morris  and 

Skeat]. 

Historical    Outlines  of  English  Accidence,      5th  edition. 


London:  1876. 

Historical  English  Grammar.    3rd  edition.    London  :  1877. 


Kares,  Robkrt,  M.A,  F.RS.  (Ven.  Archdeacon),  Glossary,     ito. 
London:  1822. 

Naiural  History.    See  Wood. 

OuPHANT,  T.  L.  KiNOTON,  M.A,  Sourccs  of  Standard  English. 

London:  1873. 
Owl  and  Nightingale.    See  StratmaniL 
t  Palemey  William  of.    See  Skeat 

Paston  Letters  (a.d.  1422 — 1509).    ed.  Oairdner.    3  vols.    London  : 
Arbor's  Reprints,  1872—74—75. 


Cll  CHIEF  AUTHORITIES  QUOTED. 

Pbogb,  Samuel,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Supplement  to  the  Provincial  Glossary 
of  Francis  Grose,  Esq.     London  :  1814.     See  Orose. 

Pierce  the  Ploughman's  Crede,     See  Skeat ;  aL*o  Wright. 

t  Piers  the  Plowman,    Ibid. 

Proceedings  of  the  Society  of  Antigtiaries.     See  Inventorye  above. 

Ramsat,  Allan,  I7te  Gentle  Shepherd  (1725).  ed.  J.  R  Edin- 
bui^h:  1875. 

Rat,  Rbv.  John,  F.R.S.,  Collection  of  English  Proverbs,  and  a 
Collection  of  English  Words,  &c.     4th  edition.     London:  1768. 

Roister  Doister.     See  TTdall. 

t  Sdlopia  Antiqua.    See  Hartflhorne. 

t  Salopian  Shreds  and  Patches  (uniform  with  Notes  and  Queries) ; 
reprinted  from  Eddowe^  Shrewsbury  Journal.  Contains  a  number 
of  notes  on  the  Shropshire  dialect.     1874 — 78. 

Shakbspearb,  William,  Works  of   Globe  Edition.   London :  1864 

Skkat,  Rbv.  Walter  W.,  M.A.,  Edited  by — 

t  Alexander  and  Dindimus  (a.d.  1340—50,  circa).  E.  E.  T.  S. 

Chaucer.     The  Prioresses  Tale  and  the  Man  of  Lawes 

Tale,  &C.     [Six-text  ed.]     Clarendon  Press :  1874  and  1878. 

Havdok  the  Dane  (a.d.  1280,  circa).    E.  E.  T.  S. 

Joseph  of  Arimathie  (a.d.  1350,  circa).     E.  E.  T.  S. 

t  JST.  Alisaunder  {a.d.  1340,  circa).     See  below,  William  of 


Paleme. 

Lanedot  of  the  Laik  (a.d.  1490—1500,  circa).    E.  E.  T.  S. 

Pierce  the  Ploughman's  Crede  (a.d.  1394,  circa) ;  to  which 


is  appended  God  Spede  the  Plough  (a.d.  1500,  circa).    £.  E.  T.  S. 
t  Piers  the  Plowman,  Text  A.  (a.d.  1362),  and  ditto,Text  B. 


(a.d.  1377).    E.  K  T.  S. 

Specimens  of  Early  English  (a.d.  1298—1393).  See  Korrit. 

Specimens  of  English  Literature  (a.d.  1394— -1579).    Claren- 


don Press:  1871. 


CHIEF  AUTHORITIES  QUOTED.  CUl 

SuAT,  Rev.  Wautsr  W.,  M.A.,  Edited  by — 

t  William  of  Paleme  (a.d.    1350,    eirea) ;    to  which  is 

appended  K.  Aliaaunder,    See  above.     £.  E.  T.  S. 

Speed,  John,  Theatre  of  the  Empire  of  Great  Britain,  London : 
Printed  for  Thomas  Basset  at  the  George  in  Fleet  Street,  and 
Bichaid  Chiswel  at  the  Rose  and  Crown  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard. 
MDCLXXVI.  The  Maps  of  this  work,  pt  L,  are  of  older  date 
than  the  'Tables  of  Towns,'  &c.;  they  are  of  the  year  1610. 

Spenser,  Edmund,  Complete  Works  of  Globe  Edition.  London  : 
1877. 

Stratmanh,  Dr.  Frakcib  Hbnrt,  Owl  and  Nightingale  (xiii.  cent.). 
Krefeld:  1868. 

Trench,  Archbishop,  The  Stiidy  of  Words,  4th  edition.  London  : 
1853. 

English  Past  and  Present.    London  :  1865. 

Select  Glossary  of  English  Words  used  Formerly  in  senses 


different  from  their  Present.     2nd  edition.    London :  1859. 

TJdall,  Nicholas,  Roister  Doister  (before  a.d.  1553).  London : 
Arber^s  Reprints,  1869. 

Wood,  Rev.  J.  G.,  M.A.,  F.L.S.,  Illustrated  Natural  History, 
3  vols.    London:  1863. 

Wrioht,  Thomas,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Early  Vocabularies  (x. — xv.  cent) 
2  vols.  Privately  printed  for  Joseph  Mater,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  &c., 
1857  and  1873. 

— —  t  Vision  and  Creed  of  Piers  Ploughman.  2  vols.  London : 
1856. 

Wright,  W.  Aldib.    See  Eastwood. 


TABLE  OF  ABBREVIATIONS. 


adj.,  adjective. 
adv.y  adverb. 
A.S.,  Anglo-Saxon. 
BuR.y  Burguy*8  Olossaire. 
Cf.,  confer  =  compare. 
Chamb.,      Chambaud's     Fren^^h 

Dictionary, 
Col.,  Coleridge's  Dictionary, 
conj.y  conjunction. 
con\f  correct  =  (Analytic  Glossic). 
Dan.,  Danish. 
Diet.  Etynou  Lat,  Dietionarium 

Etymologicvni  Latinvm, 
Du.,  Dutch. 

£.  D.  S.y  English  Dialect  Society. 
E.  R  T.  S.,  Early  English  Text 

Society. 
emph,f  emphatic. 
expLf  expletive. 
Fr.,  French. 
Germ.,  German. 
Hal.,  Halliwell's  Dictionary, 
IceL,  Icelandic. 
ifiterj.f  interjection. 
M.  E.,  Middle  English. 
M.  T.,  Miners*  term. 
N.,  Norse. 

N.  &  Q.,  Notes  and  Queries, 
ohs.,  obsolete. 
obsols,,  obsolescent. 
O.Du.,  Old  Dutch. 
O.E.,  Old  English. 


O.Fr.,  Old  Flench. 
O.H.,  Germ.,  Old  High  German. 
O.K,  Old  Norse. 
part,  adj,f  participial  adjective. 
part,  past,  participle  past. 
pec,,  peculiar  [use]. 
phr,,  phrase. 

Pick,  Pick's  French  Dictionary, 
Piers  PI,,  Piers  the  Plowman, 
pi,,  plural. 
P,  PI,  Cr,,  Pierce  the  PlaughnuaCs 

Orede, 
prep,,  preposition. 
pret,,  preterite. 
Prompt.     Parv.,     Promptorium 

Parvtdorum, 
pron,,  pronoun. 
sb,,  substantive. 
sL,  slang. 
«Z.1  slangish. 

STRAT.,,Stratman'8  DieHonary, 
unemph,,  unemphatic. 
V,  a,,  verb  active. 
var,  pr.,  variety  of  pronunciation. 
V,  n.,  verb  neuter. 
W.,  Welsh. 

Way,  Notes  in  Protnpt,  Parv, 
Wbdo.,     Wedgwood's     English 

Etymologies, 
Wr  ,  Wright's  Provincial  Diet, 
Wr.    vocabs.,    Wright's    Early 

Vocabularies, 


SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 


A  GLOSSARY  OF 

ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC. 

USED  IN  THE  COUNTY. 


A  [u'  and  aa],  {l)pr(m,  3rd  pers.  sing,  and  plur.  he,  they.  See  Oram- 
mar  Oatlines,  Ptonouna,  '  A  woz  all  of  a  dither.  *  *  Whad  wrrn  a  doin* 
theer?'  Mr.  OHphant,  in  his  Sources  of  Standard  English^  p.  192, 
Bays  that  'The  Mandlyng  Synne'  [Bobert  of  Bnmne,  1303]  should 
be  oompared  with  another  poem  due  to  the  same  slure  [ButUnd], 
and  written  fiye  hundred  and  sixty  years  later ;  I  mean  Mr. 
Tennyson's  '  Northern  Farmer.'  Some  of  the  old  forms  are  there 
repeated,  especially  the  a,  which  stands  first  in  the  following  rimes : 

'  He  ys  wur^y  to  be  shent, 
For  a  do>  a^ens  ^ys  comaundment' — p.  84. 

And  in  a  note,  he  adds :  '  The  he  had  become  ha  and  then  a  ;  this  is 
one  of  the  then  new  forms  we  have  rejected.  Mrs.  Quickly  used  it.' 
See  Hen,  F.,  II.  iii.  The  Shropshire  a  for  they  represents,  according 
to  Mr.  Oliphant,  the  old  AS.  hi.    They  is  a  Scandinayian  innovation. 

(2)  [uHT  more  emphatically  [*aa].  See  Grammar  Outlines,  verb 
Have.  <  We  mun  a  mis  oven  fettled  afore  we  putten  another  batch  in.' 

' ...  he  sayd  it  was  Harry  Gray  that  thei  talkyd  of;  and  my  Lord 
sayd,  ''I  was  besy  with  m  this  fewe  days  to  a  maryd  hym  to 
a  jantyUwoman  jn  NorfoULO  that  schall  haye  iiijc.  marc  to  hyr 
manage."' — PoiUm  LeUera,  A.D.  1464,  yol.  i.  p.  302. 

(3)  {j^9  prepositional  prefix  to  nouns,  adjectiyes,  and  yerbal  nouns 
in  '%ng.  It  is  equiyalent  to  at,  in,  on,  or  on  the;  and  represents  the 
AS.  it,  at,  or  on,  used  in  comx>o8ition  for  in,  on,  upon, 

AASOH'S-BOD  [aeVunz  r'od'l,  sb,  Solidago  Virgadreaf  common 
Gk)lden  rod. — WkiTCUUJiOH,  TiUtock, 

ABERB  [u'bee-nr'],  v.  a.  to  bear ;  endure ;  tolerate. — Ellbbkbrb. 
'  The  missis  toud  me  I  wu2  to  sarye  them  pigs  an'  I  oonna-d-odere  it,' 
AS.  aberan,  to  bear,  suffer. 


3  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

ABIDE  [u'beid'],  v,  a.  to  brook ;  to  suffer ;  to  pat  up  with. — ^Wex. 
Qy.  com.     '  I  caona-d-aMVie  them  under-'onded  ways.' 

' .  .  .  would  write  also  to  my  Lord  of  Oxford,  but  that  he  is  so 
yexed  in  spirit  *'  in  thys  trouble  seson,"  that  at  times  he  cannot  abide 
the  signing  and  sealing  of  a  letter.' — Paston  Letters,  ▲.D.  1450,  vol.  L, 
p.  168. 

'  I  cannot  abide  swaggerers.' — 2  Hen,  IV. ,  U.  iy.  118. 

loeL  bi^,  to  wait ;  endure ;  suffer.  Cf .  A.S.  dbidan,  from  Udan^  to 
wait. 

ABOVE-A-BIT,  adv,  to  an  excessive  degree.  Com.  "£  fund  as 
'e'd  got  all  the  work  to  do  'isself,  so  'e  off  wuth  'is  smock  an'  went  into 
it  ahove-a-biV 

ABBOAD  [u'br'aud'l  o^t;.,  pec,  away;  in  some  other  direction. 
— PTTLyEKBATOH.  *  That  peckled  'en's  al*ays  about  the  door  65th  'er 
chickens ;  I  wish  'er'd  tak'  'em  abroad  awilae.' 

ABBOH  [ai'br'unl,  adj.,  oha,  auburn. — Pulvbrbatch.  "Er  wuz  a 
sweet  pretty  babby,  65th  nice  abron  ar,  but  too  cute  to  liye.' 

'  A  lustie  courtier,  whose  curled  head 
With  abrofi  locks  was  fairly  famished.' 

Hall.,  Sat.  VL  111,  S.  6,  in  Wb. 

ABujndATIOV  [u'bun'dai''sh*n],  sb.,  var,  pr,  abundance.     Com. 

ABXrSEFTJL  [u'beus'ful],  adj,,  var.  pr.  abusive. — Pulverbatch  ; 
Wem. 

ACHEBN  [ach'ur'n],  sb,  an  acorn. — Cleb  Hilub;  Wbm  ;  Ellesmerb. 
*  We  bin  gwe'in  after  acherne,*  Olans,  an  achame,  Yocab.  Harl.  MS. 
1002.  Acchame,  okecome,  Ort.  Y.  In  the  curious  inventory  of  the 
effects  of  Sir  Simon  Burley,  who  was  beheaded  1388,  are  enumerated 
'  deux  pairs  des  pater  nosters  de  aumbre  blanc,  Tun  countrefiait  de 
Atchemes,  I'autre  rounde.' — ^MS.  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Thomas 
FhUlipps. — ^Way,  in  Prompt.  Parv,,  p.  6.    A,S.  cecem, 

ACHEBHIHO  [ach'ur'nin],  part,  gathering  acorns. — Cleb  Hili^; 
Weh  ;  Ellesmebe.     '  The  childem  bin  gwun  achemin.* 

ACKEB  [ak-ur'],  v.  n,  to  tremble  with  passion,  to  chatter. — ^Pulver- 
batch; Wem.  "Is  tith  far  ackered  togither'  =  his  teeth  fedrly 
chattered.    W.  achreth,  a  trembling. 

ACXEBH  [ak-ur'n],  *&.,  var.  pr.  an  acorn. — Shbewbbubt  ;  Pulvbb- 
BATcn. 

' .  .  .  hakemea  &  ^e  hasel-notes, 
&  o)>er  frut  to  ]>Q  fiille :  {'at  in  forest  growen.' 

William  of  Paleme,  1.  1811. 

Aoecmef  or  archarde,  frute  of  the  oke. — GlaiiB,  Prompt,  Parv, 
Gf.  Achem. 

ACKEBHnrO  [ak'ur'nin],  part,  gathering  acorns. — Shrewsbubt  ; 
PuiiVEBBATOH.     *  Bin  'ee  gwein  cickernin'  f ' 

ACKEB8PIBE  [ak-ur'speir'],  v.  n.  to  sprout,  to  germinate  abnormally. 
Said  of  potatoes. — Ellesmebe;  Wem.  <I  doubt  the  tittoes  11 
ackerttpire  wuth  this  wet.'    Potatoes  are  acker apired,  when  after  a  dry 


QLOSSART   OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     i 

season  heavy  rain  sets  in,  and  £he  snper-abundant  moisture  causes 
them  to  put  forth  new  tubers,  instead  of  increasing  them  in  size, 
thus  spoiung  the  jprowth.  Of.  ackerspier  in  Ra.t*8  '  r^orth  Country 
Words/  B.  15,  E.  D.  S. 

ACQXJAIHTAHCE    [u'kweintuns],  sh,,  pec.  a  ' fiancee.'— Much 

Wenlock.     *  Molly,  do  you  know  that  Miss  F is  going  to  be 

married  ? '    '  Well,  sir,  1  thought  I  sid  'er  5dth  an  (icquainiance.* 

ASE  [aid*],  sh,  a  reach  in  the  Severn.  This  term  is  '  applied  by 
navigators  of  the  Severn  to  reaches  where  there  are  eddies  in  the 
river,  as  Sweney  [aic]  Ade,  Preen's  Ade,  &c.'  See  The  Severn 
Valley,  by  J.  Bandatl,  1862,  pp.  69-70.  Ade  may  be  perhaps  A.S.  ed, 
which  as  a  prefix  means  anew,  again,  as  the  Latin  re,  and  A.S.  ea, 
running  water,  a  river. 

ADLABD  [adiund],  same  as  Adlant  below. — Newport. 

ADLANT  [ad'lunt],  sb,  the  border  of  land  left  at  the  ends  of  the 
furrows  for  turning  the  plough  on.  The  headland.  Com.  To  '  turn 
on  a  mighty  narrow  adlant*  is  a  proverbial  8a3dng  expressive  of  a 
very  narrow  escape,  as  from  peril  of  death  or  from  calamity.  '  To 
plough  the  adlanU  afore  the  huts '  is  to  begin  a  matter  at  the  wrong 
end.  Thus  a  man  who  asked  the  father's  permission  to  propose  to 
his  daughter  was  said  to  have  made  a  mistake,  *  ploughed  the  (uJUanU 
afore  the  buts  I ' 

A-DOlfE  [u'dun*],  v.  a.  leave  off ;  have  done.  Com.  '  A-done  now 
Ven  I  spake.'    Qt  A  (2). 

APEASD  [u'fee'ur'd],  adj,  afraid.  Com.  'To  needna  be  afeard 
o*  gwei'n  through  the  leasow,  they'n  mogged  the  cow  as  'iled  poor 
owd  Betty  Mauus.'    A.S.  AfJeran^  to  terrSy. 

'  For  be  he  lowed  man  or  elles  lered. 
He  not  how  sone  that  he  shal  ben  afered* 

Chauceb,  G.  21,  L  12218. 

*  And,  bro)>er,  be  >ou  nou3t  aferd  ' ;  by  thenk  in  thyn  herte, 
|k)U2  )>ou  conne  nomt  ^e  Crede  *  kare  l^ou  no  more.' 

P.  PL  Cr.,  1.  130. 

'  I  have  not  scaped  drowning  to  be  afeard  now  of  your  foiur  legs.' 

Tempest,  11.  ii.  63. 

A-ferdeTor  trobelid,  K.  II.  P.).  Territus,  perterritiM  (turhaius,  per- 
turhaius,  K.  P.).  Forby,  in  enumerating  among  the  provincialisms 
of  Norfolk  the  word  afeard,  noticed  that  formerly  it  was  not,  as  at 
present,  synonymous  with  afraid. 

*  This  wif  was  not  afered  ne  affrayed;* — Chaucer. 

The  Harl.  MS.  indeed,  renders  both  aferde  and  afrayed  by  territus, 
but  the  reading  of  the  King's  MS.  agreeing  with  the  printed  editions, 
seems  preferable.  Aferde  or  trobelid,  iurbatus  perturhatus, — Prompt. 
Parv,  and  Notes, 

AFOBE  [u'foa'ur'].  (l)2?rc/?.  before;  in  front  of.  Com.  *Theerwuz 
the  chib  right  afore  ^e  'orse  an'  nobody  nigh,  er  dunna  know  whad 
fear  is.'    A,S.  at-fore,  before. 

B  2 


4  SHROPSHIllE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  They  him  saluted,  standing  far  aforeJ 

Sfensek,  Faery  Q.,  B.  I.  canto  x.  49. 

(2)  adv.  before ;  in  time  past  Com.  '  'Ks  bin  theer  a/ore  I  know, 
80  dunna  tell  me.' 

*  Ste.  ...  He  shall  taste  of  my  bottle :  if  he  have  never  drank 

wine  a/ore,  it  will  go  near  to  remoye  his  fit.' 

Temped,  U.  iL  78. 

AFTEBCLAP  [af'turldap*'],  sb.  an  unpleasant  outcome  of  some  affidr 
supposed  to  have  been  set  at  rest. — Pulvebbatch. — Qy.  com.  *It's 
al'ays  best  be  earful  an'  sen'  some  one  as  knows  thar  business  an' 
then  theer's  no  a/terdaps.* 

*  For  the  assaults  of  the  devil  be  craftie  to  make  us  put  our  trust  in 
such  armour,  bee  will  feine  himself e  to  flie ;  but  then  we  be  most  in 
jeopardie.  For  he  can  give  us  an  afterclap  when  we  least  weene,  that 
IS,  suddenly  retume  unawares  to  us,  and  then  he  giveth  us  an  afkr^ 
dap  that  overthroweth  us,  this  armour  deceyveth  us.' — LcUimef^M 
Sermons,  in  Wb. 

AETEBIKOS   [af-tur'inz],  sb.  the  last  milk  drawn  from  a  cow; 

— PULVEBBATCH.      Of.  DrippilLgB. 

AFTEE-MATH  raf*tur'math*1,  sb,  a  second  growth  of  grass  after 
the  hay  crop. — ^Newpobt  ;  l!LLES3fEBE.  A.8.  ce/ter,  after ;  and  A.S. 
base,  maii,  cognate  with  Lat.  metore,  to  mow.  Ct  Edgrow,  also 
Lattermath. 

AOATE  [u'gait*],  adv.  this  term  expresses  doing  or  beginning  to  do 
a  thing ;  and  is  generally  used  with  the  verb  '  get,'  but  not  always. 
— ^Wem  ;  Whitchtjech;  Cheahire  Border,  *  Whad  hau  yo  bin  agate 
on  P '    *  Yo  can  get  agate  o'  that  job,  as  soon  as  yo'n  a  mind.' 

'  I  pray  you,  Memory,  set  him  agate  agEun.' 

0.  P.,  V.  180,  inWa. 

Afih  has  the  word,  which  he  calls  local,    *  On  the  way;  in  a  state 
of  motion.'    A  gate  =  on  gate,  on  the  way. 

AOE  [aij'ly  V.  n.  to  grow  old  in  appearance.  Com.  'The  maister's 
beginniir  to  age  oncommon  fast,  an'  'e  inna  whad  yo'  met'n  call  so 
owd,  about  fif^,  or  fifty  sa'one.'    O.Fr.  aage;  Mod.^r.  age. 

AGEH  [u'gen*],  (1)  prep,  against.  Com.  *'E  fat  'im  a  girder  as 
sent  'im  o'er,  right  agen  the  bonk.' 

'  He  gripen  sone  a  bulder  ston. 
And  let  it  fleye,  ful  good  won, 
Agen  pe  dore,  )?at  it  to-rof.' 

Havdoh  the  Dane,  1.  1792. 

(2^  Opposite  to.  Oom.     '  Oud  it  up  a^en  the  light  an'  then  we  shan 
be  aole  to  see  w'eer  the  faut  is.' 

'  On  his  nth  shuldre  sw[i|']e  brith, 
Brithter  l^an  gold  a^eyn  Jto  lith.* 

Havdok  the  Dane,  1.  2141. 

(3)  Contiguous  to.  Com.    '  Lave  that  bouk  agen  the  pump  Veer  I 

ptit  it.' 

(4)  Averse  to ;  opposed  to.  Com.  *  *£  wuz  agen  the  weddin' altogether.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     5 

S\)  By ;  towards.  Com.     '  If  I  start  now  I  shall  get  theer  agen  the 
er.' 

(6)  oJv.  conj.  by  the  time  that ;  when.  Com.  '  Mind  an'  '&ye  the 
OTen  whot  ctgen  I  come  wham.' 

(7)  (idv.  at  a  future  time.  Com.  '  I  hanna  got  it  now,  but  III  gie  it 
yo'  agen'    A.S.  <igen;  commonly,  ongedn;  against. 

AOO,EAO,EEO,EOO  [ag*],  Pulverbatch.  [fag-  or  feg*],  Clee  Hills. 
[®^]>  Wem  ;  v.  o.  to  incite,  to  provoke.  '  Joe's  as  qiuet  a  fellow  as 
ever  wuz  aid ;  'e  didna  want  to  fight,  on*y  they  agged  'im  on.' 

AOWIHE  [n'gwei-n  corr.  u'gwa'yn],  part,  a-going. — Church 
Stretton.     *  Bin  yo  agwine  f ' 

AID  [aid*],  sb.  a  gutter  cut  across  the  '  buts '  of  ploughed  lands  to 
carry  off  the  water  from  the  *reans.' — Church  Stretton;   Cleb 

ATDLE  [aid'l],  acy.,  ohs.y^var. pr.  unproductive,  rotten  ;  addled;  said 
of  eggs. — ^Pulverbatch;  Worthbn.  'I've  'ad  despert  poor  luck 
56th  my  'en's  this  time.  I  set  three  66th.  duck  eggs  an'  two  65th 
thar  own ;  an'  three  parts  on  'em  wun  aidU.* 

AIDLED  [ai'dld],  part,  adj.^  var,  pr,  same  as  '  aidle.' — Clun.  See 
Kez*  to  nez*.    A.S.  ddl^  diseased,  corrupted,  putrid. 

AI0LE8  [aig'lzl  (1)  ah,  ph,  ohgA  spangles;  tinsel  ornaments  of 
a  showman's  dress. — Pulverbatch.  *Han  'ee  sin  Bessey  Pugh 
sence  'er's  comen  back  throm  Lunnun  ;  'er's  got  a  bonnet  as  shines 
aU  o'er  like  aiglea  on  a  showman.' 

(2)  9h.  pl,f  ohs.  scintillations  which  appear  on  the  surface  of  iron  pots 
when  removed  from  the  fire.  They  are  supposed  to  be  Lamillse  of 
Salts  of  Iron,  caused  by  the  decomposition  of  the  pots  by  the  gases 
from  the  fire. — ^Worthen.  'Mina  Veer  yo'  purn  that  marmint 
aw'ilde  the  tUglea  bin  on  it.' 

(3)  8h.  pi,  icicles. — Wem  ;  Elleshere.  '  It  must  a  bin  freezin  'ard 
i'  the  neet,  theer's  aigles  o'  ice  'angin'  from  the  aisins.'  Cf.  agglct 
acitf,  Prompt.  Farv,,  and  (iglet  in  Wedo.    Fr.  aguillette, 

AILZE  [ail'z],  ah,^  oba.l  form  of  'Alice.' — Pulverbatch. 

AIHT  [ain't],  sb,,  var.  pr.  aunt. — ^Worthen.    Cf.  Ifaint 

AISIH  [aizinly  sb.  the  eaves  of  a  house.   Com.     'Them  Jack- 

3 nailers  bin  buildin'  under  the  aisin  a^n,  I  see.'  The  singular  and 
ural  forms  of  this  word  are  used  mdiscriminately  for  'eaves;' 
though  in  some  districts  aisina  has  a  distinct  meaning  as  shewn  below. 
Cf.  Suiners. 

AISIHS,  eb.  pi.  the  drops  of  water  which  fall  from  the  eaves 
or  '  aiain.' — Shrewsbury,  Uffington  ;  Newport,  Shiffnal.  *  Mother, 
'ere's  our  Turn  standin'  under  the  aiaina  o'  purpose  to  get  wet.' 
*  Oud  yore  dack,  I  amma,  for  theer's  none  spottm\ 

AI8IH-SPASB0W  [aizin  spa'r'u'l,  ab.  Pania  domeaticvSy  the  common 
HouaMparrow.— Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch;  Wem. 

AI8IB&  [ais'tai^,  (1)  ab,^  obaola,  the  biick-work  forming  the  back  of 


6  SHROPSHIRE   WORD-BOOK. 

old-fashioned  fire-places,  against  wMch  the  polished  fire-irons  generally 
hang :  sometimes  it  is  *  spattled '  or  else  picked  out  with  white  lines  on 
a  black  ground.  See  Spattled  (2). — Fulverbatch  ;  Ellesmere. 
*  Wy  look  'ow  yo'n  coUowed  yore  face !  as  if  yo'd  newly  comen 
down  the  chimloy  and  kissed  the  aisterJ  Cf.  Backaister.  *As 
black  as  the  aister,*  is  a  phrase  employed  to  express  any  sooty,  grimy 
appearance.  Lambardd  in  his  Perambulation  of  Kent,  ed.  1596,  p. 
562,  says  that  this  word  was  in  his  time  nearly  obsolete  in  Kent, 
but  that  it  was  retained  in  *  Shropshyre  and  other  parts.'  See  for  this, 
aider  in  HaL,  ed.  1855.  O.Fr.  astrct  aiatre^  foyer;  chemin^e.  Mot 
d'origine  inconnue. — ^BuB. 

(2)  sb,  var,  pr.  Easter. — ^Pulverbatch  ;  Ludlow. 

AITCH  [aich*],  sb,  a  paroxysm  of  suffering,  as  in  cases  of  inter- 
mittent disoider ;  a  turn  of  illness.  Qy.  com.  '  They  tell'n  me  as 
poor  owd  Matty  Eoberts  is  mighty  bad.'  *  Aye  'er's  uset  to  these 
aitcheB  every  spring  an'  fall.'  Fainting-aitchea  are  attacks  of  faint- 
ness.  Hot  and  cold  aitches,  alternations  of  heat  and  ^liiH  in  feverish 
maladies. 

* "  Now  swete,"  seide  alisaundrine  '  **  seie  me  in  what  wise 
\>&t  \>n,t  hache  j^e  haldes  '  &  how  it  ]>e  takes  ?  " 
**  I-wisse,"  seide  william  *  **  i  wol  it  nou^t  layne, 
sum-time  it  hentis  me  wip  hete  *  as  hot  as  am  fiire, 
but  quicliche  so  kene  a  cold  '  comes  )>er-after." ' 

Wvlliam  of  Palerne,  1.  905. 

A.S.  Gec«,  ache ;  pain ;  ec«,  cece,  an  impleasant  feeling ;  an  ache. 

AITHEB  [ai'dhur*],  pron.  either. — Ludlow;  Newport.    Qy.  com. 
A.  8.  c^\>erf  either. 

*  Chese  on  aither  hand, 
Whether  the  lever  ware 
Sink  or  stille  stande.' 

Sir  Trietremy  p.  154,  in  Hal. 

AITBEDAF  [a'ytr'i'dan-'],  Pulverbatch  ;  Clee  Hills,  sb.  a  mad-cap 
frolic ;  a  foolish  prank.  '  I  warrand  yo'  bin  off  now  on  some  wild 
aitredan  or  other. 

ALD  ['.aul'd  and  :aud],  v.  a.  to  hold. — Corvb  Dale. 

'  Ouratus  resident  thai  schul  be. 
And  aid  houshold  oponly.' 

JOHJT  AuDELAys  PoemSy  p.  33. 

ALE  [ail-1,  ale.  Com.  [ai-h'l],  Ludlow,  Burford.  [eel- ;  yi'-u'l],  New- 
port.   iYa/Q'l]fCoB.TEl)AijR;  Bridgnorth,    [yu*l-],  Oorvb  Dale. 

ALE-HOOF  [ail-oof''],«ft.  NepSta  GlecJiomatgtoimd  ivy. — CorveDalb; 
Bridgnorth.  *  Ground  luy,'  sa3rs  Gerarde,  '  is  commended  against 
the  humming  noyse  and  ringing  sound  of  the  eares  being  put  into 
them ; '  as  '  a  remedie  against  the  Sciatica  or  ache  in  the  huckle  bone,' 
and  for  '  any  griefe  whatsoeuer  iii  the  eyes.'  After  relating  these  and 
other  'vertues'of  this  *herbe,'he  goes  on  to  say:  *The  women  of 
our  Northeme  parts,  especially  about  Wales  and  Oheshire,  do  tunne 
the  herbe  ale-hoof  into  their  ale ;  but  the  reason  thereof  I  know  not : 
notwithstanding  without  all  oontrouersie  it  is  most  singular  against 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     7 

the  griefes  aforesaid :  being  tunned  yp  in  ale  and  dmnke,  it  also 
pu^eth  the  head  from  rheumaticke  humors  flowing  from  the  brain.' 
—Herhall,  Bk.  IL,  p.  856. 

ALE-POSSET  [ail*po8'i't],  sh.  milk  curdled  by  pouring  <  old  beer ' 
into  it  when  at  boiling  point.  The  whey  strained  from  the  curd, 
spiced,  sweetened,  and  taken  '  piping  hot,'  is  considered  a  specific  in 
cases  of  cold. — Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  '  Jack,  you  had  better  take 
care  of  that  cold,  I'll  make  you  an  ale-posset  to  mght'  *  Thank  yo'. 
Missis,  that'll  tak'  car  o'  me,  nod  the  ooud.'    W.  poset,  curdled  milk. 

ALE-SCOEE  [ail'skoa'ur'],  sb.  a  debt  at  the  ale-house. — Shrbwsburt  ; 
PuLTERBATCH;  Ellesmere.  Qv.  com.  *  Tum's  a  cHyer  workman 
an*  gets  good  money,  but  agen  *e'a  paid  *is  ale-ecore  every  wik  theer 
inna  much  lef  to  tak'  wham.* 

*  JtuJc  Cade,  There  shall  be  no  money ;  all  shall  eat  and  drink  on 
my  wore.'— 2  K,  Henry  F/.,  IV.  ii  80. 

'  Score  a  pint  of  bastard  in  the  half-moon.' 

1  K.  Henry  /F.,  XL  iv.  29. 

^coordinff  to  Wedgwood,  score  was  originally  a  notch,  then  irom  the 
custom  of  Keeping  count  by  cutting  notches  on  a  stick,  account, 
reckoning,  number,  the  specific  number  of  twenty  as  being  the 
number  of  notches  it  was  convenient  to  make  on  a  single  stick; 
when  that  number  was  complete  the  piece  on  which  they  were  made 
was  cut  off  [Ft,  taillSe']  and  called  a  tally. 

'Jack  Cade,  And  whereas,  before,  our  forefsithers  had  no  other 
books  but  the  icore  and  the  ially^  tiiou  hast  caused  printing  to  be 
used.'— 2  K,  Henry  VI,,  IV.  v.  38. 

A.S.  seeran,  to  shear ;  to  cut ;  pp.  gescoren,  shorn. 

ALHALOHTJU)  fu'lal-untid],  eh,,  ohs.  the  time  of  the  <  Festival  of 
All-Saints,'  AU-nallows. — ^Worthin. 

'  Men  shulle  fpide  but  fewe  roo-bukkys  whan  that  they  be  passed 
two  )eer  that  thei  ne  have  mewed  hure  heedys  by  alhalwentyd*^ 
MS.  Bodl.  546,  in  Hal. 

'  Set  trees  at  alhallontide  and  command  them  to  prosper ;  set  them 
after  Candlemas  and  entreat  them  to  grow.' — Bay's  Frcverhs,  p.  40. 

ALL-ALOVO  [aul-u'lung-'],  phr.  from  the  first.— Ludlow.  "E'b 
bin  oomin'  oM  alung* 

ALL-ALOBTO-OH,  prep,  owing  to ;  in  consequence  of.  Com.  '  James 
France  ticed  the  poor  chap ;  it  wuz  all  alung  on  'im  as  'e  wuz  i'  the 
PubHc' 

*  Bot  if  it  is  along  on  me 
Of  l^at  ^  vnauanced  be, 
Or  elles  it  be  long  on  ^ov. 
The  so^  schal  be  proued  nov.' 
Jobs  Gk>WER  (a.d.  1393),  Confemo  Amawtis,  Bk.^V. 
Specim.  Early  Eng,^  xx.  L  55. 

A.S.  gdang,  along  of,  owing  to.    Cf.  Along  ofl 

ALL  AS  IS  IS  THIS,  phr.  it  comes  to  this. — Clun;  Herefd. 
Border.  *  Now  Turn,  all  as  is  ie  this  ;  if  yo'  dunna  stop  a-wham  an'  be 
tidy  I  man  lave  yo' !  so  now  yo'  knowen.' 


8  filHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

ALL  AS  OHE,  phr,  all  the  same.  Com.     *  It's  aU  as  one  to  me.' 
ALL-A-TOCK,  phr.  all  awry. — ^Wellington. 

ALLELTTIA  [ali'loo'^yu'l,  sh.  Genista  tindoria^  djer's  green-wood. 
— ^PuLYEBBATCH.    See  Cuckoo*s  meat. 

ALL  OF  A  POP,  phr.  swampy.  'That  theer  end  o'  the  yoid's 
aUofa  pop  wnth  hu^  neef  s  ram.' — ^Wem. 

ALL  OF  A  QVOB,  phr,  this  expression,  often  used  when  speaking  of 
bogey  land,  is  sometimes  also  employed  to  denote  that  peculiar  condition 
in  the  body  of  a  calf  or  sheep  which  has  been  struck,  x,e.  died  of  a  kind 
of  apoplectic  fit,  where  the  extrayasated  blood  can  be  felt  under  the 
skin  by  pressure  of  the  hand  on  the  parts  affected.    See  Ctuob. 

ALL  OHE,  phr,  same  as  All  as  one.  Com.  The  phrase  '  it  is  all 
one  to  me  *  is  seen  in  its  earliest  shape,  almets  an,  in  the  Legend  o/8i, 
Margaret  (A.D.  1200,  drca),  p.  6,  X  E.  T.  S. :  Sources  of  Standard 
English,  p.  116. 

ALL  OH*  EHD,  phr,  in  confusion;  disorder. — ^Ludlow.  'Them 
things  bin  all  on  end  agen,  I  see.' 

ALOVG-  [ulung'],  adv.  to  send  anything  '  along '  is  to  send  it  home, 
or  to  some  place  named. — Ohtjboh  Stsettok.  Qy.  com.  *  Shall  I 
send  the  mutton  alung  now,  ma*am  ? ' 

ALOVO  OV,  same  as  All  along  on.     Com. 

'  Her,  You,  mistress,  all  this  coil  is  long  of  jotjl* 

Mid,  Night's  Dream,  HI.  ii.  339. 

AXAISTER  [u'mais'tur'],  v,  a.,  ohsoU,  to  teacL — Clun,  Herefd. 
Border,  An  old  man  near  Leintwardine,  speaking  of  his  schoolmaster, 
said,  '  ^E  used  to  amaitter  me.  Sir.'  The  term  is  now  [1876]  rarely 
hei^ 

^  For  he  may  mode  amaistrye  •  .  .  .* 

Piers  PI.,  Text  B.  11, 1. 147. 
' .  •  .  .  oesse  shal  we  neuere 
Til  mede  be  \>i  wedded  wyf '  |>orw  wittis  of  ts  alle. 
For  we  haue  Mede  amaistried  '  with  owre  mery  speche.' 

Idem.  1.  152. 

AHSH-CLERK,  «&.,  obs.  a  parish  clerk.  Pegge,  under  'clerk,' 
Anecdotes  of  the  English  Language,  p.  318,  says,  '  Called  amen-<ilerk  in 
some  places,  and  in  Essex  church-derk,'  It  may  be  inferred  that  the 
term  '  amen-clerk '  was  used  in  one  j>lace,  at  any  rate  in  Shropshire, 
from  the  following  entry  in  the  Parish  Begister  of  Hopton  Castie : — 
'  Anno  Domi,  1636. 

'  Bichardus  Beb  Amendericus  sepultus  ma^  prime* 

AHPLE  [am'pl],  adj,,  pec.  complete,  perfect. — WvK.  *  It  wuz  all  in 
ample  order  agen  they  oomen  back.'    Cf.  Imple. 

AHPOT  [am'pu't],  eh.  a  hiomper. — Shbbwsbubt  ;  Pulvierbatoh  ; 
WoBTHEN ;  Ellbsmebe.  Qy.  com.  *  Poor  Dick  66d  think  it  a  poor 
Chris'mas  if  'e  didna  *\kre  is  ampot;  1  al'ays  start  it  toert  New 
y's  tit'  =  towards  New-year's-tide. 

AH*  [cui*]»  cot\f.  and.    Com.    A.S.  and. 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     9 

* 

' .  .  .  .  gode  lawefi. 
He  dede-maken,  an  ful  wel  holden.' — Havdok  the  Dane,  1.  29. 

AHCIENT  [ain'shimt],  adj.  precocious,  wise-like ;  said  of  children. 
Com.  *  Patty  wuz  a  mighty  nice  little  wench,  'er  went  about  things 
so  stiddy  an'  ancient,^  Oi  such  children  it  is  frequently  observed  that 
they  are  '  too  cmcient  to  live.' 


lunger  afore  VU  be  about  agen. 
occurs  in  Archhp.  Mlfrv^e  Vocabulary,  x  cent.,  and  Mr.  Wright  says 
that '  the  word  ancUow  continued  in  use  in  the  English  language  till  the 
fifteenth  century.'  See  Wr.  Yocabs.,  voL  i  p.  44.  Ander  is  probably 
a  corruption  of  this  old  form.    A.S.  ande,  andeo,  an  ancle. 

AHBIBOHS  [Bn'di'iiiiz\,8b.pl,job8ol8,  ornamental  iron  'uprights'  placed 
at  each  end  of  the  open  hearth  in  old  houses,  serving  as  rests  for  the 
two  iron  bars,  which  meeting  at  an  obtuse  angle  in  the  centre  of  the 
hearth,  support  the  logs  of  the  wood  fire. — Cltjn.  Andirone,  or,  as 
they  are  qmte  as  often  called,  andoga,  may  still  [1875]  be  seen  in  use, 
though  there  are  but  few  examples  of  them  remaining. 

*  1447,  item  a  pare  of  andirons,* — Pariah  Accounts  of  Ludlow.  *  One 
paire  of  landirons  headed  with  brass.' — Inventory  .  .  .  Owlbury 
Manor  House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 

* .  .  .  .  her  andirofis — 
I  had  forgot  them — ^were  two  winking  Cupids 
Of  silver,  each  on  one  foot  standing,  nicely 
Depending  on  their  brands.' — Cymodine,  U.  iv.  88. 

O.Fr.  landier,  Landiron  shews  the  Fr.  article  prefixed.  In  the 
Fr.  landier^  the  I  also  stands  for  le,    Cf.  Cobbits. 

AHSOGS  [andok's],  sb.  pi,,  obsola.  same  as  Andirons. — Clun.  For 
some  interesting  remarks  on  andirons  and  an  dogs,  see  Hal. 

AirEEVB  [u'neen'd],  same  as  Anind.— Newport. 

AHEW  [u'noo-],  same  as  Anew. — ^Pulvbrbatch.     Qy.  com. 

'  On  kneis  he  faucht,  feUe  Inglismen  he  slew ; 
Till  hym  thar  socht  may  feohtaris  than  anew.* 

Hekby  the  Mdtstkel  (a.d.  1461,  circa),  Wattace,  Bk.  I. 
Specim.  Eng.  Lit.,  vi.  1.  324. 

AHIOH  [u'nei-],  adv.  near. — ^Newport  ;  Wem.  *  The  doctor  never 
come  anigh.'  _ 

AHIND  [u'nind*],  adv.  on  end ;  upright. — Pulverbatch.  *  The 
mar  aived  [heaved]  'er  two  for^  fit  i'  the  ar  an'  stud  anind  bout  uprit, — 
'er  wuz  that  frangy.' 

AVOTHEE  OVESS  80ST  [u'nudhnir'gis'sor't],  phr.  a  different  sort ; 
generaUv  taken  in  the  sense  of  *  better.' — PcriiyERBATCH.  '  Ah  I  the 
poor  oud  Missis  wuz  OTMther  gis-sort  o'  body  to  'er  daughter-law,  'er'd 
al'ays  summat  to  'elp  out  a  poor  family,  but  this  'as  nuthin  to  spar 
flunmi  'er  finery.'  Ynri^ht  says  in  his  Prov.  Did.  *  another  guess '  was 
a  word  in  common  use  m  the  latter  half  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

'  H*as  been  a  student  in  the  Temple  this  three  years,  another  ghesB 
fellow  than  this,  I  assure  you.' — Durfey.  Madam  Fickle,  1682.. 


10         •  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

AVOW  [u'nou*],  adj.  plural  form  of  '  enough/ — Shrewsbury  ; 
PuLVEBBATCH.  *  Han  yo'  done  anow  o*  tatoes?  Yo'  know*n  as 
theer's  the  jiner  an'  'ie  lad  for  dinner.' 

'  He  kest  the  bor  doun  hawes  anowe, 
And  com  himself  doun  bi  a  bowe.' 

Sevyn  Sages,  921,  in  Hau 

*  Servile  letters  anow.* 

Milton,  a.d.  1644.  Areopagitica,  p.  40. 

A.S.  gendh,  sufficient.  According  to  Mr.  Oliphant,  gendh  gave  place 
to  innoh  about  A.D.  1120.  Forty  years  later,  about  1160,  the  com- 
bination 'oh'  began  to  change  to  that  of  'ou,'  and  innoh  became 
inou.    See  Sources  of  Standard  English,  pp.  71,  80.    Cf.  Anew. 

AXTT-TUHP  [an-ti'tump**],  sb.  an  ant-hill. — Clee  Hills.  '  'E  raved 
an'  tore  like  a  bull  at  a  anty-tump.' 

AHIIUST,  AHTTHGST  [u'nun-at].  Com.  [u'nungst],  Oswestbt. 
|)rep.  opposite  to ;  against.  Generally  used  in  combination  with  the 
word  *  right.'  '  If  yo'n  follow  the  rack  alung  that  green  leazow,  yo'n 
see  a  stile  right  anunsi  yo\  an'  theer's  a  fut-road  taks  yo'  straight  to 
'abberley,' 

'  And  right  anenst  him  a  dog  snarling-er.' 

Ben  Jonson  (a.d.  1610),  Alchymist,  Act  U. 

Anunsi  seems  to  be  merely  a  variety  oi anenst,  which,  though  recorded 
by  AjBh  as  '  obsolete,'  still  obtains  in  several  dialects.  A. 8.  anemn  = 
anefen,  which  see  in  Strat.    Cf.  Bight  forenungst. 

AWILE  [anvei'l],  sb.,  var.  pr.  an  anvil. — Church  Strbtton.  A.S. 
anfllt,  an  anvil. 

APPASN  [ap'ur'n],  sb.  an  apron.  Com.  'Poor  owd  Anna  wuz  a 
tidy  56man,  yo'  never  sid'n  'er  66th  a  dirty  cap  or  appam.* 

'.  .  .  .  And  therewith  to  wepe 
She  made,  and  with  her  napron  feir  and  wnite  ywash 
She  wyped  soft  her  eyen  for  teris  that  she  outlash.' 

Chaucer,  Beryn,  Prd.  31,  in  Wedo. 

O.Fr.  naperon,  grande  nappe. — Eoquefort.  O.Fr.  nape,  nappe;  de 
mappa,  avec  cnemgement  de  m  en  n. — Bur.  Mammla,  bearm-claS 
'  vel  rsBgl.  Archhp.  ^I/ri4i*s  Vocabulary,  x  cent,  in  Wr.  Yocabs.,  vol.  i. 
p.  26. 

Barmeclothe  or  naprun,  Limas.  The  MeduUa  explains  limas  to  be 
'vesUs  que  protenditur  ab  umbilico  usque  ad  pedes,  qua  utuntur  servi  cod  ei 
femine.    Anglice,  barm  cloth.' — Prompt.  Parv.  and  Notes. 

AFPABHTLE  [apmr'ntl],  sb.,  obs.'i  an  apron-fuL — Pulverbatch. 
•Weer'n'ee  bin  hdsin',  Peggy P  Yo]n  got  a  good  bum.'  'I'  the 
paas^ns  piece ;  theer  wuz  pretty  pickin',  I've  got  whad  yo'  sin,  an'  a 
good  appamtle  o*  short  ears,  as  Jack's  took  wham.'    Cf.  Hantle. 

APPLE-FOOT  [ap-l-fut'l,  sb.  an  apple  pasty  or  *  tum-over.' — ^Pulver- 
batch ;  Wem.  The  plural  form  of  the  term  is  *  applefit,'  but  it  is  a 
stroke  of  rustic  wit  to  caU  them  '  crab-toes,'  more  especiaUy  when 
sugar  has  been  sparingly  used,  and  the  apples  in  them  are  sour. 
They  are  often  given  to  '  the  men '  for  their  '  oait.'  '  Now,  Dick,  bin 
yo*  gwein  to  get  any  bayye  ? '    *  W  a'n  'ee  got  ? '     *  Appi^  /lU'    '  I 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.      11 

think  it^s  'bout  time  to  lave  off  them  crab'toeSf  now  theer's  a  war 
Ihcar]  fix>8t  o*  the  groun'.* 

AFSICOCK  [ai'pr'i'kok*],  sb,,  ohs.1  an  apricot. — Pulverbatoh. 

*  Feed  him  with  apricocks  and  dewberries.' 

Mida.  Nigkfa  Dream,  HI.  i.  169. 

'Apricot/  says  Mr.  Wedgwood,  was  'formeriy  apricocks  agreeing 
witn  Lat.  prcecoqiM  or  prcecocia.  They  were  considered  by  the  fiomans 
a  kind  of  peach,  and  were  supposed  to  take  their  name  from  their 
ripening  earlier  than  the  ordinary  peach.' 


AB.  [aaV],  (1)  «ft.  air.  Com.  *  'Ow  bin  'ee,  ma'am  1 '  said  old  A 
'  Better,  thank  you,  since  I  came  into  this  sweet  Shropshire  air/  '  Vm 
mighty  glad  to  'ear  yo'  say  so,  ma'am,  it's  right  good  owd  £ftshioned 
ar,  this  is.'  John  Speed  (a,D.  1676),  in  his  SfiropsJiyre  Described^ 
says,  'Wholsom  is  the  air,  delectable  and  good,  yeilding  the  spring 
and  the  autumn,  seed-time  and  harvest,  in  a  temperate  condition, 
and  affordeth  health  to  the  inhabitants  in  all  seasons  of  the  year. 
— Theatre  of  the  Empire  of  Great  Britain^  Bk.  I.  ch.  xxxviL  p.  71. 

(2)  ab,  a  hare.    Com.    Of.  Tare  (1). 
ASOTTE  [aar'-geu],  ah,  same  as  'argy'  (2). — Wbm. 

ASGTJPT  [aar'geufie'],  v.  n.  to  aigue.  Com.  'It's  no  use  yo'  to 
argufy,  for  yo'n  never  mak  me  believe  to  the  contrairy.' 

ABOT  [aaVgi*],  (1)  v,  n,  to  aigne;  to  discuss  persistently.  Com. 
'  It  dunna  si'nify  talkin' ;  I  'ate  to  'ear  folks  argy  throm  momin'  till 
night  about  nuthin*.' 

(2)  »b.  an  argument ;  a  contentious  discussion  pertinaciously  carried 
on.    Com.    '  We  'ad'n  a  fine  argy  'bout  it,  'im  an'  me.' 

(3)  [aar^'gi'],  tib.  an  embankment  made  to  protect  low-lying 
meadows  on  Severn  side  from  the  river  floods.— Shbewsbubt.  Mr. 
Hartshome  says,  '  an  embankment  between  Melverley  and  Uany- 
mynech,'  made  to  resist  the  overflowings  of  the  Severn,  was  known  as 
*uie  argy.* — Salopia  Antigua,  p.  306.  A  place  near  Kinnersley — a 
raised  bemk  with  a  plantation  of  poplars  and  other  trees — Shaving  a 
small  brook — the  '  strine '  on  one  side,  and  a  ditch  on  the  other — \b 
called  by  the  people  of  that  neighbourhood  '  the  argy*  W.  argae,  a 
stoppage ;  a  dam. 

ABLT  [aa-rli'],  adv.  early. — Shrewsburt;  Wem.     Qy.  com. 

'  Quhen  that  the  brjrcht  and  fi'esch  illumynare 
Uprisith  arly  in  his  fyre  chare.' 

Lancelot  of  the  Laih,  Prol.,  L  4. 

A.S.  irUc,  early.    Cf.  Yarly. 

ABH  [aaVnl,  v.  a.  to  earn. — Shrewsbury;  Wem.  Qy.  com. 
*  Whad  bin'ee  comen  wham  so  arly  fur  ?  To'  hanna  arned  yore 
money  I'm  sartin.' 

'  Fore  he  wyU  drynke  more  on  a  dey 
Than  thou  cane  lyghtly  ame  in  twey.' 

MS.  Aahmole,  61,  f.  23,  in  Hal. 


12  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

ABITESS  [aa  Vui'sl ;  same  as  Earnest,  q.  v.  Wek.  '  Arneste  or 
hanselle  or  emeet,   Strena;  Prompt,  Farv.    W.  erne$.    Of.  HanseL 

ABHIHS  [aa-r'ninz],  sb.  pi.  earnings.     Com* 

ABPIT  [aa'r'pit],  adj,,  ohsols.  quick ;  ready ;  precocious. — Pulvbr- 
BATCH ;  Craven  Arms  ;  Church  Stretton  ;  Ci«ee  Hills.  *  'Er  wuz 
sich  a  mighty  arpit  little  wench,  I  never  thought  'er'd  live ;  it's  sildom 
as  they  dun,  w'en  a  bin  so  cute.*  Arpit  =  M.E.  orped,  Orpud,  Audax  ; 
Prompt,  Parv.    Qi,  Ancient. 

ABBAHD  [ar^'und],  sh,  a  message ;  a  commission ;  an  errand.  Com. 
*  W'eer*8  Bill  ? '     *  Gwun  a  narrand  for  'is  Gran'  mother.' 

'  One  of  the  four  and  twenty  qualities  of  a  knave  is  to  stay  long  at 
his  arrand.* — HowdVa  English  Proverh$,  p.  2,  ed.  1660,  in  Hal.  AS. 
(krende,  a  message;  commission.  Bee  N  in  Grammar  Outlines 
{coMonanta), 

ABAABTB  [aT^nmts],  (1)  sb,  plural  form  of  'arrand'  with  per- 
mutation of  dtot.  Com.  '  I  like  little  Sally,  'er^s  so  nimble  on  'er 
arrants — dunna  let  the  grass  grow  under  'er  fit.' 

(2)  ah.  pi,  the  miscellaneous  contents  of  a  market-basket  after  beins 
at  'the  shops.'  Com.  Tve  a  good  tuthree  arratUa  to  tak'  wheon  ? 
that  basket  as  I've  soud  the  fowl  out  on.' 

ABRAWIG  faar'ni'wi'g],  sb,  an  earwig. — Clun,  Herefd.  border.  '  I 
conna  bar  them  nasty  arrat£^«.'    Arwvgyll,  worme.   Aurecdle,    This 

.  insect  is  called  in  Norfolk  erriwig^le. — Forbt.  Li  the  Suffolk  dialect 
arriwiggle. — ^Moore.  A.S.  e&rwigga,  vermis  auricularia.— Prompt, 
Parv.  and  Notes.    C£  Erriwig. 

.AimnffAW  raar''i'mun],  sb.  Triton  cresfafuSf  Crested  Newt. — 
Colliert.  The  primeval  drink  of  immortality  is  called  '  soma '  by 
the  Hindus,  and  *  haoma '  by  the  Zend  branch  of  the  Aryans.  The 
names  are  identical,  but  the  plants  which  produce  the  juices  so  called 
are  different ;  the  haoma  plant  grows  like  the  vine,  but  its  leaves  are 
like  those  of  the  jessamine  ;  the  Indian  soma  is  now  extracted  from 
the  AadSpiaa  Adda.  The  Iranians,  or  West  Aryans,  describe  two 
kinds  of  haoma,  the  white  and  the  yellow.  The  latter  grows  on 
mountains,  and  W£U9  known  to  Plutarch.  The  Parsees  of  India  send 
one  of  their  priests  from  time  to  time  to  Kirm&n  to  procure  supplies 
of  the  plant  for  sacred  uses.  The  white  haoma  is  a  fabulous  plant 
which  grows  in  heaven,  in  the  Youni  Kasha  lake,  in  which  lake  ten 
fish  keep  incessant  watch  upon  a  lizard,  sent  by  the  evil  power, 
Agramamyus  (Ahriman),  for  the  destruction  of  the  haoma.  This 
hostile  lizard  is  the  serpent  or  dragon  of  India. — Kbi^ly's  Indo^ 
European  Tradition  and  Folk^lorCf  pp.  137-8. 

ABRIVAVCE  [u'r'ei-vuns],  «6.,  obsA  arrival  of  company. — ^Pulvkr- 
BATCH.  *  I  spec'  they'n  be  wantin*  yo',  Betty,  to  'elp  'em  a  bit  at  the 
owd  Maister's,  I  sid  an  arrivance  theer  as  I  wuz  gwein  to  'unt  some 
barm.' 


*  For  every  minute  is  expectan 


ncy 
,IL  i. 


Of  more  arrivance.* — Othetto,  H.  i.  42. 

ABrSHOBS-LIP  [aa-r'shaur'n  lip-'],  sb.  a  deft  lip ;  a  '  hare-lip.'— 
Wsh;  Ellbsmsre.    SeeAr(2). 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC-      13 

AB-SHOTTEH-LIP  faai'shot-n-lip''],  'the  same. — ^Pulverbatch  ; 
Clttn.    See  Bk.  XL,  PoUdore,  &c,, '  SuperstitioiLS  conceming  Animala' 

AKTI8HB0W  [aai'trshi^oa*'],  eh.  Corsira  vulgaris,  the  Bhrew-mouse. 
— ^Bbidokobth.  Of.  NuBsrow.  See  Bk.  XL,  Folklore^  &o.»  'Super- 
fltitions  oonceniing  Animals.' 

AS  [u'z],  (I)  rd.  pron.  who,  which,  that.  Com.  *  I'm  sartin  it 
wnz  'im  cm  I  aid  oomin'  out  o'  the  '*  George." ' 

(2)  7>rep.  on,  upon.  Com.  *  'E  toud  me  they  wun  gweXn  theer  as 
nex'  Saturday,  r^y  for  the  Wakes.' 

(3)  conj,  that  Com.  '  They  sen  cm  the  crannaherries  hin  despert 
Bcaae  this  time.'  Used  also  in  combination  with  haw,  <  I  'eard  the 
Maister  tellin'  the  Missis  as  *aw  'e  wuz  gwein  to  Stretton  far  i'  the 
momin'.' 

(4)  V,  a,  has.  Com.  'I  sid  Jack  ^ein  t6ert  the  tatoe-slang ;  <u  a 
t^k  the  shareyil  56th  'im  dun  'ee  think  P '  As  ia  this  case  is  merely 
an  inslbEmce  of  the  general  usage  in  Shropshire  of  '  dropping  the  H,' 
but  is  noteworthy  as  being  the  form  used  by  Shropsnire'-s  poet-* 
the  blind  monk  of  Haughmond — ^in  the  fifteenth  century : 

<  That  hol6  cherche  as  bound  me  to, 
Qrawnt  me  grace  that  fore  to  do.' 

John  Audelay's  Poems,  p.  57. 

ASOAL  [az'gul],  same  as  Askal,  q.  v.  Much  Wexlogk. 

ASHEH-PLAITT  [ashni'n  plant*'],  sb,  an  ash  sapling  cut  to  serve  as 
a  light  walking-stick  or  '  cane.' — Pitlyebbatoh.  *  Whad  a  despert 
srode  lad  that  Tum  Rowley  is,  'e  wants  a  good  ashen-plant  about  'is 
'ide  oftener  than  'is  porritch.' 

<  His  ashen  spear  that  quivered  as  it  flew.' — Dbyden. 

ASIDE  [u'seid'],  adv.  beside.  Com.  *  Mighty  bad !  mighty  bad^ 
poor  young  66man,  'er's  got  the  pipus  [typhus]  faiver — the  fluency 
f influenza]  an'  'afe  a  dozen  plaints  aside.'  So  said  Sally  *  Eaizwil ' 
iKearstodt]  of  Longden,  1860  circa. 

ASIDEV  [u'sei'dn],  adv.  on  one  side.  Com.  '  To'  hanna  ptit  yore 
shawl  on  straight,  the  cornels  bin  all  asiden.* 

'All  <mding  as  hogs  fighting.' — Bay's  Proverbs,  p.  51. 

A8KAL  [os'kn'll,  sb.  Lophinvs  punctatns,  the  smooth  newt. — • 
Shbewbbttby  ;  Pulvebbatch.  *I  carried  up  a  barrel,  ma'am,  out 
o'  the  cellar  into  the  foud,  an'  as  I  turned  it  the  one  end  uwermost 
theer  wuz  a  askal,  an'  I  wuz  that  frittened,  but  I  'adna  squedge  it, 
ma'am,  so  it  'adna  'urt  me,  an'  that  made  me  think  as  askah  wuz 
more  innioenter  than  I  'ad  s'posed.'  So  said  Betty  Andrews  of  Cruck 
Meole  (June,  1872).    See  below,  Asker. 

ASKEB  [as'kui'],  same  as  Askal. — Xewpobt  ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmebb. 

'  Snakes  and  nederes  thar  he  faud 
And  gret  blac  tades  gangand. 
And  arskes,  and  other  worm^elle. 
That  I  can  noht  on  Inglis  telle.' 

Homilies  in  Verse  (a.d,  1330,  circa), 
Specim.  Early  Eng.,  VHI.  h.  I.  177.    - 


14  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

ABSAUT  [u'saut*],  (1)  sh.  attack,  assault.  Com.  'They  'n  'ad  'im 
up  for  assaut.' 

*  Many  a  cumly  Knight  *  &  of^er  kid  people 
On  euery  side  was  sett '  <uaute  too  make.' 

JT.  Aliiaunder,  L  263. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  attack,  assault.  Com.  '  'E  oMauted  me  as  I  was  comin' 
throm  the  com  fild.' 

' .  •  .  and  also  bewar  of  spendyng  of  yowr  stuff e  of  qwarellys, 
powdr,  and  stone,  so  that  if  they  oMaut  yow  er  we  come,  that  ye  have 
fituffe  to  dyffende  yow  of  over.' — Paston  Letters,  a.d.  1469,  toL  ii.  p.  381. 

O.Fr.  assaillir  attaquer;  d*oi^  assaille,  attaque,  assaut,  propr.  ad» 
taltus. — ^BuB. 

AST  [as't],  prei.  and  part,  past  asked. — Pulverbatch;  Clun, 
Here/d,  Border,  *  Is  the  Maister  gwe'in  to  the  far  P '    *  I  hanna  <ut  'im.' 

'  He  sent  for  me  and  ast  me  how  I  fared.  ...  a  toke  me  to  him 
and  <ut  how  my  suster  dede,  and  I  answeryd  wyll,  neyer  better.' — 
Paston  Letters,  a.d.  1454,  yol.  L  p.  302. 

Of.  A  (1)  with  a  toke. 

hSSOTf  [as-tou],  hast  thou« — Ludlow. 

'  sadde  sowes  for  mi  sake  *  suffred  astow  manye.' 

William  ofPaleme,  I  4724. 

C£  *  **  Canatow  semen,"  he  seide  .  .  .' 

Piers  PL,  Text  C.  pass.  vL  L  12. 

AT  [at*],  prep,  to.  Com.  '  Yo'  needna  be  afeard^  I  amma  gwein  to 
do  nuthm  ai  yo'.' 

*  Here's  ai  ye,  what  I  drink  won't  fat  ye.' 

Davy*s  MS.  in  Wk, 
A.S.  cef,  at,  to, 

AT-APTER  [u't  af -tur^],  adv,  and  prop,  after.  —  Pulvebbatch. 
<  Whad  time  did  John  com^ in  las'  night ? '  'A  good  wilde  at-after 
yo'd'n  gwun  to  bed.' 

'  At  after  souper  goth  this  noble  king 
To  seen  this  hors  of  bras,  .  .  .' 

Chatjceb,  0.  r.,  1.  10616. 

ATHATH,  ATHATN8  [u'dhatn],  Pulvebbatch;  Ludlow;  Wem. 
Qy.  com.    [u'dhat-nz],  shrewsbuby;  Newport,  adv,    C£  Thatn. 

ATHnr  [u'dhin*],  prep,  and  adv,  within. — Ellesmebe.     Qy.  com. 

ATHISIT,  ATHISNS  [u'dhis-n],  Pulvebbatch  ;  Ludlow.  Qy.  com. 
fu'dhis'nz],  Shbbwsbuby  ;  Newport,  adv,  *  Yo'  bin  despert  oukit  o'er 
that  bit  o'  knittin, — canna  yo'  put  the  nild  [needle]  through  the  stitch 
cUhisn  an'  nod  be'Ind  it  atnatn  9  That's  'ow  yo'  droppen  the  stitches 
off  the  mlds.'    Gf.  Thisn. 

ATHOTJT  [u'dhout'],  prep,  without. — Shbewsbuby  ;  Pulvebbatch. 
Qy.  com. 

ATHWABT  [u'thur't],  Cobvb  Dale,     [u'thwur't],  Much  Wenlock. 

A-TOP  [u'top-],  prep,  on  the  top ;  upon.     Com.     *  Tve  bin  lookin' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.      IS 

that  cork-screw  up  an'  down,  an'  fond  it  a~top  o'  the  cnbbert  shilf 
after  alL*    Of. 

'  One  heaved  a-highy  to  be  hurrd  down  below.' 

jBT.  Richard  II L,  IV.  iv.  86. 
See  A  (3). 

ATTES  [at-tii'],  prep,  after. — Clun  ;  Cleb  Hilm  ;  Welusqtos  ; 
Newport. 

ATWEEH  [u'tween*],  prep,  between. — Pulvkbbatch  ;  Ludlow. 

*  AUween  two  theevys  naylod  to  a  tre.* 

Lydgat€*8  Minor  Poems,  p.  263,  in  Hal. 

ATWIXT  [u'twik-st],  prep,  betwixt,  between.— Ludlow.  'The 
poor  chap  got  jammed  atwixt  the  waggons;  I  doubt  it  'U  be  a  bad 
job  for  'im. 

* .  .  .  seyng  that  such  money  as  is  spent  a  ttvix  yowe  is  but  wast- 
fiilly  expendid  and  to  non  use  vertuouse.' — Paston  LeUera,  aj>.  1460  ? 
ToL  i.  p.  520. 

Cf.  ~ 


A-TWO  [u'too-],  adv.  in  two;  asunder. — ^Newport;  Wem.  'The 
jug  fell  a  two  jest  as  I  wuz  'angin'  it  up.' 

'  Do  a-wei  )d  Maumetes  *  pei  han  trayed  |>e  ofte ; 
Let  broken  hem  a-two  *  an  bren  hem  al  to  pouder.' 

Joseph  of  Arimathiey  1.  103. 

A.S.  on,  in ;  and  twd,  two.    Cf.  A  (3). 

ATJF  [auf -],  ab.  a  simpleton ;  a  blockhead.  Com.  '  'E  took  me  for 
a  nauf,  but  'e  fond  'is  match.'  See  N,  in  Orammar  Outlines  (con- 
sonants).    Cf.  Oaf  in  Wbdo. 

AXTKERT,  Aujur.    See  Awkward. 

AULD  [anld*],  adj.  old,  used  not  in  the  sense  of  aged,  but  as  a 
fiimiliar  school-boy  epithet,  or  as  a  term  of  reproach. — ^Ludlow. 
'  'E's  a  re^lar  aiUd  bad  un.'    0.  Northimibrian,  aid,  old. 

AXTHTT  [aun'tiT,  (1)  adj.  quick,  ready,  bold,  venturesome* — 
Shbewbbuby,  UffingUm.  '  'E's  a  auntv  little  chap  is  our  Tum,  theer 
inna  much  as  'e  56nna-d-'^ye  a  try  nir.'  Aunty  is  connected  with 
O.E.  aunters,  adventures ;  deeds  of  daring  caUing  for  high  spirit  and 
ready  courage. 

'  Now  fares  FMLip  )>e  free  *  too  fonden  his  myght. 
And  attles  to  >e  Assyriens  *  aunteres  too  seeche.' 

K.  Alisaunder,  1.  109. 

Ash  has  auntrith,  ventureth,  an  'obsolete'  word.  O.Fr.  aventure 
terme  de  chevalerie,  pour  designer  des  combats ;  des  p^nls  extra- 
ordinairea — ^BuR. 

(2)  adj.  frisky,  mettlesome ;  said  of  horses. — Newpobt. 

AinrTT-PEATnrrT  [aun-tl'  pr'aunti'],  adj.  high-spirited,  proud.— 
Ellbsicebe.  '  "E's  a  aunty-praunty  fellow,  is  younff  John,  'E  65nna 
bar  to  be  pQt  upon.'  Tins  is  one  of  those  reduplicated  words  so 
often  employed  m  the  .rustic  speech  as  a  more  emphatic  form  of 
expression.  The  real  signification,  it  will  be  seen,  lies  m  the  first  half 
of  the  term,  which  seems  to  be  a  secondary  meaning  of '  aunty '  (1). 


16  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

AITSE  [aos'jy  same  as  Oit^  q.  v. — Clun;  Much  Wbnlook; 
Newpobt. 

ATJTEA.    See  Hal(er. 

AUVJS  [auv*],  sh,  the  handle  of  an  axe,  mattock,  or  pick.     Com. 
.  ' Dick  o6n  yo'  len'  me  yore  axe ? '     'I  canna,  lad ;  it's  at  tiie  vilrif a 

for  a  new  auve,^    This  term  is  a  corrupted  form  of '  helve.'     A.S.  hdf, 

helve;  handle. 

ATEN  [ai'vn],  Pulverbatgh;  CorvbDalb;  Clbe  Hills;  Colliebt. 
[av'h'n],  Ellesmebb,  a&.  prognostic;  latent  promise;  that  which 
contains  in  itself  the  element  of  some  special  excellence  or  nsefcdness. 
A  thriving  colt  would  be  a  good  aven  of  a  horse ;   a  stick  growing 

a 
sida 
my  brummock  56th  me,  Mr.  Jackson 
66d  a  bin  one  o'  'is  young  ash  less.'  '  Yo'd'n  better  pray  as  'e  dunna 
ketch  yo'.'    Of.  Even. 

AVEBXESS  [ai'vnli's],  adj,  shiftless ;  without  any  faculty  for  con- 
triving.— Pulverbatch;  Oswestry.  "Er's  a  poor  averdeis  wench 
'er  is."  Of.  Svenleas. 

AW  [au'],  sh,  ear  of  oats. — ^Pulvebbatch  ;  Clbb  Hills.  '  Eels  are  in 
season  when  oats  are  in  au;.'  Proverbial  saying  heard  about  Aston 
BotterelL  0£  arista,  epica,  an  aiv^ne  of  come,  an  ere,  or  a  glene,  in 
Prompt,  Parv.f  p.  18. 

AWAY  TO-00,  pJir,  away  with  you ;  away  he  went. — ^Wobthbn. 
*  Tak'  this  an'  away  to-go.^  A  young  kitchen-maid,  describing  the 
depredations  of  a  man-servant  on  the  pastrv  shelf,  said, '  It  wuz  Lucas . 
ma'am,  'e  comen  in  out  o'  the  'all  an'  took  some  o'  the  famcy  pies  an 
away  to-go,^  In  M.E.  to-go  =  he  went ;  Barbour  [1375]  uses  to-ga  =s 
dispersed,  as  a  past  tense. 

AWEB-OIJT,  phr.  in  full  ear.— Pulvbbbatoh.  'The  85at8  i'  the 
uwer  fild  bin  awed  out,  I  see.'    From  Aw,  q.  v. 

A-WHAM  [u'wu'm],  cuiv,  at  home. — Pulvebbatoh  ;  Ludlow.  Qy. 
com.  in  S.  Sh.  '  E  wuimsL-^'a-wJiam  w'en  the  men  gotten  theer.' 
A.S.  cet,  at,  and  Mm,  home.    See  A  (3). 

AWILDE  [u'weil-d],  (1)  adv.  whilst. — Shbewsbubt;  Pulveb- 
batch;  Ellesmebe.  'Now  then,  be  sharp  an  wesh  them  tuthree 
things  awilde  1  get  the  batch  i'  the  oven.' 

(2)  V,  w.  to  have  time;  to  wait— Shbewsbubt ;  Pulybbbatch; 
Wobthen;  Ellesmebe.  Qy.  com.  'Can  yo'  awilde  to  draw  the 
drink  P  The  men  bin  gwein  to  the  fild.'  This  term  is  more  often 
used  ne^tively.  '  I  canna-d-'aun7(2e.'  AwUe  also  obtams,  as  a  refined 
form.   *I  can't  awile,' — ibid. ;  OoBVE  Dale. 

AWKWABB  [au-ki't],  Much  Wbnlock.  [auk-ur't],  Com.  Fou-ki't], 
Pulvebbatch;  Chttbch  Stbetton;  Clun,  adj.  often  nsea  in  the 
sense  of  the  French  difficile  as  applied  to  persons,  '  otdeU  folks,' 

A^  AXE  [ak's],  v.  a.  to  ask.     Com. 


/ 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.      17 

'  For  I  vol  axe  if  it  hir  wiUe  be 
To  be  my  wyf,  and  reule  hir  after  me.' 

Chaucer,  E.  326  (Six-text  ed.) ;  Skeat. 

AJllnS  [ak'sinz],  ah,  pi,  the  banns  of  marriage.  Com.  *  Did'n  70' 
*ear  as  Turn  Ivans  an'  Fatty  Bowen,  'er  as  oomes  tbrom  the  tother  side 
Sosebry,  'ad'n  thar  aodns  put  up  i'  Church  o'  Whi'siin  Sunday  P  *  To 
he  axed  up,  is  to  have  the  concluding  banns  of  marriage  published. 
'  Te  send  me  woord  of  the  maryage  of  my  Lady  Jane  ;  one  maryage 
for  an  other  on,  Norse  and  Bedford  were  axed  in  the  chyrche  on 
Sonday  last  past.' — Faston  Letters,  A.D.  1472,  toI.  iii.  p.  46. 

BACHELOBS'  BTJTTOH  [bach'flur'z  but-n],  sb.  BeHis  perennis,  the 
'  Double  Daisy '  of  the  giurden.  Com.  When  flowrets  cluster  roimd 
the  parent  blossom,  the  name  Bachelors'  button  gives  place  to  that  of 
Hen-^nd^hickens, 

BACK-AISTEB  [bak-ais-'tur'],  sb.  the  b^k  of  the  grate  immediately 
behind  the  fire. — ^Newfobt,  Shiffnal,  '  Yo'n  got  a  face  as  black  as 
the  hack-lister.'    C£  Aister. 

BACKEH  [bak*n],  v.  a,  to  put  back ;  to  retard.  Com.  *  Missis,  we 
mun  hacken  dinner ;  the  Maister's  sen'  word  now  jest  as  'e  56nna  be  in 
at  the  time.' 

BACK-EirD  [bak-end-'],  sb.  the  latter  end  of  the  year.  Com.  *  We 
flha'n  'ave  time  to  do  aJl  them  little  jobs  to'erts  the  hack-end,* 

BACEEBTEB  [bak'ur'tur'],  adv.  further  back.  Com.  <  Shift  that 
lung  table  hackerter,  nigher  the  wall's  w'eer  I  want  it' 

BACKEBT8  [bak'ur'ts],  adv.  backwards.     Com. 

BACKEBTS  BOAD  OH,  phr.  wrong  way  before. — Newport. 

BACK-FBIKHD  [bak-fr'end],  eb.  a  hang-naiL     Com. 

BACKSIDE  [bakseid*],  sb.  the  yard  in  the  rear  of  a  house.  Com. 
'The  lan'lord  toud  me  as  I  should  '&ve  some  'en-pens  ptit  at  the 
backside ;  but  I  doubt  'is  promises  bin  like  pie-crusses,  made  to  be 
broken.' 

'Bobert  Hayward  sett  Balderton  Hall  and  all  his  lands  in 
Balderton,  except  his  antient  house  and  the  backside,  to  one  BancUe 
Cooke  a  CQieshiroman.' — Qotjoh's  History  of  MyddU,  p.  185. 

BACKBITOBE  [bak-si'foa-W],  adv.  wrong  side  before. — Newport. 

BAD  [bad*],  adj,  ilL  Com.  '  Mother's  bad,  'er  canna  spar  me  to 
gdd  to  schooL' 

BADE  pbaid'],  t;.  a.  to  bathe. — ^Wellington  ;  Wem.    Der.  '  bading.' 

BADGE  [baj*],  (I)  v.  a.,  obsols.  to  cut  wheat  with  a  broad  hook  called 
a  hadging^hook, — ^NEWPORT.  The  same  word  as  Bag,  q.  v.  Cf.  Swive 
and  Swivera. 

(2)  V.  n.,  obsols.  to  buy  up,  as  of  farm  or  garden  produce,  for  the 
purpose  of  selling  again. — Fulyerbatgh  ;  "V^m. 

'Balph,  the  eldeflt  son  of  Thomas  Guest,  was  a  sober,  peaceable 
man ;  his  imployment  was  buying  come  in  one  markett  towne  and 


18  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

selling  it  in  another,  which  is  called  hadgetng,^ — Gough's  History  of 
Myddhy  p.  115. 

BAPGEK  [haj'ur^],  sh,^  ohsols.  a  huckster ;  a  middle-man,  between  the 
wholesale  selling  farmer  and  the  town-retailer  of  fiBUin  produce. — 
Shbewsbttby;  Fulverbatch;  B&idgnobth;  Gluk.  |A  despert 
poor  markit  to-day,  the  badgers  wun  very  shy  o'  buyin'  an'  the 
townsfolks  '^d'n  it  all  their  own  way;  the  butter  went  as  low  as  a 
shillin',  i'  the  onder.' 

'27.  Item,  hit  hath  be  ysid,  the  Maire  of  Bristow  anon  after 
mighelmas,  to  do  calle  byfore  hym  in  the  yelde  hall,  or  counseill 
hous,  all  tiie  Bakers  of  Bristowe,  there  to  yndirstand  whate  stuff 
they  haue  of  whete.  And  after,  whate  sise  they  shall  bake,  and 
to  assist  and  counseil  theym  in  theire  byeng  and  barganyng  with  the 
BagerSy  such  as  bryngeth  whete  to  towne,  as  wele  in  trowys,  as  other- 
wyse,  by  lande  and  by  watir,  in  kepyng  downe  of  the  market* — 
Ordinance  of  the  Office  of  Mayor  of  Bristol,  temp,  Edw.  IV.,  A.D, 
1479,  English  Gilds.    E.  E.  T.  S. 

'  Cheer  up  your  drooping  spirits, 
And  cease  now  complaming, 
Although  You'ye  sufPer'd  hard, 
Still  fr^h  hopes  there's  remaining. 
You  see  the  com  is  falling, 
In  every  market  town,  sir, 
In  spite  of  roguish  badgers 
The  price  it  must  come  down,  sir. 
Then  thankful  be  to  Proyidence, 
Who  heard  our  wretched  cry. 
And  send  us  glorious  crops  of  grain. 
Our  wants  for  to  aup^^lj.^— Ola  Shropshire  Song, 

(2)  V.  a.  to  teaze ;  to  banter. — ^Ludlow.    Qy.  com.     *  'E's  al'ays 
badgering  some  one ;  never  'eed  im'.* 

BASGIHO-HOOK.    See  Badge  (1). 

BABIHG  [bai'din],  part  prea.  bathing. — ^Wellington  ;  Wbm.    See 
Bade. 

BADLY  [bad'li*],  adj.  sickly ;  ailing. — Newport.    This  term  is  not 
nearly  so  strong  as  bad,  in  the  sense  of  *  ill.' 


BAGOEV  [bag*in],  sh.,  si  A  the  farm-labourers'  luncheon.    An  im- 

E>rted  term  which  begins  to  supersede  the  old  word  *  bait,'  q.  v.— 
UDLOW, 

BAGOnr-BILL.    See  Bag,  also  Badge. 

BAIOLE  [baig'l],  sb.  an  opprobrious  epithet  applied  to  a  depraved 
woman.~PuLV£BBATOH;  Wem.  *'Er's  a  iiasty  bdigle,  that's  whad 
'eris.* 

'  Sir  To,  She's  a  beagle,  true-bied,  and  one  that  adores  me.' 

Twelfth  Night,  IL  iii  195. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.      19 

BAISTnrS.    See  Beestings. 

BAIT  [bait-],  Shrewsbury  ;  Wem  ;  Whitchurch,  [baayt-],  Pulver- 
BATCH ;  Worthen  ;  Ludlow,  [boit*],  Oswestry,  eh.  the  farm- 
labourers'  luncheon.  The  bayte  time  is  10  o'clock,  A.M.,  in  ordinary 
seasons,  but  in  harvest-time  there  is  onder^s  hayte^  from  4  to  5  o'clock, 
P.M.  *  Bin  yo'  aumust  ready  for  yore  wider* s  bayte  ? '  *  Aye,  as  soon 
as  I've  pGt  on  this  jag  o'  rakin's ;  it  oonna  'ardly  cover  the  ripples.' 

Among  the  accounts  of  the  bailiffs  of  Shrewsbury  is  a  paper  endorsed, 
*  The  byfl  of  expens  don  at  the  assyssys  at  Ludlow,  St.  Jamys  Yven, 
a*,  h.  viij.  xix.  (24  July,  1527).  Here  foUoweth  the  costs  don  then 
betweyn  the  town  and  Mr.  Veman.'  Among  other  items  is : — *  Paid 
at  Lebothod  (Le  Botwood)  for  Mr.  Bayleys  haytyng,  lid.'— O WEN  and 
Bulkbway's  History  of  Shrewsbury ^  voL  L  p.  307. 
Chaucer  uses  tiie  word  bayte  in  me  sense  of  to  feed. 

'  On  many  a  sory  meel  now  may  she  bayte,* 

Chaucer,  B.  466  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

Icel.  beita,  to  feed ;  to  make  to  bite. 

BAIT  BAG  [baayt-bag-n,  sh.  the  bag  in  which  the  farm-labourers 
carry  their  luncheon  to  flie  field.— Pulvbrbatch.  *  Axe  the  waggoner 
Veer  'e  pGt  'is  bayte-bag ;  if  'e  piit  it  i'  the  cofer  for  the  mice  to  ate, 
like  the  last'  *  Bag  and  bottle.'— i?oWn  Hood,  ii.  54,  in  Hal.  See 
BoUle  (1). 

BAEX-HUS  [baik-us],  sh.  a  building  detached  from  the  other 
domestic  offices,  containing  an  oven,  and  used  for  baking  purposes. 
The  back  kitchen  or  *  brew-'us,'  as  it  is  generally  called,  has  an  oven, 
and  usually  serves  as  the  bake- us, — Pulvbrbatch.  *  Put  them  bags 
o'  bran  an'  ^^urgeons  i*  the  bake-ua,  an'  lock  it  up ;  or  else  the  one 
'afe  *11  find  its  way  into  the  stable.'  See  Prompt,  Parv,,  p.  21.  A.S. 
baso-hus,  a  bake-house.    Cf.  Hue. 

BAKESTOmB'.  [bak-stwu'n],  «&.,  oUoU,  a  circular  plate  of  iron  about 
an  inch  thick,  naving  a  loop-handle  for  the  purpose  of  drawing  it  out 
of  the  iron  fiume  in  which  it  is  hung  over  the  fire  when  wanted  to 
bake  cakes  on.  Com.  The  bakestone,  though  still  occasionally  to  be 
seen  in  old  houses,  really  belongs  to  an  age  that  is  past.  *  Patch  the 
bak*stvmn  an'  PU  mak'  tuthree  barley  crumpits,  for  the  Maister  nor 
me  canna  ate  that  bread.  The'  loaf  as  Pve  jest  fatched  out  o'  the 
buttery  is  like  stir-puddin', — ^more  fit  to  be  ete  66th  a  sp65n  than  a 
knife.'  *  Barley  crumpets '  were  extensively  used  in  Shropshire  as  a 
substitute  for  bread  m  1817,  when,  in  consequence  of  the  unpre- 
cedented bad  harvest  of  the  previous  year,  sound  wheaten  flour  could 
not  be  obtained,  and  good  bread  was  not  to  be  '  gotten  for  gold.'  In 
the  month  of  October,  1816,  deep  snow  lay  on  the  harvest-fields, 
reaching  to  the  band  of  the  sheaves ;  much  of  the  grain  remained  out 
through  November,  and  was  not  'gathered  into  &e  barn '  until  the 
frosts  of  December  had  dried  it.  Such  is  the  account  given  by  one 
who  was  herself  an  eye-witness  of  the  snow-covered  corn-fields.  The 
same  person  saw  a  very  different  harvesting  just  ten  years  afterwards 
[1826],  when  wheat  was  carried  on  Mrs.  B^ynolds'  farm  at  Longden 
on  Jiuy  the  eighth,  and  most  of  the  farmers  in  that  neighbourhood 
had  finished  tiieir  harvest  before  the  end  of  the  same  month. 

0  2 


20  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

' To  go  like  a  cat  on  a  hot  hake  stone* 

Bay's  FroverhSy  p.  222. 

BALD  rb:aiild'],  adj.,  pec,  unfledged. — Shrewsbury,  Uffi^igton, 
'  Jack,  1  know  to  throstle's  nist  6dth  five  hold  young  un's  in  it.  I 
fund  it  this  momin'  on  the  road  to  school.*    GL  Fligg^y. 

BALD-COOT  [bauld'koot-'],  sh.  Fvliea  atra,  the  common  coot. — 
Bridqkobth.  Une  blarye,  glossed — a  balled  cote,  occurs  in  The 
Treatise  of  Walter  de  Biblestvorth,  dose  of  xiii.  cent,  in  Wr.  yocabe., 
ToL  L  p.  165. 

'  As  bald  as  a  coot,* — ^Bay's  Proverbs,  p.  220. 

BALD-BIB  [braulT^rb],  sb,  that  part  of  the  rib  of  pork  which  lies 
nearer  to  the  neck  than  the  spare-rib. — Shrewsbury,  Uffington; 
MuOH  Wenlook.  As  the  spare-rib  is  spare  of  flesh,  so  the  bald-rib  is 
bare  of  flesh.    Of.  Bpare-rib. 

BALE  [bail*],  v.  a.  to  raise  blisters  in  the  fleshy  as  by  a  sting,  or  the 
bite  of  an  insect — Shrewsbxtry  ;  Pttlyerbatch.  *  The  flen  han  bin 
on  this  poor  child, — jest  look  'ow  they'n  baled  'im  on  the  back.'  G£ 
the  foUowing : — 

'  Hwone  ^  bale  is  aire  hecst 
ponne  is  >e  bote  aire  necst 
f'or  wit  west  a  mon^  his  sore 
And  for  his  sore  hit  is  }>e  more.' 

Owl  and  Nightingale,  L  687. 

A.S.  balu;  bealu.    O.  Icel.  ^67,  bale;  misery;  affliction,  in  Strat. 

BALEISE  [bain's],  v.  a.  to  beat;  to  flog;  to  whip. — Pulverbatoh  -^ 
Colliery. 

'  *  '  *  As  I  a  childe  were 
And  baleised  .  .  .' 

Piers  PI,  Text  B.,  pass.  v.  L  175. 
0£Bellifle. 

BALK  [brauk*],  (1)  sb.  a  horizontal  beam  in  the  roof  of  a  bam. 
— ^PuLYERBATOH.  *  I  card  a  squake  o'er  mv  yed  w'en  I  wuz  throshin,' 
said  William  Eyans  of  Castle  Pulyerbatch,  '  an'  w'en  I  looked  up  I 
fiid  a  rot  gwe]Ln'  alung  the  balk  d6th  a  waizle  oudin'  on  to  the  scuft  on 
'is  neck ;  they  fellen  off  the  balk,  the  par  on  'em,  jest  as  they  wun,  on 
to  the  bam  flur,  an'  theer  I  killed  ^em  b5dath  65th  my  thrashaL' 
This  curious  incident  occurred  as  described. 

The  chimley  balk  is  a  great  beam  in  front  of  an  old-&shioned  fire- 
place, where  the  bacon  is  sometimes  hung  to  dry.  Obsols,  *  That  par  o' 
chawls  mun  be  shifted  throm  the  chimley  balk,  they  bin  gettin  quite 
raisty.' 

'  To  climben  by  the  renges  and  the  stalkes 
Unto  the  tubbes  honging  in  the  balkesJ 

Chaucer,  C.  T,,  L  3626. 

•  Bcdke  in  a  howse.' — Trabs.  Prompt,  Parv,  IceL  bdlkr,  a  beam ;  a 
partition* 

(2)  ib,,  ohsoU,  var,  pr,  a  bulk  or  projection  of  masonir,  as  the  oven^ 
laik,  ^  In  this  case  the  mouth  of  the  oyen  is  inside  the  house,  but  the 
oven  itself,  being  bmlt  outside,  projects  and  forms  a  balk, — ^Pulver- 
batoh;  TgT.T.T8ftV^|tTy,. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     21 

'  lago.  Here ;  stand  behind  this  lulh,^ — CHhdlo,  Y.  i. 
Cf.  Coriolanua,  U.  i.  225. 

(3)  ah.  an  old  hedge  bank  on  which  the  'qniok'  is  planted.— 
Newpobt.    IceL  bdlkr,  a  partition. 

(4)  A  space  left  imploughed  between  the  foirows,  the  result  of  bad 
ploughing.    Ck>m. 

*  SoUke  of  a  loude  eryd.' — Parca.  *  Crebro.  A  bailee  bitwvne  two 
forrowee.' — Parea,  'Vorat  furfur,  aratrmn  Tult  yerteri.  — MiD. 
Habl.  MS.  2261,— Prompt.  Parv.  and  Note$. 

A  hcUk  in  the  field  is  a  but  that  has  been  skipped  in  the  sowing ; 
such  a  balk  is  believed  to  portend  calamity  to  the  owner  of  the  fie&« 
'  I  see  theer's  a  balk  in  a  fild  o'  com  down  by  Steppiton,  I  dunna  know 
who  it  belungs  to,  but  it's  no  good  siffn  anyways,  theer'll  be  4Joth  i' 
the  'ouse  afore 'arr65st.'  Balkyn  or  ouerskyppyn,  omitto. — Prompt  Parv. 

(5)  V.  a.  to  leave  a  space  unploughed.  Com.  '  Sich  ploughin  as 
thiis  66nna  do  for  me,  the  one  'are  o'  the  groun's  balked.* 

*  But  so  wel  halt  nd  man  )>e  plogh,  l^at  he  ne  balke)^  6^r  wile.' 

Oow.  con/,  am.y  L  296,  in  Steat. 

'BalkvUi  or  to  make  a  balke  in  a  londe  (in  erynge  of  londe).' — 
Poroo.y  V.  F.  in  porca.,  Prompt  Parv. 

(6)  V.  a.  to  hinder  from  using ;  to  cause  inconvenience. — Ellesicerb. 
Qy.  com.  '  Fve  cut  the  end  of  m^  finger  aumust  off.'  '  Dear  'eart  I 
tmifs  a  bad  job ;  bein*  at  the  end,  it  '11  balk  you,  wunna-d-it  P ' 

BALLET  [balu't],  sb.,  var. pr,  a  ballad.    Com. 

'  But  thee,  Theocritus,  wha  matches  P 
They're  no  herd's  baHata,  Maro's  catches.' 

BOBEBT  BUBNS,  PoCTM,  p.  114,  1.  20. 

'  'E  toud  'er  not  to  mak  a  ballet  on  it,'  said  of  news  not  to  be  spread. 
A  '  *ole  »*  the  ballet '  is  some  part  of  a  song  or  story  forgotten. 

BALL-STOmS,  (1)  8b.  iron-stone  lying  in  balls,  found  above  the 
*  top  coaL'—OoLLiEBY;  M.  T.     See  Coal-Field. 

(2)  sb.  a  kind  of  limestone. — ^MucH  Wenlook. 

BALLT  [bali'],  {!)  sb.  the  belly;  the  old  pronunciation.    Com. 

*  A  great  boUe-fiill  of  benen  *  were  betere  in  his  wombe,  * 
And  wip  \>e  randes  of  bakun  *  his  baly  for  to  f^len.' 

P.  PI.  Cr.,  L  763. 
A.S.  bcdig,  idem,  properly  a  bag. 

(2)  $b.  a  litter  of  pigs.  Ck>m.  *  I  shall  keep  that  sow  on,  'er 
brought  ten  pigs  the  first  bally  an'  twelve  the  next,  an'  reared  'em 
all.'    Ofl  Farrow. 

(3)  V,  n.  to  erow  abdominous. — Pxtlyebbatoh  ;  Ellesmebb.  Qy. 
com.  '  'E  use  to  be  as  thin  as  a  red  yerrin ;  but  fiedth,  'e  bailies  well 
sence  'e  went  to  the  paas'ns.' 

BALLY-PBOTTD  [bal-i'pr^oud],  adj.  dainty ;  fastidious  in  respect  of 
food.  '  'E  wuz  welly  clemmed  wen  'e  come  to  me,  an'  now  'e's  got 
baUy'proud,*    See  aliove. 

BALLT8  [ball's],  sb.  pL  blacksmith's  bellows.    Qy.  if  restricted  to 


32  SUROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

this  sense. — ^Wem  ;  Ellesmere.   The  form  balyws  occurs  in  Tundale, 
p.  34,  Hal.    Of.  Blow-bellys.    See  Bellys. 

BAJTDS  [baandz],  ttb,  jyl.,  var.  pr.  banns  of  marriage. — Coluert. 
*  A  pit-girl  who  presented  herself  with  her  "chap"  to  "put  up  the 
hands"  confounded  both  parson  and  clerk  by  giyine  her  name  as 
Loice-Showd.  They  could  make  nothing  of  it,  and  had  to  defer 
publishing  the  banns  until  the  girVs  proper  appellation  could  be 
ascertain^.  It  proved  to  be — ^upon  making  inquiries  in  an  adjoining 
parish — Alice  liar  wood  ! '  This  is  by  no  means  a  solitary  instance  of 
the  ignorance  of  their  rightful  names  which  obtains  amongst  the  pit- 
folk  and  others  of  the  peasant  class.  See  Bk.  IL,  FoUdore^  &G., 
'  Nicknames  *  and  *  Simames.' 

BAHOEB  fbang'ur'l,  (1)  «&.  a  hard  blow.  Com.  '  I  gid  'im  sich  a 
banger  as  e  55nna  forgot  in  a  *urry.' 

(2)  sh,  a  three   'grained*  pikel  used  for   'gathering  scutch.' — 

WlIITCHTJECH. 

BAVO-SWAHO  [bang-swang-'],  adv,  without  thought ;  headlong. — 
Clee  Kills. 

BAHK  [bangk'l,  refined  pronunciation  of  'bonk/  q.  v.  A.S.  bane, 
a  bank ;  a  hillock. 

BAinCT-FIECES.    See  Bonky-pieces. 

BAWEBING  [ban'ur'in],  eh,  and  part,  adj.  perambulating  the 
parish  boundaxies. — Shrewsbuby.  See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &c., 
'  Customs  connected  with  Days  and  Seasons '  {Hdy-Thur^day), 

BAHinJT  [bann'ut],  sh.  Nuxjughins  regica,  a  large  kind  of  walnut. 
Com.  Banne-noU'tre  occurs  in  a  Metrical  Vocabulary  (perhaps),  xiv. 
cent.,  and  Mr.  Wright  remarks  on  it  '  This  is  by  much  the  earliest 
example  of  the  word  I  have  met  with.'  See  \Vr.  yocabs.,  vol.  i. 
p.  181. 

BAM'TERTban'tur'],  r.  a.,  j^c-  to  beat  down,  as  in  price. — Shrbwb- 
BURY ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmere.  Qy.  com.  *  Peggy,'  said  Richard  Price 
of  Welshampton,  *  IVe  bin  to  the  Baumur  after  that  pig,  but  they 
wanten  too  much  money  for  'iin.  I  sed  to  'Liza  Downes,  I  dunna 
want  to  banter  yo  down  in  price,  if  yo  thinken  yo  can  get  more  for 
'im  by  t^kin*  'im  to  Ellesmur  far' ;  t&k  'im,  I've  toud  yo  whad  I 
mane  to  give.'    Cf.  Bate. 

BAR  [baaTJ,  (1)  sh,  a  bear.  Com.  *  I  dunna  like  that  Australian 
bif,  yo  never  knowen  w'ether  it's  lion  or  bar  yo  bin  atin.*  So  said 
John  Cotton  of  Hanwood  [1873].    A.S.  bera,  a  bear. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  bear ;  to  tolerate.    Com.     '  I  canna  bar  that,  an'  whad's 
more,  I  d6nna  ave  it.' 

(3)  V.  a.  to  deprive  of. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch.     *  Oh  I  'er's 
sicn  a  fav'rit,  'e  canna  bar  'er  anythin'  'er  axes  fur.' 

*  Heaven  and  fortime  bar  me  happy  hours ! 
I>ay>  yield  me  not  thy  light ;  nor  night  thy  rest !  * 

King  Richard,  IV.  iv.  400. 

(4)  V.  a,  to  prevent.    *  111  bar  'im  gwi'in  theer.' — Cluk. 

(5)  [baar*],  v.  a.  to  claim  possession  or  privilege ;  to  make  choice 


OLOSSABT  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PBOYINCIAL  WORDS^  ETC.     23 

of.    The  term  is  used  by  children  at  play. — ^Ellbsmbbb.     'I  say, 
Bill,  I  bar  that  bat.'    Cf.  Barley,  infra. 

(6)  V,  a,  to  ignore,  as  of  a  bad  hit.  A  playground  term. — Clun.  Qy. 
com.     *  Oh !  we'll  bar  that.* 

(7)  adj.  bare ;  naked.    Com. 

BA2BIHE  [baaVbein],  sb.  Convolvtdzia  ArvensiSf  small  bind-weed. — 
Shbewsbuby,  ffanwood.    Cf.  Devil's  guts  and  Billy-Clipper. 

BAB-FUT  [baaVfut],  etdj.,  var.  pr.  having  the  feet  uncovered ;  bare- 
foot   Com. 

*  Praunceys  bad  his  brethem 
Bar-fot  to  wenden.'— P.  PL  Ct„  1.  594,  ed.  Wb. 

BAE-ITTF  CTJSTABD  [baaVfut  kus-tur't],  sh.,  ohsoU,%  a  'bystin' 
cuudard  not  enclosed  in  a  crust. — Ptjlvbbbatch.  '  We'n  mak  a  dish 
o'  har-fut  custart  66ih.  that  bystin  for  the  men's  supper;  it'll  be  a 
trate  for  'em.'    Cf.  Bystin  Custard. 

BABOE  [baaVj],  (1)  v.  n.  to  curve  outwards ;  to  bulge,  as  of  the 
sides  of"  a  tub,  a  wall,  &o.— Whitchubch,  Whtxall.  Ct  *Bulk'  in 
Wedo. 

(2)  ab.  a  term  applied  to  anything  large.  '  A  great  barge  of  a  thing.' 

— Whitohubch,  Whtxall. 

(3)  adj.,  obsoh.  large ;  protuberant.    *  A  great  barge-bdlied  thing.' — 

PULVEBBATCH. 

BABOS  [baaVggz],  irUerj.  a  schoolboy's  term.  Crying  harga  entitles 
him  to  a  short  withdrawal  from  a  game,  and  exemption  from  penalties 
that  would  otherwise  have  been  incurred. — Shbewsbuby. 

BABDT  [baaVi'n],  part,  laying  bare  the  stone ;  a  quarrying  term. 
— ^MiroH  Wenlook.    Cf.  Onbear. 

BABK  [baa'r'k],  v.  a.  to  kick  the  skin  off  a  person's  shins.  Com. 
'  'E  rawled  'im  about  shameful,  an'  barked  'is  shins  beside.' 

BARLEY  [baa-r'li'j,  v.  a.  same  as  Bar  (5),  q.  y.     Com. 

EY-CHIU)  [baa'r'li'-cheild'],  sb.  a  child  bom  in  wedlock,  but 


which  makes  its  advent  within  six  months  of  marriage.  The  meta- 
phor lies  in  the  allusion  to  the  time  which  elapses  oetween  barley 
wwing  and  barley  harvest, — Much  Wenlock,  Acton  BumeU, 

BABLIS  [baa-r'liss],  v.  a.  same  as  Bar  (5),  q.  v.  Com.    Clbb  Hills. 

BABM  [baa'r'm],  sb.  yeast.     Com. 

'  And  sometimes  make  the  drink  to  bear  no  barm.^ 

Mide,  Nighfa  Dream,  U.  ii.  8. 
A.S.  beorma,  barm;  yeast. 

BABVACLE8    [baaVnu'klzl,    (1)    sb.pl.    spectacles. — I^ewfobt. 
Barniques,  spectiEtcles. — Vocao.  de  Berri  in  Wedg. 

(2)  »b.  pL,  obsols.  an  instrument  applied  to  the  nose  of  a  savage  btdl 
to  subdue  his  violence.  Com.  The  oamades  are  somewhat  uke  the 
figure  of  8  in  form,  consisting  of  two  rings  connected  midwaj  by 
short  bars,  through  which  a  screw  passes.  The  upper  rin^  is  jomted 
in  the  centre,  while  the  lower  one  is  correspondingly  divided.    This 


24    .  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

is  put  into  the  bull's  nostrils,  and  held  there  by  the  screw  which 
serves  to  tighten  the  bamadea  at  pleasure.  The  upper  rinff  is  attached 
to  the  point  of  each  horn  by  means  of  a  chain,  thus  keeping  the 
lower  one  from  dropping  and  impeding  the  animal  while  graadng.' 
'  It  gies  the  btiU  plenty  &  do  to  think  on  'is  nose  w'en  the  barnacles 
bin  on/  said  Thomas  Cliffe,  the  'village  blacksmith'  of  TUstock, 
when  describing  the  instrument  and  its  uses  [Sept.  1874].  C£ 
'  Barnacles '  in  Wedo. 

BABH-DOOS-S AVAOE,  sb.,  si  1  a  clodhopper. — Shrewsbury. 

BABITISH  [baaVnish],  v,  n.  to  grow  stout  and  well-favoured;  to 
'  fill  out,'  as  youths  do  who  have  ceased  to  grow  in  height — "Pulter- 
BATGH ;  Much  Wenlock  ;  Wellinoton  ;  Newpokt.  *  I  spect  the 
young  squire's  lef  college :  'e's  as  tall  as  a  young  poplar,  an  as  thin 
as  a  pikei-stail ;  but  'e'li  barnUh  now  for  a  couple  o'  ears,  an'  mak  a 
fine  feUow.  I  'ope  VU  be  as  good  a  maister  an'  lanlord  as  the  owd 
un. 

BABBOW  [baar''u'],  sb.  a  child's  pinafore. — Shrewsbury,  Uffin^on. 
*  Oud  your  barrow,  Polly,  for  some  apples.'    Cf .  Brat. 

BABS-ABS  [baa*r'z  aaT'z],  sb.  pi.  bear's  hairs;  threads  of  filmy 
white,  fringmg  greater  masses  of  cloud,  said  to  betoken  some  sort  of 
weather ;  but  the  popular  mind  is  not  at  one,  whether  it  be  fair  or 
foul.— Church  Stretton  ;  Much  Wenlock. 

BASE-CHILD  [baisxheild],  sb,  an  illegitimate  child. — Worthen  ; 
Olun  ;  BRmGNORTH ;  Much  Wenlock. 

'  1689  Ezpences  at  y*  sealing  a  bond  to  saue  the  Jifh  [Justice] 
Barmely  from  a  bace  chUd — 00-01-00.' — Pariah  Accounts,  Olun. 

Ct  Iiove-ohild. 

BASK  [bask'],  t;.  w.  to  cough  asthmatically. — ^Wem.     'That  theer 
.   poor  oud  men's  very  bad,  'e'lL  sit  afore  the  filre  baskin*  an'  spittin'  all 
day  lung.' 

BASS  [bass'JL  sb.  a  slaty  substance  found  in  coal  which  will  not 
dnerate.    Com.    Called  '  dundick '  in  Derbyshire.    See  Coal-field. 

BASSET-END  f  bas'i't  end'],  sb.  the  end  of  the  workings  on  the  rise 
of  the  mine. — Colliery,  M.  T. 

BASTE  [baist'],  (1)  t;.  a.  to  sew  slightly ;  to  tack  together  the  several 
pieces  of  a  gannent  with  lon^  stitches  preparatory  to  more  permanent 
work.  Com.  "Er^s  put  mighty  slim  work  i'  this  gownd,  it  inna 
much  better  than  basted.* 

*  Bene.  .  .  .  The  body  of  your  discourse  is  sometime  yarded  with 
fragments,  and  the  guards  are  but  slightly  bcuied  on  neither.' — Much 
Ado  about  Nothing,  f,  i.  288. 

Cf.  Bom.  of  the  Bose,  104. 

*  Baste  couture  grossidre,  faufilure;  vb.  bastir,  aujourd'hui  bdtir, 
attacher  de  pieces  les  tines  aux  autres  en  les  oousant  a  grands  points ; 
de  I'ahaL  bestan,  raccomoder,  rapi^cer,  du  subst.  bast.' — ^BuR.  '  Bastyn 
clothys  subsuo;  sutulo.* — Prompt,  Parv.  O.H.  G^rm.  besten,  baste; 
sew,  in  Strat. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  flog ;  to  beat.   Com.     '  Tum,  Til  baste  yore  back  frir  yo 


«'B 


QLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     25 

in  another  'afe  minute  if  yo  duuna  be  quiet.  Wliad  bin  'ee  prokin 
the  ess  out  o'  the  grate  atnatn  fur  P  Tye  on'y  now  jest  claned  up  the 
fire-place.' 

'  Dro.  5.  •  •  I  think  the  meat  wants  that  I  haye. 
Ant,  8.  In  good  time,  sir ;  what's  that  ? 
Dro.  8,  BaiiingJ' — Comedy  of  Errors,  U,  ii.  69. 

Stmtt  mentions  Baste  the  hear  as  an  incident  in  games ;  a  form  of 
punishment  by  which  '  a  boy  couching  down  is  laden  with  the  clothes 
of  his  oompamons,  and  then  buffeted  by  them.* — Sports  and  Pastimes, 
p.  387,  ed.  1833. 

O.N.  heystay  to  beat ;  to  thrash.  Dan.  hoste,  to  drub ;  to  belabour, 
inWsDO. 

BAT  [bat'],  (1)  8b.,  ohe,^  a  kind  of  light  club  like  implement  used  by 
washerwomen  for  the  purpose  of  beating  the  clothes. — Much  Wbn* 
LOCK.    Shakespeare  has  batlet  for  the  same  thing. 

*  Touch  ...  I  remember,  when  I  was  in  love  .  .  . 
The  kissing  of  her  batlet  and  the  cow*s  dugs 
That  her  pretty  chapt  hands  had  milked.' 

As  You  Like  It,  U.  iv.  49. 

A.S.  bat,  a  bat ;  dub ;— of  Celtic  origin.    Cf.  Bat-staff. 

(2)  sb,  a   heavy  blow.— Whitchttech.     Qy.  com.  in   N.  Shr. 
gied  'im  sich  a  bat.' 

*  That  xal  be  asayd  be  this  batte  ! 
What,  thou  JhesusP  ho  3aff  the  that?' 

Coventry  Mysteries,  p.  296,  in  Hal. 

(3)  sb.,  si?  speed. — Shrewsbuky;  Whitchubch.  Qy.  com.  Of 
a  person  running  or  riding  as  hard  as  he  can  they  say,  *  '£'s  g65in  at 
a  pretty  bat.^ 

(4)  V.  a.  to  beat  with  force. — Shbewsbitrt  ;  Pulverbatch  ;  Whit- 
OHUBCH.  Qt.  com.  *  Folly,  afore  yo  make  that  door,  g66  an'  fatch 
a  box  o'  slack  to  rake  the  fire ;  an'  bring  the  shoyel  alung  65th  yo  to 
bat  it  down  well  as  it  shanna  bum  through.' 

^5)  «.  a.  to  strike  lightly;  to  tap. — Ludlow.  Mothers  bat  their 
children  in  playful  reproof.    The  expression  is  a  common  one. 

'  Battede  hem  on  )»e  bakkes  *  to  bolden  heore  hertea' 

Piers  PL,  Text  A,  pass.  iii.  1.  192, 
Qt  Pope's  '  Gkiy  pats  my  shoulder,  and  you  yanish  quite.' 

^6^  V.  a.  to  wink,  or  rather  to  moye  the  eyelids  up  and  down 
qiucady.  Com.  '  'E  bats  'is  eyes  like  a  louse  i'  the  ess.'  Cf.  Bate, 
a  term  in  falconry,  which  describes  the  similar  motion  of  a  hawk's 
wings  when  trying  to  get  away  from  *  fist '  or  *  perch.'  Fr.  battre  le$ 
ailes, 

BATCH  [bach*],  (1)  eh.  a  quantity  baked  at  one  time,  as  of  bread  or 
pies.    Uom. 

*  Aehil,  How  now,  thou  core  of  enyy  I 
Thou  crusty  batch  of  nature,  what's  tiae  news  P ' 

Troilus  and  Cressida,  V.  i.  6. 

'  Bahche ;  batche,  or  bakynge.'— Ptt^ura,  Pr<ympt,  Parv,    A.S.  bacan, 
to  bake. 


d6  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

(2)  sb,  the  quantity  of  com  sent  to  the  mill  for  one  grinding,  and 
the  quantity  of  flour  returned  from  it.    Com. 

*  Shrewsbury,  April  18,  1796. 
'  The  Inhabitants  of  the  United  Parishes  of  this  Town 
May  have  their  Com  Ground  at 
Kin^land  Windmill 
For  Sixpence  a  Bushel. 
N.B. — No  Toll  or  Gratuity  will  be  taken.    A  Cart  wiU  go  regularly 
through  the  Town  two  or  three  Times  a  Week  to  fetch  and  deliyer 
the  Batches:— Old  UandbiU. 

CI  GrUt. 

(3)  sK  a  lot  or  quantity  of  any  tiling ;  '  a  hatch  of  papers,*  letters,  &c. 
Com. 

BATCH-CAKE  [bach-kaik],  sh.  a  small  <  oven-bottom '  loaf  made 
for  immediate  use.  Com.  In  faim-houses  the  large  loaves  are  made 
in  two  P&i^>  ft  lesser  on  a  greater,  like  what  bakers  call  a  '  cottage 
loaf.'  The  hatch-cake^  on  the  contrary,  is  of  one  undivided  portion. 
'  We  mun  mak'  a  couple  o'  hatch-cakes  to  save  outtin'  the  new  bread, 
for  theer  is  but  a  cantel  o*  the  owd  left.' 

BATCH-FLOTJE  [bach-flour*],  sh.  an  inferior  quality  of  flour  for 
common  household  bread;  produced  chiefly  from  wheat,  though 
barley,  rye,  and  even  rice  are  sometimes  admitted  into  its  com- 
position.    Com. 

BATE  [bait],  r.  a.  to  remit;  to  lessen  in  price.  Com.  'Mate's 
desport  dear,  tenpence  a  pound,  tak'  it  or  lave  it;  *e  56dna  hate  a 
half-penny.*    Cf.  Banter. 

<  Laf,  Tes,  good  faith,  every  dram  of  it,  and  I  will  not  hate  thee  a 
scruple.*— ^//«  Well,  U.  iii,  234. 

*  Sic.  Sir,  the  people 

Must  have  their  voices ;  neither  will  they  haU 
One  jot  of  ceremony.* — CoriolunuSj  TL  iL  144, 

BATHED  [baidh'd],  part,  adj.,  ohsols.  sodden ;  underdone :  said  of 
meat.— PuLVERBATCH ;  Woethen;  CorveDale,  *  Betty,  your  fire*8 
bin  too  slow,  the  meat  isn't  enough,  it's  bathed  like  sometmn'  between 
roasted  an*  boiled.* 


lTHEB   [baadh-ur*],  v.  a.  to  tread  down. — Glee  Hills.     'The 
young  turkies  bather  the  mowin*  grass  sadly.*     Cf.  Father. 

BATHY  [baidh'i*],  adj.  same  as  Bathed. — Shrewsbury.  Cf. 
Beethey. 

BAT-STAFF  [bat-stu*f|,  ah.,  ohsA  same  as  Bat  (1). — Pulverbatch; 
Bishop's  Castle;  Clun.  *  In  the  Great  Chamber  .  .  .  twelve  bed- 
staves  with  a  battsta/e.* — Inventory  .  .  .  Owlbury  Manor-House, 
Bishop's  Castle,  1625.  Cf.  *  Batte-staffe,'  Perttculus  fustia  batillus  in 
Prompt.  Parv.  with  Way's  Note,  p.  26.    See  Buck. 

BATTEBrDOCE  [bat-ur'dok],  ah.  Rumex  obimi/oliu8f  broad-leaved 
Dock. — Ellesmere.  *  Beware  of  a  breed  if  it  be  but  a  batter-dock  *  is 
a  proverbial  saying  heard  about  Welshampton.  It  implies  the  need 
of  caution  in  dealing  with  persons  who  come  of  a  family  characterized 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     27 

by  'failings.'    Bay,  p.  82,  has— 'Beware  of  breed;  Cheshire,  I  e.  an 
ill  breed.' 

BATTEV  [bat'in],  sb.  a  truss  of  straw,  consisting  of  two  sheaves 
secured  by  bands  of  straw  round  the  middle. — Ellesmsre.  The 
term  is  used  in  the  singular  form  only.  Twelve  baUin  make  a  thraye, 
q.T.     Cf.  Boutin. 

BAUSOH  [baus-n],  sb.  an  over-corpulent  person.  Com.  *  Whad  a 
great  bauson  'e's  givun.' 

BAUTEBSD  [bau-tilr'd],  adj.  tangled  ;  '  unkempt : '  said  of  hair. — 
Ellesmere.    Cf.  Shakespeare's  *  boltered,'  signifying  *  clotted.' 

'  For  the  hlood-holtered  Banquo  smiles  upon  me.' 
Machethy  IV.  i.  123. 

BAUTEET  [bauth'r'i'],  ic/^.— Wellington. 

BAUTLN  [baut-i'n],  same  as  Battin,  q.  v. — Ludlow.    Cf.  Boutin. 

BAWKE  [baum'l,  sK  Melissa  oJicinaJis,  the  herb-balm. — ^Pulver- 
BATCH.  *  I  doubt  that  family's  mighty  bad  off,  the  poor  ooman  said 
'er'd  'ad  nuthin  but  a  drop  o'  hawme  tay  all  the  wik.'  '  Bamme,  herbe 
or  tre,  Balsamus  Melissa,^ — Prompt,  Farv, 

BAT  fbai'],  sb.  a  compartment  of  a  bam  used  as  a  storehouse  for 
threshed  straw,  or  grain  in  the  straw  before  it  is  threshed.    Com. 

•Earth 
By  Nature  made  to  till,  that  by  the  yearly  birth 
The  large-hayed  bam  doth  fill.* — Drayton  m  Wedq. 

C£  I>n2ice-liole. 

BAYLT  [bai'li'],  Shrewsbury;  Whitchurch,  [baayli'],  Pulver- 
BATCH ;  liUBLOW,  sb.  the  head  of  the  working  staff  on  a  farm;  a 
bailiff.  His  duties  are  very  multifarious :  he  gives  directions  to  the 
men  under  him;  where  &ere  is  not  a  shepherd  he  manages  Ihe 
flocks,  he  shears  the  sheep,  measures  hedges,  sows  broadcast,  leads 
the  field  in  harvest,  &c.  &c,  'Aye,  Bayly  'ere,  an'  Bayly  theer, 
as  if  I  coidd  be  i'  twenty  places  at  once.  1  dunna  know  who'd  be 
BaylyJ 

'  Seth  sekelar  men  schul  have  non  soulys  in  kepvng ; 
And  pytton  here  personache  to  ferme  to  a  baylej 

John  Audelay's  Poems,  p.  33. 

* .  .  .  Abraham  Puller,  of  Edgboulton  . .  .  was  a  long  time  Bayly  to 
my  kdy  Corbett,  of  Acton  Beyner,  alias  Acton  Reynold.* — GtouoHS 
History  of  Myddle,  p.  73. 

*  Ther  nas  haillif,  ne  herde,  ne  other  hyne, 
That  he  knew  his  sleighte  and  his  covj'ue.' 

Chaucer,  The  Prologue^  1.  603,  ed.  Morris. 

Hie  hallivus,  a  bayl^.  Nominale,  xv.  cent,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i.  p.  211. 

BAZ  [baz'l,  V.  a.  to  beat ;   to  thrash. — Wem.     *  Young  chap,  I'll 
baz  yore  back  if  yo  binna  sharp.'    Cf.  Baste  (2),  also  Best. 

BE  [bi'*],  an  intensitive  prefix,  as  2«-fanglo,  &e-spattle,  &c.     Com. 
BEAX  [bi'-u'm],  sb.,  var.  pr,  a  beam  of  wood. — Pulverbatch; 


28  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

CoRVB  Dale;  Wem. — Qv.  com.    'The  'onse  is  despertlow,  an'  a 
great  hedm  across  the  kitchen  as  yo'  mef  n  knock  yore  yed  agen.' 

BEAH-HAULM  [bi'h'n  aum*'].  See  Hanlm.  The  general  pro- 
nunciation of  bean  is  that  of  the  fractured  diphthong  as  noted  aboye, 
though  it  may  be  heard  occasionally  as  hane. 

BEAB  [baer''],  ^5.  the  large  block  of  sandstone  forming  the 
hearth  or  base  of  the  furnace  on  which  the  molten  iron  rests.  '  After 
being  subjected  to  the  great  heat  of  the  iron  it  becomes  metamor- 
phosed, and  represents  a  hard,  solid  block  of  stene  mixed  with  iron 
m  one  heterogeneous  mass,  when  it  is  pulled  out  and  called  the 
fumace-feear.' — Collibky,  Iroii-works, 

BEABD  rbi'aa'r'd],  (1)  sb,,  var.  pr.  the  beard. — Pulverbatch.  Qy. 
com.  *  The  beara  won't  pay  for  the  shaving '  is  a  proverbial  saying 
.  analogous  to  the  French — *  Le  jeu  ne  vaut  pas  la  chandelle,*  *  P^ggy* 
4  the  l^dster's  ^d  me  that  owd  ^edgerow  atween  the  barley  bonks  for 
tatoes,  if  Til  nd  it ;  but  I  'ardly  tmak  the  hedrd  HI  pay  for  the  ehavin'J 
*  Well,  John,  puttin'  one  thing  anunst  another,  I  think  it  561 ;  theer*s 
some  good  owd  stoTils  in  it  as  56d  mak'  us  firein*  for  'afe  the  winter.' 

(2)  V,  a.  to  thicken  the  lower  part  of  a  hedge  by  putting  thorns  into 
it.— Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  As  the  top  of  a  hedge  is  *  brushed,' 
60  the  lower  part  is  hearded^  by  putting  the  *  brushings '  into  the  thin 
places.  '  Pve  tined  the  glat,  an'  bearded  the  bottom,  so  as  the  pigs 
canna  proke  through.' 

BEA8  [bi'u'ss],  sb.  pL  beasts,  meaning  cattle.     Com.     Cf.  Bests. 

BEAST  [bi'u'st],  sb,,  oar,  pr.  an  animal  of  the  bovine  species.   Com. 

BEAST-LEECH  [bi'u'st-leech-],  sb.  a  cow-doctor,  a  hedge-farrier. — 
Pulverbatch;  Church  Strettok;  Bridgnorth.  Qy.  com.  in 
S.  Shr. 

*  One  Peter  Braine,  an  excellent  Beast-Leech,^ — Gough's  History  of 
Myddle,  p,  120. 

'  Also  that  it  lyek  yow  that  John  Mylsent  may  be  spoken  to,  to  kep 
well  my  grey  horse,  and  he  be  alyve,  and  that  he  spare  no  met  on 
hym,  and  that  he  have  konnyng  lechys  to  look  to  hym.' — Pastan 
LetterSy  A.D.  1470,  voL  ii.  p.  413. 

Cf.  Cow-leech. 

BED-HILLIH'  [bed'il'in],  sb.  the  covering  of  a  bed;  usually  a 
'home-made'  quilt. — ^Wem. 

'  I  remember  the  soldiers  fetched  bedding  from  Newton,  for  the  use 
of  the  soldiers  there.  [Abright  HusseyJ  They  tooke  onely  one 
coarse  bed  hilling  from  my  father.' — ^Gough's  History  of  Myddle,  p.  8. 

BED-OF-BEEF,  sb,  the  flank ;  in  the  living  animal  the  intestines 
lie  on  it  as  on  a  bed — ^hence  its  name. — ^Newport.    Qy.  com. 

BEEF  r^eef],  sb,,  pec.  an  ox  or  cow  intended  for  slaughter. — Clun. 
They  kill  a  hee/sLt  Clun  only  once  in  three  months.  A  butcher  explained 
as  a  reason  for  this  flSTo]  that  the  inhabitants  of  Clun  were  '  a  very 
oukit  sort  of  folk,'  who  would  probably  not  buy  the  meat  if  provided 
for  them  at  their  own  doors,  though  they  would  willingly  *  send  for 
it  all  the  way  from  Bishop's  Castle ! '    Cf.  Fr.'  un  boeuf,    ^oe 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.      29 

BEESTni'-CnSTABD,  sh.  <  beestings '  flayoured  with  spice,  sweet- 
ened, and  baked  in  a  dish  lined  with  paste.  C!om.  G£  Baxfut- 
custard. 

BEESTIHOS  fbees'tinz],  Kbwport  ;  Ellesmbre.  [bais*tinz],  Shrews- 
BUBY.  [bwaysti'n],  Clun.  [bi'-sti^nz],  Pulverbatch  ;  BRiDGiroRTH, 
$h,  the  milk  taken  from  the  cow  immediately  after  calving.  It  is  of 
a  peculiar  richness,  and  has  the  property  of  thickening  when  cooked, 
as  ordinary  milk  does  with  the  addition  of  eggs.  Ash  has  beestings, 
which  he  calls  a  corrupted  spelling  of  hieMinga,  A.S.  beost,  by  stings, 
Ger.  biest-milcK   See  'beestings'  in  Wedq.  der.  '  beestin'-custard,'  &c, 

BEESTUr-PTTDDIirO,  sb.  < beestings'  made  into  a  batter  with 
flour,  to  which  are  added  sugar  and  carraway  seeds ;  then  tied  in  a 
doth  and  boiled. — ^Ellesmere.    Qy.  com. 

BEEIH  [beedh-],  v,  n.  to  decay ;  to  wither. — Corvedale. 

SEETHED  [beedh'd],  (1)  part,  past,  decayed ;  withered. — ibid, 
(2)  same  as  Bathed,  q.  y. — ibid» 

BEETHY  [beedh'i'J,  (1)  adj.  dank ;  sodden :  said  of  fallen  leaves. 
— Craven  Arms;  Clun. 
(2)  adj,  sodden ;  underdone :  said  of  meat. — ibid.    Of.  Bathy. 

BEETLE  j^beet'l],  sb.  a  heavy,  iron-bound  wooden  mallet,  used  for 
driving  iron  wedges  into  wood  for  the  purpose  of  splitting  it. — 
.   Craven  Arms;  C^itn. 

'  There  goes  the  wedge  where  the  beetle  drives  it.' 

Bay's  Proverbs,  p.  167. 

'  Betylle,  malleus,* — Prompt.  Parv.    A.S.  byU,  a  mallet.    Cf.  Mall. 

BEFA90LED  [bi'fang-ld],  same  as  Fangled,  q.  v.— Wem.     See  Be. 

BEOOABED  [beg-ur'd],  part.  adj.  impoverished :  said  of  land 
that  has  been  '  let  down '  from  want  of  manure  and  tillage.    Com. 

BEOOABLT  [beg'ur'li'],  adj.  poor,  as  applied  to  land.  *  Beggarly 
land '  is  land  that  wiU  not  yield  welL    Com. 

BEOOAB'S-HEEDLE,  sb.  Scandix  Pecten,  Venus  comb.— Well- 
ington. 

BKrtArirJSfl  [bi'apn],  ado.  perhaps;  like  enough.  Com.  ' Be*- 
appen*  says  Jack  Dallow,  'is  a  saying  current  about  Bridgnorth.' 
See  Bk.  II.,  Folkhre,  &c.,  '  Popular  and  Proverbial  Sayings.'  Cf. 
XayhappexL. 

BETiTTTR  [bi'leik-],  same  as  Behappen. — Shrewsbury;  Much 
Wbnlook;  Wem. 

'Thys  sediciouse  man  [Isaiah]  goeth  also  forthe,  sayinge,  .  .  • 
Thv  wyne  is  myngeled  wyth  water.  Here  he  medeleth  witn  vinteners, 
be  like  ther  were  bruers  in  ^ose  dayes,  as  ther  be  nowe.' — Latimsr, 
Sermon  iii.  p.  86. 

BELL  [bel-],  v.  n,  a  shortened  form  of  bellow,  applied  to  cattle. 
Not  common. — ^MuoH  Wenlock.  A.S.  bellan,  to  roar;  to  bellow. 
CI  BeUock  (1). 


30  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

BELL-HOME,  sh.^  ohs,  the  leader  of  a  string  of  pack-horses. — 
CoRVB  Dale.  The  hell-horae  was  so  named  from  its  carrying  a  bell 
attached  to  its  neck,  the  sound  of  which  serred  as  a  guide  to  the 
others  along  the  dark,  winding  roads  which  they  traversed,  while 
laden  with  charcoal  or  other  produce.  As  late  as  1840  or  there- 
abouts— perhaps  later  stills-strings  of  pack-horses  might  have  been 
seen,  presenting  a  striking  and  picturesque  appearance  as  they 
threshed  their  way  through  rough,  stony  tracks,  their  bridles  gaily 
decorated,  and  conducted  by  men  of  gipsy-like  mien.  See  *  Bell- 
horses,  hell-haraeSy  what  time  of  day  ?  * — Bk.  11.,  Folklore,  &c., 
*  Games.' 

BELLISE  [bel'i'ss],  v.  a.  a  corrupted  form,  of  baleise,  q.  v. — ^Ludlow. 
The  term  is  not  common. 

BELLOCK  [bel-u'k],  (I)  v.  n,  to  bellow;  to  roar.  Com.  "Ark 
the  cow  helloch'n* ;  *er  wants  'er  cauve,  see  'ow  *er  elder's  pounded, 
poor  thing.'    See  Bell. 

(2)  t\  n.  to  cry  vociferously.    Com.     *  We  maden  *im  g56  to  school, 
'is  faither  an'  me,  an'  'e  hellocked  all  the  r5ad  as  'e  went. 

BELLYS  [beli'ss],  sh.  bellows. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch  ;  Clun. 

'  Jeremiah,  blow  the  fire ; 
PufP,  puff,  puff; 
Beat,  Jack  ,*  strike.  Turn ; 
Blow  the  hdlys,  old  man.' 

Children's  Doggerel  Verse. 

'j  par  de  helwes*  is  mentioned  in  a  deed  relating  to  the  Fastens 
before  A.D.  1444. — Paston  Letters,  vol.  iii.  p.  419. 
Cf.  Ballya.    See  Blow-bellys. 

BELLT-YEHOEAirCE  j^beM' ven-junss],  sh.  weak  beer.  Com. 
'  Pretty  'arr55st  drink,  mdeed !  w*y  it  inna-d-a  bit  better  nor  belly' 
vengeance.' 

BELOWHDEB  [bi'lound'ar'l,  sb.  a  noise  as  of  something  heavy 
faUing. — Pulverbatch.  *  Jest  after  we  wenten  to  bed  las*  night  I 
'eard  sich  a  helovmder ;  an'  whad  should  it  be  but  one  o'  the  cheeses 

.    'ad  tumbled  off  the  shilf.' 

BELT  [bel-t],  v,  a.  to  beat;  to  castigate. — Shrewsbury;  Wbm. 
Qy.  com. 

BELTEE  [bel-tur'],  sh.  anything  of  an  extraordinary  size. — ibid, 
'  My  5dns,  whad  a  belter  ! '  said  a  gardener,  on  digging  up  an  im- 
mense potato.    See  Belt,  so  also  Banger  (1),  q.  v.  from  Bang. 

BEHNET  [ben*i*t],  ah,  Pimplnella  Saxi/raga,  common  Burnet- 
saxifrage. — ^Graven  Arms,  Stokesay,    Cf.  Old  man's  plaything. 

BEBTT  [bent-],  (1)  sh,  a  strong  spiked  grass-stalk.  Com.  In  various 
parts  of  Shropshire  several  species  of  grass  are  distinguished  as  5«n^, 
not  one  of  which  is  the  *  Bent-grass '  of  botanical  authors ;  aci,  for 
instance,  Alopecurus  pratensis,  ^foadow  Fox-tail-grass ;  and  Phleum 
praiense.   Cars-tail-grass.     The  peasant  children  pluck  bents,  and 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.      31 

fashion  them  into  coronets  and  other  pretty  (|naint  devices.  They 
employ  them  also  as  threads  upon  whicn  to  strmg  wild  strawberries. 
The  term  is  generally  used  in  tne  plural  form. 

'  June  is  cbrawn  in  a  mantle  of  dark  grass  ^en ;  upon  his  head 
a  garland  of  benU,  king-cups,  and  maiden-hair.* — Feacham^  p.  419, 
inWB. 

*  Hoc  gramen,  A'  bent.* — English  Vocabulary ,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr. 
Tocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  191.  Mr.  Wright  observes  of  this,  *The  word  bent 
was  applied  usually  to  the  long,  coarse  grass  growing  on  the  moors, 
but  often  in  a  more  general  sense  to  grass  of  all  kinds.'  O.H.  Gbrm. 
binttZf  a  bent,  in  Stbat.    Gbrm.  binse,  rush ;  bent-grass. 

(2)  sb.  the  declivity  of  a  hill ;  a  hollow  in  a  hill. — Corye  Dale  ; 
Much  Wenlock.  HayUm^s  Bent  is  an  example  of  this  application  of 
the  term. 

'  And  downward  on  an  hil  under  a  benie, 
Ther  stood  the  temple  of  Marz,  arraypotente.' 

Chauceb,  The  Knightes  Tale,  1.  1123,  ed.  Morris. 

BEBE  [bee'ui'],  (1)  sb,  Hcn'deum  vulgare,  white  square  winter 
barley,  four  or  six  rowed. — Corvb  Dale.  *  Hoc  esaaticum  An"  here.' 
— Pictorial  Vocabulary y  xv.  cent,  in  Wr.  vocabs. ,  voL  i.  p.  264. 

'In  1124  the  new  form  bcerlic,  our  barley,  replaces  the  old  bere, 
which  still  lingers  in  Scotland.' — Sources  of  Standard  English,  p.  64. 

A.8.  bere,  barley. 

(2)  sb„  obsol^,  a  piQow-case.— Bishop's  Castle  ;  Clun.   This  term  is 
now  [1876]  very  rarely  heard.    Ash  has  it,  ed.  1775. 
^  *  The  Brushing  Chamber,     One  fayre  Presse.     In  the  Seid  Presse, 
eight  paire  of  flaxen  pillow  beares,  one  course  Pillow  beare.    Inventory 
. . .  Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625.' 

'  For  in  his  male  he  hadde  a  pilwebeer, 
Which  that,  he  seide,  was  oure  lady  veyL' 

Chauceb,  The  Prologue,  L  694,  ed.  Morris. 

'iij  fyne  i>elow  beres^  are  named  in  Dame  Elizabeth  Browne's 
Will,  A.D.  1487. — Paston  Letters,  vol.  iii  p.  464. 

BEBBIV  [baer'i'n],  sb.  a  burying ;  a  funeral.  Com.  '  Theer  wurz 
a  power  o'  folk  at  the  owd  Squire's  berrin,'  A*S.  beorgan,  to  cover 
over. 

BBSHATTEB  [bi'smat'ur'],  r.  a.  to  daub ;  to  dirty. — ^Wbm  ;  Ludlow. 
A  corruption  of  the  old  form  besmotter, 

BE8M0TTEB  [bi'smot'ur*],  v,  a,,  ohsols.  to  smear  or  daub  with  mud 
or  other  sticky  dirt. — ^Whttchuboh,  Tilstock,  The  word  is  now  [1877] 
only  heard  occasionally  amongst  old  people. 

*  Of  fustyan  he  werede  a  gepoun 
Al  bysmotered  with  his  habiergeoun.' 

Chaucer,  The  Prdogue,  L  76,  ed.  Monis. 

Ash  gives  as  '  obsolete '  besmoUrid,  besmutted ;  bedawbed.  Jamieson 
baa  besmottridy  bespattered ;  fouled.  A.S.  besmitan,  to  besmut ;  defile. 
Do.  smodderen^  to  dirty ;  daub. 


32  SHROPSHIllE  WORD-BOOK. 

BESMUJiOE  [bi'smuj-],  v.  a,  to  smear;  to  soil ;  to  daub. — Shrews- 
BURY.  *  WV,  Tummy,  w*eerever  ban  yo  bin  to  beamudge  yoreself  all 
o'er  atbatns  f  *    Shakespeare  has  btsmirch  in  a  similar  sense. 

*  Our  gaypess  and  our  pit  are  all  besmirched 
With  rainy  marching  in  the  painful  field.' 

K.  Henry  V,,  IV.  iii.  110. 

BESOM  pbee-zum].  Com.  [beznim],  Ludlow,  Bur/ard.  [biz'um], 
Clttn,  ih,  a  broom  made  of  but^h  twigs. 

*  They  have  need  of  a  heesom  that  sweep  the  house  with  a  turf.' 

Ray's  Proverbs,  p.  78. 
A.S.  besem,  besm,  a  besom ;  a  broom. 

BESPATTLE,  BESPOTTLE  [bi'spati],  Wem.  [bi'spot-l],  Ludlow, 
V.  a.  to  bespatter.    Ct  Spattle  (1).    See  Be. 

BESSY-BBHr-TAIL  [besi'  br'i'n  tail-],  sh.  same  as  Brand-taU,  q.  v. 

Clum",  Twiichen, 

BESTED  [bes-ti*d],  (1)  part,  adj.,  si  A  cheated;  overreached — what 
is  understood  by  the  slang  term  'done/  A  word  often  heard  in 
markets  and  fairs.  Com.  '  I  changed  sid  [seed]  65th  owd  Medlicott, 
but  'e's  bested  me ;  mine  wuz  good  six-rowed  com  as  'e  'ad,  an'  this 
poor,  lathy,  lean-eared  stuff  651 'ardly  gie  the  sid  back' 

(2)  t5.  beaten  at  any  game ;  defeated.  Ck)m.  '  Charlie  Grice  an' 
me  wun  '&yin  a  game  at  "Jack-stones,"  but  I  bested  'im  quick:  'e 
inna  much  of  a  'and  at  it.'  Jamieson  has  *best,*  struck;  beaten; 
which  he  refers  to  'baist,'  to  oyercome.  IceL  beysta,  ferire.  Of. 
Baste  (2). 

BEST-HITS  Jl)est-U8],  sb.  a  cow-house.— Clun,  Herefd.  Border.  Cf. 
pronunciation  of  Beast  above.    See  Hus. 

BESTS,  ab.  pi  hoaat&.'-ibid.    CI  Beas. 

'  Li  which  that  poure  folk  of  that  village 
Hadden  her  bestes  and  her  herbergage.' 

Chaucer,  E.  201  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 
O.Fr.  beste,    Lat  bestia. 

BET  AND  BUBN,  v.  a.,  obsola.,  this  phrase  designates  an  agricultural 
process  adapted  to  the  improvement  of  rough  grass  land.  It  consists 
of  paring  on  the  surface  soil  witii  an  implement  called  a  *  betting-iron,' 
collecting  it  into  heaps,  burning  it,  and  when  in  a  charred  state 
digging  it  a  spade's  depth  into  the  ground. — Pulverbatch  ;  Worthkn. 
'Ifs  a  rough  plack,  out  I'm  gwein  to  bet  an^  bum  it;  the  turf  ess  is 
capital  for  tatoes.'  A  field  on  the  'Huglith  Farm'  is  called  the 
Bdtin'  LeasoWy  from  having  been  treated  in  the  manner  above  de- 
scribed about  the  year  1804.  Betting  and  burning  is  still  [1871]  prac- 
tised in  the  neighbourhood  of  Minsterley. 

A.S.  b^n,  to  improve ;  to  make  better.  Cf. '  Beat,'  E.  D.  S.,  B.  vi.y 
also  *  Denchering,'  in  Hal.    See  Betting-iron  below. 

BETTER  [bet'ur'],  adv.,  pec.  more.     Com.     '  Better  than  a  mile/ 

BETTEBLT  [bet-ur'li*],  adj.  superior.  Com.  '  Turn  Roberts  is  a 
tidy  young  chap,  'e's  got  the  ^xden  in  a  betterly  condition  than  'is 
£uther  'ad.' 


QLOSSABT  OF  AECHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     S3 

BETTERM08T  [betnir'miist],  (1)  adj.  best.  Com.  'Betiermosi 
sort  of  folk.' 

(2)  adj.  used  to  express  in  excess  of;  more  than.  Com.  'Well, 
Mary,  *ow  feure  did'n  *ee  sen*  yore  naint  ? '  *  W'y  the  bettermost  'afe  o* 
the  way.' 

BETTIVO-IROH  [bet-i'n  ci'ur'n],  fh,,  ohsoU,  the  implement  nsed  to 
pare  off  the  turf  in  the  process  of  '  betting  and  burning,*  as  related 
aboTO.  A  description  of  the  *  flaying  spade,*  further  on,  taken  from 
eye  testimony  and  actual  measurement,  will — on  the  authority  of  one 
who  knew  the  betting-iron — ^apply  equally  well  to  it. 

BETTT-00-TO-BED-AT-SOOn,  sh.  Omithdgalum  umhdlatnm, 
common  Star  of  Bethlehem. — Ellesmebe.  This  plant  owes  its  local 
name  to  the  circumstance  of  its  flowers  closing  about  mid-day.  Sir 
William  Hooker,  in  his  *  British  Flora,*  says,  **  Linnaeus  imagines  that 
the  roots  of  Omithogalum  umbellatum  are  the  *  DoTes*  Dung  *  which 
was  sold  so  dear  at  the  siege  of  Samaria,  as  mentioned  in  2  £ing8  tL 
25.  They  are  still  much  used  for  food  in  the  Levant. '*  Cf.  Peep- 
o'-day. 

BET-WELL  [bet*wi*l],  sb.  the  wicker,  bottle-shaped  strainer  placed 
over  the  spigot-hole  within  the  maJsh-tub,  to  prevent  the  grains 
passing  through  into  the  wort— WELLIN0T017;  Whitchttbch,  WhixalL 
Cf.  Pooch  (1). 

BETWIZ  [bi'twik's],  prep,  betwixt ;  between. — Shbewsburt  ; 
PtTLYEBBATCH.  '  *£r*s  a  mighty  pretty  'eifer ;  yo  66nna  see  a  better 
bdwix  this  an  'ereford.*    Cf.  Atwizt. 

'  He  seith  he  can  no  diflerence  fynde 
Bitwix  a  man  that  is  out  of  his  m3mde 
And  a  man  which  that  is  dronkelewe.' 

Chauceb,  C.  494  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

'  And  he  wold  fayne  have  a  resonable  end  hetwyx  us,  whcr  to  he 
wyll  helpe,  as  he  seythe. *—P(M<on  Letitrs,  A.D.  1479,  vol.  iii.  p.  266. 

*Mr.  Oliphant  says  that  the  0.£.  betweox  appears  for  the  first 
time  as  betwix  in  the  Peterborough  Chronicle,  drawn  up  in  the  Mid- 
land speech  of  1120.  That  about  the  year  1250  Layamon*s  poem  was 
turned  into  the  English  of  the  day,  and  betwyx  became  beiwixU.^ — 
Sources  of  Standard  English ^  pp.  58 — 153. 

BE2IZLE  [bez'l],  i;.  r?.  to  drink  hard ;  to  sot. — PtrLVZRBATCH ;  Wel- 
uiroTOK. — Qy.  com. 

'  They  that  spend  their  youth  in  loitering,  bezzJing,  and  harlotting.' 
— ^Milton  (a.d.  1641),  Animad.  upon  Eemons.  Def, 
See  Bezasle  in  Hal. 

BBZZLEB  [bez-lur^],  sh.  a  toper;  a  Boi.—ihid.  "E's  a  reglac 
bezzler.'' 

'  Oh  me  !  what  odds  there  seemeth  *twixt  their  cheer 
And  the  swoln  bezzle  at  an  alehouse  fire.* 

Halts  Satires,  v.  2  (a.d.  1597),  in  Hal. 

BIB8TEES,  eh.  pi.,  obs.  ale-sellers. — Shbewsburt. 

'That  the  BailifEs  should  make  Serjeants  for  whom  they  could 
answer,  the  Seijeants  to  account  for  issues  and  estreats  of  coui-ts,  and 

D 


34  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

Bihtiera*  fines  eyery  quarter.'    (Orders  issued  by  the  Corporation  aad 
selected  from  Exchequer  books.) — Fhillifs'  History  of  'ShrewBhury, 
p.  161. 
Cf.  Texuors. 

BIF  [bi'ff'l,  sb.f  var.  pr.  beef.  Com.  *  'E  made  a  great  mistake — 
liked  Tail  [yedC]  better  nor  6t/,'  was  said  of  one  who  married  the  niecv 
instead  of  the  aunt. 

BIO-SOBTED  [big-sauT'tid],  adj.  proud;  stuck-up.  Com.  They 
say  of  such  a  person,  '  'E's  as  hig^aorted  as  ess.' 

BHiBEBBY  [bil'br'i*],  sb.  Vaccinium  Myrtillus,  whortleberry. — 
Wbllinoton;  Wem. 

'  There  pinch  the  maids  as  blue  as  hiJlmrry* 

Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  V.  T.  49. 

*  Billberries  .  .  .  are  termed  whortleberries  or  windberries.* — 
Academy  of  Armory^  Bk.  ii.  ch.  v.  p.  81. 

See  *  BUberry '  in  Wedg.    Cf .  Wimberry. 

BILE  [bei'l],  sb,  a  boil.  Com.  Mr.  Halliwell  says  bile  is  'the 
^nuine  word.  It  is  foimd  in  the  early  editions  of  Shakespeare,  and 
m  most  early  writers.' 

*  Laid  to  as  a  cerot  with  pitch,  it  resolueth  pushes  and  bilesJ — 
Holland's  Pliny,  xx.  13  (a.d.  1634). 

Cf.  Bwile  (2). 

BILL  [bil*],  ab,  a  bill<hook ;  a  sickle-shaped  implement,  having  a 
handle  about  five  feet  in  length,  which  admits  of  its  being  used  with 
both  hands.  It  is  employed  for  rarious  agricultural  purposes — reap* 
ing  peas,  'brushing'  hedges,  &c.,  &c.    Com. 

* .  .  .  although  it  Dee  but  a  pickaviU,  Atrouse  bill,  or  a  clubbe  staff/ 
— Gk)U0H'8  History  o/Myddle,  p.  35. 

'Sc3rkhes  and  sneads,  hedge-bills,  and  broad  hooks.' — Audioneer'i 
Catalogue  (Stoddesden),  1870. 

*  Fcdcis,  wudu-bil,  sij>e,  rifter.' — Latin  and  Anglo-Saxon  Glosses,  xL 
cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  ii.  p.  35.  Hoc  falcastrum,  a  bylle.  Nominale, 
XT.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i  p.  235. 

Cf.  •  Much  Ado,'  III.  iii.  44.    See  Bag. 

BILLY-BAT,  sb,  Pleiotxis  communis.  Long-eared  Bat. — Pulverbatch  ; 
Church  Strett(^.    '  Billy-bat  come  under  my  'at.'    Cf.  Hat-bat. 

BILLY-BITEB,  sb.  Paras  caeruleus,  the  Blue  Titmouse. — Bridgnorth. 
From  the  furious  way  in  which  the  female  bird  *  bites '  the  fingers  of 
bird-nesting  boys  comes  the  appellation  Billy-biter, 

BILLT  BLACKCAP,  sb,  Pyrrhula  rubicella,  the  Bullfinch.— Bridg- 
north.   Cf.  Bud-nope. 

BniLY-BUTTON,  same  as  Bachelor's  button,  q.  v. — ^Ellesmerb. 

BILLY-CLIPPEB,  same  as  Barbine,  q.  v. — Fulverbatoh. 

BILLY-HOOTEB,  sb,  Sumium  AMco,  common  Brown  OwL — Clun. 
Cf.  Oolert. 

BILLY  WHITETHBOAT,  same  as  Pegg^  Whitethroat,  q.  v.— 

Bridonobth. 


OLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC   AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     85 

BDI  [bin*],  (1)  been ;  are.    See  Orammar  Ontliiies  verb  '  To  Be.' 

'  And  wisking  Mary-buds  begin 
To  ope  their  golden  eyes ; 
With  every  thing  that  pretty  bin 
My  lady  sweet,  arise.  * 

Sang  in  Cymbdine,  U.  iii. 
*  Blushes  that  bin 
The  burnish  of  no  sin, 
Nor  flames  of  ought  too  hot  within.' 

Crashaw  (first  half  17th  cent.),  in  Nabes, 

(2)  ib.  a  oom-coffer. — Newport  ;  Ludlow. 

'  The  word  binna  occurs  in  a  deed  of  the  year  1263,  in  Chron.  W. 
Thom»  1912,  where  it  signifies  a  receptacle  for  grain.' — Way. 

'  Wei  oowde  he  kepe  a  gemer  and  a  bynneJ 

Chaucer,  The  Prologue,  L  693,  ed.  Morris. 

A.S.  bin,  a  manger.    Cf.  Gofer,  also  Cub  (1). 

BJJIilS  [beindz'],  sb.  pi,  strata  lying  upon  the  coal ;  a  sure  indication 
of  coal  beneath. — Colliery  ;  M.  T.  Binds  are  locally  distinguished 
as  '  blue,' '  grey,*  &c.    See  Coal-field. 

BIHO  [bingg*],  (!)  sb.  a  kind  of  store-room  or  small  gi-anary  within 
a  larger  one,  or  within  a  '  bay ;  *  which  can  be  locked  up,  ond  into 
whi<£  grain  can  be  put  in  bulk  after  it  is  threshed  and  before  it  is 
•bagged  up.'— Shrewsbury;  Wellington. 

'  Tou  might  have  seen  them  throng  out  of  the  town, 
like  ants  when  they  do  spoil  the  bing  of  com.' 

Surrey's  Poerns,  p.  191,  ed.  Bell. 

Bynge,  Theca,  camera. — Prompt  Parv,  Sw.  binge,  a  heap.  See 
•  Bing '  in  Wedo.    Cf.  Bin  (2). 

(2)  eb.  a  receptacle  for  flour. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch.  Qy. 
com.  •  In  the  great  Buttery  one  binge," — Inventory  .  .  .  Manor-House, 
Owlbury,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 

In  the  Indenture  of  delivery  of  Berwick  Castle,  in  1539,  occurs,  'in 
the  pantre,  a  large  bynge  of  okyn  tymbar  with  3  partitions.' — Archceol, 
xi.  440,  Way. 

(3)  eb.  a  place  railed  off  from  the  cow-house  in  which  fodder  is 
kept  in  reaoiness  for  feeding  the  beasts. — Newport  ;  Whitchurch  ; 
Oswestry. 

BIEDS'-EOOS  [bur'd'z  eg'z],  sb.  8ilene  inflata,  Bladder  Campion.— 
Craven  Arms,  Stohesay. 

BISD'S-ETE  [bur'd'z  ei],  sb.  Veronica  CTiamcedrys,  Germander  Speed*' 
well. — Shrewsbury. 

BI8CAKE  [bis'kaik],  sh.,  var,  pr.  a  biscuit.     Com. 

BISHOPPED  [bish'u'pt],  (1)  part.  adj.  confirmed. — Pulverbatch; 
Weluxoton  ;  Ellesmere.— *  'Er  wuz  bishopped  i'  Sosebry  a  wik  W 
Tuesday.' 

'  And  metropoJitanus 
And  baptisede  nnd  buaahoppede.' 

Piera.  PI.  [C.  xviii.  207],  p.  559,  ed.  Wr.  (Notes). 

A.S.  biseeoped,  oonfiimed. 

i>2 


X 


36  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

(2)  part,  adj,  said  of  milk  that  has  been  burnt  to  the  pan  in  boiling. 

— ^Bishop's  Castle.  This  use  of  the  term  may  occasionally,  but  very 
rarely,  be  heard  in  an  isolated  kind  of  way  throughout  the  county ;  it 
seems  to  be  nearly  obsolete.  A  corrupted  form,  *  ^shopped,'  has  been 
noted,  but  probably  it  was  an  individual  instance.  In  tne  neighbour- 
hood of  Craven  Arms  and  about  Welshampton  some  of  the  old 
people  say  when  the  milk  is  burnt,  *  The  bishop's  pilt  'is  Hit  in  it.' 

'  When  a  thinge  speadeth  not  well,  we  borowe  speach  and  saye,  The 
hysahope  hath  blessed  it,  because  that  nothinge  speadeth  well  that 
they  medyll  withall.  Tf  the  podeche  be  burned  to,  or  the  meate  over 
rested,  we  saye.  The  byaahope  hath  put  his  fote  in  the  potte,  or  The 
hysahope  playd  the  coke,  because  the  byshopes  burn  who  thei  lust  and 
whosoever  displeaseth  them.' — TyndcUe,  Obedience  of  a  Christen  Man^ 
1535,  in  Wb. 

Jamieson  has  the  following :  '  Bishop's  Foot ;  it  is  said,  The  Bishop^* 
fooi  has  been  in  the  broth,  when  they  are  singed.'  And  observes,  '  This 
phrase  seems  to  have  had  its  origin  in  times  of  Popery,  when  the 
clergy  had  such  extensive  influence  that  hardly  anythmg  could  be 
done  without  their  interference.' 

(3^  part.  adj,y  si.  a  horse  is  said  to  be  bishopped  when  his  teeth  are 
artificially  marked  for  purposes  of  deception  with  regard  to  his  age. 
Com. 

BISOH.  See  Besom.  *  ScopsB,  verriculam,  a  bissom.' — ^Duncan's 
Appendix  Etymologiae,  A.D.  1595,  E.  D.  S.,  B.  xiii.    A.S.  bism,  a  besom. 

BISSON  [bis'u'n],  adj.,  ohs.'i  blind. — Bridgnorth.  *The  poor  owd 
men's  aumust  htsson.*    *  Ay^,  'is  eyes  han  bin  bad  a  good  bit.' 

* ,  .  .  your  bisson  conspectuities.'—  Coriolanus,  IE.  i.  70. 

In  the  Lindisfame  or  Durham  MS.  of  the  Latin  Gbsnels  we  hare 
the  word  *  caeci '  (S.  Mat.  ix.  28),  with  the  Old  Northumorian  Gloss, 
above,  '  bisena  vd  blinde,'  i.  e.  btssen  or  blind  men,  the  a  being  the 
nom.  pL  ending.     A«S.  bisen,  blind. 

BIT  [bit*],  sh.  the  wide  part  or  blade  of  an  agricultural  shovel.— 
Much  wenlock. 

BIT-BAT  [bit-bat*],  same  as  Billy-bat,  q.  v. — Shrewsbury ;  Wbm. 

BLACK-BESS  [blak  bos*],  sh.  any  small  black  beetle  is  so  called. 
Com.  Two  black-besses  that  were  sent  for  entomological  examination 
proved  to  be  respectively,  Amara  /amiiiaris  and  Leistis  ftUmbarbis, 
*  I  ketched  two  black-besses,  ma'am,  an'  put  'em  in  a  box  to  sen'  to 
y^o,  but  w'en  I  went  to  start  the  box,  I  opened  it  to  see  wim  they  all 
right,  an'  theer  I  fund  as  thev  'ad  etten  one  another ;  an*  I  couLdnfii 
get  two  more  nod  then,  an'  I  wuz  that  vexed,'  said  Betty  Andrews 
of  Cruck  Meole  (1872). 

BLACKBI&D,  sb.  Turdus  torquatus,  the  Ring  OuzeL — Bridgnorth. 

BLACKCAP,  sb.  Parus  ater,  the  Cole  Titmouse. — Bridgnorth. 

BLACK-HEADEB  TOMTIT,  sb.  Farm  major,  the  Great  Titmouse. 
— Bridonorth.    Cf.  Tom-noup. 

BLACK-JACKS,  sb.  pi.  the  heads  of  the  Ribwort  Plantain,  Plantago 
lanceolata, — CoLLiERT,  LiUeshalL    Ci.  Fighting-cocks. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.      37 

BLACK-MULLOCK    [blak  mul-uk]/  eb,    peat-turf.— Whitchurch, 
WhixoUl  Moss ;  Ellesmere.     Tur/-mullock  is  the  refuse  of  the  peat . 
which  has  been  cut  for  burning.    Of.  Mullock. 

BLACK-QTTARTEB  [blak'kwau-r'tur'],  eh.,  obs.  In  the  domestic 
economy  of  a  cottage  it  is  called  hlack-qxAarter  when  there  is  no  milk, 
the  cow  being  '  dry  for  caMne,'  or  when  the  store  bacon  is  finished 
before  the  new  flitch  is  ready  K>r  eating. — Pulverbatch. 

BLACKSMITH,  sb.  EmbeHza  citrlnella.  Yellow  Bunting,  or  Yellow 
Ammer. — Beidonorth.  Blacksmith  is  evidently  a  play  upon  the 
name  Yellow  Hammer ^  as  it  is  often  spelt. 

Speaking  of  this  bird,  Mr.  Yarrell  says,  *  I  have  yentured  to  restore 

•  to  it  what  I  believe  to  have  been  its  first  English  name,  Yellow 
Ammer,  although  it  appears  to  have  been  printed  Yellow  Ham  and 
Yellow  Hammer  from  the  days  of  Drs.  William  Turner  and  Merrett 
to  the  present  time.  The  word  ammer  is  a  well-known  German  term 
for  Bunting,  in  very  common  use.  Thus  Bechstein  employs  the 
names  Schnee-ammer,  Grau-ammer,  Bohr-ammer,  Garten -ammer, 
and  Gold-ammer  for  our  Snow  Bunting,  Com  Bunting,  Reed  Bunting, 
Ortolan  or  Garden  Bunting,  and  Yellow  Buntine.  Prefixing  the  letter 
h  to  the  word  appears  to  be  unnecessary,  ana  even  erroneous,  as 
suggesting  a  notion  which  has  no  reference  to  any  known  habit  ot 
qiumty  in  the  bird.' — History  of  British  Birds,  vol.  i.  p.  518,  3rd 
ed.  1856. 

BLACKSMITH'S  DATJOHTHR,  sb,  a  hanging  lock.— Pulverbatch. 
'  I  mus'  put  the  blacksmith* s  daughter  on  the  garden  wicket,  fur  I  see 
the  straibries  bin  gwein  too  fast.' 

BLACK  STOHE,  sb.  a  vein  of  iron-stone  lying  on  both  sides  of 
'Lightmoor  Fault.'— Colliery  ;  M.  T. 

'  The  Black  Stone  and  Blue  Flats  are  rich  and  valuable  iron-stonen. 
These  stones  occur  in  nodules,  and  produce  from  1000  to  1600  tons 
per  acre.  The  famous  cold  blast  iron  of  the  Lilleshall  Company  is 
made  from  equal  mixtures  of  Black  Stone,  Blue  Flats,  and  Penny 
Stone,  with  a  little  proportion  of  others.' — Notes  on  the  Shropshire 
.  CoaUField,  by  T.  Parton,  F.  G.  S.,  1868. 
Cf.  Penny  Stone.    See  Blue  Flats. 

BLADE  [blaid'],  (1)  v.  a.  to  trim  a  hedge  by '  feathering '  it  to  the.  top 
— Glee  Hills. 

'  Bladjm'  herbys  or  take  away  the  bladys.' — Detirso,  Prompt.  Parv, 

A.S.  bl<kdy  a  leaf;  branch;  twig. 

(2)  sh,  that  timber  in  a  roof  which  goes  at  an  angle  from  the  top  of 
the  '  king  post '  to  the  beam  of  the  '  principal '-^Clun.  The  llaae  is 
known  in  Cheshire  as  the  back, 

BLASBEBBY  [blaibr'i'],  sb.  same  as  Bilberry,  q.  v.— Coluert. 

'  Nae  bims,  or  briers,  or  whins  e'er  troubled  me, 
Gif  I  cou'd  find  bUie-berries  ripe  for  thee.* 

ALLA27  Bamsay,  The  Oentle  Shepherd,  II.  iv.  p.  34. 

BLAVKS  AVD  PBIZES,  ab.  pi.  a  dish  of  beans  and  bacon.  Com. 
The  blanks  are  the  beans,  the  prizes  the  morsels  of  bacon  which  are 

•  somewhat  sparsely  distributed  amongst  them.  To  prepare  this  popular 


8d  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

dish,  the  bacon  must  be  cut  into  '  dice,'  fried,  and  then  poured  with 
its  *  liquor'  into  the  ready-boiled  beans:  all  must  then  be  stirred 
together  with  a  seasoning  of  pepper,  and— as  the  old  cookery  books 
say — *  messed  forthe.' 

BLATHEE  [blaadh'ur'],  (I)  sb,  noisy,  senseless  prate;  empty 
flattery;  humbug. — Wem.  *  Sich  blather  !  I  hanna-d-a  bit  of  patience 
wuthit'     Cf.  Bledder  (2). 

'  But  I  shall  scribble  down  some  blether 
Just  clean  aff-loof.' — Eobebt  Burns,  Poema^  p.  77, 1.  33,  a  2. 

(2)  V.  n.  to  prate  senselessly,  &c. — ibid,  *  Theer's  never  no  'eed  to 
be  t66k  on  'im,  'e  blathers  an  gosters  all  day  lung.'  *  Balbutio,  to 
bladder.' — Dxtncan's  Appendix  Etymologicp,  a.d.  1595,  E.  D.  S.,  B.  ziiL 

BLEDDEB  [bledur'],  (I)  sb.  a  bladder. — Pulverbatgh;  Ludlow. 

'  Wi^  a  face  as  fat  *  as  a  full  bledder 
Blowen  bretfull  of  bre^.  .  .  .'—P.  PL  Or.,  L  222. 

'Bleddyr,  vesica.* — Prompt.  Parv,    A.S.  blceddre,  a  bladder. 

(2)  sb.,  si?  chatter;  prate. — Lxtdlow.  'Shot  yore  bledder*  is 
equivalent  to  '  Hold  your  tongue.'    Cf.  Blather  (1). 

BLESSIIfO  [bles'inl,  sb.  a  small  quantity  given  over  the  measure  in 
8ellingmilk,&c.— Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatgh;  Colliert.  *They'n 
begun  to  sell  milk  at  both  housen  at  Churton ;  I  shall  g65  to  the  poor 
owd  Missis,  'er  gies  capital  mizzer  an'  a  good  Uessin*  into  the  bargain.' 

BLETHEE  [bledhur'],  sb.  a  bladder. — Shrewsbury ;  Pulverbatch. 
'Look  at  them  lads  makin'  a  fiit-ball  o'  that  Uether;  they'n  host  it 
jeat  now.' 

'  An'  bid  him  bum  this  cursed  tether, 
An',  for  thy  pains,  thou'se  get  mv  blether* 

Egbert  Burns,  Poems,  p.  33, 1.  18,  c.  2. 

BLTITD  [bleind*],  adj.  abortive  :  said  of  blossoms. — Shrbwsbuhy  ; 
Pulverbatgh.  '  I  shanna-d-&ve  above  'afo  a  pint  o*  straibries  this 
'ear,  the  blows  bin  all  blind. '    See  Blow. 

BLTITD-BALL  [bleindbaul],  sb.  the  fungns  Lf/coperdon  Bovitta,---' 
Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatgh.    See  Fnzz-balL 

BLnrD-BXIFF  [bleind  buff],  same  as  BUnd-ball.— Clun. 

BLIVD-BirZZABD  [bleind  bozur't],  {l)sb.  Mdolmtha  vul^drts,  the 
common  Cockchafer.    Com. 

(2)  sb.  LucdnvLs  cervits,  the  Stag  Beetle. — Colliery. 

Binrp-MAIT'S.HOLIDAY  [blein  monz  oli'di'],  twilight.  Com. 
Florio  has,  '  Feridlo,  vacancy  firom  labour ;  rest  firom  worke ;  Hind* 
man^S'holt/day,*  in  Hal. 

BLIND  SIEVE  [bleind'siv],  sb.y  obsols.  a  sieve — ^in  appearance  like  a 
tambourine — made  of  sheepskin,  and  not  perforated.  Com.  Tho 
blind  sieve  was  formerly  much  used  in  granaries  for  dressing  com, 
and  is  still  so  employed  by  cottage-folk  for  their  'laisina'    By  a 

Seouliar  eddying  motion  given  to  it — which  it  requires  an  '  expert '  to 
0— the  chaff  and  lighter  parts  of  the  grain  are  brought  to  the 
soriaoe,  in  the  nuddle  of  the  sieve,  and  can  be  eaailj  zvmovad.    Th» 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC     39 

grain  is  deansed  yery  effectually  by  this  simple  process.    Of.  Bieing 
sieve. 

BLIHD-WOBM  [bleind'wur'm],  sb,  Anguia  fragilU^  the  Slow-worm. 
Com.    Cf.  Ether. 

*  Newts,  and  Uind-wormB,  do  no  wrong.' 

Mids,  Nighfs  Dream,  II.  iL  11. 

'Hee  9cuitda,  a  blynde-worme.'-=-^oTOtna/^,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr. 
Tocabs.,  YoL  i.  p.  223. 

BLIHK  [bUngk*],  (1)  t7.  n.  to  glimmer;  to  bum  in  a  faint,  fitful 
manner.  — ^Pvlyebbatch.  *  The  fire  wuz  mighty  doggit  this  momin', 
it  kep'  blink,  blink,  blinkin\  1  thought  I  should  never  a  got  the  men's 
break£E»t.' 

'  For  me,  I  swear  by  sun  an'  moon. 
An'  every  star  that  blinks  aboon, 
Te've  cost  me  twenty  pair  o'  shoon 
Just  gaun  to  see  you.' 

KoBEBT  Burns,  Poems,  p.  34,  L  8. 

O.Dutchy  blinken  (micare,  splendere),  to  blink;  gleam.  Dan.  blinke^ 
to  blink;  shine. — Stbat. 

(2)  sb.  a  glimmer ;  a  spark  of  fire. — Pxtlveebatch  ;  Clun'  ;  Ludlow. 
'  I  raked  the  fire  las'  mght,  thinkin'  to  be  up  yarly,  an'  it  burnt  out ; 
theer  wunna-d-a  blink  left.' 

BLINKED  [blingkt'l,  part,  adj.,  obsols,  said  of  butter-milk  that  from 
exposure  to  the  suns  rays  has  acquired  a  peculiar,  bitter,  ill  flavour. 
— ^PuLVEBBATCH.  *  W'y  this  butter-milk  is  as  bitter  as  siit — I  toud 
yo'  as  it  56d  be  blinked  if  it  wunna  covered  o'er,  the  sun  wuz  shinin' 
right  into  the  steen.'  Jamieson  has  *  to  blink,'  to  become  a  little 
Bour ;  a  term  used  with  respect  to  milk  and  beer.  He  suggests  a 
'gloss'  on  this  by  way  of  query — giving  the  derivation.  Germ. 
lUnken,  coruscare—'  as  struck  with  lightning,  which,  we  know,  has 
the  effect  of  making  liquids  sour ;  or  as  denoting  that  of  sunshine,  or 
of  the  heat  of  the  weather.' 

BLOB  [blob*],  (1)  sb,  a  blister ;  a  watery  pustule.  Com.  '  Dick's  got 
a  baa  leg ;  it  come  jest  a  litUe  blob,  an'  sprad  all  o'er  'is  leg  like  S. 
Anthonys  fire.' 

(2)  sb,  a  bubble.  Com.  'That  fresh  drink  dunna-d-'afe  work, 
on  y  jest  a  blob  'ere  an'  theer.'  '  By-gum,  Missis,  be*appen  it  inna- 
d-aUe ! ' 

(3)  sb.  a  drop. — ^Pulvsbbatoh.  Qy.  com.  '  The  swat  stood  on  'is 
foryed  i'  blobs  as  big  as  pase.' 

'  Thou^  both  his  eyes  should  drop  out  like  hlobbes  or  droppes  of 
water. '—Z.  Boyd,  in  Wbdo. 

(4)  V.  a.  to  let  out  a  secret.  Com.  '  I'll  tell  yo'  a  saicrit,  Mary,  if 
yo  n  mind  nod  to  blob.*  C£  '  Blabbe,  wxeyare  of  cownselle,'  in  Prompt. 
Parv.,  p.  37. 

BLOBBEB  [blobnir'l  (1)  sb.  saucy,  idle  chatter.  Com.  '  Oud 
yore  blobber.*  Cf.  *  Blaberyn,  or  speke  wythe-owte  resone,'  in  Prompt. 
Parv.,  p.  37. 

(2)  V.  n.  to  cry  without  tears  in  a  broken,  noisy  way,  as  children  do 


40  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

who  have  not  mucli  cause  of  complaint*  Com.  'Whad  bin  'ee 
hiobherin'  fur,  Turn  ?  nobody's  'urtin'  yo'.'  See  *  Blobure '  (blobyr), 
with  Way's  notes,  in  Prompt.  Parv.^  p.  40. 

BLOCEING-AZE  [blok'inak's],  nb,,  ohs.  an  axe  employed  for 
squaiins^  timber,  having  a  handle  so  curved  horizontally,  right  and 
left,  as  to  save  the  knuckles  of  the  workman. — Much  Wenlock. 

BLOCKY,  BEOCKT  [blok-i*],  Wem.  [br'oki*],  Pulvbrbatch,  short 
and  stout.  *  Yore  new  waggoner's  despert  Inxky^  'e'll  want  a  lungish 
pitchin'  pikel.' 

BLOOD-STICK  [blud'stik*'],  ah,  a  kind  of  club  used  by  farriers  to 
drive  in  the  *  flues '  when  bleeding  an  animal.    Qy.  com.    See  Flues. 

BLOOD-WOBT  [blud-wur't],  «6.  Enjthrc^  Centaurium,  common 
Centaury.— PaLVBRBATCU,  Banwood,    Cf.  Sanctuary. 

BLOODY-BTITCHEBS  [bludi*  buch-nr'z],  sh.  Orchis  Mascula,  early 
purple  Orchis.  Com.  This  is  the  *  dead  men's  fingers*  of  Shakespeare. 
See  Hamlet,  IV.  vii.  172. 

BLOODY-WABBIOB  [blud-i*  waa.r'-i'u'r'],  aieirantkvs  Cheiri  fibn- 
guineus,  the  very  dark  double  Wall-flower. — ^Ellesmere. 

BLOOM  [bloo'mj,  sb.  a  mass  of  iron  as  it  comes  out  of  the  puddling 
furnace  before  it  is  hammered  and  sent  through  the  rolls. — Colliery, 
Iron-works,  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  mentions  a  rent  for  ovens 
and  furnaces  called  bloom-smithy-rent,  in  Hal. 

BLOW  [blou],  (1)  sb.  bloom;  blossom. — Shrewsbury;  Pulveb* 
BATCH.  Qy.  com.  *  Theer's  a  good  blow  o'  the  plum-trees  this  'ear.' 
'  The  bread  6dna  keep  w*ile  the  corn's  i'  the  blow '  is  an  expression 
fi'equently  heard  in  the  hot  weather  of  blossoming  time,  when  bread 
is  apt  to  become  *  ropy.' 

(2)  V.  n.  to  come  into  leaf. — Shrewsbuky,  UfingUm.  *  The  'edges 
bin  beginnin'  to  blow  ;  they'n  soon  be  i'  full  lef  if  this  weather  lasses/ 

'  &  buskede  him  out  of  l^e  buschys  *  ^at  were  blowed  grene, 
&  leued  ful  louely  *  J^at  lent  grete  schade.' 

William  of  Paleme,  1,  21. 

BLOW -BELLOWS  [bloa-bel-*u*ss],  sb.  pi.  a  pair  of  bellows.— 
Newport. 

' .  .  .  After  that  cometh  suggestion  of  the  divel,  this  is  to  say,  the 
diveVs  belotis,  with  which  he  bloweth  in  man  the  fire  of  concupi- 
scence.'— Chaucer,  The  Porsones  Tale  (eecunda  para,  penitentict). 

BLOW-BELL YS  [bloa-bel-Tss],  iciem.— Pulvbrbatch ;  Wem; 
Eli«es)[ERE.  *  'As  any  one  sid  the  blow-belly  $  f  I  canna  get  this  fire 
to  tind.'    Cf.  Ballys.    See  BeUys. 

BLOWS  [bloa'z],  sb.  pi.  affairs ;  things  to  be  done.  --Pulyerbatch  ; 
WoRTHEN.  To  be  *  full  of  blows '  is  a  phrase  equivalent  to  having 
*  many  irons  in  the  fire.'  '  I  canna-d-aw'ue  to  fettle  that  1^  momin , 
I'm  full  o'  blows: 

BLTTE-BACE  [bloo-bak*'],  sh.  Turdus  pOdria,  the  Fieldfare.— Much 
Wbnlock. 


'glossary  of  archaic  and  provincial  words,  etc.    41 

SLUE-BELL,  eb,  Hycicinthus,  non-script ua^  Wild  Hyacinth. — Shrews- 
BUBT.    Generally  used  in  the  plural  form  Bltu-htlU, 

BLXJE-BOHHET,  ah.  same  as  Billy-biter,  q.  v.— Bridgnorth. 

BLXTE-BOTTLE,  ah.  CentaurSa  Cyanuay  Corn  Blue-bottle.     Com. 

BLUE-CAP,  the  same  as  Blue-bonnet. — Bridgnorth. 

BLUE  YLh!t%,  ah.  a  vnluable  iron-stone.— Colliery  ;  M.  T. 

*  This  iron-stone,  which  occurs  in  nodules  of  all  imaginable  shapes, 
is  full  of  the  fossil    Unio  or  Anthracoaia,  and  impressions  of  the 
Tegetable  Lycopodiaceae.* — Notes  on  the  Shropshire  Coal- field,  by  T. 
Pabton,  F.G.S.,  1868. 
See  Black  Stone,  also  Coal-field. 

BLUE  FOX-OLOYE,  ah.  Campanula  Trachilium,  Nettle-leaved  Bell- 
flower. — ^Whitchurch,  Tilstock. 

BLUE-HEADS  [bloo-edz],  ab.  pL  the  flowers  of  Scabioaa  aucciaa, — 
CoBVB  Dale.    Of.  Deyil'a-bit. 

BLUVOE  [blunzh'],  v.  a,  to  knead  or  mix  up  hastily,  as  of  dough  or 
dumpling. — Ellesmere  ;  Wem.  '  Now,  Jenny,  be  sharj)  an*  Uunga 
up  a  bit  o'  dumplin'  for  the  lads,  or  they  wunna  think  it's  'Amp'n 
[Hampton']  Wakes.' 

BOAK-SEO  [boa-ur'  seg*'],  ah,  a  boar  that  has  been  gelt. — Clee  Hills. 
Qy.  com. 

BOAB-THISTLE  [boa-ur'  thissl],  ah,  Carduua  lancdolatua,  Spear 
Plume-thistle. — Clee  Hills.    Qy.  com. 

BOASOM  [boa'zam],  ah.,  var.  pr.  bosom.     Com. 

B0BBBB80ME  [bob'ur'sum],  adj.,  aU  free;  lavish.— NswPOBt. 
'  Dunna  yo  be  too  hobheraovM  wi'  yore  money.' 

BOBBISH  [bob'ish],  adj.^  alA  pretty  well  and  bright  in  health  and 
spirits.     Com. 

BODOE  pKvj'],  (1)  v.  a.  to  patch  clumsily;  to  mend  roughly.  Com. 
'  Theer,  I've  tore  my  gownd !  I  canna-d-awilde  to  mend  it  properly, 
nod  now,  so  I  mun  hodge  it  up.'    Qt  Botch. 

(2)  ah.  a  rough  patch ;  a  clumsy,  bungling  job  of  any  kind.    Com. 
Of.  Shakespeare's  bodged  for  *  bungled.'— 3  K.  Henry  VI,  L  iv.  19. 

BOES  [boaz*],  ah,  j>l.  PedicuU  humani  ;  inaecta  parva  comd  infantum, 
— Shrewsbubt  ;  Pulverbatch  ;  Ludlow.  Cf.  Bugs.  See  Bk.  II., 
Folklore,  &c.,  '  Superstitions  concerning  Insects.' 

B07FLE  [bof-1],  v,  a.,  var,  pr.  to  confuse;  to  baffle.  Com.  'I 
knowed  right  well  'e  wnz  tellin'  me  a  lie,  so  I  cross- waund  'im  a  bit 
an'  soon  hoffled  'is  story.' 

BOIT.     See 


BOSS  [boak*],  H)  v.  n.  to  thrust  at,  as  with  a  rail  or  stake. — 
Shbewsburt  ;  Wem  :  Whitchxjrch.  *  *E  pooled  a  stake  out  o'  the 
'c^{^  an'  hokid  at  'im.  Boke  is  another  form  of  poke ;  but  a  curious 
distinction  is  made  between  the  h  of  the  one  word  and  the  p  of  the 


42  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

other  *  they  are  used  '  with  a  difference/  As  B  is  a  heavier  letter 
than  r,  so  to  boke  is  a  heavier  action  than  to  poke,  A  man  bokea  wil^ 
a  rail  or  other  thick  piece  of  wood,  and  pokes  with  a  light  stick.  See 
B  and  P  in  Grammar  OutHnea  (consonants), 

(2)  V.  n.  to  stare  about  in  a  stupid,  half-blind  way ;  to  shy,  when 
used  with  reference  to  a  horse. — Wem,  Hopton,  *  'E  went  alung  the 
r5oad  bMn  an*  startin'  at  eyerythink,  till  I  thought  I  c'u'd  niyer  a 
druv  'im  'ere.* 

BOLTIH  [boal'ti'n],  same  as  Battin;  refined  pronunciation. — 
Shrbwsbubt;  Ptjlvekbatch  ;  Cluw.    Bar.  *boutin.' 

BOVD  [bond*],  (1)  pret  and  part,  past,  bound. — Newport  ;  W«m  ; 

*  Three  hundred  foxes  took  Sampson  for  Ire, 
And  alle  her  tayles  he  togider  hond,* 

Chauceb,  B.  3222  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 
d  Bund  (1). 

(2)  sb,  a  straw  band  for  binding  sheaves. — ibid, 

<  "  Oanstow  seruen/'  he  seide  *  *'  other  syngen  in  a  churehe, 
Other  coke  for  my  cokers  *  other  to  the  cart  picche, 
Howe  other  mowen  '  other  make  bond  to  sheues.**  * 

Piers  PL,  Text  C.  pass.  vi.  L  14. 

'The  Bond  is  that  as  ties  the  Com  into  Bundles.* — Academy  qf 
Armory,  Bk.  ILL  ch,  iii.  p.  73. 
Cf.  Bund  (2). 

(3)  sb,  the  load  of  coal  or  iron-stone  to  be  drawn  up.    Com.    M.  T. 

(4)  [bon*  or  bond*],  sb,  a  band  or  gang  of  pit-men  working  together. 
— ^Colliery  ;  M.  T.     *  *E  works  i*  the  bon*,^ 

BOHBSMEH  [bonz'men],  sh.  pi,  men  working  in  a  hand,  whose 
duty  it  is  to  remove  the  coal  after  it  has  been  '  holed '  by  the  '  holers ; ' 
first  knocking  away  the  '  sprags,*  q.  v-     Com.    M.  T. 

BOVK  [bongk*],  sh,  a  sloping  height ;  a  steep  pitch  or  incline  in  a 
road.  Com.  'Mr.  Gittins  o'  Churton  *ad  a  prime  mar*  spiled  the 
tother  day  gwein  down  Welbi'ch  [WetbatcK]  bonk;  the  waggoner  must 
a  bin  a  naiS  to  g66  down  a  place  like  that  athout  scotchin*.* 

'  Quhil  the  reflex  of  the  diurnal  bemys 
The  beyn  bonkis  kest  fill  of  variant  glemys.' 

Gawin  Douglas  (a.d.  1513),  Prol.  of  ike  XIIBuk 
o/Eneados.     Sptcim,  Eng,  L%t,,  xiii.  1.  62. 
Cf.  Bonky-pieces. 

BOHME  [bongk-r],  sh,  a  girl  employed  on  the  '  bank '  as  a  *  bonks- 
man  *  is.— Colliebt  ;  M.  T. 

BOVKSMAIT  [bongks'mun],  sh,  a  man  on  the  *  bank '  who  disposes 
of  the  coal  as  it  comes  to  the  surface. — Coluebt;  M.  T. 

BOHBT-FIECES  Tbongk-i'  poe'si*z],  sh.  pi,  steep,  sloping  fields.— 
PuLVEBBATCH.  Qy.  com.  '  I  tell  yo*  a  double  plough's  no  chonoe  i' 
them  bonky-pieces,  tiiey*n  chuck  it  out  spite  o'  yore  tith.'  Cf.  Sidelant 
leasow. 

BOJfJfY  [boni*],  adj.  comely;  stout — what  the  Fi*ench  understand 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.      43 

by  embonpoint ;  quite  a  distinct  sense  from  the  Scottish  '  bomiie.'  The 
term  is  not  of  very  frequent  use. — Pulverbatch  ;  Oobye  Dalb  ; 
Clee  Hills.  'Betty  Jenkins  praises  'er  pastures;  whad  a  bonny 
66man  'er's  gwun  I  'er  wuz  a  poor  toiTel  the  las'  time  I  sid  'er.' 

BOOK  [buek'l  Whitchurch,  Tihtock; — school  book,  [skruel  buek*]. 
Cf,  Scotch  '  Buik.' 

BOOGIE  [b55g'i'],  sb.  a  supernatural  being ;  a  spectre ;  a  household 
sprite. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatcii  ;  Worthen. 

'  K.  Edw.  .  .  .  For  Warwick  was  a  bu^  that  fear'd  us  all.' 

3  JT.  Henry  VL  V.  iL  2. 

W.  bwgan,  a  bugbear.    G£  Bugabo.    See  Bk.  11.,  Folklore^  *  The 
B66gies  an'  the  Saut-box.' 

B008EY  [boo'zi'l,  ^b.  the  upper  end  of  the  cow-stall  where  the  fodder 
lies.  Com.  *Booc  or  Ixws,  netystalle.* — Prompt  Parv.  A.S.  6d«, 
b6»ig,  a  stall ;  manger ;  crib. 

BOOSEY-PASTUBE,  sb,  ground  claimed  by  the  off-going  tenant  at 
Lady  Day  for  the  use  of  his  cattle  up  to  the  first  of  May,  on  which  to 
consume  nay,  turnips,  and  such  produce  as  is  not  allowed  to  be  taken 
off  the  farm. — ^Pulverbatch.    Qy.  com. 

B008ET-STAKE,  ab.  the  stake  to  which  the  cow  is  fastened  in  the 
booHy  by  a  '  cow-chain.' — ^Wem.    Qy.  com.    Cf.  Stelch  (2). 

BOBE-PASSEB  [boa-ui^  pas'ur'],  sK  a  gimlet.— Worthbn.  '  Persowre 
(or  wymbyl),  Terbellum.^ — Prompt  Parv.    Cf.  Nail-passer. 

BOBBOW  [bo'T'u'],  8b,y  var.  pr.  a  barrow. — Corvb  Dale. 

BOSH  [bosh*!,  (1)  ab,  the  rough,  bristly  part  of  a  boar's  head  between 
the  ears. — Fulverbatch.    (^y.  com. 
(2)  <6.  the  curly  front  of  a  bull's  head  between  the  horns. — iUd. 

*  Leon  ,  .  .  The  steer,  the  heifer,  and  the  calf 
Are  all  call'd  neat. 

.  .  .  How  now,  you  wanton  calf  P 
Art  thou  my  calf? 

Mam,  Yes,  if  you  wiU,  my  lord. 

Leon.  Thou  want'st  a  rough  pash  and  the  shoots  that  I  haye 
To  be  full  like  me.'— TTinfer'a  Tale,  I.  ii.  128. 

BOSS  fboss'],  (1^  sb,  a  protuberance  of  iron  in  the  top  part  of  the 
spindle  in  whicn  the  brandarts  were  placed.    Com.    See  Brandarte. 

(2)  ab.  a  hassock.    Com. 

•  1778.  for  a  Boss  for  the  Commimion  0.   8.   0.' — Churchwardens' 
Accounte,  Hopton  Castle,  Salop. 

BOST  [host'],  (1)  V,  a.,  var,  pr.  to  burst.  Com.  *I  doubt  we 
sha'n  '&ve  to  bogt  that  door  open,  for  the  kay  canna  be  fund  'igh,  low, 
nor  level' 

(2)  a  slight  imprecation.    Com.     '  Post  that  chap,  w'y  couldoa-d-'e 
a  lef  that  lather  w'eer  I  p&t  it  P  an'  then  I  should  a  'ad  if 

B08TEV  p)os-nl,  part.  adj.  full  to  repletion ;  burst. — Shrewsbury  ; 
Elleshbre.  Qy.  com.  'I  conna  tak'  no  more,  Missis,  Pm  welly 
hoB'n,' 


44  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

BOTCH  [boch*],  v.  a,  to  patch  old  clotlies,  but  not  necessarily  in 
a  rough  and- clumsy  way. — Newport.  Cf.  Bodge  (1).  See  'Botch* 
in  Wbdo. 

BOTTLE  [bot'l],  (1)  sh.  a  small  wooden  barrel  or  keg  for  carrying 
drink  to  the  lield.  Com.  Bottles  yary  in  size:  those  used  by  the 
ploughman  or  labourer  hold  about  three  pints,  while  the  harvest- 

•  men's  IxMle^  contain  from  two  to  six  quartk  *  Tell  Bill  to  tak',  the 
'ackney  mar*  an*  start  off  56th  them  two  bottles  an*  bayte-bafi;s  to  the 
turmit  fallow — ^it*s  aumust  the  middle  o*  the  day.*  *  Bag  ana  bottle.* 
--liobin  Hood,  ii.  54,  in  Hal.    Cf.  Costrel. 

(2)  sb.  a  bundle  of  hay. — ^Pulvekbatch  ;  Corve  Dale  ;  Elles- 
ICERE.  '  I  axed  the  Maister  to  let  me  *&ve  a  bit  of  *ay ;  *e  said  'e 
dama  sell,  but  *e*d  gie  me  a  bottle,  as  the  cow  wuz  nigh  cauvin.* 

'  Al- though  it  be  nat  worth  a  botel  hey.* 

Chaucer,  H.  14  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

'  I  have  a  great  desire  to  a  bottle  of  hay.' 

Mids,  Nights  Dream,  IV.  i.  37.  . 

'  To  look  for  a  needle  in  a  bottle  of  hay '  is  a  common  proverb  which 
occurs  in  Clarke^ s  Phraseologia  Puerilis,  1655.     See  HaL 

'  A  thousand  pounds,  and  a  bottle  of  hay, 
Is  all  one  thing  at  Doom's-day.* 

Howell's  Proverbs,  ed.  1660,  in  Hal. 

*  Botelle  of  hey.* — Fenifasds.  *  Botelle  of  have,  boiteau  de  foyn, 
Aske  you  for  the  hosteller,  he  is  aboue  in  the  haye  lofte  makynge 
boUlles  (or  botels)  of  hay,  boteller.^ — Palso.  *  In  Norfolk  it  denotes 
the  quantity  of  hay  that  may  serve  for  one  feed.* — ^Forby. — Prompt. 
Parv,  and  Notes. 

BOTTLE-TIT,  sh.  Parus  emidatus,  the  Long-tailed  Tit-mouse. — 
Ludlow.    Cf.  Can-bottle. 

BOTTOMLET  BAY,  «6.,  var.  pr.  Botany  Bay.— Newport  ;  Whit- 
church.   See  *  Sosebry  *  in  Place  Names. 

BOUGHS  [bou'z],  to  be  '  up  in  the  boughs '  is  a  phrase  signifying  to 
be  put  quickly  out  of  temper ;  te  be  easily  ofiTended. — Shrewsbury  ; 
PULYERBATCH ;  CoRYE  Dale  ;  Clee  Hills.  '  *Er  wuz  all  up  t*  the 
boughs  in  a  minute.*    Cf. — 

'  Now  in  the  croppe,  now  doun  in  the  breres.* 

Chaucer,  The  Knightes  Tale,  L  674,  ed.  Morris. 

BOirOHT  OPF  TEE    PEOS,   phr.   sU    said   contemptuously  of 
second-hand   or    *  slop-made'   clothing. — Shrewsbury;    Pulyer-* 
batch  ;  Wem.     *  *E  bought  it  off  the  pegs,  it  66nna  do  'im  much  joy.* 

BOUK  [bou'k],  (1)  sb.,  ohsols.  a  bucket  of  what  is  technically  known 
as  *  bend  ware.' — Pulyerbatch.     Cf.  Quaigh. 

(2)  sb.  a  i>ail  with  an  upright  handle,  used  for  Yarious  purposes  of 
brewing,  dairy- work,  &c. — Wem  ;  Whitchxjrch  ;  Elleshere. 

'  He  beareth  Azure,  a  Milk-Pail,  Argent  This  is  the  Badge  and 
Cognizance  of  the  Milk-Maids,  whom  I  have  heard  giYe  this  sort  of 
Yessel  seYeral  denominations ;  of  some  it  is  called  a  Pail,  a  Cruck,  an 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.      45 

Eshon ;  of  others  a  BoukJ* — Academy  of  Armory ^  Bk.  IH.,  ch.  yiii. 
p.  335. 

A.S.  6tic,  a  bucket.    See  Bk.  11.,  The  Bovk,  '  A  Descriptive  Poem.' 

(3)  eh.  a  large  barrel  used  for  drawing  water  in  sinking  purposes. 
Com.     M.  T. 

(4)  eh.  the  box  of  a  wheel. — PxTLVERBATCH. 

BOUJLJJI  [bou'ki'n],  sKy  obsols.  same  as  Bush  (2). — Pulverbatch  ; 
Glee  Hills. 

BOITSTEB  [bou*8tur'],  sb.,  var,  pr.  a  bolster.     Com. 

BOUT  [bou't],  sh.  a  course  in  knitting  round  a  stocking. — Pulver- 
batch ;  Wellinoton.  *  'Ou  bin  *ee  gettin'  on  66th  that  stockin  ? ' 
'  Tm  at  the  quirk  66thin  a  bout  or  two.' 

(2)  eb,  a  turn  once  up  and  down  a  ploughed  field.  Com.  The  number 
of  boute  to  a  *  but'  vanes  according  to  the  nature  of  the  soil,  on  stiff 
land  fewer  than  on  dry,  light  groimd.  To  bout  up  is  to  ridge  ground 
for  turnips. — Glee  Hills. 

(3)  sb.  a  turn  of  illness.  Com.  '  Pm  glad  to  'ear  poor  John's  better^ 
'e's  'ad  a  bad  b<mt  on  it ;  'e's  bin  o'  the  oox  three  months.'  On  the  box 
means  dependent  on  the  sick  club. 

(4)  eb.  a  ^arty. — Pulverbatch.  *  They'd'n  a  big  bout  at  the  uwer 
'ouse  las'  wik.' 

BOTTTHEBS  [bou'dhur'z],  sh.pL  boulders ;  paving-stones. — Newport. 

BOUmr  Pbou'ti'n],  usual  pronunciation  of  *boltin,'  q.  v.  James 
France  of  Pulverbatch  said  of  an  uncomely  woman-servant  that; 
'  'Er  wuz  jest  like  a  boutin  o'  straw  66th  one  bun'  roimd  it.'  See 
Bund.     Cf.  Bautin. 

BOW  [boa*],  sh.  a  st^el  fire-guard  encompassing  the  kitchen  fire« 
place.  Bings  usually  encircle  the  top  rod  of  the  bow  for  the  children 
to  play  with. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch.    Qy.  com. 

BOWEBY  [bou'h'r'i'],  sb.  a  bower;  a  shady  recess. — Shrewsbury; 
Much  Westlock, 

BOW-HAITLEB,  BOWHATJLIEB  [buo'au-lur',  buo'au-lyur'],  sb., 
obeole,  a  man  who  by  means  of  a  rope  drags  a  barge  along  the  Severn. 
— Much  Wenlock.  The  firet  form  of  the  word  obtains  between  Coal- 
port  and  Buildwas ;  the  eecond  about  Cressage. 

'  With  regard  to  the  mode  of  hauling  barges,  an  obvious  improve- 
ment would  be  the  opening  of  a  good  towing-path  along  the  river,  and 
the  substitution  of  horses  for  men  in  this  slavinh  labour.  That  this 
project  is  perfectly  feasible,  even  on  the  most  difficult  banks,  has  been 
shown  by  the  laudable  and  successful  experiment  of  Mr.  Beynolds,  of 
Ketley,  who  formed  a  path  for  horses  near  his  manufactories  at  Ccial- 
port,  and  carried  it  on  through  rugged  banks,  and  over  some  of  the 
worst  fords,  for  a  distance  of  two  miles,  to  the  Iron  Bridge.' — Rev.  J. 
Niohtinoale's  Deecription  of  Shropehire,  p.  41,  ed.  1810. 

BOWL  [bou'l],  (1)  sh.  a  child's  hoop. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch  ; 
Ellesmere.  '  Now,  Tummy,  dunna  bring  yore  bowl  o'  the  causey ; 
g66  i'  the  lane,  yo'n  '&ve  a  better  run  theer.' 


46  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  trundle ;  to  wheel,  as  of  a  perambulator,  &c. — Shbewb- 
buey;  Pulvehbatch  ;  Mtjch  Wenlock.  An  inquiry  after  an 
inyalid  girl  was  answered  by  the  assurance  that  she  was  better,  as 
she  had  been  howled  out  in  her  chair. 

BOX-BAEBOW  [bok*sbaar''u'],  sb.  a  hand-barrow  for  canying  cut 
grass.  — Elles^ebe. 

BOZ-HABBY,  v.  n.,  si  1  to  take  things  as  they  are ;  to  '  rough  it.^ — 
Shbewsbuby  ;  Clee  Hills.    Qy.  com. 

BBABE  [br'aid'l,  (1)  eh.  breadth:  width.— Pultebbatch.  'The 
brade  o'  my  'and.' 

'  &  deliuer  l^e  londes  a-ien  *  in  lengl^e  ft  in  brede,* 

WHUam  of  Paleme,  I  3065. 
A.S.  brdde,  breadth ;  width. 

(2)  $b.  a  breadth  or  width  of  any  kind  of  stuff  from  selyage  to 
selvage. — Shbewsbuby  ;  Pulveebatch  ;  Wem  •  Ellesmebe.  *  *0w 
many  bradei  han  'ee  got'n  in  yore  gownd  ?  it  looks  mighty  skimity.' 

BBABLINO  [br'ad'li'n],  part  adj,  brooding :  as  a  hen  over  her 
chickens.— Wem;  Whitchubch.  A.S.  brcedan,  to  spread;  to  stretch 
out.    Cf.  Broodle. 

BBAO  [br'ag-]^  sb,  praise;  boast.  Com.  'Han  'ee  tasted  Claims 
drink  lately  Y  They  praisen  it  oncommon.'  *  Ugh  I  good  beer  needs 
no  brag.* 

Cf.  *  Good  wine  needs  no  bush.* — See  P.  PL  Cr.,  1.  706. 

BBAOOABLE  [br'agu'bl],  adj.  very  good  ;  commendable. — Pulveb- 
batch.  "Ow^s  Dick  hW'  'is  plack?'  *OhI  'e  see  it's  nuthin* 
braggahh,  they  bin  cummudgin  sort  o'  folks.' 

« 

BBAGGLDT  [br'ag'lin],  part.  adj.  swaggering;  boasting. — WsL- 
LiKOTON.  *  Oud  Barber  wuz  bragglirC  o'er  them  byests  o'  'isn  at 
the  for.' 

BBAHDABTS  [br'and-ur'ts],  sb.  pi.,  oJ)8.  four  iron  arms  fixed  into 
the  *  boss '  of  a  spindle,  in  a  flour-mill,  for  the  purpose  of  carrying 
the  upper  mill-stone.  Com.  What  are  called  *  balance-irons '  nav9 
now  superseded  the  old  brandarts.    See  Boss  (1). 

BBAITD-IBOH   [br'andei-'ur'n],  (1)  sb.  ohs.^l  a  branding-iron;  an 

instrument  employed  to  brand  horses  or  cattle  with  their  owners' 

names,  when  animals  belonging  to  different  persons  were  turned  out 

.  on  the  same  hill-common.    The  brand-iron  was  made  hot  to  sear  the 

animal  with  the  stamp.    Com.    See  Bum-mark. 

(2)  ab.  a  similar  instrument  to  the  foregoing,  stiU  used  for  branding 
agricultural  implements,  such  as  spades,  forks,  ftc.,  with  the  owner's 
name.     Com. 

(3)  ab.f  oba.  a  frame  to  keep  up  the  logs  on  the  fire. — Bishop's 
Castle. 

*  The  kytchynge  ...  six  broches,  two  brandirons^  one  fire  forke.' — 
Inventory  .  .  .  Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 

A.S.  brandAwn^  a  tripod  or  andiron ;  an  *  iron '  to  support '  brands' 
of  wood. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     47 

BKAHD-TAIL  psr'an'tail],  sb.  Ruticilla  phtenieura,  the  Redstart. 
— Clttx.  The  name  Brand-tail  has  like  allusion  with  Redstart  to  the 
flame-coloured  feathers  in  the  bird's  tail.    Cf.  Fire  Brand-tail. 

BKA8H  [br'ash*],  (\)  ah,  the  loppings  off  trees  used  for  heating  brick 
OTens,  &c.  Com.  *  I*ve  got  a  famous  '55d-pil ;  the  Maister  soud  me 
the  hrash  off  two  ash  trees  for  ten  shillin*,  an*  it'll  las*  me  a  twel'- 
month.'    See  Cordwood.    Cf.  Trouse. 

r2)  th.  a  watery  rash  or  eruption  on  the  sldn. — Pttlyebbatgh. 
'  Tne  child*s  got  a  brash  on  'im  like  as  if  'e  wuz  nettled ;  but  I  spect 
il^s  on'y  throm  'is  tith.' 

BKASS  fbr'ass'],  {\)  sh,  copper  coin.  Com.  '  I  tell  John  'e  should 
ax  the  Maister  to  pay  'is  wages  in  silver,  for  agen  I've  lugged  two 
fiye-shillin'  papers  o'  brass  all  the  way  to  Sosebry ;  it  swags  me  down.' 
The  brass  thus  spoken  of  was  the  heavy  copper  money  of  the  reign  of 
Qeorge  IIL ;  *  two  five  shillin'  papers  *  of  which  would  weigh  seven 
and  a  half  pounds  avoirdupois.  The  term  broM  is  now  (1877)  occasion- 
ally heard  as  slang  for  money  of  any  kind ;  but  it  is  really  a  respect- 
able old  word  in  the  restricted  sense  of  copper — or  its  equivalent, 
bronze— coin. 

•  Wi)>-out  pite,  piloure  •  pore  men  )>ow  robbedest, 
And  here  here  bras  at  ^i  bakke  '  to  caleys  to  selle.' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  iii.  1.  195. 
See  also  St.  Matt.  x.  9. 

(2)  sb.  shamelessness ;  impudence.    Com.    '  'Er's  got  a  &ce  as  big 
as  a  warmin'-pon,  an'  as  much  brass  in  it.' 

'  Can  any  face  of  brcuis  hold  longer  out.' 

Love*s  Lahour  Lost,  Y.  ii,  39A. 

BKASST  [br'ass'i'],  adj.  bold ;  shameless.  Com.  '  That's  a  brassy ^ 
impudent  young  scoundrel;  'e'll  stick  at  nuthin  short  o  the  gallus.' 

BBAT  [br'at*],  (\)  ab.  a  coarse  '  over-all '  made  with  sleeves,  worn  by 
dairy-maids  wnen  milking. — Pxtlyebbatch.    Qy.  com. 

'  And  a  bratt  to  walken  in  by  daylight.' 

Chaucer,  C.  T.,  1.  16349. 

A.S.  bratt,  a  cloak.  W.  brat,  a  clout ;  a  rag.  GhieL  brai,  a  mantle ; 
apron  ;  doth,  in  Wedg. 

(2)  sb,  a  child's  pinafore.    Com.    Cf.  Barrow. 

(3)  sb.  a  contemptuous  term  for  a  child.    Com. 

'  Thy  braJt  hath  been  cast  out,  like  to  itself, 
No  father  owning  it.'— IFtn<er'«  TaU,  m.  ii.  88. 

BEAWH  [br'aun-],  ab,  a  boar  pig.     Com. 

'A  brmded  pig  will  make  a  good  brawn  to  breed  on.'— Bat's 
Proverbs,  p.  62. 
C£  Boar-seg.    See  *  Brawne  of  a  bore '  in  Prompt,  Parv.,  p.  48. 

BRAZIL  [br'az'il],  ab,  iron  pyrites ;  avlphuret  of  iron,  of  which  the 
comnonent  parte  average  —  sulphur,  52*16;  iron,  47 '85.  —  Com. 
M.  T.  Brazil  is  found  chiefly  in  the  *  yard  coal.'  William  Humphreys 
of  Arscott,  a  collier,  described  it  as  *  growing '  in  large  round  masses 
of  a  hundred-weight  or  more,  very  hard,  but  when  cut  through 


48  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

resembling^  broken  brass  in  appearance.  He  said  be  bad  once  mefL 
witb  some  in  the  *  thin  coal '  at  Le  Botwood,  but  it  was  *  very  rar  to 
find  it  out  o'  the  yard  coal.'  Brazil  is  so  extremely  bard  as  to  have 
given  rise  to  a  common  proverbial  saying,  '  As  bard  as  brazil.*  It, 
however,  decomposes  rapidly  when  laid  in  heaps  and  moistened  with* 
water.  Vitriol  is  made  from  it.  This  mineral — though  not  known 
in  the  locality  as  brazil — occurs  in  large  masses  in  the  Flintshire  coal 
measure.  One  seam  is  called  the  '  brassy  coal,'  from  the  quantity  of 
it  mingled  with  the  coal.     Cf.  *  Brasyle  *  in  Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  47. 

BBEAD  AVD  CHEESE  [br*ed'un  cbeez],  (1)  «5.  the  Yellow  Ammer. 
So  called  from  the  peculiar  intonation — almost  articulation— of  its 
song. — Bridonorth.    See  Blacksmith. 

(2)  bK  the  first  young  leaves  of  the  hawthorn :  children  eat  these, 
and  call  them  bread  and  cheese. — Shrewsbury  ;  Ellesmere. 

(3)  tb.  the  seed-vessels  of  Malva  sylvestria^  common  Mallow :  eaten 
by  children  as  bread  and  cheese. — Shrewsbttry  ;  Weu.     Cf.  Cheeses. 

BBEAK  fbr'aik'l  v.  n.  the  explanation  of  this  may  be  given  by 
citing  Ml*.  G.  Christopher  Davies  in  the  following : — 

*  There  is  a  peculiarity  of  the  EUesmere  water  which  I  can  scarcely 
account  for,  but  which,  I  am  informed,  some  other  sheets  of  water  in 
England  also  present.  To  use  the  local  name,  it  breaks.  Every 
summer,  for  a  longer  or  shorter  time,  the  water  becomes  full  of  some 
matter  held  in  suspension.  In  appearance  it  is  like  small  bran, 
rendering  it  impossible  sometimes  to  see  more  than  a  foot  through  the 
water.  The  mei*e  becomes  of  a  greenish  hue,  and  to  leeward,  where 
it  is  the  worst,  it  gives  rise  to  a  verv  disagreeable  smell.  It  is  always 
worse  in  hot  weather.  To  the  eye  the  matter  held  in  suspension  seems 
to  consist  of  husk-like  pieces  of  fibre,  such  as  might  be  stripped  off  a 
plant.  From  this  I  was  inclined  to  think  that  the  Anacharis  is  chiefly, 
to  blame  for  this  appearance,  and  that  in  some  way  tht^  outer  coating 
of  the  plant  sloughs  off  and  floats  during  its  decay  in  the  water.  This 
is,  however,  but  a  supposition.  The  other  meres  do  not  break  to 
such  an  extent,  but  they  are  not  so  full  of  the  Anacharis,  and  the 
water  is  probably  purer.  While  the  water  is  broken  the  fish  refuse 
to  bite. 

*A  correspondent  of  the  Field  said  the  organism  causing  the 
break  was  Ectrinella  articulata^  a  doubtful  genus,  some  authors  con- 
sidering it  a  vegetable,  and  some  an  animal  organism.  It  is  depicted 
in  Sowerby's  English  Botany,  vol  xxii.  p.  208,  tab.  2555.' — Mountain, 
Meadow,  and  Mere,  pp.  16,  17,  ed.  1873. 

BBEAKSTXFFF  [br^ee-kstuf],  sb.,  var.  pr.  breakfast.— Colliery. 

BBEAK  THE  TEAE,  pkr.  this  is  a  term  of  servant-life.  In  the 
rural  districts  it  is  customary  to  'hire'  for  the  year,  and  servants 
leaving  before  the  expiration  of  the  twelve-months  are  said  to  break 
the  year,  which  it  is  considered  a  discreditable  thing  to  do,  and  loss  of 
*a  character*  may  be  the  penalty.  Com.  In  the  N.  and  N.E. 
borders  of  Shropshire,  Christmas  is  the  *  hiring-time,'  but  throughout 
the  county  generally,  it  is  on  or  about  the  first  of  May.  *  Bessy  mak's 
a  many  Mays  i'  the  *ear,  an'  'er's  send  'er  yamest  back  twize  this 
'irin' ;  'er  broke  'er  *ear  from  Longd  n,  an'  agen  from  the  Moat :  'er's 
a  rollin'  stwun  an'  that  never  gethers  no  moss.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.      49 

BSEAE-TTP  [br'aik'up],  v,  n,  to  clear  up  :  said  of  the  weather.  Com. 

*  What  do  you  think,  James,  will  it  be  fine  to-day  ? '  *  I  dunna  know 
whad  to  say,  ma'am,  the  weather's  caselty  ;  but  W-appen  it  'U  breaks 
up,*  They  say,  too,  the  clouds  will  break-up ;  that  is,  open  and  dis- 
perse. Compare  with  this  Shakespeare's  use  of  the  term,  in  the  sense 
of  to  bieak  open. 

'  Lton.  Break  up  the  seals  and  read.' 

Winter's  TaJe,  HI.  ii.  132. 

*  OUm,  Break  up  the  gates,  111  be  your  warrantize.' 

1  K.  Henry  VL,  I.  iii  13. 

BBEAST  [br'est-],  v.  a.  To  breast  a  hedge  is  to  lay  thorn-boughs  on 
the  top  of  the  hedge-bank,  to  prevent  sheep  or  other  animals  browsins 
the  h^ge,  or  breaking  down  tiiie  top  of  the  bank. — ^Ellesmebe.  C£ 
Beard  (2). 

BBEBIT.  See  Brevit  (1).  An  old  woman  said  of  a  cat  that  was 
continually  hunting  about  for  food,  ^'Er's  al'ays  ibbidgin'  an' 
snibbidgin',  an'  brebitin*  about.' 

BBEE  [br'ee-],  sb,  Tdhanua  bovinus;  the  Gad-fly.— Pulvbrbatch  ; 
Clee  Hills;  Wem.    Cf.  Breese. 

BBEECH  [br'i'ch-],  v,  a.,  obsoUA  to  cut  the  wool  from  about  the 
roots  of  the  sheep  s  tails  before  shearing-time. — Pulvebbatch.  *  'E's 
gwun  to  brich  them  ship.'    Cf.  Burl. 

BKEECHINO-WOOL  [br'i'ch-in  661],  ab,,  obsoUA  the  wool  cut  off 
as  described  above. — Ibid,  It  is  used  for  padding  harness.  *That 
brichin-ddl  mun  be  weshed  an'  sprad  i'  the  sun ;  the  sadler  'II  want  it 
nex'  wik.'    Cf.  Barlings. 

BBEESE  [br'eez*],  sh,  same  as  Bree,  q.  v. — ^Wbm. 

'  The  breese  upon  her,  like  a  cow  in  June.' 

Antony  and  Cleopatra,  III.  x.  14. 

'Etc  brucus,  a  breas.' — Nominale,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i. 
p.  223.  *Brese.' — Locusta,  asilus.  *A  brese,  atelabus,  brucuSy  vel 
locusta,* — Cath.  Anql.     *  Atelabus,  a  waspe  or  a  brese.' — Obt.  Voc. 

*  Brese  or  long  flye,  prester,* — ^Falsq.    A.S.  brimsa,  tahajiuB.— Prompt. 
Parv.  and  Notes,     Gt.  Briz. 

BEEVIT,  BBEBIT,  BBIVIT  [br'evi't],  Pulvebbatch;  Cleb  Hills; 
Ludlow,  [br'eb-i't],  Whitchurch.  [br'ivi't],SHBEW8BUBY;  Cluk; 
Wem;  Eloismebe. 

(1)  v.  w.  to  search;  to  pry;  to  examine  inquisitively.  *  Who's  bin 
hrevitin'  i'  my  diuwer  P  ever  see  sich  a  rumpus  it's  in. 

(2)  [br'evi't],  Pulvebbatch.  [br'ivi't],  Shbewsbubt;  Clun, 
sb,  a  minute  search.  '  I've  lost  the  kay  o'  the  owd  beer,  an'  canna 
find  it  up  nur  down ;  but  Til  '&ve  another  brevit  for  it.'    C£  Hunt. 

BBIABrBOSS  [brei*ur'  boss*],  sb.  the  gall  of  the  Wild  Hose,  formed  by 
the  insect  known  as  Cynips  rosde.  See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &c.,  *  Super* 
stitious  Cures '  {toothache).    Cf.  Bnzzy  balL 

BBIBIT    [br'ibi't],  sb.  a  short   visit.  —  Whitohubce,   WhixalL 

E 


50  8HB0PSHIRX  WORD-BOOK. 

'  Where's  Margaret — ^isn't  she  at  home  P '     '  No,  or,  bat  *er*8  on'y 
gwun  on  a  hribit  to  owd  Molly  Price's.' 

BBICKLE  [br'ik-1],  adj\  brittle.— Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  « Chaps, 
yo'  mun  mind  *ow  yo'  'ondlen  that  com ;  the  straw's  despert  hrickU — 
yo'n  lose  all  the  yeds.'    Cf.  Britchy. 

'  Fndle,  brickie^  soone  broken.  Fra^ilis*  Brickie  glass  was  quickly 
dashed  a  simder.  Futilis  glades  ictu  dissiluit.  Virg.* — Babet, 
Alvearie,  A.D.  1580. 

BRlDE-WEED^sb,  Lindria  vulgaris,  yellow  Toad-flax. — Shbewsburt. 

BRIEF  [br'i'f'J,  (1)  adj.  prevalent;  general.  Com.  'Han  yore 
childem  'ad  the  maizles  ?  I  'ear  as  a  bin  mighty  bri/  about'  Bailey 
has  brief,  common  or  rife,  ed.  1782. 

(2)  adj.  busy  ;  bustling. — ^WsM ;  Ellesmere.  *  'Er  wuz  that  brtf 
about  clanin'  the  'ouse  down  w'en  I  seed  'er,  'er  couldna-d-aw'ile  to 
spake  to  me.' 

(3)  adv.  <}uick. — Clxtk.  '  Now  then,  be  brif  an'  finish  that  job.' 
Compare  with  this  Shakespeare's  use  of  the  term  in  the  following 
citation : — 


-Follow  me  with  speed ;  FU  to  the  king : 


A  thousand  businesses  are  brief  in  hand/ 

K,  John,  TV.  iiL  158. 

(4)  $b.  a  writing  setting  forth  the  circumstances  by  which  a  poor 

gerson  has  incurred  loss,  as  by  fire — the  death  of  a  horse,  cow,  dbc. 
uch  a  one  takes  the  brif  about  to  collect  money  for  his  indemnifica- 
tion.—Worthen. 

BBDQLES  [br*im-blz],  sb.pl.y  var.  pr.,  ohs.'i  brambles. — Pulver- 
batch.    *  I  mim  push  tuthree  brimbUe  i'  the  glat  till  it  can  be  tined.' 

BSITCHT  [br'ich-r],  adj.  brittle.— Wem.  '  The  straw's  that  britchy 
yo  canna  'ardly  tie  it  up  into  boutins.'  A.S.  breatan,  to  break.  Gf. 
Brickie. 

BBIVrr.    See  Brevit  above. 

BBIZ  [br'iz*],  corrupted  form  of  Breese,  q.  v. — Wtat. 

BBOACH  [br'oa'ch],  (1)  sb.,  obs.  the  woollen  yam  wound  on  the 
spindle  as  it  was  spun  from  the  wheel.  It  was  shaped  somewhat  like 
the  'float'  of  a  flshiiu^-line,  high  in  the  middle,  and  tapering  at  each 
end,  and  was  about  nve  inches  in  length.  A  piece  of  paper  twisted 
round  the  spindle  made  the  foundation  upon  which  the  broach  was 
constructed,  and  held  it  firm  when  taken  off.  To  give  it  additional 
support  when  removed  firom  the  spindle  for  the  nurther  process  of 
winding  for  twisting,  a  stick  was  passed  through  it.  It  is  probable 
that  it  owed  its  name  to  this  stick,  which  was — in  ee — ^the  broach 
proper. — Pulverbatch.  '  If  yo'  bin  gwSIn  to  wind  that  yom,  mind 
an'  nod  scrobble  the  nose  o'  the  broach,  or  yo'n  'ftve  it  in  a  soor 
mess.'  O.F.  broche,  brocgw. — ^BuB.  Brocque  meant  a  great  variety 
of  pointed  things  of  wood  or  iron. — ^PlCK. 

(2)  V.  a.,  obtoU.  to  transfix  as  with  a  spit — Pulverbatch.    '  'Er 
broaisUd  the  spit  right  through  the  breast  o'  the  turkey.' 


OLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     51 

*  BroacKd  mth  the  steely  point  of  ClifPord's  lance.' 

3  Hmry  F/.,  XL  iii.  16. 

O.F.  hrocer,  hrocher,  piquer. — Btjh, 

BSOACHEE  [br'oa'chur*],  sb.  a  very  lai^e  sharp-pointed  knife. — 
PtJLVEKBATCH ;  Whitc?htjrch.  *  This  is  a  good  broacher  for  a  flitchen.' 
About  Whixall  (Whitchurch)  the  term  broacher  is  applied  to  anything 
Tery  large.  This  has  probably  arisen  from  the  association  of  ideas 
between  the  big  knife  and  the  great  pieces  it  is  required  to  cut. 

BROCKT.     See  Blooky. 

BBOOOIL  [br'og-i'l],  ah.  brawl ;  angry  squabble. — ^Wem.  A  person 
on  Stanton-on-Hine  Heath  said,  '  Them  theer  neighbours  of  ours  bin 
aukert  folks  to  live  anunst,  but  we  never  consam  *em,  an'  so  we  never 
'ive  no  broggil  wuth  'em.'  W.  broch,  din ;  wrath :  brochuB^  a  fuming ; 
blustering.  Of.  ItaL  imbroglio,  perplexity;  trouble:  imbroglioM^  a 
fomenter  of  quarrels.    E.  broil,  a  contraction  of  broggil. 

BBOODLE  [br'oo'dl],  v,  a.  to  brood,  as  a  hen  over  her  chickens. — 
Ptjlverbatch  ;  Nbwpoet;  Wem;  Ellesmebb.    Cf .  Bradling. 

BBOODY  [br'oo'di'],  adj.  A  hen  when  wanting  to  sit  is  said  to  be 
broody.    Com. 

B&OOIT  [br'ooi'tl  sb.  a  good  bite  of  herbage. — Cleb  Hills.  *'E'8 
a  ploughin'  up  that  meado',  an'  theer's  a  good  brooit  on  it  for  the 
yeows."  Fr.  brouter,  to  browse ;  to  nibble,  it  is  proverbially  said  by 
the  French  of  an  industrious  man.  '  L'herbe  sera  bien  courte  s'il  ne 
trouve  de  quoi  brouter.* — Chahb. 

BBOOZLE  [br'oo'zl],  same  as  Broodle. — Worthen  ;  Wem. 

BBOSELET  [br'oa*zli'],  ab.  a  clay  pipe :  so  called  from  the  place  of 
its  manufacture — Broseley  (Salop).    Com. 

BBOSTEBIHO  rbr'os-tur'inj,  adj.  domineering;  overbearing. — 
Whitchubch,  yVhixall.  *Sich  a  brosterin*  fellow  'e  is.'  BroHer, 
greatness ;  majesty. — Lexicon  Cornu-Britannicum. 

BBOTH  [br^oth*],  sb.  broth,  always  in  the  plural  Com.  '  They  bin 
good ;  lef  s  han  tuthree  more.' 

BBOTHE  [br'oa'dh],  v.  a.  to  thicken  broth  with  oatmeal  or  flour. — 
Shrewsbitby;  Pulvebbatoh;  Wortiien;  Clun.  *  The  Missis  come 
i'  the  kitchen  to  get  the  chaps  breakfasts,  an  'er  took  waiter  an'  bacon 
liquor  an'  brothed  it  66th*  flour ;  but  the  chaps  they  couldna  bar  it, 
an  my  brother  'e  comen  wham,'  said  a  young  servant-girL 

BBOTHDr  [br'oa'dhin],  sb.  oatmeal  or  flour  put  into  broth  to  give  it 
consistency. — ibid. 

BBOITSE  Fbr'ous'],  sb.y  obsoh.  the  flner  trimmings  of  hedges,  such 
as  brambles,  &c. — ^Mxjoh  Wenlock. 

'  Amang  Uie  brouya  of  the  olyve  twestis 
Seir  smaill  fowlys  wirkand  crafty  nestis.' 

Gawin  Douolas  (a.d.  1513),  Prol.  of  the  XII.  Buk 
of  EneadoB.    Specim.  Eng.  Lit.^  xiu.  L  165. 

O.Fr.  hroee,  menu  bois,  brousia%Ue$  (derive  de  broce), — Bxtb^    Cf. 
Bnuhings.    See  Trouse. 

■  2 


52  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

BROwiS  [bi'ou'is],  sb.  a  pottage  made  by  pouring  boiling  water  upon 
slices  of  oread  seasoned  with  pepper  and  salt,  and  adding  to  it  a  lump 
of  butter  and  a  shred  of  onion.    Com. 

'  They  thank'd  him  all  with  one  consent, 

But  especially  maister  Powes, 
Desiring  him  to  bestow  no  cost, 
But  onely  beefe  and  browes,* 

Kin^s  Halfe-Pennywwrth  of  Wit,  1613,  in  Wb. 

^  Hoc  pulmentum,  browys.' — Nominale,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs., 
Tol.  i.  p.  241.    A.S.  briWf  pottage. 

BBOWH  SHEELEES  [br'oun  sheelur'z],  sh.pl  hazel  nuts  fully  ripe 
and  ready  to  drop  out  of  their  husks.  Com.  *  I  got  a  pocketle  o^ 
nuts  o'  Sunday,  an'  they  wun  atimust  all  brown  $heelers;  it  looks  as  if 
Pousbry  Wakes  wimna  fare  ofE.' 

BEOW  SQUAEE  [br'ou-  squaa'r'],  «6.,  obs.  a  three-cornered  linen 
kerchief  bound  about  the  head  of  a  new-bom  baby. — Wob.then.  Cf. 
Cross-cloth. 

BETJCE  [br'uk*],  sb.,  var.  pr.  a  brook.  Com.  A.S.  brde,  a  spring; 
brook;  rivulet. 

BETTH  [br*um'],  (1)  ab.  C^tisus  Scoparius,  common  Broom.  Com. 
The  young  shoots  of  broom  yield  a  fine  bitter,  and  a  decoction  of  them 
is  frequently  taken  as  a  tome  under  the  generic  term  of  *yarb  tay.* 
They  are  also  from  the  same  property  occasionally  used  instead  of 


power  better  o5th  some  barley 

(2)  *  It  inna  wuth  Vile  sendin'  for  'ops  for  this  drop  o'  fresh  drink ; 
get  a  'antle  o'  nice  young  brum,* 

*  In  the  Corporation  Acooimts  of  Shrewsbury,  1519,  it  is  ordered 
that  brewers  are  not  to  use  hops  in  their  brewings  under  a  penalty  of 
vis.  yiijd.  Hops  were  in  use  some  time  before  this,  for  in  1428  the 
Parliament  were  petitioned  to  preyent  the  use  of  them,  as  being  a 
wicked  weed.* — Phillip's  Hisi&ry  of  Shrewsbury ,  p.  168. 

Perhaps  broom  was  used  at  that  time  for  bittering  ale.  See  Bk.  U., 
Folklore,  &c.,  '  Superstitions  concerning  Plants.' 

(4)  ab.  Oalium  verum,  yellow  Bed-straw. — Cbayen  Asms. 

BETJMMOCK  [br'um*u'k],  ab.  a  short,  strong  hook  for  wood- 
cutting purposes.  Com.  *  Weer's  John  Roberts  gwun  ?  *  *  I  spect 
'e's  gwun  up  to  the  uwer  groun'  to  tine ;  I  sid  'im  tak'  'is  brummock 
an'  mittens  an'  'is  bayte-bag.' 

'  .  .  .  Hee  was  sent  to  Shrewsbury  goale  for  fellony,  where  hee 
hired  a  silly  boy  to  procure  him  instruments  to  breake  prison.  The 
boy  brought  to  him  a  bar  of  iron  and  a  broaken  broome  hooke,  and 
with  these  he  pulled  out  seyerall  stones,  and  made  a  hole  through 
the  stone  wall  of  the  dungeon,  and  soe  escaped,  but  left  the  tooles 
behinde  him.' — Gk)UQH'B  History  of  Middle,  p.  80. 

BEXnTD  [br'ond'],  Pulysbbatoh.    [bran*],  Wsm,  ab.  a  logot  wood. 


QLOSSABT  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     53 

'  P&t  a  good  hrund  o'  the  fire  an'  back  it  56tlL  slack,  an*  then  it  11  las' 
all  the  onder.' 

*  So  )>at  child  wi>-drawe)'  is  hond. 
Prom  ^e  far  &  \>e  brond, 
)>at  h&p  bjfore  bue  brend 
Brend  child  fur  drede)> ! 
Quo})  Hendyng.' 

Proverbs  of  Hendyng  (A.I>.  1272 — 1307). 
Specim.  Early  Eng,^  iii.  1.  185. 

*  Bronde  of  fyre.  Facula^fax,  ticio  torris,* — Prompt  Parv,  *  Hie  fax 
— cis,  a  bronde/ — Nominale,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  229.  Of. 
Christmas  brund. 

BSirSH  [bfush-],  (1)  ab.  stubble :  of  leguminous  crops  only. — Cleb 

(2)  V,  a.  to  take  a  crop  of  peas,  beans,  or  vetches  oft  a  field. — Ibid. 

(3)  V.  a.  to  trim  hedges.    Com. 

'  Of.  Fr.  bro8ser,  courir  k  travers  des  bois  &  des  brousaiUes :  to  run 
through  woods  or  bushes ;  to  brush  along.' — Chamb.  Also,  *  Brusche, 
Bruscus,* — Prompt,  Parv, 

BKXFSHIHO-HGOK,  sb.  a  sickle-shaped  hook  with  a  long  handle, 
used  for  brushing  hedges.    Com.     Cf.  Bill. 

BBirSHHTO'S,  sb.pl.  the  trimmings  off  hedges.     Com. 

'  BrossailleSf  broussailUsy  epines,  ronces,  &c.,  croissant  dans  les 
for^ts  &  en  d'autres  endroits :  briars ;  thorns ;  brambles ;  bushes.' 
— Chahb.  *  Bruschalle,  Sarmenium  ;  earnenium;  arbusium,' — Prompt, 
Parv.    Cf.  Brouse. 

BBTTSTEH  [br'us'tu'n],  pari,  past,  broken.— Wellington.     Cf.— 

*  &  wolden  brusten  \>e  best '  nad  he  be  the  luttere.' 

William  o/Palerne,  1.  154. 

where  brusten  has  the  meaning  of  hurt  severely ;  damaged. 

Brusten  =  A.S.  borsten,  p.p.  of  berstan,  to  burst  Berstan  became 
bresten  in  Chaucer.    Cf.  IceL  bres;  Swed.  brista,  to  break  violently. 

BUCK  [buk*],  (1)  sb,  a  T  shaped  end  to  the  plough-beam,  having 
notches  in  it  for  the  purpose  of  regulating  the  draught  of  the  plough. 
The  *  shackle'  goes  into  it  to  which  the  horses  are  yoked.  Cf. 
Ck>psil  (3). 

'The  Buck  is  the  iron  which  the  Horses  are  tyed  unto.' — Academy 
of  Armory,  Bk.  HI.  ch.  viii.  p.  333. 

(2)  V,  a.,  obs,  to  wash  heavy,  coarse  linen,  or  the  home-spun  yam 
of  which  it  was  commonly  made,  by  the  process  described  under 
Buck-wesh  below. — Pulverbatch.  *We  sha'n  '&ve  a  bumpin' 
weshin'  nex'  wik;  theer's  six  an'  twenty  slippin's  o'  yom  to  buck, 
beside  'afe  as  many  sheets  an'  smocks.' 

'       '  Do-wel  shal  wasshen  and  wryngen  it. 


Do-bet  shal  beten  it  and  bouken  it.' 

Piers  Ply  pass,  xiv.,  L  8939,  ed.  We. 

Wedgwood  says  of  buck,  as  applied  to  washing,  that  'the  true 


54  8HR0PSHIRS  WORD-BOOK. 

deriTation  of  the  word  is  seen  in  Gael,  hog,  moist,  soft,  tender,  and  as 
a  Terb,  to  steep  or  soak.' 
Der.  Bucking  (2).    Gf.  Backing  (1). 

BTTCK-BASKEI  [buk-bas-'ki't],  sb,,  obs.  a  large  basket  used  for 
carrying  the  linen  at  the  'buck-wesh/  q.y. — Pxtlyzbbatoh.  Qy. 
com. 

'  Fal They  conyeyed  me  into  a  buck-haekeL 

Ford,  A  huck-hcuket ! 

Fal,  By  the  Lord,  a  btick-hasket  1  rammed  me  in  with  foul  shirts, 
and  smocks,  socks,  foul  stockings,  greasy  napkins ;  that,  Master 
Brook,  there  was  the  rankest  compound  of  yillanous  smell  that  eyer 
offended  nostriL'— Jf«rry  Wives  of  WindsoTy  HI.  y.  88—92. 

BTTujUJNO  [buk'in],  (1)  «&.  a  state  of  profuse  perspiration ;  a  '  sweat- 
ing,* caused  by  yiolent  exertion,  said  of  man  or  horse. — Pulvee- 
BATCH;  Clun;  Wem.  'I  carried  the  batch  an*  the  bran  throm 
Habberley  Mill,  but  it  gid  me  a  htukin\*  Bucking^  soaking  in  per- 
spiration, may  perhaps  be  referred  to  the  same  root  as  Buck  (2).  Cf. 
Swelter  (2). 

(2)  «(.,  obs,  synonsrm  for  '  buck-weshing,'  q.  y.  A  shortened  form. 
—  PuLyERBATOH.     '  A  bwJcin*  an*  a  soapin'.* 

'  Mrs,  Page,  .  •  .  Look,  here  is  a  basket :  if  he  be  of  any  reasonable 
stature  he  may  creep  in  here :  and  throw  foul  linen  upon  him,  as  if  it 
were  going  to  bucking :  or — it  is  whiting- time— send  him  by  your  two 
men  to  Datchet-mead.' — Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  HE.  iii.  140. 

BlTCKIirO-STOHE.  See  Bnck-wesh.  At  Grub's  Gutter,  near 
Hopton  Castle,  Salop,  there  is  a  large  stone  which  still  (1875)  bears 
the  name  of  the  buckifig-sUme, 

BUCK-LEE  [buk'le-e*n,  sb,,  obs,  a  lye  of  wood-ashes  obtained  from 
burning  green  '  brash  *  or  fern,  the  latter  being  esteemed  the  best. — 
PiTLyEBBATGH.  Qy.  com.  Cf.  Ess-ballB.  See  Bk.  U.,  Folklore,  &c., 
'  Superstitions  concerning  Days  and  Seasons'  (Christmas), 

BUCKLES  [buk'lzl,  sb.pl,  small  pointed  rods  twisted  and  doubled  in 
the  centre,  used  by  thatohers. — Ellesmebe.  Buckles  are  employed 
for  the  top  and  eayes  of  a  roof ;  the  intermediate  thatohing  pegs, 
which  are  not  twisted,  are  called  lugs,  Shakespeare  has  bwckle,  to 
bend. 

'  And  as  the  wreteh,  whose  feyer-weaken'd  joints. 
Like  strengthless  hinges,  buckle  under  life.' 

2  K.  Henry  IV.,  I  i.  141. 

BUCK-WE8H  or  WESHIH'  [buk-wesh-'  or  weshTn],  sb,,  obs,  a 
large  wash  of  heayy,  coarse  linen  which  took  place  about  eyery  three 
months. — PuLyEBBATCH ;  Clun.  Qy.  com.  Li  the  buck-wesh  no  soap 
was  used,  but  the  linen  was  boiled  in  the  budc-lee  described  aboye. 
It  was  then  carried  to  a  neighbouring  stream  or  spring,  and  laid  upon 
a  smooth  stone  or  a  block, — the  *  stoiu '  of  a  tree  standmg  permanently 
by  the  margin  of  the  water  often  seryed  for  the  purpose, — there  the 
linen  was  Maten  with  a  *  batetaff,'  after  which  operation  it  was  well 
*  swilled*  in  the  pure  water.  Tiiis  mode  of  washing  obtained  till 
1832—40,  if  not  later.    A  wash  of  finer  linen  was  caUid  a  '  soaping.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ABOHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     55 

*  Thejr  bin  '&vin'  a  busy  wik  at  Wflderley,  a  big  huck-weshin',  9oapin* 
an*  snip-sheann'.* 

'Mr$.  Ford.  .  .  .  You  were  best  meddle  with  huck-tuaihing,* — 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  UL  iii.  166. 

Gf.  Buck  (2). 

BUDGET  [buj'i't],  sb.  a  satchel  of  bass-matting  in  which  workmen 
carry  their  tools. — Shbewsbuby  ;  Much  Wenlock. 

'O.Fr.  boge^  houge,  sac  (de  cnir),  bogetief  bougette,  Talise;  d*oi!^ 
I'ancien  anglais  bogeU,  aujourd'hiii  budget,  que  nous  avons  emprunt^ 
....  La  racine  de  ce  mot  se  retrouye  dans  le  celtique  et  Pallemand : 
ancien  irlandais  bole;  gaUois  b(dg,  builg,  ahal;  Indga,  de  betgan, 
pelkan.*—BTJR,    Of.  FraiL 

BIFD-HOPE.    See  Hope. 

BUFFEB  rbuf*ur^],  sh,^  si  A  the  master  of  a  household. — Shrews- 
BUBY,  Vjington ;  Whitchubch,  Frees,  *  I  reckon  the  buffer  11  '&ve 
to  pay  for  it'     C£  Oaflter  (1). 

BUFFET-STOOL,  ah.,  obs.  a  stool.  Halliwell  says,  'variously 
described.*  *  The  Low  Parlor^  six  buffett'-stooles.  Inventory  .  .  .  Owl- 
bury  Manor-house,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625.  Bofet,  thre  fotyd  stole.* — 
Tripes.    See  Way's  note.    Prompt.  Farv.,  p.  41.    Cf.  Joint-stool. 

BUFT  [buf't],  (1)  V.  a.f  var.  pr.  to  knock  about  with  any  soft 
substance ;  to  buffet. — Whitghttbch  ;  Ellesmebe.  '  I  took  my  'at 
an'  bu/ted  'im  reet  well  about  the  yed ;  I  wouldna  thrash  'im.' 

(2)  V. «.  to  stammer.— Shbewsbuby  ;  Pulvebbatch  ;  Clun.    *  'Ow 
that  lad  bu/ts  to-day.*     '  Aye,  'e  al'ays  does  'gen  rain.' 

BUFTEB  [buf-tur*],  sb.  a  stammerer. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch  ; 
Clun  ;  Newport.  Cf.  O.E.  buffere,  stutterer,  in  Stbat.  In  Isaiah, 
xxxiL  4,  where  our  yersion  has  '  the  tongue  of  the  stammerers,'  the 
Yulgate  yersion  has  '  lingua  balbonum.*  Wyclif  translates  balbonum 
by  *  of  bufferes.* 

BUFTT  [buf -ti*],  same  as  Buft  (2).— Newport.  *  *Er  bu/iies  a  bit  in 
'er  talk.'     This  term  is  not  commonly  used. 

BUOABO   [boogni'boa],  sb.  an  imaginary  object  of  terror;  a  hob- 

foblin. — Pulverbatch  ;  Ludlow.    '  Bugaboos  comin'.  Tummy,  if  yo' 
inna  stilL*     Cf.  Boogie. 

BUOAH  [bSog-h'nl  sb.  the  eyil  spirit ;  the  deyil. — ^Ludlow,  Herefd, 
Border.     *  If  yo*  dunna  be  qweet  PU  let  bugan  tak'  yo.* 

Mr.  Oliphant,  speaking  ox  a  collection  of  poems  which  he  belieyes 
tohayebeen  compiled  Mtween  1220  and  1250,  and  now  printed  in 
*An  Old  English  Miscellanj'  (Early  English  Text  Society),  says, 
'  We  see  in  page  76  a  Celtic  word  brought  into  English,  a  word 
which  Shakespeare  was  to  make  immortal.  It  is  said  that  ^^eedy 
monks  shall  be  **  bitauht  ^e  puke ;  "  that  is,  given  over  to  the  JB^iend. 
The  Welsh  ptvcca  and  bwg  mean  *'  an  hobgoblin;"  hence  come  our 
bugbears  and  bogies  J — Sources  of  Standard  English,  p.  154. 
See  B^gie. 


56  8HR0FSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

BTJOQIES  [buogTz],  same  as  Bugs,  q.v. — ^Pulvebbatch  ;  Ellssmbbb. 

BirOLES  [beu'glz],  ah.pl.  beads  of  any  kind. — Shbbwsbubt. 

BTJOS  [bug'z],  Wem.  pbuog-z],  Ludlow,  sh.pl.  Pediculi  hiimani, 
same  as  Boes,  q.  v.  *  I  ve  bin  dramin*  about  btigs  i'  my  yed ;  theer's 
sure  to  be  sickniss  for  some  on  us  i*  the  'ouse/  said  Jane  Philips  of 
Lee  Brocklehurst.  On  bein^  asked  by  what  name  hugs — as  usually 
understood  by  that  appellation — ^would  be  distinguished  from  these 
ptdiculiy  she  answered*  '  Bed-bugs.* 

*  Bug/  says  Mr.  Cyril  A.  (Jreaves,  *  is  the  old  English  equivalent 
to  the  Latin  insedum,  and  in  Kent  all  insects  are  popularly  called 
higa  .  .  .  Various  kinds  of  insects  are  specified  by  the  suffix  bug  to 
their  own  name,  as  *  beetle-bug/  &c.  The  sleep-staying  pests  which 
only  we  call  btig$,  are  with  them  *  bed-bugs.' — Science  Gossip,  June, 
1874,  p.  140. 

BTTLGE  [bul'zh],  v,  a.,  pec,  to  dint. — ^Ludlow.  *  Somebody's  gid 
that  new  milk-tin  a  fine  knock  an'  bulged  the  side  in.*     Of.  Dinge. 

BULL  [bul*  or  buol*],  sb.  the  'coupling '  which  fastens  harrows  together 
so  as  to  give  fall  play  to  both,  in  accommodating  each  harrow  to  the 
inequalities  of  the  land. — Oube  Hills. 

BULLED  [buol'd],  part,  adj,,  ohsols,  swollen :  said  of  cheese  that 
from  some  cause  generate  fermentation  after  being  pressed,  and  con- 
sequently rise  and  bulce. — Pulvebbatch.  Bmled  is  a  corrupted 
form  of  O.E.  boiled,  swelled. 

'  His  Bodi  was  Boiled  *  for  wra)>)>e  he  bot  his  lippes.' 

Piers  PL,  Text  A,  pass.  v.  1.  67. 

See  also  Exodus  ix.  31.  Dan.  bolne,  Sw.  bulna,  to  swell;  to 
bulge. 

BULL-HEAD  [bul-  or  buol^ed-'],  (1)  sb.  Coitus  gdhio,  Miller's 
Thumb.— Glee  Hells.  Qy.  com.  Of.  *  Hie  mullus  A",  a  bulhyd.'— 
Pictorial  Vocabulary,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  i  p.  253. 

(2^  sb,  the  tadpole. — Pulvebbatch. 

*  A  Frog  [is]  first  a  BulUhead,  then  a  Frog-tail,  then  a  Frog. — 
Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  ii  ch.  xiv.  p.  325. 

BULLIBAO  [bul'iVag],  (1)  v.  a.  to  banter ;  to  teaze. — ^Ltjdlow. 

(2)  sb,  a  banterer ;  a  person  who  teazes. — Ibid,  '  'E's  a  reg'lar 
bullirag—neYeT  lets  one  be.' 

BULLS'  EYES  [buol'z  eiz],  ah.pl,  holes  in  cheese  caused  by  the 
whey  not  having  been  properly  pressed  out,  or  from  having  had  too 
much  rennet  put  into  the  milk. — Pulvebbatch.  *  I  dunna  like  this 
cheese,  it's  got  too  many  bulls^  eyes  in  for  me.*     Of.  Eyes. 

BULL-STUB  [bul-  or  buol-stub],  sb.  a  buU  that  has  been  gelt— Clee 
Hills.    Qy.  com. 

BUM  [bum-],  sb,  a  contracted  form  of  *  bum-bailiff;  a  sheriflTs 
officer.  Oom.  '  I  'ear  theer*s  gwe'in  to  be  a  sale  at  Betchcot,  they'n 
'ad  the  bums  i'  the  'ouse  for  a  fortnii' 


GLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     57 

BTJHBLE  [buin-bl],  ah.  the  Humble  bee ;  one  of  the  species  Bomhus. 
— Clee  Hills.     *  Eh !  theer's  a  big  bumble.* 

BXTMMIL  [bum'il],  v.  a.  to  beat;  to  pound. — Ludlow.  Cf. 
Pommel.    See  B  and  P  in  Qrammar  Outlmes  {conwnarUs). 

BUHD  [bund-],  (1)  pret  and  part,  past,  bound. — Shrewsbukt; 
PuLVEiiBATC?H.  *  Mother,  whad*n  'ee  think !  Tve  jest  aid  'em  takin* 
my  nuncle  off  to  Sosebry  'firmary,  66th  'is  yed  bund  up ;  'e's  fell  off 
the  ruff  at  the  Squire's,  an's  aumust  killed.'  A.S.  bindan,  to  bind ; 
p,  «.,  J»u  bunde.    Cf.  Bond  (1). 

(2)  [bun*  or  bund'],  sb,  same  as  Bond  {2).— -ibid.    See  Boutin. 

BXJHDATION  [-bundai-shu'n],  sb.  an  abundance.  Com.  'Theer'll 
be  a  bundation  o'  fruit  o'  them  ras'b'ry-canes  I  spect.*  Cf.  Abund- 
ation. 

BXnOHL  [bun'ill  sb.  a  beverage  made  from  the  crushed  apples  after 
nearly  all  the  juice  has  been  expressed  for  the  cider.  The  chief  in- 
gredient is  water  ! — Clee  Hills. 

BiniT  [bunt*],  (1)  v.  a.  to  push  with  the  head  as  calves  do.  Com. 
Cf.  Pote. 

(2)  [biint],  sb.,  obaols.  a  third  swarm  of  boes  from  one  hive. — ^New- 
POBT.  The  first  is  the  *  swarm,*  par  excellence ;  the  second,  the  *  cast ;  * 
the  third,  the  bunt ;  the  fourth— of  rare  occurrence — the  *  couch.'  Old 
Dinah  Shuker  of  Edgmond,  a  good  authority,  said  [1874]  of  the  last 
two  terms,  'Very  owd  words  them  bin,  theer's  fe6o  [Gl.  fi'eo*]  as 
knows  o'  them  n^ms  now-a-days.  Folks  getten  noo  n^ms  for 
things.'    CI  Ob  and  Play. 

BITE  [bur'-],  (1)  sh.  the  sweetbread  of  a  calf.     Com. 

(2)  sb.  a  whetstone  for  scythes.     Com. 

(3)  sb.  a  rough  excrescence  on  trees. — Chtjbch  Steetton.  Gael. 
bcrr,  a  knot ;  liunp ;  swelling,  in  Wedq.     Cf.  Canker  (3). 

(4)  sb.  the  hooked  scaly  head  of  Arctium  Lappa,  common  Burdock. 
Com. 

' .  .  .  Hateful  docks,  rough  {lustles,  kecksies,  burs.' 

K.  Henry  V.,  V.  ii.  52. 
Fris.  borre,  burre,    Dan.  borre. — ^Idem  in  "Wedg. 

B1TBL  [bur'l],  v.  a,  to  cut  the  wool  from  about  the  roots  of  sheep's 
tails  before  shearing  time. — ^Pulverbatch  ;  Newpoet  ;  Ellesmebe. 
In  the  manufacturing  of  cloths  the  nrocess  of  clearing  it  of  the  knots, 
ends  of  thread,  and  the  like,  with  little  iron  nippers  caUed  burling^ 
irons,  is  termed  burling.    Todd,  in  Wedg. 

*  Burle  of  clothe,  Tumentum.* — Prompt.  Parv.    Qi.  Breech. 

BTTBLDTOS  [bur'li'nz],  sh.  the  wool  cut  off  as  described  above. — 
ibid.^Gi.  Breeching-wool. 

BTJBH  [bur'n],  sh.  a  burden;  a  bundle. — Shrewsbubt;  Pulvbr- 
BATCH ;  Much  Wenlock  •  Wem.  •  Well,  I  think  Tve  done  my  shar* 
for  to-day.  I  got  a  g66d  bum  o'  laisin  afore  my  breakfast,  an'  two 
senoe;  an'  faX  a  bum  o'  sticks  throm  the  ooppy  to  yeiit  tiie  oven.' 


58  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

*  Then  Isaake  SDeaketh  to  his  &ther,  and  taketh  a  burm  of  stickea, 
and  beareth  after  nis  father,  and  saieth  .  .  .' — Chester  Playe,  1.  65. 

BUBV-MARK,  (1)  sb.,  obs.  the  mark  on  an  animal's  hide  made  by 
the  Brand-iron  (1),  q.  v.— PuLVEaBATOH.    Qy.  com. 

(2)  $b,  the  stamp  of  the  Brand-iron  (2)  on  tools  and  implements. 

Ibid, 

BXTBBOW  [buT'oe],  (1)  v.  a.  to  bore. — Pulverbatch.  *Them  ship 
han  burrowed  thar  backs  i'  the  dyche  bonk  i'  the  sandy  leasow  till  the 
roots  o'  the  trees  bin  bar'.'    Of.  A.S.  borian,  to  bore. 

(2)  adj,  sheltered;  shady — *  the  burrow-eidid  of  the  hedge.'— Much 
Wbnlock. 

'  \>iB  cowherd  comes  on  a  time  *  to  kepen  his  bestes 
Fast  by-side  l^e  bortvj  '  {^ere  \>e  bam  was  inne.' 

William  of  Faleme,  L  9. 
A.S.  beorgan,  to  shelter:  beorh,  a  defence;  refuge.    Cf.  Succourful. 

BXTBT  [baeVi*],  (1)  sb,  a  labbit-borrow. — Ludlow,  Bur/ord.  'A.S. 
beorh.    Cf.  Burrow  (2). 

(2)  sb.  a  hole  in  the  ground  in  which  potatoes  are  kept  for  winter 
use,  covered  with  straw  and  soil. — Ludlow  ;  Newpoet.  A.S.  beorgan, 
to  protect ;  keep ;  preserve.    CI  Hod,  Hog,  and  Tump. 

BITSH  [buosh*],  (1)  sb,  an  iron  socket  fastened  into  the  centre  or 
*  eye '  of  the  lower  mill-stone,  in  which  the  spindle  that  carries  the 
upper  mill-stone  rotates.    Com.    See  Cockhead. 

(2)  sb,  that  part  of  a  wheel  which  fits  into  the  nave,  and  in  which 
the  axle  works:  it  is  made  of  iron,  and  fastened  inside  the  nave  or 
centre  of  the  wheel  by  means  of  lon^tudinal  ribs.  Com.    Cf.  Boukin. 

'  One  paire  of  biishis  ,  .  .  one  paire  of  bushes  soles.' — Inventory  ,  .  . 
Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 

'  The  Busshes  are  L^ns  within  the  hole  of  the  Nave  to  keep  it  from 
wearing.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  ITT,  ch.  yiiL  p.  332. 

BtrSK  [busk*],  sb,  a  piece  of  wood  or  '  sheet^iron '  worn  down  the 
front  of  women's  stays  to  keej^them  straight.  Com.  Nares— who  is 
wrong  in  supposing  the  term  obsolete — gives  the  following,  amongst 
other  quotations,  iilustrating  the  use  of  tiie  busk  in  the  i^izabetluui 
period: — 

'  Her  long  slit  sleeves,  stiffs  buske^  puffe  verdingall. 
Is  all  that  makes  her  thus  angelical.' 

John  Mabston  (a,D.  1699),  Scourge  of  ViUanie,  TL.  vii. 

*  Fr.  busc ;  petit  b&ton  dont  se  servent  les  Dames  pour  tonir  leur 
corps  de  jupe  en  ^tat.* — Chamb. 

BTTSSOCE  [busnik*],  sb,,  sl,1  a  donkey. — ^Atcham;  Wkv. 

BUT  R>ut*],  (1)  sb,  a  space  of  ploughed  land,  comprising  a  certain 
numoer  of  furrows,  determined  by  the  character  of  the  soil.  Com. 
See  Feerings. 

*  Hec  amsages  An",  a  but  of  lend.'— jPtctorioZ  Vocabulary,  xv.  cent., 
in  Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i.  p.  270. 

(2)  $b,  the  stump  of  a  tree;  the  thick  end  of  anything.    Qcnn. 


OLOSSART  OF  ABGHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     59 

O.N.  hUr^  the  trunk,  fitnmp  of  a  tree.    Ft,  hout,  the  end.    W.  pwi, 
any  short,  thick  thing ;  stump,  in  Wedo.    C£  Stoul  (1). 

(3)  sb,  an  esculent  root,  such  as  a  turnip,  carrot,  &c — Pulyeb- 

BATCH. 

(4)  V.  n.  to  form  such-like  esculent  roots. — Tbid,  <  Yore  garrits  an' 
inions  looken  well,  John.'  *  Aye,  but  I  doubt  they  bin  on*y  toppy ; 
I  dunna  think  as  they  bin  huUin*  well.' 

BXTTTESED  ALE  [butWd  ail],  sb.  ale  boiled  with  butter,  lump  sugar, 
spice,  and  eggs — said  to  be  an  excellent  specific  for  cold.  Com.  It  is 
made  thus :  ooil  a  pint  of  ale  with  a  lump  of  butter  in  it,  beat  up  two 
egfB  with  sugar  and  spices,  pour  the  boiling  ale  upon  the  eggs,  stirring 
briskly. 

BTJTTER-LEAyES,  sb,  pi,  leaves  used  in  packing  the  butter  for 
market.  Com.  Various  kinds  of  leaves  are  employed  for  this  pur- 
pose— ^the  sycamore,  the  nut,  &c.  Sometimes  the  Sicilian  beet  (Beta 
cida)  is  cultivated  expressly  for  the  sake  of  its  long,  cool,  green 
btMer-leavea, 


BUTTEB-MIT,  sb,  a  shallow  tub  for  washing  the  butter  in.  Com. 
Cfl  Kemlin. 

BTJTTEB-HOHET,  sb,  the  money  which  is  the  fanner's  wife's  per- 
quisite from  the  sale  of  her  butter,  eggs,  &c. — Shkewsbuby  ;  Wem. 
'Things  wenten  very  low  i'  the  market  to-day.  Missis;  I  hanna 
brought  yo'  much  butter-money,* 

'  And  when  the  father  on  the  earth  did  live, 
To  his  sonnes  fieuicie  he  such  way  did  give; 
For  at  no  season  he  the  plow  must  hold. 
The  summer  was  too  hot,  the  winter  cold ; 
He  robs  his  mother  of  her  butter-pence. 
Within  the  alehouse  serves  him  for  expence.' 

Taylor's  Workes,  1630,  in  Wb. 

'  She's  thrimlin'  for  her  buUer-brcM,  her  butter-brass,  her  butter-brass. 
She's  thrimlin'  for  her  butter-brass,  but  willn't  thrimle  lang.' 

'  Bobby  Bank's  Bodderment,'  in  the  Folk-Speech  of  Cuniberland, 
by  A.  J.  Gibson,  p.  25. 

Cf.  Spattling-money. 

BTJTTEBT  [but-h'rT],  sb.  the  pantry  of  a  cottage  or  farm-house.— 
PXTLYEBBATOH ;  WsM.  '  Cuddlin'  i'  the  buttery '  is  a  phrase  equiva- 
lent to  '  cupboard-love.'  *  Theer's  a  power  too  much  cuddlin*  C  tJis 
buttery  gwein  on.'  '  Hec  botolaria.  An",  a  botry.' — Pictorial  Vocabulary^ 
XV.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  274. 

BUTTIHO-IBOHy  sb.  an  implement  for  peeHng  the  bark  off  trees. — 
MuoH  Wenlocx.  Qy.  com.  C£  O.Dutch  botten,  butt;  pdlere,  in 
Stbat. 

BUTTT  [but-i*],  (1)  sb,  a  fellow-workman;  a  partner  in  any 
business.    Com. 

(2^  sb.  a  contractor  who  agrees  to  raise  the  minerals  to  bank  at  so 
muGli  per  ton,  or  per  dozen;  the  latter  applying  to  the  iron-stonee» 


60  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

representing   about   two   tons. — Collieby;    M.  T.     Cf.  Oharter- 
master. 

(3)  sb.  a  fellow,  as  of  a  shoe,  a  glove,  &c. — Shhewsbxtry  ;  Clee 
Hills.  '  Tye  fund  one  shoe,  but  canna  see  the  butty  no-w'eer.'  Cf . 
Marrow. 

(4)  V.  n.  to  cohabit,  as  man  and  wife. — Collieky.  *  Did'n'ee  'ear 
as  Jim  Tunkiss  wuz  come  up  throm  the  **  Black  country  "  an*  brought 
three  childem  to  the  parish  ? '  '  Eh  !  I  didna  know  'e  wuz  married.' 
*  Well,  I  reckon  'e  inna  married,  but  Vs  bin  buttyin*  alung  o'  one  o' 
them  Monsells.' 

BXTZZY-BALL  [buzi*  haul-'],  sb,  same  as  Briax-bo88,  q.  v. — Church 
Steetton.    See  also  Bk.  11.,  Folklore^  &c.,  *  Superstitious  Cures 
(chin-cough). 

BWjllE  [bwei'll,  (1)  v.  a,  to  boil. — Pulverbatch  ;  Ludlow.  '  Theer 
wuz  four  couple  axed  up  o*  Sunday  ready  for  May  weddins.'  *  Aye, 
behappen  they'n  find  it  easier  to  get  married  than  to  keep  the  pot 
bwilifw 

'  Sche  sette  a  caldron  on  ^e  fyr ; 
In  which  was  al  ]>e  hole  atir, 
Wheron  f>e  medicine  stod, 
Of  ius  of  water  and  of  blod 
And  let  it  buile  in  such  a  plit, 
Til  {yat  sche  sawh  \fe  spume  whyt' 

John  Gower  (a.d.  1393),  Confeano  AmantUt 
Book  V.     Specim,  Early  Eng.  xx.  L  295. 

(2)  Bb.  same  as  Bile,  q.  v.— Ludlow,  Burford, 

BW0I8TIH.    See  Beestings. 

BWOY  [bwoi*,  corr.  bw:auy],  «ft.,  obaols.y  var.  pf\  a  boy. — Shrews- 
bury ;  Pulverbatch.  '  Jack's  gwun  a  big  strung  bwoy ;  ifs  time  'e 
wuz  gettin'  'is  own  crust,' 

BWUdS  [bwun'z,  corr.  bwoen'z],  sb,  pL,  var.  pr.  bones.  Com.  'Pilt 
some  yarbs  to  them  bvmiu  ;  the^^'n  mak'  tuthree  broth.' 

BY  [bei*],  (1)  prep.^  pec.  against. — Worthen  ;  Whitchurch; 
Ellesmere.  Qy.  com.  'I  never  knowed  no  'arm  by  'im'  (Elles- 
mere).  'E's  a  tidy  mon,  sir,  leastways  I  know  nuthin'  by  'im' 
( Whixall).  In  this  sense  of  *  against '  our  translators  have  used  the 
word  6y— 1  Cor.  iv.  4 :  *  I  know  nothing  by  myself ;  yet  am  I  not  here- 
by justified ' — ^where  the  Greek  words  fully  bear  out  the  meaning  of  *  I 
am  not  conscious  of  anything  against  myself.' 

'  Ac  it  is  noght  by  the  bisshope 
That  the  boy  preacheth.' 

Piers  PL  Prol,  L  160,  ed.  Wb. 

The  same  sense  would  seem  to  be  implied  in  by-name,  a  term  of 
reproach. 

(2)  prep.,  pec  with. — ^Worthen;  Bishop's  Castle.  *I  dunna 
know  whad  to  do  by  'im.' 

BT-BLOW  [bei*  bloa*],  sb.  an  illegitimate  child. — Colliery.  Qy. 
com.    This  word  is  found  in  Bailey,  ed.  1782. 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC  AND  FROYINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC      61 

'  Sal,  Thou  speak'st  not  like  a  subject ;  wbaf  s  thy  name  f 
Fil,  'hlLy  name  is  Draco. 
SaL  Of  the  Athenian  Dracos  P 
Fil,  No,  of  the  English  Drakea    Great  Captain  Drake 

SThat  sailed  the  world  round]  left  in  Spain  a  bv-blow, 
)f  whom  I  come.'— The  Slighted  Maid,  p.  27,  m  Wb. 

BT-OTJH  [bi'gaem'  or  bi'gum*],  a  slight  oath ;  an  expletive.     Com. 

BT  JDTGS  [bei*  jing'z],  interf.  used  chiefly  by  children  to  express 
approbation  of  what  is  thought  to  be  clever  or  witty.— Sheewbbxjby; 
Elxjssme&e.     '  By  jinga  !  Surrey,  lad,  yo'n  copped  that.' 

*  While  Willie  lap,  an'  swoor  hyjing, 
'Twas  just  the  way  he  wanted 
To  l>e  that  night.' 
BoBEBT  £UB17S,  PoemSy  p.  45,  L  7,  o.  2. 
C£  By  jingo  in  Hal. 

BT-LEDDY  [bei*  ledi'],  expl,  an  adjuration  or  oath  corrupted  from  *by 
our  Lady,'  the  Blessed  Virgin. — Newpobt,  Market  Drayton. 

BTLET  [bei'let,  corr.  ba'ylet],  sh.  a  river  island;  land  lying  be- 
tween the  divergent  branches  of  a  stream,  as,  for  instance,  between 
the  natural  course  of  a  brook  and  the  mill-stxeam,  or  '  flem,'  q.  v. — 
Shbewsbubt*;  Pulvebbatch;  Glee  Hills;  Bbidgkobth;  Much 
Wbnlock. 

'  William  Benbow  is  rated  to  the  poor  on  St.  Mary's  books  for  hylet 
[the  island  at  Coton-hill]  and  tan-house,  in  everjr  year  from  1652  to 
1664  inclusive,  with  the  exception  of  1663,  when  it  is  Martha  Benbow 
for  tlie  bilett' — ^Note  on  the  Benbow  family  in  Owen  and  Blakeway's 
History  of  Shrewehwry^  vol.  ii  p.  390. 

'Bbidqkobth  Hobticultubal  Societt. 

'  The  second  annual  Exhibition  was  held  on  the  ByUt,  Low  Town, 
yesterday.  .  .  .' — Eddowes^s  Shrewsbury  Journal,  Sep.  9,  1874. 

BTHOW  [bi'nou*],  adv.  by  this  time.  Com.  '  They'n  a  got  theer 
bynow,  I  spect.' 

BYSTIir-CVSTABD,  same  as  BeeBtin'-custard,  q.  v. — ^Pulvebbatch. 
Ct  Barfdt-custard. 

BTSXnrS.    See  Beestingpi. 

BYTACK  [bei*tak][,  eh,  a  farm  taken  by  the  tenant  of  a  lai^er  farm, 
to  which  it  is,  as  it  were,  tacked  on.  llie  land  only  being  wanted,  the 
house  and  *  building'  are  let  separately. — ^Pulvebbatch  ;  Wellixg- 
Tox.  Qy.  com.  '  Theer  *11  be  a  bundation  o'  housen  to  be  'ad,  for 
one  'afe  o'  the  farms  bin  let  bytack.*  *  Tack,  a  lease ;  possession  for  a 
time.' — Jamieson. 

BY-TAIL  [bei'tail],  sh.  the  right  handle  of  a  plough :  it  is  fastened 
to  the  '  shell-board.'  The  left  handle  is  called  the  '  master-tail,'  and 
is  fastened  to  the  foot  of  the  plough. — Cltjn  ;  B'bidgxobth. 

BY-WHILES  [bi'weil-z],  adv.  at  times.— Cobve  Dale.    See  (hvlert 


62  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

CASDA8  [kad'u*8],  sh,,  ohsola,  a  fino  worsted  galloon  or  ferret,  now 
chiefly  employed  in  decorating  horses,  but  at  one  time  used  for 
'recruiting  colours.' — Shbewsbuby.  'Theei's  lots  o'  young  chaps 
listed  1^  May;  the  caddtu  wuz  flyin'  about  Sosebry  streets  above 
a  bit.' 

'  8erv,  He  hath  ribbons  of  all  the  colours  i'  the  rainbow  .  .  .  inkles, 
oaddisses,  cambrics,  lawns.' — Winter^  Tale,  IV.  iv.  208. 

Caddis f  in  the  Gloss,  to  the  *  Globe  Edition'  of  Shakespeare,  is  said 
to  have  its  name  &om  its  resemblance  to  the  '  caddis- worm.' 

Gadas  Bombicinium.  Codas  appears  to  have  signified  flocks*'of 
silk,  cotton,  wool,  or  tow,  used  for  stuffing  eamboieed  garments. 
In  the  curious  poem  by  Hue  de  Tabarie,  at  Middle  Hill,  entitled 
'  CoTMvU  U  fiz  Beafu  armS  en  la  croyz\  is  this  passage — 

,  '  Pur  akdown  ly  hayle  Uaunche  char  e  pure 
Pur  cadaz  e  cotoun  de  eawnkfu  le  encustute? 

MS.  Heber,  No.  8336.  ^ 

In  the  petition  against  excess  of  apparel,  1463,  it  is  thus  mentioned ; 
'No  yoman  &c  to  were  in  the  aray  for  his  body  eny  bolsters,  nor 
stuife  of  woole,  coton,  or  cadoM^  nor  other  stuffer  in  his  doubtlet,  save 
l3ni7ng  accordyng  to  the  same.' — BoT.  Pabl.  '  Codas  or  crull,  mi- 
jdUj — ^PALSa.  *  Cardarce,  pour /aire  caption  ;  the  tow  or  coursest  part 
of  silke,  wherof  sleaur  is  made.' — Ck)TO&.  Nares  explains  caddis  to 
be  a  sort  of  worsted  lace. — Prompt.  Parv,  and  Notes, 

CABDI8SED  [kadi'st],  part.  adj.  dusted  with  red  powder :  said  of 
sheep. — Cleb  Hills.  'Maister,  I  5dnder  yo'  liken  yore  lomb's 
eaddissed  athatn.' 

CABE  Pkai'dl,  (1)  ah,  a  pet  Com.  '  'E's  a  reglar  cads : '  said  of  a 
spoiled  child.  A  cade-lamb  is  a  lamb  brought  up  by  hand.  Cf.  Kpd^ 
lomb  in  Wr.  Tocabs.,  voL  i.  p.  245. 

(2)  v.  a.  to  pet ;  to  bring  up  tenderly.    Com, 

CADISE  [kai-dish],  (1)  adj,  spoiled  by  over-indulgence. — Pulver- 
BATCH.  Qy.  com.  *  Jenny  Preece  'as  put  'er  lad  to  a  wilrit ;  but  'e'll 
neyer  stop  throm  'is  mammy,  'e's  so  cadish* 

(2)  adj.  docile ;  gentle :  said  of  animals. — Shbewsbttby  ;  Newpobt. 

CAST  [kai'di*],  same  as  Cadish  (1). — Church  Stretton. 

CAFF  [kaf*],  (1)  ^b.  an  implement  for  hoeing  and  earthing  up 
potatoes. — Glxtn;  Ludlow.  <.  .  .  .  caffs  and  hoes.' — Auctioneer's 
Catalogue  (Stoddesden),  1870.    Cf.  Kibe. 

(2)  V,  a.  to  clean  and  earth  up  potatoes. — ^Ludlow. 

CAKET  [kai'ki'J^ocf/.,  «/.1  weak  of  intellect;  silly. — Shrewsburt; 
Wellikoton  ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmere.  *  Now  then,  whad's  wrang  wuth 
yo'  ?  Bin  'ee  cryin'  fur  a  biled  aip'ny,  yo'  cokey  piece  ? ' 

CAKDTO  [kai'kin].     See  Bk.  II.,  FolMare,  &c., '  Customs.' 

CALAHIHCA,  sb.  a  sort  of  red  shale — a  mixture  of  red  and  yellow 
day,  marl,  and  sand. — Colliert,  Maddey;  M.  T. 


'OLOSSABT  07  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     63 

CALL  [kaul'],  (1)  sh.  occasdon;  necessity.  Com.  "E'd  no  call  to 
say  tnat  on  'er.' 

(2)  V.  a.  to  abuse ;  to  yilify.  Com.  '  ^Er  caUed  'im  fiir  ererjrthin' ; 
the  worst  name  as  'or  could  lay  'er  tongpie  to  wuz  too  good  for  'im.' 

CALL-WOBDS  TO  ANIHALS.  Cam  >— Cow-up,  cow-up,  coop, 
coop  [kuuw'oop,  kuuw'oop,  ki^,  kil^'p].  The  last  two  words  are  used 
as  they  near  home.  Com.  Hoap,  heap,  hoap  [*ii66p,  i!l65p,  iid6p}, 
Glun.    Hie-up  ['ei'up],  or  how-up  [uuwoop],  is  to  dnye  them.  Com. 

Calve$ : — ^Mog,  mog,  mog  f'mog,  mog,  mogj.     Com. 

Piga : — Dack,  dack,  dack  ['dak,  dak,  dak],  Shkewsbxtry  ;  Church 
Stbbxton  ;  Ludlow.  Guey,  guey,  guey  ['gpieaiy,  gueaiy,  gueai-y], 
GoBYE  Dale.  Guep,  guep,  guey  ['guep,  guep,  gueij,  Clun.  Nack, 
nack,  nack  ["nak,  nak,  nak],  Shbewsbuky  ;  Pulyebbatch  ;  Church 
Stretton;  Eu^esmere.  Pig,  pig,  pig  ["pi'k,  pi'k,  j)rk],  Pulyer- 
BATCH ;  Ellbsmere.  Poo-ik,  poo-  -ik  fpuo'i'k,  puo'i'k],  to  -pigs  at 
a  distance. — Worthen.  Rio,  ric,  ric  FViTL,  r'i'k,  ri'kl  Shrewsbury  ; 
Much  Wenlock  ;  Wellikoton  ;  Whitchurch,  lup,  yup,  yu-up 
[•yi^T),  yi!i"p,  yil^**iip],  with  an  increase  of  pitch  on  tip.— -Craybw 
Arms.    Stoo,  stoo,  rree  ['stoo,  stoo,  ..r'ee"]  is  to  driye  pigs.    Com. 

*  They  say  in  my  contrye,  when  they  cal  the3rr  hogges  to  the  swyne 
troughe.  Come  to  thy  myngle  mangle,  come  pyr,  come  pyr.' — 
Latimer,  Sermon  iii.  p.  98. 

Hor$e$,    See  Waggoners'  Words. 

CALL-WOBDS  TO  POTJLTET.  Fowls  .-—Chuck,  chuck,  chuck 
['chaek,  chaek,  chaek],  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulybrbatch.  ['chuk,  chuk, 
chuk].  Com.  ['chilkk,  chiik,  chiik],  Ellbsmere;  Whitchurch. 
Shoo  [shi!k"]  is  to  drive  them.    Com. 

Chfckeiu: — Chick,  chick,  chick  (^'chik,  chik,  chikl  Shrewsbury. 
Qy.  com.    Tweet,  tweet,  tweet  ["twi'^t,  twiH,  twi'tl,  Ellesmebe. 

Ducks: — Weet,  weet,  weet  ['wi'-t,  wi''t,  wi'i;].  Ellesmebe.  Wid, 
wid,  wid  ['wi*d,  wi'd,  wi'd],  Shbewsbuby  ;  Pulyebbatch  ;  Ghubch 
Stbetton;  Clun;  Ludlow.  Widdy,  widdy,  widdy  ["widi*,  widi*, 
widi'],  Clee  Hills. 

Oeese : — Ghis,  gus,  gus  [*gns,  gus,  gfusl,  Cbayen  Abms  ;  Chubch 
Stbbtton  ;  Clun  ;  Ludlow.  Lag,  lag,  lag  ['lag,  lag,  lag],  Shbews- 
buby ;  Pulyebbatch  ;  Et.TiTWMEBE.  ^oo-lag  [ 'oo  &g]  driyes  them 
on.    Ibid,  as  for  Lag. 

Turkeys : — ^Pen,  pen,  pen  ["pen,  pen,  pen],  Shbewsbuby  ;  Pulyeb- 
batch. Pur,  pur,  pur  (.'pur,  pur',  pur],  Pulyebbatch  ;  Wobthew  ; 
CbayexAbms;  Clun. 

CAXOMIHE  pcam'u'mein],  sb,,  var.  pr.  Anthemia  nSbilia,  Chamo- 
mile.   Com. 

CAMPEBIVO  [kam'puVin],  adj.y  ohsols,  mettlesome ;  high-spirited. 
— Pulyebbatch.    'Young  Dicken  rides  a  fine  camperin'  'orse  to 
markit'     '  Aye,  an'  'e's  a  fine  eamperin*  fellow  'isself.' 
Dan.  kdmpe,  to  fight. 

CAHAST  (^u'DaeTi*].  '  GiYc  a  cat  a  canary '  is  a  phrase  analogous 
to  '  Tell  that  to  the  marines,'  impijring  disbelief  in  an  improbable 
story. — Shbewsbttby.  'Chow- wow,  "Give  a  cat  a  canary ,  dunna 
tell  me  none  o^  yoie  romance.' 


64  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

CAB30TTLE  [kan-bot-1],  ab.  Parua  caudaitis,  the  long-tailed  Tit- 
mouse.—Shrewsbtjky  ;  Bbidonobth;  Newpobt.    Cf.  Bottle-tit. 

CANDLE  OP  THE  EYE,  phr,  the  pupil  of  the  eye.— Shkewsbury  ; 
PULVERBATCH  ;  WoBTHEN ;  Wem.  Eay  gives,  •  The  Bird  of  the  Eye, 
the  Sight  or  PupiL  Suffolk'  See  p.  70,  ed.  1768.  Of.  Pen  of  the 
eye. 

CAH-DOTIOHS  [kan  doa'z],  sb.  pl.y  obs,  small,  oblong  cakes  made  for 
the  breakffiist-table. — Ludlow.  Perhaps  can-doughs  =  portions  of 
dough  baked  in  cans ;  just  as  bakers  call  loaves  baked  in  tins  *  tin- 
loaves.' 

CANE  [kang'k],  (1)  v.  n.  to  cackle  as  geese. — Pulyebbatoh; 
WoBTHEx;  Glee  Hills;  Ellesmebe. 

(2)  V.  w.  to  talk  rapidly ;  to  gabble.— Wellinoton. 

(3)  sh.  a  fit  of  ill-humour.— Shbewsbuby  ;  Pulyebbatch.  *I 
toud  'er  a  bit  o'  my  mind,  an'  'er  'u£Pd  an'  ding'd  an'  went  off  in  a 
fine  cank* 

CANKEB  [kang-kur'],  (\)  sb,  rust  in  wheat.     Com. 

' Foins,  0,  that  this  good  blossom  could  be  kept  from  cankers' 

2  K.  Henry  IV,,  IL  ii.  102. 

(2)  sh,  a  species  of  dry-rot  in  turnips.     Com. 

(3)  sh,  an  xmhealthy  excrescence  on  trees  or  plants,  preventing 
kin^y  developments,  and  causing  a  withered,  dead  appearance. 
Com.     Cf.  Bur  (3). 

'  Full  soon  the  canker  death  eats  up  that  plant.' 

Borneo  and  Juliet^  IL  iii.  30. 

(4)  sh.  verdigris. — Shbewsbuby.     Qy.  com. 

'  Nay,  I  tell  you  it  is  old  truth,  long  rusted  with  your  canker^  and 
now  new  made  bright  and  scoured.' — ^Latimeb,  8erm.j^,  30  (Parker 
Societv). 

*  What  is  this  but  a  new  learning ;  a  new  canker  to  rust  and  corrupt 
the  old  truth  ? '— /d.  p.  31. 

(5)  V.  a.  to  envenom  by  verdigris,  brass,  or  copper,  so  as  to  cause 
idceration. — Shbewsbuby.  Qy.  com.  'Yo'  shouldna  let  the  child 
play  66th  brass ;  if  'e  puts  it  in  'is  mouth  it  'U  canker  it.' 

(6)  sh,  a  sore  in  the  mouth  popularly  believed  to  be  caused  by  the 
venom  of  verdigris,  brass,  or  copper.  Com.  Lat.  cancer,  a  canker. 
This  '  mouth  disease '  is  known  m  medicine  as  Cancrum  oris,  a  foul 
ulcor  inside  the  lips  and  cheeks  of  children — rarely  of  adults — often 
arising  from  bad  food  or  bad  constitution.  The  following  curious 
entry  in  the  Register  of  Sir  Thomas  Botder,  Vicar  of  Much  Wenlock, 
may  justify  the  introduction  here  of  the  term  canker  in  a  usage 
adopted  by  the  medical  profession. 

'  1544.  5*^  July  .  .  .  The  said  Joan  child,  single  woman,  of  the 
age  of  22  years,  deceased,  and  died  upon  the  msease  of  a  Canker 
within  her  mouth,  imder  the  root  of  lier  tongue,  which  as  her  f&ther 
said  she  chanced  to  have  through  the  smelling  of  Bose-flowers.' 

CANKERED  [kang'kur'd],  (1)  part,  adj.  affected  with  canker.  Com. 
'  Them  cabbidge  5dn  mak'  nuthin  this  'ear— they  bin  poor  car^sertd 
tack.'    See  Canker  (3). 


OLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     65 

(2)  adj.  0TO88 ;  iU-tempered. — ^Wem,  Shawhury, 

'  We  had  neuer  such  a  cankered  carle. 
Were  neuer  yi  our  companies — Percy  Folic,  i.  48. 


' ^if  cankered  Mad^,  our  aunt. 

Come  up  the  bum,  she'll  gie's  a  wicked  rant.' 

Allan  Bahsey,  The  Oenile  Shepherd,  L  ii.  p.  21. 

Bay  has  'A  cankred  Fellow,  Cross,  Ill-condition'd.'  A  North- 
country  word. 

CAHKEEGXTS  [kang-ki'as],  adj.  venomous. — ^Pulvebbatch.  'The 
poor  child's  ^t  a  despert  leg  throm  that  earless  wench  piittin'  the 
warmin' pan  i'  the  bed— if  s  sich  a  nasty  canldrcv*  thing  to  be  burnt 
56th.'    6ee  Canker  (4),  also  (5). 

CAXVA.    See  Grammar  Gutlines,  verb  Can. 

'  An'  forward,  tho'  I  canna  see, 
I  guess  an'  fear ! ' 

BOBEBT  BXTBNS,  PoffTM,  p.  54,  1.  17. 

CAVT  [kant*],  (1)  v.  n.  to  gossip;  to  carry  tales.  Com.  'That 
keeper's  al'ays  caniifC  to  the  Squire  about  somebody ;  but  if  'e  dunna 
mind  'is  owd  rabbit  grins,  an'  let  other  folks  alone,  Til  put  a  scotch 
on  'is  V^l  afore  lung.'    Cf.  Clat  (1). 

(2)  eb.  a  tattler ;  a  tale-bearer*  Com.  '  'Er's  a  reg'lar  owd  tanJt^ 
that^s  whad 'er  ifi.'    Cf.  Clat  (2). 

(3)  eh,  gossip ;  tattle.  Com.  '  'Er's  never  athout  some  cant  to  teU. 
yo'  on,  g&  w'en  yo'  wiU.' 

CAHTEL  [kan'tel],  ah,,  ohsoh,  a  comer ;  a  small  piece  left,  as  of 
bread. — ^Fulvebbatch.  '  We  mun  bake  to-morrow,  I  see,  as  theer's 
on'y  one  loaf  an'  a  bit  of  a  canUH  as  'U  'ardly  see  breakfeut  o'er.' 

'  For  nature  hath  nat  take  his  bygynnyng 
Of  no  partye  ne  cantd  of  a  thing, 
But  oz  a  thing  that  parfyt  is  and  stable.' 

Chauoeb,  The  Knightee  Tale,  L  2150,  ed.  Morris. 

'  Hec  qtuidra,  a  cantel  of  brede.' — Pictorial  Vocabulary,  xv.  cent.,  in 
Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  L  p.  258.  O.Fr.  chantel,  cantel,  coin,  morceau. 
— ^BuB, 

CAHTING-QTTAETEB  [kan-tin  kwaur'tur"],  sb.  from  Candlemas  Da^ 
to  May-Day  is  called  canting-quarter. — Pulvebbatoh.  Candlemas  is 
the  beginning  of  the  '  laying  season'  in  the  poultrv-yard ;  and  about 
the  same  time  farm-house  servants  are  *  hired  for  May.'  These  events 
give  rise  to  much  ohit-'Chat,  or,  as  it  is  called,  cant,  amongst  the  house* 
wives. 

*  Does  your  goose  lay  P 
Does  your  maid  stay  P  * 

is  a  fiuniliar  couplet,  which  aptly  illustrates  the  kind  of  thing  that  has 
given  rise  to  the  term  canting-quarter^ 

CASTLE  [kan'tll,  sb.,  obaols,  a  can-fdl. — Shbewsbubt;  Pulveb- 
batoh. *Han"ee'ad  a  good  ''Tummasin"  this  timeP'  *  Well,  as 
the  owd  sayin'  is,  "  Them  as  'ad'n  most  mouths  'ad'n  most  mate."  Mrs. 
Ward  an'  Mrs.  Ambler  an'  most  o'  the  good  owd  'ouse-keepers  gid'n 

F 


66  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

us  a  cantle  for  every  one.  We'd'n  pretty  nigh  a  'oop  a  piece.'  *  Oh  I 
a  tidy  Christmas  batch.'  Cf.  Thinkle.  See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &c., 
'  Customs  connected  with  Days  and  Seasons '  (8.  Thomcu^a  Day), 

CAPLIN*  [kap'li'nl  sb,,  ohsols.  a  piece  of  strong  leather  made  of 
horse-hiae,  laced  Dy  thongs  or  strips  of  eel-skin  to  the  two  parts  of  a 
flail  respectively;  viz.,  to  the  *8wipple'  and  the  'hand-stafiP.'  The 
caplins  are  in  their  turn  similarly  umted,  thus  giving  to  the  flail  the 
requisite  swing  when  in  use. — Pulverbatch,     Qy.  com. 

'  The  CapliiigSf  the  strong  double  Leathers  made  £Eist  to  the  top  of 
the  Hand-staff  and  the  top  of  the  Swiple.' — Academy  of  Armory,  3k. 
in.,  ch.  viii.  p.  33^. 

*  Cappe  of  a  fleyle.' — Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  61.    Cf.  Kile. 

CABEYV  rkaar''i'n],  (1)  sb.,  ohsols,  a  foul  carcase,  as  of  an  animal 
that  has  oied  from  disease. — Ellesmebe. 

*  He  crouke3  for  comfort  •  when  carayne  he  fyndej 
£ast  vp  on  a  cl3rffe  *  (^er  costese  lay  drye ; 


Fallej  on  \fe  foule  flesch  *  &  fyllei  his  wombe.* 

Alliterative  Poems,  The  Delw^e  (A.D.  1360,  ctrea). 
Specim.  Early  Eng.,  xiii.  1,  459. 

O.Fr.  charoigne  de  caro  (nominatif  carnis). — Bxtb. 

(2)  sb,  an  opprobrious  epithet  applied  to  a  woman  or  c^l  of  dirty 
habits. — Shbewsbtjby  ;  EUiESMEBS.  *  Yo'  bin  a  nasty,  cUrty  careyn, 
that's  whad  yo'  bin.' 

*  Out,  you  green-sickness  carrion  !  out,  you  baggage  I 
You  tallow  face ! ' — Romeo  and  Juliet,  TH.  v.  157. 

CASFXTL  [kaa-r'ful],  adj.  careful.     Com.     An  old  form. 

'  30  schul  3ild  a  earful  counte  on  dredful  domys-day.' 

John  Audelay*s  Poems,  p.  21. 

CAEWET  [kaa'r'ni'],  adj.  giddy ;  thoughtless.  —  Shrewsbury, 
*  Mary,  Veer's  them  matches  as  I  sen'  yo'  to  fatch  ? '  *  I  forgot  'em, 
mother.'  *  Forgot !  yo'  bin  al'ays  forgettin' ;  I  never  see  sich  a 
Carney  piece  i'  my  days.'     Cf.  Carny,  B.  vii.,  E.  D.  S. 

CAEPENTEE  [kaa-r'pentur'],  sb.  Porcellio  scaber,  the  Wood-louae. 
Generally  used  in  the  plural  form,  carpenters. — Newport. 

CAEEIAOE  [kaar'i'j],  sb.  a  sling  attached  to  the  leathern  girdle 
worn  by  a  mower,  in  which  he  carries  the  whetstone  at  his  back. — 
Pulverbatch;  Church  Stretton.    Cf.  Sling. 

CASE  fkais'],  v.  a.  to  skin.  Com.  '  I  never  sid  a  nimbler  girld  i' 
my  life ;  Wd  case  them  rabbits  awilde  yo'  bin  lookin'  which  way  to 
begin.'  This  term,  though  used  chiefly  with  reeroect  to  small  animals, 
as  rabbits,  hares,  squirrms,  &c.,  is  not  restricted  to  them;  rooks  are 
cased  in  preparing  them  for  pies. 

*  First  Lord.  We'll  make  you  some  sport  with  the  fox  ere  we  cow 
him.'— ^Zr«  Well  Thai  Ends  Wdl,  UL  vi.  111. 

CASE-HAEDENED  [kais-aa-'r'dnd],  part.  adj.  impenetrable  to  all 
sense  of  shame  or  moral  rectitude. — Pulverbatch;  Ellesicere. 
Qy.  com.    "E's  a  ooH-hardened  scomidrel;  if  'e  dnnna  come  to  the 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROTINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.      67 

ealluB  it  '11  sa'prize  ererybody  as  knows  'im.'    '  Aye,  'e  wuss  always  a 
aespert  arode  lad.' 

'  C<ue'har€knedy  obdurate;  hardened  in  impiety.' — Bailey,  ed. 
1727. 

CASE-KNIFE  [kaisDeif],  sb.  a  carving-knife  of  the  common  type, 
without  sheath  or  ca&e  of  any  kind. — Pxjltebbatch.  *  Why  dunna 
yo'  get  the  aise-kni/e  to  cut  the  bacon?  Yo'n  'urt  yoreself  worse 
than  the  flitchen  66th  that  little  thing.' 

CASELTY,  CA8EBTLT  [kas-u'lti'],  Shrewsbury  ;  Atchah  ;  Wbm. 
[kazTir'tli'],  Pulverbatch;  Wem.  (1)  adj.  uncertain;  doubtful: 
said  of  the  weather.    Com.    See  Brea!k-up. 

(2)  cuij,  insecure ;  hazardous :  as  of  a  wall  or  stack  out  of  the  per- 
pendicular.— Pulverbatch.  *  Now,  John,  66n  'ee  think  o'  yore  stack 
oy  daylight  ?    It  looks  mighty  caaertly.* 

(3)  adj.  dangerous ;  critical :  as  of  the  state  of  a  person  in  illness. 
— ^Pulverbatch.  *  Poor  owd  Betty  Jones  lies  in  a  verv  caaertly  con- 
dition ;  they  sen  'er  leg  an'  thigh  bin  broke,  an'  it's  a  oad  job  at  'er 
age ;  but  'er  met  as  well  a  bin  killed  on  the  spot.' 

CA8ET8  [kai'zi'z],  sh.  pl.y  var.  pr.  '  causeys,'  paths  or  roads  between 
the  beds  from  which  the  peat,  or  *  tuif,'  as  it  is  called,  is  cut  on 
Whixall  Moss. — Whitchurch. 

'  Haremeare  Mosse  was  incompassed  roimd  with  the  water  of  this 
Meare ;  howbeit,  the  neighbours  did  gett  some  turves  upon  it ;  which 
they  carryed  over  the  water  in  boats ;  butt  Sir  Andrew  Corbet  caused 
a  lio'ge  causej^y  or  banke,  to  bee  raised  throw  the  water,  soe  that  teames 
and  carts  might  easily  passe  from  Haremeare  Heath  to  the  Mosse,  and 
the  turves  (which  beefore  were  had  freely)  were  sold  at  8d  a  vard, 
that  is,  80  sqiuu^  yards,  to  cutt  and  lay  upon,  which  yeilded  a  loade 
for  the  best  teame  thatt  was.' — Gouoh's  Hutory  of  Myddle,  p.  30. 
See  Causey,  B.  xiv.,  £.  D.  S.     Cf.  Causey,  below. 

CA8P  [kasp'],  sb.  the  cross-bar  at  the  top  of  a  spade-handle.  Com. 
'  The  easp  o*  that  spade's  cracked,  I  see ;  it  mun  '^ve  a  cramp  pCit 
through  iV 

*  The  head,  or  handle,  or  kaspe  (of  a  spade).' — Academy  of  Armory, 
Bk.  m.,  ch.  viiL,  p.  337.    Cf.  Critch. 

CAST  [kast'l  (1)  v.  a.  to  throw  over;  to  fling:  as  of  animals  for 
purposes  ot  farriery.  Com.  'iWe'n  'ad  a  despert  job  to  cast  that 
cowt ;  'e  gid  Jim  a  pote  as  'e  66nna  forget  in  a  'urry.'  Icel.  kasta  ; 
Swed.  kasta ;  Dan.  kaste,  to  throw. 

(2)  part,  past,  thrown  over;  flung:  said  of  sheep  that  have 
accidentally  got  on  their  backs,  and  cannot  regain  their  footing. 
Com.  '  Ihck,  yo'  mun  run  for  life  to  the  fare  end  o'  Wuken  [Oaken, 
a  field  at  Pulverbatch] ;  theer's  a  yeow  cast  i'  the  briers,  an'  'er'U  be 
4jed  direc'ly ;  tak  the  brummock  66th  yo'  to  cut  the  briers.' 

(3)  V.  a.  to  bring  forth  prematurely :  said  of  cows. — Shrewsbury  ; 
Pulverbatch  ;  Clee  Hills.    '  Daisy's  cast  'er  cauve.' 

'  Thy  ewee  and  thy  she-goats  have  not  catt  their  young.' — (Genesis 
nd.  38. 
See  also  Mjdadhi  iv.  11.    C£  Pick  (1), 

r  2 


68  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

(4)  part,  pati.^  ohs6l$,  ?  defeated ;  thrown  oyer ;  condemned :  as  in  a 
law-suit.— Shrewsbuey;  Pulverbatch.  'Theer's  bin  a  lung  law- 
shoot  about  a  right  o'  rd6ad ;  but  the  newcomer's  got  ca&t :  it's  bin  a 
r56ad  for  marr'in'  an'  berrin'  this  forty  'ear.  I  thought  if  they  coulden 
stop  it,  it  wuz  mighty  odd  to  me.' 

'1541.  Memorandum  that  the  10*^  day  of  this  instant  month  of 
Feb'',  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1541,  here  was  buried  W"  Lowe,  a 
Cheshire  man  bom,  which  William  was  a  lad  of  18  years  of  age  or 
hereabouts,  ccut  by  the  verdict  of  12  men  at  the  ^  Sessions  holden 
here.  .  ,  .' — Begister  of  Sir  Thomas  Boteler,  Vicar  of  Much  Wenlock. 

'  ...  It  is  not  a  Strang  thing  for  Mr.  Lloyd  to  impose  upon  his 
neighbours,  as  appeares  by  his  stopping  of  a  footway  oyer  his  back 
side,  for  which  he  was  sued  and  ca$t,* — Gouoh's  History  of  Myddle, 
p.  109. 

*  Well,  my  dear  Ladies,  said  he  ...  Is  sentence  giyen  P 

*It  is,  Sir  Charles — He  took  my  hand,  .  .  . — I  have  hopes,  my 
dear  Miss  Byron,  that  you  are  cast/ — Sir  Charles  Orandison,  vol.  yi« 
p.  194,  ed.  1766. 

(5)  V.  n.  to  yield  ;  to  produce. — Clee  Hills.  *  Well,  Tummas, 
'ow  did  that  w'eat  <xLst  as  yo'  wun  throshin'  ? '  '  Middlin'  like,  con- 
siderin'  the  saison ;  but  it  dunna  cast  like  it  did  last  'ear.'  Cf.  Out* 
cast. 

(6)  V,  a.  a  hunting  term.  Com.  A  huntsman  is  said  to  cast  his 
hounds  when,  the  scent  being  lost,  he  takes  them  on  the  line  of  the 
hunted  animal,  or  to  the  right  or  left,  in  order  to  recover  it.  The  old 
hunting  rule  is  to  cast  forwards  for  a  fox ;  and  to  cast  backwards  for 
a  hare,  as  this  animal  almost  always  trios  to  *  double '  back  again. 

(7)  sh.  a  second  swarm  of  bees  in  the  season  from  one  hive.  Com. 
See  Bunt  (2). 

CASTLDSrO  [kass'dlin],  ah.  an  abortive  calf. — Shbewbburt.  See 
Cast  (1). 

CASTBEL  [kas'tr'el],  eh.  a  worthless  person. — Cleb  Hills.  CC 
Wastrel  (1). 

CAT  [kat'],  ah,,  ohsA  a  stand  formed  of  three  pieces  of  wood,  orna- 
mentally turned  or  carved,  crossing  each  other  in  the  middle;  it 
could  be  set  up  at  either  end,  and  would  still  have  three  feet  on  the 
ground  at  the  vertices  of  a  triangle.  Com.  The  cat  was  intended  to 
hold  a  plate  of  hot  cakes  or  buttered  toast  before  the  wood-hearth,  so 

feneral  in  farm-house  and  cottage  throughout  Shropshire  up  to  the 
eginning  of  the  present  century,  and  still  [1874]  occasionaUy  to  be 
seen,  '  rll  butter  the  flaps  straight  ofiP  the  oackstwun,  if  yo'n  fatch 
me  a  plate  an'  the  cat  to  put  it  on — ^they'n  keep  whot  till  tay.' 

CAT-BBAIH  [kat'br'ain],  sh,  a  rough  clayey  kind  of  soil  full  of  stone. 
— ^WBLLmaTON.    Ot  Botch. 

CATCHIVO-TIKE  [kach-in  tei-m],  ah.  It  is  called  caichirC  time 
when  in  a  wet  season  they  catch  every  minute  of  foyourable  weather 
for  field  work. — Shrewsbury;  Clee  Hells. 

CATEB^OBVELLED  rkaitui'  kaur'neld],  adj.  iiregulai^  of  form ; 
out  of  proportion:  said  of  any  material  that  won't  cut  to  a  required 


GLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC   AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     69 

8bape. — PuLVERBATCH.  *  I  never  sid  sicli  a  cater-eomelled  tHng  as 
this ;  for  turn  it  which  way  yo'  don,  yo*  canna  get  it  squar'  nor  round.' 
Cf.  Wanty. 

CATEBrCOBHEBED,  adj.  diagonal.— Wellixoton.  A  house  stand- 
ing diagonally  to  the  street  would  he  eater-cornered,    Cf.  Endways-on, 

CATES-WIFFy  cuiv,  across ;  from  one  side  to  the  other  in  an  oblique 
direction,  as  a  tipsy  person  would  go. — ^Wem,  Burlton.  *  I  seed  as  'e 
wunna  sober  by  the  way  'e  went  cater-wiff  alung  the  r6o&d.' 

CATS'  EYES  [kat's  eiz],  ah,  Epilohium  angttstifolium,  Rose-bay, 
Willow  Herb. — Cbaten  Ailms,  StokeBay, 

CATS'  GALLOWS  [kat's  gal'u'ss],  sh,  a  kind  of  Ipaping-pole  made 
by  children,  consisting  of  a  stick  laid  horizontally  upon  two  forked 
sticks  placed  upright  in  the  ground. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch. 
Called  also  cat  gallows. — Ludlow  ;  Newport.  Jumpin'  cats*  gallusses  is 
a  fJEiyourite  game  with  children. 

CAT'S  HEAD,  sb.,  ohs,  a  '  pit-head '  standing  on  three  legs.  Com. 
M.  T.    See  Pit-head.    CI  Gat. 

CAT'S  TAIL,  sb.  Aconitum  NapSIlu8,  Wolf  s-bane. — Ludlow. 

CATJF  [kauf],  (1)  sb,,  var,  pr,  a  call     Com. 

'  A  cow  and  a  cauf,  a  yowe  and  a  hauf, 

And  thretty  gude  shillings  and  three ; 
A  vera  gude  tocher,  a  cotter-man's  dochter, 
The  lass  with  the  bouie  black  qc.' 

Egbert  Burns,  Foerna,  p.  255,  L  21,  c.  2. 

(2)  eh,  a  silly,  stupid  person.     Com.     '  Yo'  great  cauf,  could  na  yo' 
do  that  bit'n  a  job  athout  me  '&yin'  to  tell  ya  the  same  thing  twize 
o'er  P ' 
i       *  0,  Custance,  Tou  great  cdlfe  ye  should  haue  more  witte,  so  ye 
should  .  .  .' — Baister  Doister,  Act  ij.  Sc.  iiij.  p.  37.     Cf.  Auf. 

CAVSET  [kaus'i'l,  (1)  sb.  a  paved  foot-path,  often  raised  above  the 
ffeneral  level.  Com.  '  The  waiter's  out  all  alung  the  flat  aimiust 
level  65th  the  caueey* 

'  This  plain  aforesaid  named  Laboriee,  is  confined  on  both  sides  with 
the  great  cauaeis  or  high  waies  raised  by  the  consuls.' — Hollaio^'s 
Fliny,  xviii.  11  (A.D.  1634). 

*  Ye  dainty  Deacons,  an'  ye  douce  Conveeners, 
To  whom  our  moderns  are  but  causey-cleaners  I ' 

EoBERT  Burns,  Foems,  p.  27,  L  23. 

Our  received  word  'causeway'  is  a  corruption  of  causey;  an  old 
spelling  of  which,  according  to  Mr.  Skeat,  was  calcic,  m>m  Lat. 
ealceaia  via,  a  way  made  with  lime ;  whence  Span,  calzaday  a  paved 
way;  and  Ft,  chauss^e,  the  same  thing:  from  which  last  comes 
directly  Eng.  causey,    0£.  Caseys. 

(2)  sb,  a  narrow  paved  yard  at  the  back  of  a  house ;  also  a  pave- 
ment surroimding,  or  partly  surrounding,  a  house.  Com.  '  Sally, 
ban'  yo^^upaust  done  sloppin'  out  theer  P  '  I've  on'y  got  the  causey 
to  swif^T^anna  be  lung.' 


70  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

CATTTE  [kan-y],  same  as  Canf  (1).     Com. 

CATJVE  KIT  [kau'v  kit],  sb,  a  kind  of  *  loose  box '  in  the  cow-house 
where  the  sucking  calves  are  kept.  Com.  CI  Cote,  from  which  Kit 
is  probably  corrupted. 

CA7ALDBT,  CAVALTBT  [kavuldr'i',  kavm'ltr'i'],  sh.,  var,  pr. 
cavalry,  having  special  reference  to  the  *  Yeomanry  Cavalry.*  Com. 
The  interchange  of  d  and  t  is  determined  rather  by  individual  usage 
than  by  any  other  law ;  but  cavaltry  is  the  more  general  form.  In 
an  old  diary  kept  by  an  *  Oswestrian,*  early  in  this  century,  there  is 
the  following: — *The  cavdldry  called  up  m  Oswestry  to  quell  the 
colars  at  Chirk,  Jany.  1,  1831.'     See  Byegones,  2d  Oct.  1876. 

CAVE  pcaiv],  (1)  v.  n.  to  give  way,  or  fall  in,  as  earth  that  is  nnder- 
minea. — PtrLVERBATCH.  *Two  men  wun  buried  aHve  in  sinkin'  a 
well  at  Le  Bot'ood  las'  wik ;  it  caved  in  on  'em  six  yards  dip.' 

(2)  pceiv],  Shrewsbxtby.  [keev],  Newport,  [kaiv],  Wem  ; 
Ellesmebe  ;  Oswestby,  v,  a.  to  turn  over ;  to  tilt  up,  so  as  to 
empty.  *  Now  then,  look  afore  yo',  or  yo'n  cave  that  bouk  o'er  an' 
sheod  all  the  milk.'    Cf.  Kale  (2). 

CAW  [ki'-au],  Wem.    See  Croup. 

CHAO  [chag*],  sb.  a  branch  of  broom  or  gorse. — Pulverbatch; 
Ellesmebe.  '  Theer's  a  djel  o'  bread,  beside  apple-fit,  so  mind  an' 
&ve  the  oven  whot ;  ptit  tuthree  more  chage  o'  brum  in,  an'  diSr  it 
well.'    C£  Jagr  (3). 

CHAHBEiR  [cbaim'bur'],  sb,  a  sleeping  apartment  on  the  ground- 
floor.  —  Shbewsbtjby  ;  Pulvebbatch  ;  Wem.  Bed-rooms  on  an 
upper  story  are  called  *  upstars '  [upstairs]].  *  It's  a  despert  poor  little 
'ouse ;  no  loft  o'er  it,  but  chamhera  d6th  hme  flurs,  an'  I  cauna  bar  a 
place  athout  upstars/ 

CHAMBLE,    CHOMBLE    [cham-bl],    Pulverbatch.       [chom-bl], 
Shbewsbtjby  ;  Wem.     (1)  v.  a.  to  gnaw ;  to  nibble :  as  rats  and  mice 
do.     '  To'n  got  a  nice  lot  o'  cheese ;   I  'ope  the  mice  66nna  tak'  a* 
fancy  to  chamble  'em,  for  they  bin  pretty  good  judges  in  a  cheese.' 
Cf.  Chassel. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  peck  ;  to  break  into  small  fragments :  as  birds  do  seed. 
— Ibid.  'Dunna  piit  the  canary  so  much  sid  to  chamble  an'  flirt 
about ;  'e  covers  the  window-sill  6dth  'is  chimblin's.' 

CHANCE-CHILD  [chans*  cheiid],  sh,  an  illegitimate  child. — Shrews- 
bury.   Cf.  Love-child.    See  Base-cliild. 

CHANCE-PEHHT-STOITE,  sb.  the  highest  bed  of  iron-stone  in  the 
coal-field.— Colliery  ;  M.  T. 

'After  the  preponderance  of  vegetable  remains  in  all  the  lower 
measures,  a  change  is  discovered  here  in  the  shape  of  a  great  abund- 
ance of  Leptoena  Scabicula.  This  fossil,  it  is  beueved,  lubs  only  been 
found  in  the  Penny  iron-stones ;  in  many  instances  it  forms  the 
nucleus  for  the  nodmes  of  iron-stone.  Another  characteristic  of  this 
Penny-stone  is  the  presence  of  Megalichthys  ffibberti,  Oyracanthus, 
FormoauB,  and  Conulenics.'^NoteB  on  the  Shropshire  Coal-Pield,  by  T. 
Parton,  F.G.S.,  1868. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     71 

CHAHET  [chai'ni'],  sb,,  var,  pr.  cbina.     Com. 

CHAP  [cliap-],  (1)  8h.  a  fann  servant :  of  such,  all  below  the  '  bayly ' 
are  chaps.     Com.    Abbreviated  from  Chapman. 

(2)  $h.  a  familiar  appellation  for  man  or  boy,  as  'fellow'  is  in 
'  poLte  circles.'    Com. 

*  An'  ane,  a  chap  thafs  damn'd  auldfarran, 

Dondas  bis  name.' 
BoBEBT  BuBjrs,  Poems f  p.  11, 1.  21. 

(3)  $h.  an  admirer;  a  sweetheart.  Com.  The  country  girl  speaks 
of  her  chap,  as  the  town-bred  damsel  does  of  her  *  young  man.*  A 
lady  was  expostulating  with  her  maid-servant  upon  some  unwise  love 
affairs  which  had  come  under  her  notice — *  I  know  it's  all  right  whad 
yo*  sen,  Ma'am,'  said  the  girl,  *  but  indeed,  Missis,  I  canna  'elp  it  ^ 
I've  bin  in  trouble  alang  o'  the  chaps  ever  sence  I  knowed  anythin*. 
The  lady  looked  into  Fanny's  blue  eyes  and — ^believed  her  ! 

OHAPMAH    [chap-mu'n],  sh.,    obsols.    a    buyer.  —  Pulverbatoh. 

*  Whad  sort  on  a  far  han'ee  'ad  to-day  ? '  *  A  mighty  'onest  un— every 
mon  kep'  'is  own ;  I  took  a  right  useful  cow  an'  cauve  an  got  never  a 
chapman — ^nod  a  biddin'.'  This  old  word  chapman  formerly  meant 
sdier  as  weU  as  buyer ;  a  trader ;  a  merchant.  A.S.  cedpmunn,  a 
merchant;  a  market-man. 

'  I'anne  micthe  chapmen  £eire 
J»uruth  englond  wit  here  ware. 
And  baldeiike  beye  and  sellen, 
Oueral  )>er  he  wilen  dwellen.' 

Haveloh  the  DanSy  1.  51. 

*,In  Surrye  whylom  dwelte  a  companye 
Of  chapmen  riche,  and  therto  sadde  and  trewe, 
That  wyde-wher  senten  her  spicerye, 
Clothes  of  gold,  and  satins  riche  of  hewe.' 

Chatjceb,  B.  135  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeai 

♦  Beauty  is  bought  by  judgment  of  the  eye. 

Not  utter'd  by  base  sale  of  chapmen^ s  tongues.' 

Lov^s  Labour  Lost,  TL  i.  16. 

*  Par.  Fair  Diomed,  you  do  as  chapmen  do, 
Dispraise  the  thing  that  you  desire  to  buy.' 

Troilus  and  Cressida,  IV.  L  75. 

'  When  chapman  billies  leave  the  street, 
And  drouthy  neebors,  neebors  meet, 
As  market-days  are  wearing  late, 
An'  folk  begin  to  tak  the  gate.' 

:  Bobeet  Bttrns,  Poeijw,  p.  91, 1.  1.  ^ 

<  In  the  days  of  Edward  I.,'  says  Mr.  Oliphant,  *  we  find  scores  of 
French  words,  bearing  on  ladies'  way  of  life,  employed  by  our  writers. 

•  .  .  The  English  chapman  and  monger  now  withdrew  mto  low  life, 
making  way  for  the  more  gentlemanly  foreigner,  the  marchand,^ 
Mr.  Ohphant  makes  further  mention  of  chapman^  as — together  with 
other  words  which  he  enumerates — '  still  sixnggling  for  life,'  at  the 
dose  of  the  sizteenth  century. — Bowrces  of  Standard  English^  pp. 
236—802. 


72  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

CHAPKOVET  [chapinani'],  sh.^  ohsoU,  money  vhicli  the  seller 
giyes  back  to  the  buyer  for  *  luck.' — Pulverbatch  ;  Wbm.  Qy.  com. 
'  I  gid  seyen  pun  ten  for  'er  at  the  for,  an'  got  fiye  Bhillin'  for  e?Mp- 
money,* 

CHABLES'S  WADT  [chaa*i'lzi'z  wain],  sh.  the  constellation  Ursa 
Major.— Bishov'b  Castle;  Cluk;  MuchWenlock. 

'  First  Carrier.  Heigh  ho  I  an  it  be  not  four  by  the  day,  1711  be 
hanged :  Charles^  wain  is  oyer  the  new  chimney,  and  yet  our  horse 
not  packed.    What,  ostler  1 ' — 1  K.  Henry  IV,  ^  IL  L  2. 

In  the  Staimton  edition  is  the  following  note : — '  CharM  wain. 
The  yulgar  anpeUation  for  the  constellation  called  the  Bear,  and  a 
corruption  of  uie  Chorlea  or  Churls  (i.e.  rustic's)  wain.'  Cf,  Jack  and 
his  waggon. 

CHABM  [chaa*r'm],  Shrewbbitbt  ;  PuLyEBBATCH ;  Newport  ;  Wem  ; 
Ellesmebe.  [chaam'l,  CoByE  Dale.  (1)  sh.  the  intermingled  and 
confused  song  of  all  tne  morning  birds.  '  'Ow  the  birds  bin  singin' 
this  momin' ;  the  copp^s  all  on  a  charm.* 

*  Sweet  is  the  breath  of  mom,  her  rising  sweet, 
With  cAanii  of  earliest  birds  .  •  .' 

Paradise  Lost,  Bk.  iy.  1.  64U 

'  I  cTierme  as  b3rrdes  do  whan  they  make  a  noyse  a  great  nomber 
togyther.' — Palsgrave,  in  HaL 

Hence,  perhaps,  *  a  charm  of  goldfinches,'  meaning  a  company  of 
them,'  giyen  by  Strutt  in  '  Terms  used  in  Hawking.' — Sports  and 
Pastimes,  p.  38,  ed.  Hone,  1833. 

(2)  sb,  a  murmuring  noise ;  a  hum,  as  of  many  yoioea  '  Whad  a 
charm  them  childem  bm  makin  i'  school.'    A.8.  cyrm,  a  noise ;  shout. 

CHAETEBrKASTES,  sb.  same  as  Bntty  (2).— Colliebt  ;  M.  T. 

CHASSEL  [chas'h'l],  i;.  a.  to  nibble,  as  rats  do  com. — CoByE  Dale. 
*  The  rots  nan  chasseUed  away  one  'afe  o'  the  V^t  i'  the  rick.'  Of. 
Ohamble. 

CHASSELLIHOS  [chas'li'linz],  sb.  pi.  cut  or  nibbled  grains  of  com 

it  in  the  *  tail-ends,'  q.  y. — OoByE 


which  fall  out  in  the  *  tail-ends,'  q.y.^OoByE  Dale.    C£ 
lings. 

CHASTISE  [chastei'z],  v.  a.,  pee.  to  suspect;  to  accuse. — Shbews- 
BT7BY ;  PuLyEBBATOH.  '  If  s  'ard  to  say  Ven  a  thing^s  gwun  who  'as 
it.  I  chastised  Joe  on  it;  but  'e  flatly  denied,'  an'  toud  me  so  steiight 
format  Veer  an'  w'en  'e  lef  it,  as  I  beueye  'e's  innicent.' 

CHATOES.    See  Potatoes. 

CSHAT8  [chat's],  sb.  pi.  small  branches  and  twigs  used  for  firing. — 
Shbewsbttby  ;  Pulyebbatgh  ;  Ellesmebe  ;  Oswestbt.  '  Dick,  run 
an*  &tch  tuthree  dry  chats  to  put  i'  the  oyen,  I  canna  get  this  big 
'66d  to  bum.' 

'  Loye  of  lads  and  fire  of  chats  is  soon  in  and  soon  out.' — Darhish. 
Bay's  Proverbs,  p.  42. 
Ash  has  '  chat-wood,  small  brushwood  for  fire.' 

CHATIEE-PIE,  8b.  Pica  eaiiddta,  the  Magpie. — Bbidqnobth. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROYINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     7S 

m 

*  And  chattering  piti  in  dismal  disoords  sung.' 

3  Hmry  VL,  V.  yi  48. 

CHATTT  ZBOVSTGHE,  sh.  crambling^ tender  iron-stone. — Collibrt; 
M.T. 

CHAW  [chanj,  (1)  v.  a.  to  masticate;  to  chew. — Pulyebbatoh ; 
Newpobt.    Qy.  com. 

'  .  .  .  But  still  as  yon  are  fishing  chaw  a  little  white  or  hrown 
bread  in  yonr  mouth,  and  Cast  it  into  the  Fond  about  the  place 
where  your  flote  swims.' — The  Compleai  Angler,  ch.  viii.  p.  172. 

A.  8.  eedwan,  to  eat ;  chew. 

(2)  V.  a.,  pec.  to  mumble  in  speaking. — ^Lttdlow.  '  Dunna  chaw 
your  words ;  spake  'em.' 

CHAWL  [cbau'l],  (1)  «&.  a  pig's  cheek ;  a  cheek  of  bacon. — Shbews^ 
BUBT ;  ruLYEBBATGH  ;  Clun  ;  Nbwpobt  ;  Wbm.  *  Bacon  WU2  a  bit 
chopper  at  the  fiEir ;  I  bought  a  prime  par  o'  chawla  for  Id,  a  lb.,  an' 
yo'  ooiild'n  '&Ye  a  good  flitchen  at  Sd.' 

*  Hee  was  byglich  ybownde  *  on  bothe  twoo  halues, 
Bothe  his  cMitU  &  his  ohynne  *  with  bhaynes  of  yren.^ 

K,  Alieaunder,  L  1119. 

Ghayylbone  or  chawlbone,  Mandibula,  *A  ohafte,  a  chawylle,  a 
chekebone;  maxtUa,  .  .  mandvhUa  .  .  .' — Cath.  Aitgl.  In  the 
Latin-English  Yocabulary,  Harl.  MS.,  1002,  f.  140,  occurs  the  word 
*  hrancuB,  a  gole,  or  a  chawle.' — Prcm^,  Parv,  and  Notes.  A.S.  ceaflas, 
nom,  pi.  jaws ;  cheeks.    Cf.  Ghoul  (1). 

(2)  V,  a,  to  chew;  to  munch. — Shbewsbttby;  Ludlow.  '"Whad 
'nee  got  i'  yore  mouth,  chawlin*  athatn  P '    C£  Chaw  (1). 

CHEAPEN  [chepn],  v.  a.  to  ask  the  price  of  anything. — Shbews- 
bttby; PxTLYEBBATCH ;  Gluv  ;  Wbm.  "Ow's  butter  gwelin  this 
momin'  P '    'I  dunna  know,  I  hanna  che^ned  it' 

*  Kite Ay,  about  an  hour  hence  walk  carelessly  into  the 

market-pblce  [Shrewsbury],  and  you'll  see  a  tall  slender  Gentieman 
eheapning  a  Pennyworth  of  Apples,  with  a  Cane  hang^g  upon  his 
Button  ...... 

'  Smith.  A  tall  slender  Gentleman,  you  say,  with  a  Cane  I  Fray 
what  sort  of  Head  has  the  Cane  P 

*Kite.  An  Amber  Head  with  a  Black  Bibband.' — ^Fabqxthab's 
Becruiiing  Officer,  Act  HL.    Scene. — ^A  Chamber. 

Chepyn,  Lidtor.  'To  chepe,  taxare;  Chepe,  preciwn,^ — Oath, 
Akol.  In  Caxton's  Boke  for  Travellers,  a  servant  who  is  sent  to 
market  is  thus  directed :  '  So  chepe  for  us  of  the  yenyson,  $i  none 
hargaigne.'  Palsgrave  nves  the  verb.  *  To  bargen,  chepe,  bye  and 
sell,  marchander,  Gk>  cheape  a  cappe  for  me,  and  I  wyU  come  anone 
and  bye  iV    A.S.  ce&pian,  negctiari. — Prompt.  Parv.  and  Nota. 

CHEER  [chee'h'i^],  sb.f  var.  pr.  a  chair.     Com. 

CHEESES  Fchecziz],  tib.  pi.  the  seed-vessels  of  Malva  sylvettria^ 
common  Mallow.  Com.  John  Clare,  the  Northamptonshire  poet, 
has  a  remiaisoenoe  of  childish  games  with  these  cheeeee,  when  ho 


74  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  The  sitting  down  when  school  was  o'er 
Upon  the  threshold  of  the  door, 
Picking  from  mallows,  sport  to  please. 
The  crumpled  seed  we  call  a  cheesej* 

'  Lea  petiU  fromageons '  is  the  name  given  by  French  children  to 
the  '  crumpled  seed '  of  the  Mallow. 

CHEM  [chem'],  sb.  a  team  of  horses. — Pulverbatoh ;  Weu; 
Ellesmekb.  ^ '  Theer  wuz  a  grand  stand-off  at  the  love-carriage  las' 
Saturday — ^thirteen  waggins.  Mr.  Bromley's  chem  come  in  first,  an' 
Ben  looKed  pretty  proud  on  'is  for^  'orse ;  'e  gid  two  shillin'  for  a  star 
for  'im.'    See  Iiove-carriage. 

CHESPIT  [ches'pit],  sb.  a  cheese-vat. — ^Wem  ;  Ellbsmebb. 

CHESWIT  [chez'wi't],  same  as  Chespit. — Shrewsburt  ;  Pulver- 
BATCH  ;  Clxtk.  *  I  never  sid  sich  a  noggen  fellow  as  that  oowper  is. 
I  axed  'im  to  mak'  me  a  squar^  frame  for  crame  cheese,  an'  *e's  gwun 
an'  made  a  cheswit  big  aniif  to  shoot  a  Cheshire  mon.' 

*  Casiarium,'  glossed  '  cheee-waiet  occurs  in  a  Metrical  VocahtUaryf 
perhaps  ziv.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  L  p.  178. 

CHILDEE  [chQ-dur'],  sb.  pi  children.— Newport. 

*  Of  mouth  of  childer  and  soukand, 
Made  )K)a  lof  in  ilka  land.' 

Metrical  English  PialterCbQfoTe  A.D.  1300). 
Specim.  Early  Eng,,  II.  viii.  5. 

Mr.  Oliphant,  speaking  of  the  changes  at  work  in  the  English  of 
about  A.D.  1120,  says,  '  Cildru  turns  into  cyldren,  for  the  South  of 
England,  unlike  the  North,  always  loved  the  plural  in  en,  of  which 
the  Germans  are  so  fond.'  And  he  observes  of  Ormin,  who  wrote 
about  A.D.  1200,  'He  uses  childre  for  the  plural  of  child^  and  the 
former  still  lingers  in  Lancashire  as  childer ; '  adding,  '  Our  corrupt 
plural  children  came  from  the  South,  as  also  did  brethren  and  kine.* — 
yonrces  of  Standard  English^  pp.  70 — 102. 

Mr.  Earle  says,  *  Brethren  and  children  are  cumulate  plurals.  They 
have  added  the  -en  plural  form  on  to  an  elder  plural ;  for  brether  and 
childer  were  plurals  of  ** brother"  and  "child".' — Philology  of  the 
English  Tongue,  pp.  316,  317.    A.S.  ci7<2,  a  child;  pL  cildra,  cildru. 

Of.  Childermas-Day. 

CrilHi'DETlTH'  [chil'du'r'in],  sb.  pi.  children. — ^Newport.  A  form  of 
rare  occurrence. 

'  God  that  made  se  and  sond, 
With  blody  woundis  he  saU  stond, 
Come  ye  alle  on  ryjt  bond, 
je  chylderin  that  nan  sertyd  me.' 

Bongeand  Caroh  of  the  aeign  of  Henry  VI.,  xvii.  p.  2. 
Warton  Club  Publications,  1856. 

CEILDEBH  [childor'n],  sb. pi  children.     Com. 

*  And  play  as  chyldeme  done  in  strete.' 

Early  Eng.  Miscel.,  iii.  p.  10. 

mrton  Club  Publications,  1865, 


GLOSSARY   OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     75 

CHILL  [chil*],  V.  a.9  pee,  to  wann ;  to  take  the  cliill  off  any  liquid. 
Com.  '  Bring  that  'cm,  wench,  to  ehiU  this  drink  for  the  Maister's 
bayte;  'e  65nna  like  to  'aye  it  cowd,  sich  a  ^um  day  as  this.' 

CHIKBLIHOS  [chim'hlinz],  sb,  pi  bits  gnawed  or  pecked  off. — 
Shbewsbitry  ;  Pulvbrbatch  ;  Wem.  *  The  rots  or  mice  han  cut 
tiie  bags  i'  the  granary,  an'  I  know  theer's  my  'at  full  o'  chimblin's 
on  the  flur.'    See  Chamble.    Of.  Chasaellings. 

CHnOLIVS  [chim'blinz],  sh,  pl.y  var.  pr,  chilblains.  Com.  '  Mother, 
I  canna  bar  66th  these  chimUins  no  lunger,  they  itchen  so.'  '  Well, 
dunna  scrat  'em  no  more  than  yo*  can  'elp,  an'  I'll  axe  yore  faither  to 
fatch  a  good  'oll^  bough  to  squitch  'em  66th ;  it's  the  best  rem^ddy  as 
I  know  to— but  it  gies  yo'  whad  fur  at  the  tune.' 

CHIKLET.    See  Chimney  below. 

•1808.    April    13*,  sweeping  workhouse  ChimUy  /  6V— PariaA 
Accounts,  Much  Wenlock. 

'  The  auld  guidwife's  weel-hoordet  nits. 

Are  round  an'  round  divided. 
An  monie  lads'  an'  lasses'  fates 
Are  there  that  ni^ht  decided : 
Some  kindle,  couthie,  side  by  side, 

An'  bum  thegither  trimly ; 
Some  start  awa,  wi'  saucy  pride. 
An'  jump  out-owre  the  cnimlie 

Fu'  high  that  night' 

H^BEBT  BUBNS,  PoeTM^  p.  45,  L  26. 

CHIMLET-JAWH  [chim'li  jauin],  sh.,  ohsols,  the  solid  masonry 
forming  the  sides  of  the  fire-place  as  seen  in  old  houses. — Pulyeb- 
BATCH.  '  Theer's  nuthin'  lef^  but  the  chimley-jawm,'  said  old  Hannah 
Fletcher,  describing  the  utter  wreck  of  her  house,  which  was  swept 
away  by  the  flood  occasioned  by  the  bursting  of  a  water-spout  on 
the  Stiperstones,  May  27th,  1811.  The  cottage  thus  alluded  to 
skirted  the  side  of  the  little  brook  which  flows  through  the  Fulyer- 
batch  Outrack ;  and  there  was  literally  nothing  left  of  it  '  but  the 
chiTnley-jawm,^  on  which  hung  a  ham,  and  on  a  nail  oyer  it  the  good 
old  dame's  bonnet ;  these  escaped  being  carried  away.  The  faroiture 
was  all  swept  off  by  the  flood,  with  the  exception  of  uie  taU  oak-cased 
dock,  which  stood  against  the  western  wall  of  the  cottage ;  this  wall 
was  borne  in  by  the  violence  of  the  flood,  and  seems  to  haye  impelled 
the  clock  across  the  kitchen,  as  it  was  found  leaning  against  the  before- 
mentioned  chimJ'ey-jatom,  as  a  person  faint  and  weary  might  lean 


grand- 
daughter of  H.  F. .    A  'batch' of  bread,  just  taken  out  of  the 

oven  when  the  storm  burst,  was  carried  by  the  stream  to  Stapleton,  a 
distance  of  three  miles ;  the  loaves,  swollen  to  an  immense  size,  were 
taken  out  at  Stapleton  church-yard.  A  pot  of  gold  pieces,  twenty- 
seven  '  spade  ace  guineas,'  was  never  recovered ;  it  was  believed  to 
have  been  buried  in  the  silt  left  by  the  flood,  and  in  future  ages  may 
be  brought  to  light  as  '  treasure  trove.'  It  must  have  been  a  shed- 
ding-off  of  the  water-spout  which  thus  devastated  the  little  home- 


76  SHROPSHIRK  WORD-BOOK. 

stead  in  the  Palyerbatcli  Oatrack ;  the  main  body  of  water  striking 
off  through  Habberley  and  Minsterley,  as  will  be  seen  from  the 
subjoined  account  of  the  'Minsterley  Flood'  condensed  from  the 
:    Shrewsbury  Chronicle  of  iike  pGiiod. 

*  In  the  afternoon  of  Monday,  27th  May,  1811,  there  was  a  yiolent 
storm  of  thunder,  lightning,  and  haiL    Near  the  White  Grit,  hail- 
stones, two  inches  in  circumference,  lay  almost  a  foot  deep.    About 
five  o'clock  a  cloud  burst  upon  the  Stiperstones,  and  a  torrent  of 
water  rushed  down  the  hill-side,  sweeping  away  several  cottages  of 
the  White  Grit  minora    The  body  of  water,  however,  divided:  one 
portion  took  a  direction  through  Habberley,  but  the  greatest  quantiiy 
pursued  its  course  along  the  ^mley  through  which  Minsterley  brook 
runs,  and  overwhelmed  everything  which  lay  in  its  way ;  trees  were 
torn  up  by  the  roots,  and  one  containing  about  80  feet  of  timber 
floated  over  meadows  for  more  than  a  mile.    Between  five  and  six 
o'clock  the  water  reached  Minsterley,  and  flooded  almost  every  house 
in  the  village.    Mr.  Yaughan,  a  farmer,  was  swept  from  his  fold,  and 
carried  several  hundred  yards  through  the  bridge,  where  the  current 
threw  him  upon  a  pigsty,  whence  he  climbed  to  the  roof  of  a  house 
and  was  saved.    His  sister  was  swept  into  the  brandies  of  a  tree. 
Thirteen  persons  in  the  '  Angel '  puDlic-house  saved  themselves  by 
clinging  to  the  rafters  when  the  water  reached  the  second  story. 
The  stables,  with  all  other  contiguous  buildings,  were  swept  awav» 
but  17  horses  swam  out.    Three  persons  were  drowned  here.    At 
Pontesford  the  flood  burst  into  Mr.  Heighwa3r's  house  through  the 
windows ;  the  walls  gave  way  and  four  people  perished.    Two  ladies 
climbed  on  the  roof  and  wero  saved.    At  this  place  the  water  was  at 
least  20  feet  deep.    The  house  and  mill  at  Plox  Green  were  "  swilled  " 
away.    Great  damage  also  was  done  at  Hanwood.    The  torrent, 
following  the  course  of  Meole  brook,  reached  Shrewsbury  about  half- 
past  ten  at  night  with  a  tremendous  roaring  noise.    All  the  houses 
near  Ooleham  Bridge  were  flooded,  and  the  street  in  front  of  tiie 
fSactory  was  inundated  to  the  depth  of  nearly  three  feet  by  an  instant- 
aneous gush.    The  foree  of  the  stream  turned  the  current  of  the 
Severn,  which  rose  near  the  English  Bridge  four  feet  in  less  than  ten 
minutes.    The  consternation  caused  in  Shrewsbury  was  intense,  as 
the  event  happened  in  the  nijp;ht  and  in  a  time  of  drought,  and  people 
rushed  from  tneir  rooms  half  dressed  and  not  knowing  where  to  ^.' 
Gmten  and  Blakbwat,  in  their  History  of  Shrewsbury ^  vol.  i.  p. 
685,  referring  to  the  foregoing  event,  say,  *  A  subscription  was  imme- 
diately begun  in  Shrewsbury  to  supply  tiie  loss  sustained  by  nearly 
200  families  of  cottagers,  and  the  sum  of  £1862  10«.  Sd.  was  collected 
in  a  few  weeks ;  of  wnich  £1322  Ids.  6d,  was  disbursed  to  the  sufferere, 
and  25  per  cent  returned  to  the  subscribers.    The  liberality  of  the 
contribution  was  enhanced  by  the  consideration  that  two  other  charit- 
able subscriptions  were  going  on  at  the  same  time:   one  for  the 
British  detained  as  prisoners  oy  Bonaparte,  and  the  other  for  the 
distress  occasioned  in  Portugal  by  the  invasion  of  the  French.' 

CHnDfET  [cbim'bli'],  Pulvbrbatchj  Clun.  [cbim'di'],  Clun; 
Cleb  Hn.TiS.  [chim-li'],  Shbewsbttby;  Pttlvebbatch  ;  Much 
Wenlock. 

-COTTOE  [chin'ku'f],  sh,  the  whooping-cough.    Com^    See  Bk. 
n.,  FoOdare,  so.,  '  Superstitious  Cures'  (chin-^xnigh). 


h:ii 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     77 

CHnVE  OF  PO&E^  sh,^  ohsoU,  a  longitudinal  cut  on  each  side  of 
the  backbone  gives  the  chine,  which  is  afterwards  subdivided  into 
small  'hunks.'  The  chine  may  be  cut  broad  or  narrow  to  suit 
the  circumstances  of  the  household.  The  ordinary  breadth  in  a 
large  pig  is  about  three  inches.  Com.  '  Cut  a  good  chine,  Landy,  as 
the  ofiol  lasses  us  most  the  'ear ;  the  flitchens  air  the  *amB  bin  wantin' 
for  rent  an'  other  things.'    See  OffiL 

A  Chine  of  Fork  is  one  of  the  dishes  in  a  '  Bill  of  Fare  for  Grand 
Feasts '  given  by  Bandle  Holme. — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  m.  ch.  iiL 
p.  78. 

CHIHK-CHIHK,  sb.  FringiUa  ccekbs,  the  Chafianch.— Bbidonobth. 
So  called  from  its  ringing,  musical '  call-note.' 

CHISEL  [chiz'l],  same  as  Chassel,  q.  y. — Craven  Arms. 

CHITTEBLIHO  PUFFS  [chith'lin  puf's],  sb.  pZ.  puffs  made  of 
pastry,  filled  with  a  kind  of  mince-meat  made  of  *  chitterlings '  (q.  y. 
oelow)  and  other  ingredients. — Shbewsbuby;  Ellesmeke.  Qy.  com. 
A  Welshampton  woman  gave  the  following  receipt  for  making  chit" 
Ut'lin*  ptiffi :  *  Yo  maun  wesh  the  chitte'lin's  in  a  many  waiters,  then 
soak  'em  four  days  in  saut  an'  waiter,  an'  then  two  dajrs  in  fresh 
waiter,  an'  after  that  yo  maun  bile  'em  till  they  bin  thin  and  clier 
thin,  an'  then  'ack  'em  as  small  as  small,  an'  get  some  oorrans  an* 
rais'ns  an'  some  candied  p^l  an'  spice,  an'  'ack  some  apples,  an'  blend 
'em  aU  together,  an'  mal^  puffs  on  it,  or — ^if  yo  liken  oetter—standin' 
piesw' 

CHITTEBLnrGS  [chit-h'linz],  sb.  pi.  the  'puddings,'  or  intestines, 
of  a  pig.  Com.  Chitterlings,  after  being  tiioroughly  cleansed  by  a 
process  such  as  that  described  in  the  preceding  '  gloss,'  are  prepared 
for  table  by  boiling  them — the  smaller  ones  bemg  plaited  together — 
and  cutting  them  into  short  lengths.  Served  up  thus,  or  else  fried, 
they  are  eaten  with  mustard  and  vinegar,  and  are  considered  quite  a 
dehcacy  of  farm-house  or  cottage  fare.  '  Qet  some  o'  them  chMt^lins 
an'  fry  'em  for  the  men's  supper,  they  bin  mighty  fond  on  'em.' 

Chytyrlynge,  Scrutellum.  *  Chiterlynge,  hitta.'  —  UATH.  Ano. 
'Chyterlin^,  efic2oi2e.'~FALSQ.  Herman  says,  'Let  us  have  trypis, 
chetterlyneis,  and  tr^Uybubbys  ynough,  suppedita  atdicodia  ad  satie^ 
tatem.^  Skinner  derives  the  word  from  Teut.  kutteln,  intestina. — 
Prompt,  Parv.  and  Notes,    Cf.  Koger. 

CAiTUF  [chit'u'p],  sb.  a  saucy,  pert,  forward  girl. — ^Pulvbrbatoh  ; 
Glun.  '  Dun  yo  think  as  I  wuz  gwein  to  be  'ectored  o'er  by  a  little 
ehitup  like  that  ?  I  soon  let  *er  know  as  'er'd  got  the  wrang  pig  by 
the  ear.' 

CHOICE  Jchois's],  adj.f  pee.  careful  of,  as  valuing  highly. — Shrews- 
bury ;  FULVEBBATOH.  Qy.  com.  '  They  han  but  that  one  little  lad^ 
an'  they  bin  mighty  choice  an'  tid  on  'im — 'e's  sadly  spiled/ 

CHOKE-PEAB  fchoa'k  paa V],  sb.  a  very  hard  kind  of  winter  pear.— 
'RT.T.^ftVTgR^j  Mont/ord, 

CHOMBLR    See  Chamble. 

CHOSE  [choa'zl,  v.  a.,  var.  pr.  choose.  Com.  *  ^Er  didna  chase  to 
fltart  alung  6dfh  we,  so  we  lef n  'er  a-wham.' 


78  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK.  * 

An  indentore  written  at  Shbewsbttbt,  '  ye  v  day  of  October  the 
^*^  yere  of  the  Reigne  of  Kynge  Edward  the  iiij*^/  contains  the 
following :  '  Also  it  shall  be  lawfiul  for  the  said  John  C  &  his  eyrys  to 
electt  &  choM  any  other  honest  or  lawfuU  prest,'  &c. — Owsx  and 
Blaksway's  HUicry  of  Shrewsbury,  vol.  ii.  p.  469. 

'  Therfore  let  oure  kynge,  what  tyme  hys  grace  shalbe  so  mynded 
to  take  a  wrfe  to  chose  njin.  one  whych  is  of  god,  that  is,  whyche  is 
of  the  honsholde  of  fEiyta.* — Latimeb,  Sermon  i.  p.  34. 

CEOTJL  [chou-l],  (1)  ah,  same  as  Chawl  (1). — ^Ellesherb. 

'  So  hard  Bofyn  rogud  his  roll. 

That  he  smot  with  his  choiUe, 

Ajayns  the  marbystone.' 

John  Atjdelay's  Poenu,  p.  77. 

(2)  $h.  the  stomp  of  a  tree.— Wem.    Cf.  Stoul  (1). 

CHBISTIAIT  [kr^is'cbu'n],  sb,  this  appellation  is  given  to  an  animal 
as  expressive  of  superior  intelligence.  Com.  '  W'y  'e'd  get  on  that 
wall,  said  a  woman,  of  a  favourite  do^,  *  an'  bark  Hke  a  Chriitian  'e 
56d,  'e  knowed  so  well  who  wuz  a-comin'.' 

GHBISTMAS  BBOF  [kr'is'mus  br'on],  sb.,  obsdsA  a  yule  log.— 

WOKTHEN. 

CHSISTMAB-BBWD,  lefem.— Pulvebbatch.    Cf.  Bnmd. 

CHUCK  [chaek*  and  chuk*],  (1)  ab,  a  cut  of  beef  extending  from  the 
horns  to  the  ribs,  including  the  shoulder-piece.  —  Shbewsbubt. 
Country  butchers  have  *  cuts '  such  as  the  chutk,  *  slench,'  &a,  to 
meet  the  requirements  of  their  farm-house  customers.    See  Slenohi. 

(2)  V,  a,  ltd."]  to  throw;  to  toss.  Com.  '  ChucJk  them  orts  to  the 
pigs,  Surrey.' 

(3)  V.  n.  a  call  to  fowls.    See  CaU-words. 

'  And  with  that  word  he  fleigh  down  fro  the  beem. 
For  it  was  day,  and  eek  his  hennes  alle ; 
And  with  a  chuk  he  gan  Hem  for  to  calle. 
For  he  hadde  founde  a  com,  lay  in  the  yerd.' 

Chattgeb,  Nonne  Fresies  Tale,  L  353,  ed.  Morris. 

(4^  [chuk*],  $h.  a  term  of  endearment  to  a  child.  Com.  'Now, 
chuck,  oome  an'  a  yore  new  coat  on,  we  bin  gwein  to  see  tiie  'ouse- 
keeper  at  the  Squire's.' 

'  Macb.  Be  innocent  of  the  knowledge,  dearest  chuck. 
Till  thou  applaud  the  deed.'— Jtfocie^A,  HL  iL  45. 

CBnJCEIE,  diminutive  of  Chuck  (4). 

'  I  wat  she  is  a  daintie  chuckie. 
As  e'er  tread  dayl ' 
Bobebt  Bubjts,  Poems,  p.  108,  c  2, 1  27. 

CHTTMP  [chrnnp'],  »b,  a  log  of  wood  for  the  fire. — Shrewsbubt  ; 
Wobthen.  *  Fatch  a  chump  to  put  o'  the  fire,  an'  then  itll  las'  u6 
till  we  bin  ready  for  bed.'   (jfBna^ 


\ 


GLOSSAAT  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC,     79' 

CHTJITDES  [chun'dur'],  v.  n.  to  mutter;  to  grumble. — Newport. 
See  Junder.    Of.  Munger. 

CHIJBCHIHG  MICE,  phr.  murmuring  in  an  under-tone. — Pulvbr- 
BATGH ;  Whitchttrch.  *  I  aPa^s  tell  'em  whad  I  think  right  out ;  I 
dnnna  like  churchin'  mice,  they  bin  never  the  wiser  then.' 

CHUBL  [chur'l*],  sb.  CheiranthtLa  Cheiri ;  the  common  Wall-flower. 
— Colliery.    Of.  Bloody  Warrior.    See  Wall-flower. 

CHUBN-DBHiL  [chur'n-dr'ill  sb.  a  flat,  edged  tool,  used  in  drilling 
holes  for  blasting ;  it  is  worked  with  the  hands  alone,  not,  as  is  the 
ordinary  '  drill/  with  the  hammer.    Com.    M.  T. 

CHUBlfllfO  [chur^nin],  part.  adj.  working  the  *  churnrdrilL'    Ibid. 

CHIJBB'-OWL,  sb.,  obsols.  CaprimuJgus  Europceus;  the  European 
Goat-sucker. — Bredonorth.  Called  Churn-owl  from  the  peculiar 
cry  the  bird  utters — *  chur-r-r  !  chur-r-r ! '    Cf.  Night-hawk. 

CLACK  pslak'],  (1)  ^&.  a  contemptuous  term  for  a  woman's  tons^ue. — 
Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch;  Wellington.  Qy.  com.  'Whad  a 
dcuJc  that  56man  'as !  'Er  puts  me  in  mind  o'  Betty  Andras  o'  Cruck 
Meole,  Ven  the  chap  i'  the  market-train  gwein  to  Sosebry  said  to  'er, 
"  Wy,  Missis,  I  should  think  yo'  lied  yore  tongue  this  momin*  afore 
yo'  started."  But  Betty  wunna  short  fur  a  nanser  to  'im ;  no  danger  I 
"  No,  indeed,  sir,"  'er  said,  "  I  didna ;  it  runs  &st  anuf  athout  ilin' ! "  * 

'  par  mid  f^u  dackest  oft  and  longe 
And  ^at  is  on  of  )>ine  songe.' 

Owl  and  NigMingode,  1.  81. 

O.  Dutch,  Jdadsen  ;  O.  Icel.  klaka,  clack.~^TRAT.    C£  Clat  (3). 

(2)  sb.  noisy,  unmeaning  talk.  Ibid.  '  I  tak'  no  more  'eed  on  'er 
eladc  than  a  nowd  'en  cacklin'.' 

(3)  sb.  the  valve  of  a  pump. — Pulverbatch  ;  Welmnoton.  Qy. 
com.  '  I  canna  get  a  drop  o'  waiter  out  o'  the  pump ;  I  dunna  know 
w'ether  it's  the  dock  or  the  bucket,  but  summat's  wrang.'  Cf. 
GUcket  (3). 

(4)  eb.  the  valve  of  bellows.— Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch.  Qy. 
com.  '  'Ow  can  yo'  espect  them  bdlys  to  blow  w'en  yo'n  got  yore 
knee  agen  the  dock  9 ' 

(5)  »b.  a  smart  slap. — Shrewsbury.  '  Mother,  Mary's  gid  our 
little  Sam  a  dadc  o'  the  side  on  'is  yed.'  *  Well,  jest  let  me  ketch  'er, 
an'  rU  gie  'er  Jack-up-the-orchut.' 

Claque;  coup  du  putt  de  la  main. — Chahb. 

CLACKEBy  sb.  a  wooden  rattle  used  to  frighten  birds.    Com.  ,  '  It's 
a  pity  to  see  a  nice  bwoy  like  Jim  stuck  i'  the  leasow  to  frighten 
crows ;  'e  inna  lazy,  fur  'e  works  the  dadcer  right  well. 
C£  Fr.  daqudf  the  clapper  of  a  mill. — Chamb. 

CLAK  [klam*]^  (1)  same  as  dem,  q.  v. — Clun,  Hereford  Border. 

<  My  intrails 
Were  damnCd  with  keeping  a  perpetual  &st.' 
Baman  Adcr^  IL  iL,  Mabsinoes  (first  half  17th  cent.)  in  Nares. 

Bailey  has  <  Ckmm»d,  starred  with  hunger;  *  ed.  1782^ 


toiletl 


80  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

(2)  vh.  to  pull  all  the  bells  at  onoe  in  ringing  a  peaL  Com.  *  I  spec 
the  weddin'a  come  off ;  I  'ear  Wee^ry  beUs  rmgm'  an'  dammin^  bke 
taryJ 

CLAMPER  [klam'puT'],  sh.  an3rthmg  big,  cumbroos^  troublosome,  or 
obstructive,  would  come  under  me  signification  of  this  term. — 
WoETHBN,  Cherhury. 

CLAHE  [klain*],  (1)  v,  a,  and  adj.,  var.  pr,  clean.  Com.  A.S. 
ddenan,  to  dean ;  cZcen,  clean.  Bee  Soureea  of  Standard  UnglUh,  p. 
116. 

V.  a.  to  change  the  morning  drees;  to  arrange  the  afternoon 
lette ;  not  necessarily  to  perform  the  ablutions  also.  Com.  '  Han'ee 
Bid  Mary  about  P '  '  Iss,  I  met  'er  now  jest  at  the  top  o'  the  stars,  gweln 
to  dane  'er  fur  tay.' 

(3)  adv.  entirely ;  quite.  Com.  '  Sally,  the  Maister's  jest  bin  an' 
toud  the  Missis  as  the  fox  'as  bin  i'  the  mght  an'  t56k  all  them  gullies 
— ^they  bin  clane  gwun,  'e  hanna  lef  one.  The  Missis  is  in  a  fine  fan- 
teeg,  an'  ptits  the  faut  on  yo'  fur  nod  seein'  as  they  wun  ssie  i'  the 
crew ;  so  yo'd'n  better  bewr*.' 

*  Medleth  namore  with  that  art,  I  mene. 
For,  if  ye  doon,  your  thrift  is  goon  ful  dene.^ 

Chaitceb,  G.  1425  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

C£  Pb,  IxxTiL  8 ;  J«.  xxiy.  19.    A.S.  adv,  d<hne,  entirely. 

(4^  adj\  clear;  pure,  with  regard  to  complexion;  wholesome 
lookmg.  Com.  '  'Er  wuz  a  mighty  pretty  girld ;  sich  a  dane  skin 
an'  cUer  red  an'  Vite.' 

CLAVLY  [klan'li'],  adj.  clean  and  neat  of  habits. — ^Pulverbatch  ; 
Ellbsmsbe.  Qy.  com.  "Er's  a  danly,  tidy  66man,  an'  the  best 
*uz'ife  i'  the  parish.'    A  danly  dab  is  a  sl&ttem.    Cf.  Dab  (4). 

'  \fe  stede  stod  ful  stille  *  fK)u^  he  steme  were, 
YHule  )>e  kniit  him  sadeled  '  &  danli  him  greil^ed.' 

Waiiam  of  PaUme,  L  3288. 

A.S.  ckSnZIc,  pure ;  cleanly. 

CLAHBE  rklanz*],  (1)  t'.  a.,  var.  pr.  to  clear ;  to  &ee  from  impurities 
or  superfluous  matter  :  to  cleanse. — ^Pulyebbatch.  This  word  is  not 
used  in  the  sense  that  dean  is,  with  regard  to  domestic  economies. 
*  A  dose  o'  camomine  tay  66d.  do  that  cowd  good ;  it  66d  danee  the 
stomach — ^theer's  nuthin  like  yarb  tay.' 

'  And  danae  here  consyans  dene  and  kepe  charite.' 

JoHif  Audelay's  Poems,  p.  14. 

*  On  Tche  braunche  was  a  word  *  of  >hreo  manor  enkes  ; 
Gk>ld  and  Seluer  he  seis  *  and  Asur  forso>e. 
'  ffia  makely ',  quod  l^e  wiht  *  ^  marke  of  gold  ; 
And  '  J^is  saues ',  qua)i  p9,t  wiht '  >e  sevne  of  selaer ; 
And '>is  cton«e8' *  as  fie  Asur  kennes. 

Jo$iph  o/Arimathie,  L  198. 

A.S.  dJkneian,  to  cleanse ;  to  purify ;  to  dear. 

(2)  eh.  the  after-birth  of  a  cow. — ^Pulyebbatch.    Qy.  com.    AJSL 
dameung,  a  cleansing;  purification.    Of.  Oleaxung. 


GLOSSARY  OF  AROHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     81 

0LAVSIVO-BIEVE;[klaii*zi'ii  siy],  sb.  a  large  sieve  used  in  brewing 
to  strain  the  hops'  from  the  vort. — Shkewsbusy  ;  Pttlyebbatch  ; 
Wbm. 

Hoc  eokUorium^  a  clenynff-sef e,  under  the  head  of  '  FandticMtor  cum 
mis  InttruvMniis*  occurs  in  Pictorial  Vocabulary,  xy.  cent.,  in  Wr. 
yocabfl.  yoL  L  p.  276. 

CLAP  pdap-],  (1)  V.  a.  to  lay  down  hastily.  Com.  '  I  clapf  the 
kay  o  the  drink  down  eomew'eer,  an'  now  I  canna  £nd  it.' 

(2)  V,  a.  to  set  down  in  writing.  Com.  '  I  mus'  clap  down  a  few 
arrants,  or  else  I  shall  forget  the  one  'afe.' 

(3)  V,  a,  to  sit  down  hastily.  Com.  *  'Er  clapt  'erself  down  on  the 
first  cheer  'or  come  to.' 

(4)  V.  a.  to  close,  as  of  the  double  doors  or  jrates  of  a  farm-yard. 
Com.  *  Tum,  dap  them  gates  together,  66t  'ee  r '  *  Wen  I've  got  the 
ship  out  o'  the  foud.' 

(5)  V.  a.  to  apply,  as  of  a  poultice  or  plaister,  &o.  Com.  '  If  s  on'y 
a  Dit  of  a  scrat ;  1 11  clap  a  slip  o'  plaister  on  it  jest  now.' 

'  Hell  elap  a  shangan  on  her  tail, 
An'  set  the  bairns  to  daud  her 

Wi'  dirt  this  day.' 
BoBEBT  BiTBNS,  Pwmi,  p.  29,  L  18. 

(6)  V.  a.  to  smack;  to  slap,  as- a  sign  of  approbation.    Com.    Cf. — 

'  And  he  dapte  him  with  ^  tre 
Rith  in  pe  fule  necke  so.' 

ffavdok  the  Dane^  L  1821. 

(7)  $h.  a  smack;  a  slap  of  encouragement.  Com.  'Well  said, 
Jack  I  To'  deearye  a  dap  o'  the  back  for  that.'  '  But  yo'  dappen  too 
'ard.' 

CLAPPEBCLAW  [klap-uVklau*'],  v.  a.  to  scold  and  abuse  with  the 
tongue. — PiTLyESBATCH.  Qy.  com.  *  I  belieye  'er  dapperdawed  'im 
shamefuL' 

CLAPPEECLAWDrO,  a  round  of  abuse.  Ibid.  '  'Er  gid  'im  sich 
a  dapperdaunn'  as  'e  neyer  'ad.' 

CLABT  [klaa.r'*i*],  sb,  olteA  a  shrill  noise  ;  a  ringing  cry. — PuLyER- 
batch;  Wobthex.  (1)  *  It  shewns  the  time  o'  'ear;  the  rooks  bin 
makin'  a  pretty  c/ary.'  (2)  *  Bin  the  'ounds  out  to-day  ?  1  thought 
I  'eftrd  thar  dary.* 

Cf.  '  Clari'sonous  [dari&onuSj  Lai],  sounding  loud  or  shrilL' — 
Bailet,  ed.  1727. 

CLAT  [klat-1,  (1)  v.  n.  to  tattle;  to  propagate  idle  tales.— Pulver- 
BATCH.     •  *Er's  always  dattin'  about  somebody.'    Cf.  Cant  (1). 
(2)  »h.  a  tattler ;  a  tale-bearer.—iWd.    Cf.  Cant  (3). 

•  Clit,  dat,  clit. 
Tore  tongue  shall  be  slit ; 
An'  eyery  little  dog  in  the  town 
8haU  '^ye  a  bit.' 

ShropBhire  •  Nursery  Rhyme/ 
CL^Tett  tahtain  Halliwell's  Nursery  Rhymes  of  England,  p.  76. 

O 


82  SHROPSHIRE  VORD-BOOK. 

'  Glaud,  That  elatteran  "Madges  my  titty,  tells  flio  flairo 
Whene'er  our  Meg  her  canker'd  humour  gaws.' 

Allan  Ramsay,  The  Oentle  Shepherd^  HE.  iL  p.  42. 

(3)  sh.  a  contemptuous  term  for  a  woman's  tongue. — EtJiBSMKRE. 
'  Whad  a  clot  that  woman  'as !  Did'n'ee  ever  'ear  sich  a  nise  'er 
mak'sP'  CL  Clack  (1).  A.S.  datrung,  anything  that  makes  a 
clattering. 

CLAW  [klau'1,  V,  a.  to  seize  hold  of;  to  snatch  at — Shrbwsburt. 
Qy.  com.  '  Now,  childem,  W  needna  daw  out  o'  the  basket  as  soon 
as  it's  put  down,  yo'n  get  whad's  in  it  none  the  sooner.' 

'  He  daws  it  as  Clayton  daw^d  the  pudding,  when  he  eat  bag  and 
all.'— Ray's  Proverbs,  p.  220. 

A.S.  dawian;  O.H.  Germ.  Jdawen,  to  claw;  clutch. — Stbat. 

CLAWS,  CLEES,  CLET8  [klau-z],  Ellesmebb;  Wem.  [klee-z], 
Shbewsbury  ;  Clun.  [klai-zj,  Pulverbatch  ;  Worthen  ;  Bishofs 
Castle,  sh.  pi,  the  respectiye  parts  of  a  cloven-foot  '  Tak'  car*  as 
yo'  scauden  the  pig's  fit  well,  so  as  the  deys  66n  come  off  aisy  athout 
tarrin  'em.' 

Handle  Holme,  in  his  Academy  of  Armory ,  enumerates  amongst  the 
parts  of  '  The  Legs  and  Feet  of  a  Bull,  Oxe,  or  Cow,'  the  dees  or 
noofis,  which  is  termed  douhle-dawed,  or  cloven-footed. — Bk.  II.  ch. 
xi.  p.  171.  Of  a  sheep,  hoofis  or  daws. — Ibid.  p.  177.  Swine's  feet, 
daws  or  hoofs. — Ibid.  p.  181. 

*  Claw,  or  cZ«  of  a  beste.     UngulaJ* — Prompt.  Parv. 

Minsheu  fed.  1617,  p.  97)  has  the  following  :—*  2051.  The  Cleye» 
of  Crabbes,  Scorpions,  &c.,  4  Lat.  Chelae  arum;  idem  Gr.  x9^<<^»  ^* 
ff^ifXai,  a  trxt^itf*  i.[e-]  findo,  to  cleave  asimder,  quia  fissae  videntur  in 
duas  partes,  because  they  are  divided  and  cloven  asunder.^ 

A.S.  dawu,  a  claw ;  dea,  dec  ;  id.  pL  deawan,  deaum. 

CLAY-COLD  [klai-  koa-ldj,  adj.  quite  cold;  lifeless.  Com.  (1) 
*  Weerever  han'ee  'ad  this  child  P  it's  fit  an'  'an's  bin  day-cold — it's 
welly  starved  to  djeth.'  (2)  *The  body  wuz  day-cold  w'en  it  wua 
fiind.' 

CLEACH  [klee'ch],  (1)  v.  a.  to  clutch. — Glee  Hills. 

<  )>enne  Sir  Gauan  bi  \>e  coler  cWhes  Ye  kni^t.' 

The  Anturs  of  Arther,  &c.,  48,  7,  in  Strat. 

(2)  V.  a.,  obsols.  to  lade  out  in  a  skimming  kind  of  way,  so  as  not  to 
disturb  the  bottom. — Pulverbatch.  *  Tak'  a  spfirtn  an'  fatch  a  spot 
o'  crame ;  deach  it  under  caifiilly,  nod  to  disturb  the  milk  much,  or 
we  shan  '&ve  it  sour.' 

CLEACH-HOLE  [klee'ch  oal],  sb.,  obsols.  a  place  scooped  out  in  the 
bed  of  a  brook,  to  collect  water  for  domestic  purposes. — Pulver- 
batch. '  Mind  as  yo'  dunna  muddy  the  deach- ole  ;  1  shall  want  it 
clier  for  weshin*  the  butter.' 

CLEACH-ITET  [klee-ch  netl  sb.  a  hand-net.  similar  in  form  to  a 
'shrimping-net,'  used  in  shallow,  muddy  waters  to  catch  'pinks'  or 
other  small  fish.  —  Shrewsbury.  A  good  *deachin* -waiter,*  as 
described  by  John  Cotton  of  Hanwood,  is  water  disturbed  by  rain,  in 
which  the  deach-net  may  be  used  imperceived  by  the  fish. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     83 

CLEAHnrO,  (1)  8h,  same  as  Clanse  (2). — Atcham.     Qy.  com. 

(2)  9h,  a  cleansing  drink  given  to  the  cow  at  the  time  of  calving. — 
Ihid.    Of.  Clanse  (1). 

CLEAT,  CLET,  CLTTT  [klee-t],  Whitchurch,  [klet-],  Wellington. 
[klnt],  PuLVEEBATCH ;  WoRTHEN,  «6.  a  Small  wedge.  *  The  cogs  o* 
this  sned  binna-d-as  tight  as  they  oughten  to  be ;  I  mun  get  some 
duU  for  'em  afore  I  can  begin  to  mow.' 

^  Handle  Holme  has  <  Flow-Clates,  a  kind  of  Wedge  to  raise  the  Beam 
higher  or  lower.' — Academy  of  Armory ,  Bk.  III.  ch.  viii.  p.  333. 

*  Cldte,  cleat  (elate),  wedge  ;  cuneua,' — Strat. 

*  Ciyte,  or  clote,  or  yegge  (clete  or  wegge).  Cunetu.* — Prompt  Parv, 

GLEES.    See  Claws. 

CLEK  [klem*],  v.  a.  to  pinch  with  hunger ;  to  famisL  Com.  Starve 
is  never  used  in  this  sense ;  it  is  applied  to  cold  only.  '  They  sen 
Jack  Pugh's  t65k  to  gaol  fur  poachin',  an'  the  poor  6dman  an'  child  em 
bin  clemmed  an'  aiarvin* ;  they  hanna-d-a  bit  o'  bread  nor  a  lump  o' 
coal  i'  the  *ouse.' 

'  I  cannot  eat  stones  and  turfis,  say.  What,  will  he  clem  me  and 
my  followers  ?  Ask  him  an  he  will  clem  me ;  do,  go.' — Ben  Jonson, 
Foeiaster,  I.  ii.  (first  half  17th  cent.),  in  Wr. 

*  You  been  like  Smithwick,  either  clem'd  or  borsten.  Chesh! — Ray's 
Proverbs,  p.  227. 

Du.  klemmen,  to  pinch;  O.L.  Germ,  (bi)klemman;  O.H.  Ghorm. 
(bi)chlemmen,  to  clam.    See  Strat.    Cf.  Clam  (1). 

OLEH-OXTT  [klem*  gut],  (1)  sb.  poor  food. — Pulverbatch.  '  I  canna 
ate  that,  it's  reg'lar  ctem-gut.* 

(2)  <idj\  poor;  unsatisfying:  said  of  food. — Ibid,  *1  dunna  like 
them  dem-gut  apple-fit  for  bayte;  theer's  nuthin  like  a  good  lommack 
o'  bread  an'  cheese.' 

A  field  at  Northwood,  Ellesmere,  is  called  Clem  gutU, 

GIXM-OUTTED  [klem*  giiti'd],  part  adj.  said  of  one  who  eats  raven- 
ously, as  if  hunger-pinched. — ^Newport,  Shiffnal, 

CLEHT  [klent*],  v,  n.,  ohaols.  to  dry,  as  grass,  &c. ;  a  hay-field  term. 
— Bridgnorth.  '  Them  nettles  mun  be  cut  an'  lef  to  dent,  ready  for 
the  bottom  o'  the  rick.' 

CLET.    See  Cleat. 

CLETS.     See  Clawf . 

CLICK  [klik'l  (1)  sh.  a  sharp,  unexpected  blow.  Com.  'I  gid  'im 
aich  a  didc  i'  the  ear-'ole.' 

(2)  V.  a.  to  dose;  ta  snap. — Pulverbatch.  *Did'n  a  dick  the 
wicket  after  'emP' 

CLICKET  Pkliki't],  ah,,  ohsoU,  the  fastening  of  a  gate. — Craven 
Arms,  Stokeeatf,  An  iron  link  is  attached  to  the  gate  by  means  of  a 
staple ;  this  Lnk  is  terminated  by  a  short  hasp-like  bolt.  On  the 
gate-post  is  an  iron  plate,  having  in  it  a  kind  of  key-hole,  into  whi(;h 
the  before-mentionea  bolt  fits,  much  after  the  manner  of  the  fastening 
of  a  trunk,  thus  securing  the  gate. 

o  2 


84  8HB0P8HIRB  WORD-BOOK. 

'  Hec  $ericula.  A*  clykyt'  occnrs  in  an  English  FooaMory.,  xr.  oenl 
in  Wr.  Tocaba  Tol.  i.  p.  203.  Cf.  Lat.  tera,  a  moTeable  bolt  or  bar  for 
fastening  doors,  and  tbe  srricula  is  represented  by  the  dicket  still  to 
be  seen  in  some  parts  of  Shropshire ;  there  is  one  snch  now  (1873)  on 
the  wicket  which  leads  from  Stokesay  Castle  into  the  adjoining 
churchyard.  *  Clykett,  cUtorium^  davicula*  *  A  clekett,  cJavis* — Cath. 
Axo.  '  Clyket  of  a  dore,  dicquette* — Palso.  The  French  term  diquei, 
in  Low  Latin  diquetus,  seems  properly  to  haye  signified  a  latch. 

•  Pessulus  versaUliSf  Oall,  loquei.' — Due. 

Thus  the  gloss  {temp.  Ed.  IL)  Qautier  de Bibelesworth  {dose  of  zm, 
cent.)  renders  it — 

'  Par  diket  et  cerure  (laoche  and  hok). 
Ert  la  mesoun  le  plus  sure.' 

Arund.  MS.  220/.  302  h. 

Chaucer,  however,  uses  the  word  in  the  sense  that  is  here  given  to 
it,  *  davictday  a  lytel  keye.' — Ortus.    Thus  in  the  Merchants  Tale — 

' .  .  .  .  he  wold  suifre  no  wight  bere  the  key, 
Sauf  he  himself  *  for  of  the  smal  wiket, 
He  bare  alway  of  silver  a  dikei.* 

Prompt.  Parv,  and  Notes. 

'Statuentes  quod  in  ostio  domus  librarise  sit  una  serura  dikat 
Tulgariter  nuncupata,  de  qua  quilibet  socius  dicti  nostri  Begalis  Col- 
legii  habeat  clavcm  unam :  quod  quidem  ostium  singulis  noctibus 
serari  volumus.' — From  chap.  Ix.  of  the  Statutes  given  to  King's 
College^  Cambridge,  by  the  Founder,  King  Henry  VL,  in  the  year 
1446. 

(2)  v.  a.,  obsols,  to  fasten  the  wooden  latch  of  a  door  by  inserting 
a  peg  above  it,  thus  preventing  it  from  being  raised. — Chuhch 
Stbetton.  Wooden  latches  of  the  kind  referred  to,  at  one  time 
common  throughout  Shropshire,  are  now  [1873]  fast  disappearing. 
They  are  raised  on  the  outer  side  of  the  door  by  the  simple  expedient 
of  pulling  a  string  which  is  fastened  to  the  latch  within,  and  passed 
through  a  hole  in  the  door. 

(3)  sh.  the  valve  of  a  pump.-— Craven  Arms,  Stokesay,  Cf .  Olack  (3). 

(4)  Same  as  Cleat,  q.  v. — Ludlow,  Deepwood^  Bromfield. 

(5)  sh.  a  thin  board,  having  four  or  five  small  arched  apertures^ 

Cced  before  the  mouth  of  a  hive  in  the  winter  months  to  protect  the 
s  fram  mice  or  other  vermin. — Pitlverbatch  ;  Craven  Arms. 

(6)  V.  a.  to  protect  the  hives  by  means  of  a  dicket,  'Han  'ee 
dicketed  the  bees  ?  *— Pulverbatch  ;  Craven  Arms. 

CLIES  [klei'ur*],  v.  a.  and  adj.,  var.pr,  clear.  Com.  'Hanna  yo' 
diered  them  things  away  yet  *f" 

CLIEBINOS  [klei'urinz],  sb.,  oba.  the  middle  quality  of  dressed 
hemp  or  flax,  between  the  fine  tow  and  the  'noggs'  or  *hurds.' — 
Pulverbatch.  *The  waiver^s  made  rar*  cloth  o'  the  dierins;  I'll 
xnak*  the  lads  some  shirts — ^they  donna  want  a  scrattin'  pwust.' 

CLDTKEB  [kling'kur'j,  (1)  sb.  a  cinder  of  iron  dross,  composed  of 
a  small  proportion  of  iron  mixed  with  earthy  impurities. — Colliery; 
M.  T. 


OL0S3ART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   BTC.      85 

'  The  colliers  are  coming  here, 
Is  still  the  talk  and  tattle ; 
Eor  they  have  left  their  cinder-hills, 
Where  clinkers  sore  did  rattle.* 

The  Battle  of  Chirk  Bank,  a  ballad  published 

by  B.  Minahnll,  Oswestry,  Jan.  4th,  1831. 

Byegonesy  August  16,  1876.    See  Cavaldry. 

(2)  a&.  a  hard,  incombustible  cinder  of  coal.  Com.  '  I  dunna  like 
Short  Hill  coal,  ifs  so  full  o'  clinkers.  Now  the  Arscott  coal  bums 
away  to  ess,  an'  yo'n  done  66th  it.' 

(3)  V.  n.  Coals  are  said  to  clinker  when  they  cake  firmly  together 
in  burning. —Colliery;  M.  T. 

(4)  sh.  a  smart  blow.    Com.    '  Fatch  'im  a  clinker  i'  the  mouth.' 

(5)  «&.,  obsols.  a  nail  used  by  shoemakers  for  protectiDg  the  toes  of 
heavy  boots.  Com.  A  clinker  has  a  rectang^ar  head,  curyed  at  the 
extremity,  so  as  to  lie  close  to  the  toe  leather.  Half  a  dozen  of  these 
nails  are  required  for  a  boot,  but  steel  *  tips '  are  generally  superseding 
them.  '  TeU  the  cobbler  to  p&t  some  clinkers  at  the  nose  o'  them 
boots,  or  they'n  soon  be  spurred  out  playin'  at  marvils.' 

CLmiLUK  HILLS,  sb.  pL  high  heaps  of  iron  dross  cinders. — 
Colliery;  M.  T.  See  Clinker  (1).  The  *  Clinker  hill  riots,'  which 
took  place  near  Wellington,  in  Feb.  1821,  are  still  remembered  as  a 
matter  of  local  history.  The  colliers  rose  in  opposition  to  the  iron- 
masters on  a  reduction  of  their  wages,  assemblmg  between  Dawley 
and  Malin's  Lee  to  the  number  of  about  3000,  with  the  intention  of 
injuring  and  stopping  yarious  works.  The  Yeomanry  were  called 
out  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant-Col.  Cludde — a  fray  ensued ; 
the  colliers  occupied  the  clinker  hillsy  and  hurled  stones  and  clinkers 
on  the  cavalry,  seriously  hurting  some.  The  cavalry  fired  upon  the 
colliers,  killed  two,  and  severely  wounded  others.  TJitimatelv  several 
were  made  prisoners  and  committed  to  take  their  trial  at  the  Salop 
spring  assizes,  March  25th,  1821.  Sentence  of  death  was  passed  upon 
two ;  one,  however,  was  reprieved,  the  other  was  hanged  on  the  7th 
of  April  following.  The  rest,  nine  in  number,  were  imprisoned  for  a 
term  of  nine  months,  with  hard  labour.  A  detailed  account  of  the 
'  riots,'  given  in  the  Salopian  Journal  of  Feb.  7th,  1821,  was  reprinted 
in  Shreds  and  Patches,  August  2nd,  1876. 

CLIP  [klip-],  (1)  V.  a.  to  embrace;  to  fondle.     Com. 

'  ft  whan  |»e  sunne  gan  here  schewe  *  ft  to  schine  bri^t, 
)>e  hende  &  hinde  *  bi-gunne  to  a- wake, 
ft  maden  in-fere  ^e  mest  murj^e  *  )>at  man  mi^t  diuise, 
wi)?  clipping  ft  kessing  '  and  contenaunce  fele, 
ft  talkeden  bi-twene  *  majoi  tidy  wordes.' 

WiUiam  o/Faleme,  1.  3076. 

<  He  kisseth  hire,  and  dippeth  hire  ful  ofL' 

Chaucer,  C.  T.,  L  10,287. 

Mar,  '  0,  let  me  dip  ye 

Li  arms  as  sound  as  when  I  woo'd.' 

Coriolanus,  1.  vi  29. 
A.S.  dffppan,  to  embrace ;  clasp ;  clip. 


86  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

(2)  f;.  a.  to  cut  wool,  as  of  a  sheep ;  or  hair,  as  of  hones,  &a   Com. 

*  And  sleping  in  Mr  barme  yp-on  a  day 
She  made  to  clipve  or  shore  nis  heer  awey.' 

Chauceb,  B.  3257  (Siz-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

*  Clyppyn,  Tondeo*  Clyppynge,  Tontura,  A  dippynge  howse,  ion- 
«oriu/7i.  —  Cath.  Ako.  In  Norfolk  to  dip  signifies  now  to  shear  sheep, 
and  the  great  annual  meeting  at  Holkham  was  commonly  termed  the 
Holkham  clip  or  clipping.    Eorby. — Prompt,  Parv.  and  Notes. 

Icel.  klippay  to  chp,  cut ;  klippa  hdr^  to  cut  hair. 

(3)  sh,  the  quantity  of  wool  from  the  shearing  of  a  flock. — Cleb 
Hills.  Qy.  com.  *  Whad  sort  on  a  dip  han  'ee  *ad  this  'ear  ? '  '  Oh, 
mighty  middling  thank  yo\' 

(4)  sb.  a  '  clamp '  of  iron  perforated  at  each  end.  It  is  app^lied  as  a 
bandage  to  a  weak  or  fractured  part  of  an  implement ;  wire  is  passed 
through  the  holes  at  the  ends  to  draw  it  up  to  the  requisite  degree  of 
tightness. — Pulyerbatch.  Qy.  com.  *Tak'  them  twins  down  to 
the  blacksmith's  shop,  an'  '&ye  a  bit  of  a  dip  put  on,  or  else  yo'n  be 
losin'  the  tines.' 

'  1594.  It  thorns  adderton  for  three  dypea  of  iron  for  settynge  to  the 
newe  pylpitt  "vj*.* — Churchwarden* s  Accounta  of  the  Abbeys  Shrews-  - 
bury. 

CLIP-ME-TIGHT,  sh,  the  scapula  of  a  fowl,  with  the  coracoid  bone 
attached.— Cle£  Hills.    Cf  Lucky-bone. 

CLIPFHTG  THE  CHTJECH.    See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &c.,  '  Customs 
connected  with  Days  and  Seasons '  (Shrove  Tuesday), 

CLOD   [klod*],  sb,  shale  found  in  the  coal-measures. — Colubbt; 
M.  T.    See  Coal-Field.    Cf .  Clunch. 

CLOD-COAL,  sb,  one  of  the  lowest  coal-seams ;  a  good  smelting  coaL 
— Collieby  ;  M.  T.    See  Coal-Field. 

CLOD-MALL  [klod-maull,  (1)  sb,,  obs,'i  a  large  wooden  hammer 
employed  for  oreaking  clods. — Pulvbrbatch. 

*  Then  eyerv  man  had  a  nudly 
Syche  as  thei  betyn  dotty  a  withaU.' 

Huntyng  of  the  Eare,  U.  91,  92. 

*  A  dottynge  maUe,  occatorium,* — Oath.  Ano.,  in  Way. 

(2)  V.  a.  chiefly  used  in  the  participial  form;  metaphorically,  to 
imply  retributive  justice. — I  bid,  *'E11  a  'is  day  o*  dod-malling,* 
said  a  poor  dying  woman  of  one  who  had  done  her  grieyous  wrong. 

CLOG  [klog-],  (1)  V.  a,  to  steep  seed-grain  in  lye  or  a  solution  of 
*blue  vitriol,'  in  order  to  destroy  the  parasitic  fungus  {Pucdnia) 
which  produces  smut. — Glee  Hills.    Cf.  Pickle. 

(2)  ab,  a  strong  leather  shoe  with  a  wooden  sole.  Com.  "When  the 
leather  soles  of  such  shoes  are  worn  out,  it  is  a  general  practice  to 
have  them  replaced  with  wooden  ones.  The  man  who  does  this  is 
called  a  dogger. 

•  Clogga  are  shooes  with  thick  wooden  soles.' — Academy  of  Armory, 
Bk.  m.  ch.  I  p.  14.  ^ 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.      87 

(3)  »h,  a  kind  of  under-Blioe  worn  by  women  to  protect  their  feet 
from  wet.  Com.  This  dog  consists  simply  of  a  thick  wooden  sole, 
the  heel  of  which  is  usually  *iron-claa.'  Two  leather  straps  are 
attached  to  the  sides,  which,  being  tied  by  a  string  over  the  instep  of 
the  wearer,  keep  the  dog  in  position.  Germ.  ^otZy  a  block,  log; 
klotz9ckuh,  a  clog  or  wooden  shoe. — ^Wedo. 

(4)  $h,  a  billet  of  wood  fastened  to  the  foot  of  an  animal  to  prevent  it 
straying  far  from  a  certain  limit.  Com.  '  Clogge,  Trunaia,* — Prompt, 
Farv,  *  TrunctUatiis,  Plant.  Clogged,  or  that  weareth  a  dog:-^ 
Did.  Etym.  Lai. 

CLOG-FAIB-DAT  [klog-  faer'  daayl,  sb.  S.  Thomas's  Day.— Bishop's 
Castle  ;  Clxtn.  See  Bk.  n.,  FoUuore,  &c,  *  Customs  connected  with 
Days  and  Seasons.' 

CLOOOEB.    See  Clog  (2). 

CLOGOnTG.  See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &c.,  '  Customs  connected  with 
Days  and  Seasons'  (8.  Thomaa'a  Day), 

CLOXB  [klom-],  pret  and  part,  past,  climbed.  —  Shrewsbury; 
PuLyERBATGH ;  CoRTE  Dale  ;  NEWPORT.  *'E  domb  up  the  wuk- 
tree  after  the  ackems.' 

'  That  Phebus,  which  that  shoon  so  clere  and  bryghte, 
Degrees  was  fyue  and  fourty  dombe  on  hyghte.' 

B.  12  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

'  So  domb  thiB  first  grand  thief  into  God's  f  old.^  ^ 

Paradise  Lottf  iy.  L  192. 

Dr.  Monis  notes  the  preterite  domb  as  '  obsolete '  in  his  Historical 
English  Accidence,  p.  159.    See  Grammar  Outlines  {strong  verbs). 

CLOVTESnrG  rklon'tui'in],  part.  adj.  walking  with  heavy,  clatter- 
mg  steps,  as  if  caused  by  clumsy,  ill-fitting  shoes. — Shrewsbttry  ; 
T^^ITGHTTRCH.  *Theer  'e  g66a  donterin*  55th  'ia  clogs  alung  the 
street.' 

CLOS'  [klos*],  sb.  a  small  field  near  the  house. — Pclverbatch  ; 
Clun  ;  Clee  Hills.  •  Whad  sha'n  we  play  at  P '  *  We'n  run  'ar*  an* 
'oun's  three  times  round  Gittins's  dos*  afore  the  bell  rings '  (Churton 
School).    A  field  at  Aston  Botterell  is  called  Dove-us-dw. 

'  .  .  .  also  that  John  Qwale  shall  not  have  Gyns  dose  nor  the 
Chyrche  dose,  as  he  has  taken  them  to  farm.' — PasUm  Letters,  AJ). 
1474,  voL  iiL  p.  112. 

CLOSEM  [kluzni'm],  v.  a.  to  grasp  in  a  close  embrace. — Weh. 
'  They  dosem*d  out  o'  one  another,  an'  wros'led  together  a  good  bit 
afore  we  could  part 'em.' 

CLOTH  [kloth*],  sb.  linen,  in  contradistinction  to  calico.  Com. 
'  To'  thmk  be'appen  as  I  dunna  know  the  difference  twix  doth  an' 
calica,  but  yo'  bin  mista'en ;  theer^s  too  many  thrids  gwun  through 
my  fingers  in  linen  an'  5511en  fur  that :  an'  as  to  yore  fine  **  Union," 
it's  neither  one  nor  tother.' 

CLOUT  [klou-t],  (1)  sb.  a  rough  patch. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch. 
Qy.  com.  This  term  is  more  especially  applied  to  cobblers'  patches ; 
but  a  rough  board  nailed  on  to  a  wooden  paling  would  also  be  called 


§8  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

a  cloui,  'Them  owd  boots  binna  wutb  tappin';  but  tak*  'em  to 
Bradley  an'  axe  'im  to  ptlt  a  dout  under  the  'eel,  an'  then  they'll  las' 
a  bit  lunger.' 

'  Better  see  a  clout  than  a  hole  out.  They  that  can  cobble  and  doui 
shall  have  work  when  others  go  without.' — Ray's  Proverbs,  p.  89. 

'  Spare  none  but  such  as  go  in  clouted  shoon.' 

2  K.  Henry  VL,  IV.  iL  195. 

See  also  Cymheline^  TV.  ii.  214 ;  also  Joshua  ix.  5. 

Glowte  of  a  schoo,  Pictasium,  Palsgraye  giyes  the  verb  '  to  cloute, 
carreleTt  rateceller.  I  had  nede  go  doute  my  shoes,  they  be  broken  at 
the  holes.' — Prompt,  Parv.  and  Notes. 

Sir  Frederic  Madden  says,  'The  verb  is  presenred  in  Belgic, 
Mutaen^  Muteren,  to  cobble  or  repair.'  See  Glossarial  Index  to  William 
of  Paierne,  ed.  Skeat,  p.  262.  As  a  verb,  doui,  to  mend,  to  patch,  it 
of  frequent  occurrence  in  tiie  early  writers,  and  some  of  the  later 
ones ;  as,  for  instance.  Bums, 

(2)  sb,  a  plate  of  iron  going  half  way  round  that  part  of  an  axle- 
tree  which  works  within  the  stock  of  a  wheel.  It  protects  the  wood 
and  keeps  the  wheel  steady  when  rotating. — Pttlyerbatch.    Qy.  com. 

'  The  CloviBt  or  Axell-tree  Clouts,  the  Iron  plates  nailed  on  the  end 
of  the  Axell-tree  to  saye  it  weareing.' — Academy  of  Armory^  Bk.  TTI. 
ch.  yiii.  p.  339. 

'  A  clowte  of  yme,  crtMfa,  erunta  ferrea^  et  cetera  uhi,  plate.' — Cath. 
Ano.,  in  Way.    Of.  Hurter. 

(3)  sh,  a  doth  or  rag  applied  to  mean  purposes :  as  a  '  babby-e?oti<,' 
a  '  diak-dout,*  an  '  OYerx-dout,*    Com. 

'  Ycrammed  fill  of  doutes  and  of  bones.' 

Chaucer,  C.  348  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeai 

'  And  hing  our  fiddles  up  to  sleep. 
Like  hahY'douts  a-dryin.' 

BoBEBT  BxTBNS,  Pocms,  p.  29,  L  22,  c  2. 

'  Clowte  of  clothe  (cloute  or  ragge).    Bcrutum,  panniculus,  pannuctd.* 
— Prompt.  Parv. 
A.S.  duti  a  little  cloth ;  clout. 

(4)  sh.  a  blow.    Com.    '  I'll  gie  yo'  sibh  a  doui  yo*  neyer  'ad*n,  if 
Ion  that  agen.' 

'  The  kinges  sons,  kene  and  proud 
Gkif  kyng  Richard  swylke  a  ner  doui^ 
That  me  fyr  of  his  heyen  sprong.' 

R.  Coer  de  Lion,  L  768. 

'  And  radly  raght  him  a  dowte.^ 

ffuntyng  of  the  Hare,  L  174. 

({»)  V.  a.  to  beat ;  to  deal  blows.  Com.  '  Nancy  Smith  douted  that 
chap  right  well  for  'is  imperence ;  'er  didna  spar  "un,  an'  saryed  'im 
right  an'  all.' 

'  C.  Custance.  .  .  .  Come  hither  if  thou  dare, 
I  shall  doute  thee  tyll  thou  stinke  .  .  .' 

Roister  Doister,  Act  ii^*.  so.  iij.  p.  65. 

Jamieson  has, '  To  dowt,  to  beat ;  to  strike— properly  with  the  handa' 
Ct  Du.  kloisen,  to  strike  on. 


yo  di 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     89 

CLOUnVO-irAILS  [klou'tin  nailz],  sh,  pi.  large  square-headed  nails 
used  for  strengthening  the  heels  of  heavy  boots. — SHBEWSBimY ; 
PuLVEKBATCH.    Qy.  com.    Cf.  Clinker  (5). 

'  Wify  his  knopped  schon  *  clouted  full  ))ykke.' 

P.  PI,  Cr.y  1.  424. 
Cf.  Clout  (1). 

CLTTHCH  [klun'sh],  sh,  a  species  of  shale  found  in  the  coal-measures. 
— Colliery  ;  M.  T.    See  Coal-Field.    Cf .  Clod. 

Bailey  has,  '  Clunch,  &Zu0-clunch,  a  substance  which  is  found  next 
the  coal,  upon  sinking  the  coal-pits  at  WedTvuhury,  in  StaffordBhire* 
ed.  1782. 

CLTJT.    See  Cleat. 

CLUTTERED  [klut'ur'dl,  part,  adj,  clotted ;  coagulated,  as  of  milk 
or  blood.. — Atghah  ;  Wem.    '  That  milk's  gettin'  dutteredJ 

'  The  dothred  blood,  for  eny  leche-craffc, 
Corrumpeth,  and  is  in  his  bouk  i-laft.' 

Chaucer,  The  Knighiea  Tale,  I,  1887,  ed.  Morris. 

'  Orumeau  de  sang,  a  clot  or  clutter  of  coagulated  blood.' — Cotobate, 
in  Wr.     O.Du.  kldteren,  clotter.     CoagularcSTRAT, 

COAL-CAKES  [koal  kaiks],  ab,  pi.  cakes  of  dough  taken  from  the 
'  batch'  and  baked  in  the  mouth  of  the  oven  before  the  fuel  is  cleared 
out.  Eaten  with  the  addition  of  a  lump  of  butter,  tiiese  cakes  are 
excellent. — Cluv  ;  Clee  Hills. 

COAL-FIELD,  sb.  The '  Shropshire  Coal-field'  possesses  many  features 
of  peculiar  interest,  alike  to  the  Geologist  and  the  Mining  Engineer : 
for  the  former  there  are  formations  of  different  'strata,'  beautiful 
sections,  faidts  and  dykes,  and  effects  of  denudation,— while  for  the 
latter  there  are  the  varied  characteristics  of  the  coal-seams  and  bands 
of  iron-stones.  The  names  of  the  '  strata '  of  the  Shropshire  Coal-field 
may  not  inaptly  find  a  place  in  a  Shropshire  Word-Book,  They  are  com- 
prised for  the  most  part  in  the  following  '  section  taken  from  a  cutting 
m  the  Old  Park  Colliery,  near  Oakengates,  which  contains  all  the 
coals  and  iron-stones  that  peculiarly  characterize  the  field,  with  the 
exception  of  what  is  found  m  the  Madeley  section,'  added  below. 

SBOnON  07  FUDLET  HiLL  PiTS. 


THICKNK88 

OF 

THICKmnS  TO 

STRATA, 

> 

COAL. 

yd.. 

ft 

In. 

yda.    ft   In. 

Soil  ... 

0 

0 

8 

Clay 

1 

1 

0 

Loose  Bock    ... 

1 

2 

0 

Coal 

0 

1 

0 

3    1    8 

Blue  aod 

4 

0 

0 

Bed  Clunch    ... 

3 

0 

0 

Top  Bock 
White  Clod    ... 

8 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

Brown  Clunch 

5 

0 

0 

Bed  and  Blue  Clod 

irward 

.  > . 

3 

1 

0 

Carried  fc 

29 

2 

8 

90 


SHBOPSHIBB  WORD  BOOK. 


Brouglit  forward 

White  Binds  ... 

Blue  Clod 

Brown  Cluncli 

Bed  and  Blue  Clod 

Blue  aod 

Thick  Bock    ... 

Btron^  Blue  Clod 

Stinking  Bock 

Coal 

Bock 

Coal 

Fire  Clay 

Coal 

Strong  Binds  ... 

White  Bock   ... 

Bed  Clod 

Brickman's  Measure 

Bough  Bock  ... 

Bough  Binds... 

Dark  Clod      ... 

Dark  Bock     ... 

Bock  Binds    ... 

StrongClod   ... 

Blind  Bass 

Ballstone  Clod 

Top  Coal 

Bass 

Slaty  Measure 

Half-yard  Coal 

Double  Coal  Bock 

Double  Coal 

Yellow  Stone  Clod 

Yakd  Coal  ... 

Farting 

Blue  Flat  Clod 

Pitdi  of  Casses 

White  Flat  Clod 

Bio  FLnn:  Coal 

Flint  Bock      ... 

Fenny  Stone  Clod 

STiNKiNa  Coal 

Upper  Clunches 

Silk  ob  Clttngh  Coal 

Clunches 

Two  Foot  aio)  Best  Coals 

BAin)LE  AND  Clod  Coals  ^ 

Little  Flint  Bock 

LiTTLB  Flint  Coal 


Total 


a*. 


•  •• 


THliUIHI 

or 

THXCKims  TO 

SntATA. 

* 

COAL. 

ydB.     ft. 

in. 

yds.    ft.  in. 

29     2 

8 

4    2 

0 

7    0 

0 

4     1 

0 

4    0 

0 

7    0 

0 

17     0 

0 

16    0 

0 

16     1 

0 

0     1 

9 

0     1 

6 

0    0 

9 

0    2 

0 

0     1 

0 

109    0    8 

6    0 

0 

18    0 

0 

1     2 

0 

< 

3    2 

0 

17    0 

0 

6    0 

6 

3    2 

6 

8     2 

0 

5    0 

0 

4     1 

6 

1     0 

0 

5    0 

0 

* 

1     1 

6 

191     0    8 

0     1 

0 

4     1 

6 

0     1 

6 

2    0 

0 

• 

2    0 

0 

201     1    8 

1     2 

6 

0     2 

9 

0     1 

6 

1     2 

6 

1     2 

0 

3     1 

»; 

1     0 

0 

211    2    8 

7    2 

0 

6    2 

0  • 

1     1 

0 

9    0 

0 

0    2 

0 

0    2 

6 

1     1 

4 

1     1 

8 

240    1     2 

4    0 

0 

0    1 

6 

244    2 

8 

244    2    8 

OLOSSABT  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     91 


Wat^tct.-rv  RwffPTnwa 

jda.    ft 

in. 

Little  Flint  Bock 

3    1 

0 

CrawBtone  Measure 

1    0 

0 

Coal             ...           ... 

0    1 

0 

Crawstone  Crust 

1    2 

7 

Lanaukire  Lctdiea  CoAL 

0    0 

9 

Not  worked. 

Bock,  hard     ... 

0    2 

0 

Ditto 

1    0 

0 

Coal 


Wenlock  Limestone  underlies  this  at  Lincoln  Hill. 

NoUs  <m  the  Shropshire  Coal-Fidd,  by  T.  Paetow,  F.G.S.,  1868. 

COAL-HOD  [koa'l  od],  sb,  a  wooden  coal-scuttle. — Pulvbrbatch  ; 
Newport.  *  Bucket,  saucepan,  and  cocU-hod.* — Audioneer^a  Oatalogu/e 
(Forton  Hall),  1875. 

C0AL-HAME8.  The  nomenclature  of  coal-seams  is,  as  a  rule,  purely 
arbitrary ;  but  the  $ame  seam,  after  being  once  named,  will  maintain 
its  title  right  through  a  coal-field,  if  properly  identified  according  to 
relatiye  position  or  mineral  characteristics.    The  following  list  com- 

f  rises  most  of  the  names  given  to  seams  in  the  N.E.  Shropshire 
'ielda    Such  as  haye  the  *  prefixed  will  be  found  more  especially 
mentioned  under  their  respective  letters  in  the  body  of  the  Qlossary. 

Places  whebe  wosked. 
..    Common. 

..    Donnington,  £.  of  Lightmoor  Fault. 
..    Madeley. 
. .    Wombridge. 

Donnington,  Oakengates,  Dawley. 
..    Donnington,  Wombridge,  Oakengates. 
..    Dawley. 
..    Common. 

..    Donnington,  Oakengates,  Dawlev. 
..    Donnington,  Wombridge,  Malins  Lee, 

Dawley. 
...    Donnington,  Wombridge,  Oakengates, 

Dawley,     Madeley,    Amies     (near 

Broseley). 
...    Oakengates. 
...    Donnington,  Wombridge. 
...    Donnington,  Wombridge. 
...    Madeley. 
...    Madeley. 
...    Madeley. 

...    Donnington,  Wombridge. 
*..    Oakengates. 

...    Donnington,  £.  of  Lightmoor  Fault. 
...    Donnington,  E.  of  Lightmoor  Fault. 

Maddey  (not  worked). 
...    Dawley. 
...    Dawley,  Madeley. 
...    Donnington,  Wombridge,  Dawley. 
...    Madeley. 
...    Dawley,  Malin*s  Lee. 


SsAica 

Best 

Blackstone 

Bottom 

Chance 
♦aod 

Clunch 

Cover 
♦Curlv 
«  Double 

Flint 

*  Flint,  Little 


Flint,  Big 
Foot 
♦Fungus 
Oainey,  Upper 
Oainey,  Little 
Gainey,  Main 
Gur 

Half-yaxd 
Kennel 
Lancashire  Ladies 

Laver 

Lower 

Bandle 

Bider 

Sill 


>> 

>> 
>> 

9t 


99 

>l 
>l 
f> 
>> 
>> 

» 
»• 


92  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

Seaicb,  Places  vhebb  worked. 

Sill,  Lower  „  ...  Dawley. 

Silk  or  Glunch  „  ...  Oakengates. 

♦Stinking  „  ...  Dawley,  OaJkengatea. 

Stinking,  Small  „  ...  Donnington. 

Stone  „  ...  Donnington. 

Sulphur  „  ...  Common. 

*^op  „  ...  Donnington,  Wombridge,  Oakengates, 

Dawley. 

Tow  „  ...  Donnington,  R  of  Lightmoor  Fault. 

Two-foot  „  ...  Donnington,  Wombridge,  Oakengates, 

Dawley,  Malin's  Lee. 

Three-quarter  „  ...  Donnington,  Wombridge. 

♦Yard  „  ...  Common. 

COB  [kob*],  (1)  sh.  the  chief;  the  leader. — Shrewsburt;  Pulver- 
BATCIL  Qy.  com.  '  Tum'a  gettin'  too  big  for  that  job ;  'e*8  bin  cob  o* 
the  walk  this  lung  wilde.'    A.S.  copp,  the  head ;  top. 

(2)  V,  a.  to  surpass ;  to  exceod. — Ibid,  The  relation  of  any  sur- 
>n8ing  or  improbable  feat  will  often  call  forth,  *Well,  that  cobs 
^oUy,  an'  Dolly  cobbed  the  devil.'    A.S.  idem.    Cf.  Cop  (2). 


f5 


COBBITS  fkob'its],  sb.  pf.,  obsols,  two  iron  bars  having  knobs  at  the 
upper  end  to  rest  upon  the  andirons :  meeting  at  the  opposite  extremity 
on  the  centre  of  the  hearth,  they  form  a  kind  of  cnidle  for  the  fire- 
wood.— Clee  Hills. 

*  1  Paire  of  Cobbita '  is  an  item  of  an  inventory — of  about  1758 — 
found  in  an  old  chest  at  Aston  Botterell,  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
which  place  the  term  still  (1873)  lingers  amongst  the  old  people, 
though  the  things  which  it  expresses  are  rarely  to  be  seen.  Kay 
gives  '  a  Cob-iron^  an  Andiron,'  as  aa  EsaeJL  and  Leicestershire  word 
(ed.  1768).    Cf.  Andirons. 

COBBLE-VOBBLE,  v,  a.  to  rap  on  the  head  with  the  knuckles. — 
PuLVERBATCH.  Qy.  com.  •  111  cobble-nobble  yore  yed,  if  yo'  dunna 
be  quiet' 

COBBLES  [kob'lz],  (1)  sK  pi,  stones  broken  for  laying  on  roads. — 
Shrewsbury.    Qy.  com. 

*  Hie  rudue,  A"  a  cobyl-stone.' — Pictorial  Vocabulary,  xv.  cent ,  in 
Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  256. 

A  cobbledy  road  is  a  rough  road. 

(2)  tib.  pi,  small  lumps  of  coal.  Com.  '  Put  tuthree  cobUe$  o'  the 
fire  as'll  bum  up  quick.'  Cobbledy  coal  is  coal  in  small  lumps,  free 
from  slack,  and  naving  no  large  pieces  in  it 

COBBLETICTTT.     See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &c.,  'Games.'  ' 

OOB-HUT  [kob*  nut],  ah,  the  conquering  nut  in  the  game  of  Cobble- 
ticut,  q.  V.  Com.  '  Pll  shewn  yo'  a  cob-nut  as  'as  cobbed  twenty ; 
it's  as  'ard  as  bra2dl,  an'  561  cob  twenty  more  yet'    See  Cob  (2). 

COCKAMEG  fkok'u'meg],  sh,  a  short  prop  at  an  oblique  angle  from 
the  roof  of  the  mine  to  the  top  of  the  '  sprag,'  used  whilst '  holing' 
where  coals  are  tender.— Collibrt;  M.  T.    ^  Sprag  (4). 


OLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.     93 

COCKER  [kok'ur'],  sb.^  ohsols.  a  sock ;  a  short  stocking. — Shrbws- 
BX7KY ;  PuLVEBBATCH.  *  How  old  ifl  the  child  P '  •  Oh,  'er*8  on*y  a 
little  iin ;  'er  inna-d-out  o'  cockers  yet.' 

*  And  cast  on  me  my  clothes  *  ydouted  and  hole, 
My  coheres  and  my  coffes  '  for  colde  of  my  nailles.' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass,  vi  1.  62. 

'  Cokeres,  short  woollen  socks  or  stockings,  without  feet,  perhaps 
worn  as  eaiters.  A.S.  cocer,  a  sheath;  Du.  koker,  9,  sheath;  a  case; 
a  quiver. — Olossarial  Index  to  Text  B.,  small  ed«,  Skeat 

COCKET  [kok-i't],  adj\  saucy;  pert;  petulant. — Shrewsbury;  Pul- 
YERBATCH.  Qy.  Com.  *  Yo*  nee'na  be  so  cockit  about  it.  I  toud  yo' 
fur  yore  own  good — but  yo'n  fine  it  out.' 

COCKHEAD  fkok'ed],  sb.  the  top  part  of  the  spindle  which  carries 
the  upper  mill-stone  in  a  flour-mill ;  this  stone  rests  on  a  pivot  on  the 
top  of  the  cockhead.  Com.  The  lower  mill-stone  is  stationary  on  a 
frame  of  iron  or  wood  :  the  spindle  goes  through  the  centre  of  it.  See 
Bash  (1). 

COCKSCOMB  [kok-skiim],  sb,  Ehinanthus  Grista-GdUl,  common 
Yellow-rattle. — Oltjn  ;  Much  Wenlock.  The  country  folk  consider 
that  when  the  seeds  of  this  plant  rattle  in  their  capsules  it  is  time  to 
mow  the  hay-grasa    C£  Battle-boz. 

C0CK*8  EGO  [kok-8  egl,  sb,  an  abortive  egg.  —  Pulverbatoh; 
WoBTHEN.  See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &c.,  'Superstitions  concerning 
Birds  and  Eggs.' 

COCKSHUT  [kok-shaet],  sb.  a  long,  rough,  steep  field. — Ludlow.  In 
the  same  neighbourhood  a  wood  is  often  called  cockshut.  As  a  place- 
name  the  term  occurs  repeatedly  in  the  nomenclature  of  Shropsnire. 

CODLOCKS  Fkod-luks],  sb.  pi.  small  pieces  of  coal  or  stone. — 
CoLUEBY ;  M.  T.    See  Craws  of  Iron-stone.    Qt  Cobbles. 

COFEB  [koa'fur'],  sb.  a  chest ;  more  especially  one  used  in  stables  to 
hold  com  for  the  horses. — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch;  Worthen; 
Ellesmere.  '  I  fund  out  w'eer  the  eggs  goen ;  theer  wuz  sixteen  'id 
imder  the  com  i'  the  cofer.  Turn  may  well  a  the  Maister's  'ackney  fat  I ' 

•Cofur,  cisia.* — Prompt,  Parv,  Capsa,  glossed  co/er,  occurs  in  a 
Metrical  Vocabulary  (perhaps),  xiv.  ceniy  m  Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i.  p. 
176. 

O.Fr.  co/re,  cofin;  panier;  oorbeiUe;  de  cophintts. — Bub.  Cf.  Bin 
(2) ;  also  Cub  (1). 

COiJGLE  [kog'l],  V.  n.  to  be  shaky,  as  of  a  rickety  piece  of  furniture. 
— Shrewsbury.  Qy.  com.  *  Dear  'eart  I  'ow  this  table  coggles  ;  it's 
Bwilkered  my  tay  all  o'er  the  cloth.' 

COOS  [kog'z],  (1)  sb.pl.  the  short  handles  on  the  pole  of  a  scythe. 
Com. 

'  The  koggs  are  the  handles  of  the  sythe.' — Academy  of  Armory, 
Bk.IILch.Yiii  p.  322. 

(2)  sh.  pi.  pieces  of  iron  on  a  horse's  shoe,  to  raise  the  heel  from  the 
ground. — Shrbwbbxjby.    Cf.  Corking. 


94  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

CODT  [kwoin*,  cmr,  kwa'yn'],  r.  a.,  vat,  pr.,  ohsA  to  coin. — Pulvbr- 
BATCH.  '  I  d^dna  '&ye  'im, — nod  if  *e'd  quine  *is  skm  into  g^ld — ^no 
Id6dna.' 

COLDFIVCH,  $h.  the  Yellow  Ammer.— Whitohuboh.  See  Black. 
■mitli. 

COLLAS-PSOTTD  [kol-ui^  pi^oud],  adj.  restive :  said  of  a  hone  that 
won't  go  steady  in  harness. — ^Newpobt. 

COLLOOTJE  [ku'loa'g],  v,  n.  to  unite  and  plot  together  to  the  disad- 
vantage of  others. — Pulvbbbatch  ;  Wbm.  Qy.  com.  *  No  danger  o* 
e*er-a-one  o'  them,  tellin*,  they  bin  all  collogued  together.'  'Aye,  I 
dout  they  bin  a  bad  lot.' 

<  Why,  look  ye,  we  must  collogue  sometimes,  forswear  sometimes.* 

McUcont.,  O.  PL  iv.  94,  in  Nares. 


A  blackguard  smuggler,  right  behint  her, 
An'  oheek-for-chow,  a  chume  vintner, 

Colleagtiing  join ; 
Picking  her  pouch  as  bare  as  winter 

Of  a'  kind  coin.' 

BoBEBT  Bubns,  Poenu,  p.  10, 1.  34. 


COLLOW  [kol'u'],  ^1)  sb.  soot,  such  as  is  commonly  seen  on  a  fire- 
grate^ pots,  or  kottW    Com.    See  Colly,  below. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  blacken  with  soot. — Ibid.  *  Wy,  Bessy,  'ow  yo'n  coHortfed 
yore  &oe ! '  *  Oh,  no  'arm  in  a  bit  o'  dane  collow,*  t^eople  blade 
themselves  with  coal,  but  coUow  themselves  with  soot 

Colwyd  (colowde,  P.),  carbonatuB.  '  To  colowe,  make  blacke  with  a 
cole,  charbonner.^ — Palsq.     Prompt,  Parv,  and  Notes, 

N.  koUiy  to  black  or  smut  with  coal ;  holui,  smutted.  Aasen.  in 
Wbdo. 

COLLT  [kol'i'j,  ah.  and  v,  a,  same  as  Collow.-— Newpobt. 

*  Nor  hast  thou  collied  thy  face  enough,  stinkard ! ' 

Ben  J  0N80K,  Poetaeter,  IV.  v.  in  Nares. 

'  To  see  her  streaking  with  her  ivory  hand  his  [Vulcan's]  collied 
cheekes,  and  with  her  snowy  fingers  combing  his  sooty  beard.' — Ccdwn 
Britan,,  B.  4,  1634.     Ibid. 

Of.  Shakespeare's  *  collied  nigJit,'  Midi.  Nights  Dream,  I.  i.  145 ; 
also  Othello,  U,  iii.  206. 

COLLY-WEST  fkoM'  west],  adj,  and  adv.  awry ;  out  of  the  direct 
line.  Com.  *  lore  bonnet's  stuck  on  colly "West,  like  a  mawkin  in  a 
oom-leasow.' 

COME-OV,  V,  n.  to  grow;  to  improve.  Com.  'Them  yerlins 
eomen-on  right  welL' 

COME-THT-WAYS,  phr.  come  here;  an  encouraging  form  of  address. 
Oom.    Noticed  by  Halliwell  as  occurring  in  Shakespeare. 

COHICAL  [komi'kul],  (1)  adj. , pec.  disagreeable;  queer  in  temper. 
--Shbewsbuby  ;  Pulvebbatch.  Qy.  com.  "Er^s  a  good-sorted 
d5man ;  but  'er^s  got  some  comical  cornels  in  'er  temper.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     95 


a  mug.'    See  Dead  ICaa'a  Fair. 


COMIC-STBirCK  [komik  str'uk],  adj.  strack  with  amazement. — 
Shbbwsbuby;  Pttlyekbatoh.  Qy.  com.  'Dunna  stand  starrin* 
like  summat  eomic-9truck  ;  pi&t  yore  sliuther  to  it,  an'  'elp  'im.' 

COIQITO-FLDOB  [kum'i'n  flur'],  sb.  the  floor  of  a  malt-house  on  which 
the  barley  is  spread  to  germinate.    Com. 

'  A  Couching  Floore,  a  Floor  made  of  Plaister  of  Paris,  smooth  and 
even,  which  no  water  will  hurt,  where  the  wet  Barley  is  laid  to  come. 

'  The  Comeing  of  Barley  or  Malt  is  the  splitting  of  it  as  if  it  oast 
out  a  Boot. 

'  Wither  it  is  to  cast  it  abroad  on  the  Kill  Floor  when  it  is  come, 
that  the  comeings  may  wither  away,  and  for  the  Barley  to  dry.  It 
must  be  turned  every  twelve  hours.' — Academy  of  Armory ,  Bk.  HI., 
ch.  iii.  p.  105. 

See  Goucli  (1),  also  Witherina 

OOKR-JTPOiS'COVE,  sb.  '  peldor/ — see  farther,  Corlystone,— called 
cone^upon-cone  on  account  of  its  crystallization  assuming  that  form. 
Coixieby;  M.  T.    Cf.  Bog-roof. 

COVQITEA  [kong*kar^],  ab.  a  snail-shell.  In  the  children's  game  of 
pitting  snail-shells  one  against  the  other,  that  which  breaks  its 
opponent  is  called  the  conquer. — Shbewsbuby;  Ellesmebe;  Oswes- 
TBY.    Qy.  com.    Cf.  Gob-nut. 

COVSAIT  [kunsai't],  (1)  ab,,  var.  pr.  conceit.     Com. 

(2)  sh.  opinion.    Com.     '  I  hanna  much  conaait  of  'er.' 

(3)  V.  a.  to  fancy.  Com.  'I  couldna  eonaait  to  ate  after  that 
Mman,  'er  looks  so  grimy.' 

(4)  V,  a.  to  conceive ;  to  ima^e ;  to  apprehend  Com.  '  Mother, 
Bessy  Leach  wuz  at  school  this  momin',  an'  'er  face  is  all  red  from 
the  maides ;  think  I  shall  '&ve  'em  ? '  '  Dunna  yo'  go  to  eonaait  'em ; 
think  nuthin'  about  it.' 

'  If  any  man  conceit  that  this  is  the  lot  and  portion  of  the  meaner 
sort  onely,  and  that  Princes  are  priuiledged  by  their  high  estate,  he 
is  deceiued.' — The  Tranalatora  to  the  Reader,  in  Bible  Word-Book, 
p.  122. 

COVSABH  [ku'nsaaVn],  vb.  and  ab.,  var.  pr.  concern.     Com. 

COHSASBVEHT  [ku'nsaaVnmu'nt],  ab.  concern ;  business. — 
PuLYEBBATCH.  Qy.  com  '  Bichu't  wanted  me  to  tell  the  Maister 
as  the  turmits  wun  gwe'in  less  faster  than  they  shoulden ;  but  I  toud 
'im  it  wuz  no  oonaarnment  o'  mine.' 

COHSABH  TO',  an  expletive;  a  slight  imprecation.  Com.  Cf. 
8am(l). 

COHTBAPTIOVS  [ku'ntr'ap'shu'nzl,  ab.  pi,  all  odds  and  ends; 
nnall  matters. — Shbewsbuby.  *  Whad'n'ee  lef  aU  them  contrajpiiofta 
theer  fur,  messin'  about  P ' 


96  8HB0PSHIBB  WORD-BOOK. 

COODLE  [kSSd'l],  v.  n,  to  get  close  together,  as  a  flock  of  chickens 
does.— SHfiETrsBXTBT;  PuLYERBATCH.    Of .  Coother. 

COOLEB  [koo'lar'],  sh.  a  large  and  somewhat  shallow  oval  tub  used 
in  brewing.    Com.    See  Tumel. 

COOM  [kuom*],  sb.,  var,  pr,  a  comb.  Com.  A  person  flushed  as 
from  anger  or  drink  is  said  to  have  '  raddled  'is  cSomJ  *  I  should 
think  70^  bin  'ayin'  a  spot  o'  rum  i'  yore  tay,  yo'n  raddled  yore  cdcm.* 
The  metaphor  is  borrowed  from  the  reddening  of  the  wattles  and  oomb 
of  a  cock  when  excited.  Bay  has,  '  He's  raddled,'  in  his  Provtrhial 
PeriphrauB  of  one  drunk^  p.  69. 

COOP  [k:oo'p],  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch.     [koa'p*],  Clun,  v.  a.  to 

tighten ;  to  draw  in :  a  term  of  needlework.     '  Anne,  yo'n  got  one 

side  o'  this  sem  lunger  than  the  other,  yo'  mun  coop  it  in  a  bit  or  else 

unpick  it.' 
* ^* 

COOTEB  [kuo'tur*],  eh.,  var.  pr.  coulter ;  that  part  of  a  plough  which 

cuts  and  forms  the  furrows.    Com.    See  Plough. 

COOTH  [kooth-T,  «6.  a  cold. — Wbm;  Whitchurch;  Ellesmere; 
Oswestry.  *That  child's  ketcht  a  oooth  somew'eer.'  A.S.  eo%,  a 
disease ;  a  malady. 

COOTHEE  [kuodh'ur'],  same  as  Coodle,  q.  v. — Glee  Hills. 

COOTT  [kuot-i'],  adj.,  ohsoU.  snug;  comfortable;  cosy. — Pulvbr- 
BATCH.  '  Whad  a  nice  c6oty  bonnet  yo'n  got ! '  '  Aye,  it's  odds  to 
whad  a  war*n  now-a-days  Mth  thar  ears  all  bar.'    Of.  Tutty. 

COP  [kop*],  (1)  «&.  the  highest  part  of  a  *  but '  in  ploughed  land. — 
Pulverbatch;  Oorye  Dale.    AS.  copp,  the  head;  top;  apex. 

(2)  V.  a,  to  surpass ;  to  exoeed.~OLEE  Hills  ;  Ellesmere.  '  Well, 
that  8  copped  aU  as  eyer  I  sid  afore.'    A.S.  idem.    Of.  Cob  (2). 

COPPY  [kop'i'l,  fh.  a  wood ;  a  plantation.     Cora. 

'  This  Oastle  [Myddle]  stood  at,  or  in,  the  north-east  comer  of  a 
pretty  lar^  parke  .  .  .  On  the  south  side  there  is  a  place  called  the 
Lane,  which  lyes  betweene  the  Coppy  (which  was  part  of  the  parke) 
and  Webscott  grounds  .  .  .  The  timber  of  part  of  this  parke  was 
long  since  falne ;  but  the  timber  of  those  partts  which  are  called  the 
higher  parke  and  the  coppy  were  fallne  about  fifty  yeares  agoe,  and 
sold  to  Mr.  Thomas  Atcherley  of  Marton,  and  Thomas  Wright,  of  Ihe 
same.' — Gough's  History  of  Myddle,  p.  29. 

COPSIL  [kop'si'l],  (1)  sh.y  ohs.  a  wedge  for  keeping  the  coulter  of  an 
old-fashioned  wooden  plough  in  its  place  and  at  a  proper  angle  to  the 
beam. — Wem,  Hopton.  The  copail,  or,  as  it  was  some  times  called,  the 
cop-wedge,  was  generally  attached  to  the  beam  of  the  plough  by  a 
shoil  chain  to  prevent  its  bein^  lost.  When  it  was  taken  out  of  the 
hole  in  the  beam,  through  which  the  coulter  passed,  the  latter  would 
be  quite  loose  and  could  be  removed  at  pleasure  for  repairs.  The 
copsil  in  fastening  the  coulter  was  vertical,  or  nearly  so,  to  the  beam. 
In  modem  iron-ploughs  a  horizontal  cramp  secured  by  a  screw 
and  nut  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  beam  fulfils  the  office  of  the  old 
copni.    The  substance  of  the  foregoing  description  was  given  by  two 


GLOSSART  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC     97 

old  fitrm-laboureTS,  who  made  their  statements  quite  independently  of 
each  other,  Decern.  1874.  OopeiU  of  this  kind  fell  out  of  use  when 
iron  ploughs  became  general,  about  183d — 1840. 

Mr.  Wright's  edition  of  Piers  Ploughman  has  a  frontispiece  copied 
from  a  coloured  drawing  on  the  fly-leaf  of  a  MS.  of  Piers,  PL  in 
Trinity  College  Library,  Cambridge,  marked  there  B.  3,  14,  the  date 
of  which,  according  to  Mr.  Skeat,  is  quite  the  end  of  the  i4th  cent. 
The  plough  depicted  in  the  drawing  has  the  coulter  passing  through 
the  beam  and  secured  by  a  wedge— an  arrangement  corresponding 
exactly  with  that  of  the  coulter  and  copail  as  it  obtained  in  the  first 
half  of  the  19th  cent. 

The  sense  of  the  term  rop«t7  as  given  above  is  probably  the  primary 
one,  from  A.S.  cop,  top,  apex,  and  «u7  or  eyl^  a  plough.  A  secondary 
meaning  may  afterwards  have  attached  to  it,  and  the  word  been  used 
for  any  wedge  or  peg.  *  Two  pair  of  Ootterells  or  Copsoles  *  are  men- 
tioned in  an  Invnttwy  .  .  .  Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle, 
1625.  Cf.  Oottril.  Handle  Holme,  after  describing  the  parts  of  a 
yoke,  says,  'He  beareth  Gules,  a  Cop-sde  and  Pin,  with  the  chain 
I^endant,  Argent,  By  the  name  of  CopsoW — Academy  of  Armory ^  Bk. 
III.,  ch.  yiii.  p.  335. 

(2)  sb.  The  term  wpatl  is  given  to  the  cramps  on  the  plough-beam 
which,  by  means  of  screws  and  nuts,  secure  and  adjust  the  wheels  of 
the  plough. — ^Ellesmere.  An  application  of  the  old  word  to  a 
modem  usage ;  perhaps  an  isolated  instance. 

(3)  sh,  a  piece  of  iron  describing  an  arc,  welded  to  the  end  of  the 
plough-beam,  perforated  and  furnished  with  pins,  for  adjusting  the 
width  and  regulating  the  draught  of  the  plough.  Cf.  Buck  (1). 
In  this  third  sense  of  the  term  copsil  reverts  to  the  etymology  before 
suggested.  It  terminates  the  head  of  the  beam,  and  is  the  *  cop '  or 
highest  part  of  the  plough  when  working.  In  Piers  Ploughman's 
plough  the  apex  of  the  curved  bea^n  where  the  wedge  enters  appears 
to  be  the  '  cop '  of  the  plough. 

COP-WEDOE  [kop-  wej],  «&.,  oha.     See  Copsil  (1). 

'  Intersimfnium,  glossed  wegge^*  occurs  in  the  description  of  a  plough 
and  its  parts  in  Metrical  Vocabulary  (perhaps),  xiv.  cent,  m  Wr, 
vocabs.,  vol  L  p.  180.    Cf.  Kay  (2). 

COKD  [kwur'-d],  «&.,  var.  pr.  cord. — Church  Stretton  ;  Clun. 

CORDWOOD  [kwur'd  ood],  sh.  the  medium-sized  portions  of  fallen 
trees  cut  into  lengths,  ana  ranked  in  '  cords '  measuring  8  ft.  long,  3 
ft.  1  inch  wide,  and  5  fb.  1  inch  high. — ^Pttlterbatch ;  Clee  Hills; 
Bridgnorth.  Cordwood  is  chieflv  intended  for  charcoal,  so  when  a 
fall  of  timber  takes  place  the  trunks  of  the  trees  are  sold  to  a  timber- 
merchant,  the  '  brash '  or  small  fuel  is  carted  away,  the  cordwood  is 
prepared.  Then  comes  the  charcoal-burner,  makes  for  himself  a  hut 
of  poles  and  turf,  and  remains  on  the  spot  till  he  has  manufactured 
the  rordwood  into  charcoal, — ^a  '  ticklish  process,  wnich  requires  con- 
stunt  attention  day  and  night. 

* .  .  .  Hee  became  a  timber-man,  and  purchased  all  the  timber  in 
K(*nwick*s  Parke  [about  1600]  .  .  .  hee  bought  all  the  Oakes  at  I2d, 
a  tree,  and  had  the  Ash  and  Underwood  into  the  bargaine,  but  hee 
wanted  sale  for  it.    It  is  said  that  hee  would  sell  wood  for  fewell  at 

H 


98  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

4d  per  waine  loade,  and  because  Hee  wanted  vent  for  Cordwood  liee 
erected  a  Glasse-hooee  to  consume  some  of  bis  Oharooale,  wbicb 
bouse  is  called  tbe  Glasse-bouse  to  this  day.'— GouoH*8  History  of 
MyddU,  p.  140. 

Blount  says,  <  A  Cord  of  wood  ongbt  to  be  eigbt  foot  long,  four  foot 
broad,  and  four  foot  bigb,  by  Statute.' — OloMographia,  p.  161. 

CORKlnO  [kaur'-ki'n],  sb.  a  piece  of  iron  on  a  horse's  shoe,  to  raise 
'the  heel  from  the  ground. — ^Pulyebbatoh  :  Bi8H0P*8  Gastlb.  QL 
Coga  (2). 

COBMLET  Fkaur'Tnlet],  «ft.,  var.  pr,  a  great  eater. — Chubch 
Steetton,  Le  Botiffood,     Cormorant  is  evidently  meant 

COSH  [kauT'n],  sb.  wheats  in  contradistinction  to  other  grain.  Com.. 

COSnCEAKE  [kau-r'n  kr'aik],  sh.  Ortygometra  erex^  the  Landrail — 
Shbewsbuby  ;  Pulvbbbatch.    Of.  Iiandrake. 

'  The  bl^sfuU  byrdis  bownis  to  the  treis, 
And  ceisais  of  thare  heuinlye  armoneis ; 
The  Comcraik  in  the  croft,  I  heir  hir  cry; 
The  bak,  the  Howlat,  febjll  of  thare  eis 
For  thare  pastyme,  now  m  the  ewinnyng  fleia.' 

Sib  David  LTin>E8AT,  Poems,  ed.  Fitsedward 
Hall,  D.C.L.,  E.  R  T.  S. 

See  Bk.  11.,  FoUdore,  Ac,  'Superstitions  oonoeming  Birds  and 
Eggs.' 

COBVEDy  part,  adj.  full  of  drink ;  intoxicated. — Wellinoton. 

*  Or  eUes  a  draught  of  moyste  and  corny  ale.' 

Ghauceb,  G.  315  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeai 

*  Corny,  strong  of  the  com  or  mali' — Olossarial  Index,  p.  221.— 
Ibid. 

COBJfEL  [kauT'nell  ab,,  obsols.  1  a  comer. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulver- 
BATCH.  *  Poor  owd  mon,  'e*s  so  bad  ddth  the  rheumatic,  'e  inna-d- 
able  fur  a  day's  work ;  'e's  more  fit  fur  the  chimley  oomW.'  Bailey 
calls  this  an  '  old  word,'  ed.  1782.    W.  comd,  a  comer;  an  angle. 

COEirEL-CTTBBEBT,  sb.,  obeolsA  a  comer  cupboard.— /5i(f. 

COBITISH  [kauVnish],  sb.  a  cornice. — Pulverbatgh.  '  As  theez^s 
two  windows,  I  think  it  66d  be  best  to  carry  the  comish  all  alung.' 

*  Gomioe  or  Cornish  is  the  top  and  over-seeling  moulding  on  the 
top  of  a  piece  of  Wainscot.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  III.,  cfai.  iiL 
p.  100. 

COBNUTE  [kaur'neu't],  v.  a,,  pec.  obs.  to  correct ;  to  chastise. — 
Pulvebbatch;  Worthed.  *'E's  gettin'  a  despert  srode  lad;  'ia 
faither  mun  comute  'im,  'e  tak's  no  'eed  o'  me^' 

COBVE  [kauVv],  sb.  a  large  round  basket,  bulging  in  the  middle, 
and  having  twisted  handles.  It  holda  a  bushel  or  more,  and  is  used 
for  general  purposes,  such  as  carrying  turnips  to  cattle,  chaff,  Ac.,  dec 
— GoBVB  Dale.    Gf.  Kype. 


OLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.      99 

COSTLY   [kos'tli'],  sb,,  ohsols.  a  game  at  cards  very  similar  to 
.    'cribbage.* — Shrewsbitrt;    Ellesmere.      Qy.   com.     This  game, 
according  to  Strutt,  is  mentioned  as  Costly  Cofours  in  the  CompleU 
Oameiter,  1674.    See  Bk.  II.,  FoUchre,  &c.,  *  Games.' 

C  33TBEL  [kos'tr'ill,  sb.  a  small  keg  or  barrel  for  carrying  drink  to 
the  field.— Bishop  8  Castle  ;  Clun.  *  The  men  bin  gwine  to  the  fild ; 
fill  the  two-quert  eostrel  for  'em.'  *  Hie  colateraltSy  a  costrille.' — 
Nominah,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  232. 

*  Costred  or  costrelle,  grete  botelle.  Onopherum.  .  .  .  Costerdlum 
or  eosteretum,  in  old  French  costeret^  signified  a  certain  measure  of 
wine  or  other  liquids ;  and  a  costrdl  seems  properly  to  haye  been  a 
small  wooden  barrel,  so  called  because  it  might  oe  carried  at  the  side, 
such  as  is  carried  by  a  labourer  as  his  provision  for  the  day,  still 
termed  a  coatn'l  in  the  Craven  dialects.' — Prompt,  Farv.  and  Notes, 

C£  BotUe  (1). 

COTE  [koat'j,  sb.  a  hovel,  frequently  made  of  gorse  or  ling — erected 
for  the  shelter  of  animals  out  at  grass.  Com.  *  Put  them  yerlius  i' 
the  cote  leasow,  an'  some  dry  litter  i'  the  foud ;  theer'll  be  a  snow  afore 


momm'.' 


'  1588.  One  Richard  Reynolds  of  Barley,  near  Cockshut  in  this 
county  [Salop],  was  on  the  19th  day  of  July,  being  the  second  da^r  of 
the  assize,  put  into  the  Pillory  at  Shrewsbury,  by  order  of  the  Privy 
Council,  and  had  both  his  ears  cut  off  by  I&chard  Stubbs,  then 
appointed  by  the  Bailiffs  to  be  executioner.  His  crime  was  setting 
fire  to  a  sheep-cote  of  one  Ghtmmer,  his  brother-in-law,  wherein  was  a 
great  numbBr  of  sheep,  and  aU  burned.'  —  PHTTiLip'a  History  of 
Shrewsbury,  p.  200. 

'  per  sat  is  ship  up-on  )>e  sond. 
But  grim  it  orou  up  to  \>e  lend ; 
And  )>ere  he  made  a  litel  cote. 
To  hun  and  to  hise  flote.' 

Havekk  the  Dane,  L  737. 

\Qod  hath  swich  fauour  sent  hir  of  his  grace, 
That  it  ne  semed  nat  by  lyklinesse 
That  she  was  bom  and  fed  in  rudenesse. 
As  in  a  cote  or  in  an  oxe-stalle. 
But  norished  in  an  emperoures  halle.' 

CHAT7CEB,  B.  398  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 

'  And  leam'd  of  lighter  timber,  cotes  to  frame. 
Such  as  might  save  my  sheepe  and  me  fro  shame.' 

The  ShephearcTs  Calender,  December,  st.  xiii,  ed.  1617. 

'  Sec,  Brother,  ,  .  .  Might  we  but  hear 

The  folded  flocks  penn'd  in  their  wattled  cotes,* 

Milton,  Comus, 

A.S.  cot;  O.Dutch,  hate;  *casa,'*  cote. — Strat. 

COTHEB  [kudhur'],  v,  n,  to  bustle ;  to  fuss.— Wbm.     *  Whad's  'er 
come  'ere  fur,  cotherin*  an'  messin'  about  ? ' 

COTTER  [kot'ui^],  (1)  v,  a,  to  mend  up  old  gaiments. — Clun; 

h2 


100  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

Ellesmebe.     *  I  maun  git  that  owd  gownd  an'  cotter  it  np ;  it*ll  do 
for  me  to  war  w*en  the  weather  gets  warmer,  wunna-d-it  P 

(2)  Bb,  same  as  Cottril,  below. — Wbm. 

COTTBIL  [kotT'il],  (1)  sh,  an  iron  pin  passing  through  a  shutter, 
and  fastened  on  the  inside  by  a  peg  fitting  into  a  hole  at  the  end. — 

PULVBBBATCH. 

* .  .  .  tow  paire  of  CotlerelU  or  Copsoles.' — Inventory  .  .  .  Owlbury 
Manor-house,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 
Cf.  Copsil  (1). 

(2)  V.  a.  to  fasten  by  means  of  a  cottrtl, — Ibid.  '  Han  yo'  made  the 
door  an'  cottrilled  the  shutter  ? ' 

COTTCH  [kuoch'],  (l)  eh.  a  bed  of  barley  when  germinating  for  malt 
Com. 

*  If  the  grain  be  of  a  dark  colour,  and  many  corns  haye  brown  ends, 
we  judge  them  to  haye  been  heated  in  the  mow,  and  they  seldom 
come  well  in  the  antch,* — Aubreys  WiUB,  M8.  Royal  Soc.,  p.  304, 
in  Hal. 

*  Couch  the  Barley  is  to  take  it  out  off  the  wet  and  lay  it  on  the 
Flooer  a  foot  thick,  for  as  large  a  compass  as  the  Weeting  will  contain.' 
— Academy  of  Armory^  Bk.  III.,  ch.  iii.  p.  105. 

(2)  sb,  a  bed  of  any  kind  of  grain. — Chubciz  Stbettok;  Cleb 
Hills.    Fr.  couche,  layer;  stratum. — Chahb. 

(3)  «5.,  ohaoU,  a  fourth  swarm  of  bees  from  one  hiye. — ^Nkwpobt. 
See  Bunt  (2). 

(4)  v.  71.  to  stoop  low  down ;  to  cower ;  to  crouch.  Com.  '  I  know 
that  lad's  after  the  eggs ;  'e  wuz  dSochin*  imder  the  'ay-stack  isterday.* 

'  &  |>at  witty  werwolf  *  went  ay  bi-side, 
&  kouchid  him  ynder  a  kragge  '  to  kepe  l^is  two  bens.' 

William  o/PaUme,  L  2240. 

*  Sec,  Lord,  He  can  come  no  other  way  but  by  this  hedge-comer. 


.   .    .  But  couch,  ho  !  here  he  comes.'— ^^Ta   Well  that  End$  Well, 
IV.  i.  24. 

O.Fr.  colche;  couche,  [Lat]  de  coUocare,  mettre,  placer,  poser. — ^Bctb. 

COTJLIHO-AZE  [kau'li'n  ak-'sh],  sb.,  chsoU,  a  farm-labourer's  imple- 
ment for  stocking  up  earth. — ^Ludlow. 

COTTBAHT  [kiir^an-t],  (1)  sh,  a  hasty  journey;  a  quick  walk.— 
PuLYEBBATGH.     '  A  pretty  couranl  I'ye  'ad  for  nuthin.' 

O.Fr.  corre,  courre;  courir,  se  mouyoir,  poursuiyre  de  eurrere. 
Corant,  pari  pr6s.  empL  subst.  courant. — ^BuB. 

Der.  '  oouranting.' 

(2)  tib,  an  assembly ;  a  social  gathering ;  a  merry-making. — ^Pulteb- 
BATGH.  *  They'n  'aa  a  pretty  couranl  at  the  christening— aboye  twenty 
folks,  beside  the  Gossips.' 

(3)  [ku'r'an't],  eb.  a  great  fuss  or  talk  about  anything.— Cleb  Hillb. 
'  A  perty  courant  'er's  made  about  it.' 

COTTBAVIIHO  [kiir'anii'n],  (1)  part.  adj.  going  about  from  pbuse 


GLOSSART  OK  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  101 

to  place  gossipping  and  carrying  news. — ^Pulverbatch.     ''Er  met 
fine  summat  else  to  do  than  gwe'ln  courantin*  round  the  parish.  * 

(2)  [ku'ran-ti'n].    See  Bk.  II.,  Folldore,  &a,  *  Customs  connected 
with  Days  and  Seasons '  (5.  Thomas's  Day). 

OOU&TEJD  CASD8  [koa-ur'ti'd  kaa-Vdz],  sh,  pi.,  obaoh.  the  court 
cards  of  a  pack  taken  collectively:  a  'court  card,'  but  so  many 
*  courted  caids.'— Shbewbbubt  ;  Pulyebbatch.    Of.  Faced  Cards. 

OOVEBSLUT  [kuv'ur'slut],  sh.  a  clean  apron  over  a  dirty  dress. 
Com. 

COW-CAP  [kou'kap],  ah.  a  metal  knob  put  on  the  tip  of  a  cow's 
horn. — Clux;  Ellesmere. 

COW-CHAIHS,  8b,  pL  chains  for  tying  cattle  by  the  neck  when  in 
the  stall. — Cbatek  Abms.  Qy.  com.  *  Three  dozen  cow-chains  in 
lota,'— Auctioneer's  Catalogue  (Longville),  1877.  See  Cow-ties.  C£ 
Sole. 

COWCOOMEB,  COWCTJMBES  [koa'k55mur^],  Shrewsbury  ;  Pul- 
TERBATCH.     [kou'kumbur^],  Com. ;  sb,,  var.  pr,  a  cucumber. 

COWD  [koud*],  adj.  cold.     Com. 

COWESSLOP,  COWSLOP  [kouhVslop],  Shrewbburt;  PulveRt 
BATCH,  [kou'slop],  WoRTHEN,  sb,,  var,  pr.  Primula  veris,  common 
Cowslip.  *  Frimeveyre '  glossed  '  cousloppe,'  occurs  in  The  Treatise  of 
Walter  de  BibUsuforth,  ziu.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i.  p.  162. 

COW -FOOT  [ki'oufut,  corr,  ki'uuwfut],  eb.  SenScio  Jaeobdka, 
oommon  Bag-wort. — ^Whitchttrch,  Tilstock. 

COW-LEECH,  same  as  Beast-leeoh,  q.  v. — ^Wem. 

COWP  [kou'p],  8b.  a  pen  or  coop  for  rabbits. — Craven  Arms.  Cf. 
Cab  (4),  also  O.Dutch,  kuipe,  in  Strat. 

COWPEB  [kou'pur*],  8b.,  obsols.  a  cooper. — Pulverbatch  ;  Clun  ; 
WsM.     '  Missis,  the  cowper's  comen  to  'oop  the  tub/ 

'Item,  to  indyte  a  cotvper  at  Qeyton  wheche  slow  a  tenaunt  of 
Danyell  at  Qeyton.' — Fasten  Letters,  a.d.  1451,  vol.  i.  p.  190. 

*  Hie  euperius,  a  cowper.' — Nominale,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr.  Tocabs.,  voL 
L  p.  212. 

Couper,  O.Dutch,  kuiper,  cooper. — Strat. 

COW-CHJAXESS  [kou'  kwaikur*z],  sb.  Briza  media,  common 
QuakinR-gras8.~£LLE8llERE. 

'  Phawris  pratensis  is  called  also  Oramen  tremulum ;  in  Cheshire, 
about  Nantwich,  Quakers  and  Shakers ;  in  some  places  Cow-quakes.' 
— QerabdE's  Herball,  Bk.  I.  p.  87.     C£  Quakers. 

COWS-AE'-CAUTES,  ab.  the  flower-spikes  of  Arum  maculatum, 
Cuckow-pint. — Shrewsbitrt  ;  Pulverbatch  ;  Worthen.  Cf.  Ladies 
and  (Gentlemen. 

COW-SHASE  [kou  shaa'r'n],  sb.  cow-dung. — Shrewsburt  ;  Pulver- 
batch. '  The  best  thing  as  ever  I  met  65th  fur  bad  legs  is  a  cow- 
sham  pfiltia.'    '  Aye ;  'ow  dun  'ee  mak'  it?'    < Tak  a  'antle  o'  wutmil 


102  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

an'  as  much  eour-«Aam  as  'U  mix  well  together,  an*  pttt  it  on  the  leg , 
it'll  Kwage  the  swellin'  an*  mak'  it  as  com  as  a  oowo5dmer.' 

'  They  say  that  ball's  sheme  is  an  excellent  complexion,  forsooth, 
to  sot  a  fresh  rosat  or  vermilion  colour  on  in  the  ImJI  of  the  cheeke. 
— HoLLAin>*8  Pliny,  voL  ii.  p.  327. 

*  Shorn  is  the  Dung  of  Oxen  and  Cows.*-^Academy  of  Armory,  Bk« 
n.,  ch.  ix.  p.  173. 

A.S.  •cearn;  O.Ioel.  tkam;  L.Genn.  scham,  dung. — Stbat. 

COWSLOP.     See  Cowertlop. 

COWT  [kout-],  sb.  a  colt  Com.  '  Piit  the  cowt  i'  the  chains  an' 
let  *im  g66  a  bout  or  two,  an'  yo'n  see  'ow  'e  ossea' 

'  Tet  aft  a  raeged  eowt^s  been  known 
To  mak  a  noble  aiver.' 

BoBERT  BUENS,  Poems,  p.  37,  1.  37. 

COWTHEB  [kou-dhur'],  r.  a.  to  chase ;  to  drive. — Church  Stbbtton. 
'  Hie  after  'em,  Bover  I  eowther  'em  out,  theer's  a  good  dog.'  Cf . 
Bcowther. 

COW-TIES,  same  as  Cow-chaini. — Cleb  Hills;  Ludlow.  Qj. 
com.     *25  chain  eow-Uea.* — Aiictioneer't  Catalogue  (Stoddesden),  1870. 

CBABBIT  [kr'abi'tl  adj.,  var.  pr.  peevish ;  sour-tempered.  Cora. 
*  Our  Maister's  mighty  crabbii  to-day,  'e's  bin  on  sence  daylight.'  Cf. 
Orousty. 

'  Or  lee-lang  nights,  wi'  erahhit  leuks, 
Fore  ower  the  aevil's  pictur'd  beuks.* 

BoBBRT  Burns,  Poems,  p.  6, 1.  3. 

CKAB-7ABJI8  [krab  vaaT'ji's],  sb.  the  juice  of  crab-apples  :  said  to 
be  good  for  sprains.  Com.  *  Ow*s  Tummas  ? '  *  Well,  'e's  laid  by 
66th  a  kench  m  'is  ancler.'  <  Whad'n'ee  piit  on  it  ? '  *  I  pilt  a  pultis 
made  66th  crab-varjis — ^theer's  nuthin  oetter  to  swage  away  the 
swellin'.' 

CEACKinJTS  [kr'ak-nutsl,  sb.  pi  nut-crackers.  Com.  *  Han  'ee 
sid  Jack's  new  cracknuU  r  '  Whad,  'is  tith  ? '  *  No  ;  'e's  made  a  par 
o'  cracknuU  66th  a  'azel  twig.' 

'  Then  for  that  pretty  trifle,  that  sweet  fool, 
Just  wean'd  from's  bread  and  butter  and  the  school ; 
CracknuU  and  hobbihorse,  and  the  quaint  jackdaw. 
To  wear  a  thing  with  a  plush  scabberd-law.' 

Fletcher's  Poems,  p.  244,  in  Wr. 

CEAFT  [kr'aft],  sb.,  var.  pr.  same  as  Croffc  (1),  q.  v. — Shrewsbury  ; 

*  For  me,  thank  God,  my  life's  a  lease, 

Nae  bar^iin  wearing  faster. 
Or,  faith !  I  fear  that  with  the  geese 
I  shortly  boost  to  pasture 

r  the  craft  some  day.' 

BoBERT  Burns,  Poems,  p.  36,  L  36. 

CBAITCHT  [kr'aich-i'],  (1)  adj.  dilapidated  ;  tumble-down.  Com, 
<  If  s  a  bit  o'  good  groun' ;  but  a  terrable  craitchy  owd  'ouse.' 


OLOSSABT  OF  ABCHAIO  AND  PBOYiyCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   103 

(2)  adj.  infinn  of  health ;  poorly ;  ailing.  Com.  *  Turn's  wife's  a 
poor  craitchy  pieoe-H&l'ays  complaimn'.' 

CRAKE  [kr'aik'],  (1)  v.  n.,  var.pr.  to  creak.     Com. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  divulge ;  to  confess. — ^Wellikoton. 

r3)  V.  n.  to  murmur ;  to  grumble. — Shbewsbu&y.  *  Now,  Polly, 
yo  n  a  to  g5d,  so  it's  no  use  to  crake.^ 

'  And  Craktn  a^ejm  >e  Glergie  *  Crabbede  wordes.' 

Pier9  PLf  Text  A.,  pass^  xi.  1.  65. 

(4)  V.  n.  to  ail ;  to  complain  of  illness. — Shbewsbuby  ;  Pulyer- 
BATCH.  *  I've  got  a  despert  sick  'ouse — three  childern  down  o'  the 
maisles,  an'  another  beginnin'  to  crake,*  This  seems  to  be  a  yariety  of 
eroakj  in  the  same  sense. 

CRAHE  [kr'ai'm],  sb,  cream.  Com.  Quactumf  with  the  gloss. 
crayme,  occurs  in  a  Metrical  Vocabulary ^  (perhaps)  xiy.  cent.,  in  Wr. 
vocabs.,  Yol.  i.  p.  178.    See  Piere  PI,  under  Crude. 

CBAVE,  CSAWV  fkr'ain'],  Oswestry,  [kf au-n],  Bridgnorth,  sb. 
Ardea  cinerea,  the  Heron.    Cf.  Yam. 

0SAHVABESBIE8  [kr'an-u'bae''r'i'z],  sb.  pi.,  var.  pr.  the  fruit  of 
Vacdnium  Oxycdccoe,  Cranberries.     Com. 

C&AP,  CBOP  [kr'ap-],  Pulvkrbatch  ;  Wbm.  [kr'op*],  Shrewsbury  ; 
Craybn  Arms,  $b.  the  settlings  of  ale  or  beer  at  the  bottom  of  a 
barrel,  sometimes  used  instead  of  barm.  '  Han'ee  ever  a  spot  o*  barm 
as  yo'  can  gie  me,  Missis?'  'No;  but  yo'  can  'a  some  crap.' 
O.Dutch,  krappe,  crap ;  refuse. — Strat. 

C&AP,  «6.  a  crop,  as  of  grain. — Ellesmere. 

'  Twas  when  the  stacks  get  on  their  winter  hap. 
And  thack  and  rape  secure  the  toil-won  crap,* 

Robert  Burns,  Poeme,  p.  24,  L  26. 

CBAPPIHS,  sb.  places  where  the  coal  '  crops  out '  on  the  surface 
soil — Colliery  ;  M.  T. 

CEATCH  [ki^ach*],  (1)  sb.  a  hay-rack.    Com. 

' )«  stumest  stede  *  in  hire  stabul  tei^ed, 

durst  no  man  him  nei^he, 

ne  be  so  bold  of  his  bodi  *  on  his  bak  to  come, 
but  euer  stod  teied  in  ^e  stabul '  wi))  stef  im  cheynes ; 
'&  queyntUche  to  his  cracche  *  was  corue  swiche  a  weie, 
^at  men  nmt  ligge  him  mete  *  &  wateren  atte  wille.' 

William  of  Paleme,  1.  3233. 

'  OnUches  and  mangers.' — Judianeef'e  Catalogue  (Six)dd68den),  1870. 
•  Two  sheep-erotcftes.' — Idem  (Longville),  1877. 

*  In  stabulo  sit  presepe,'  with  the  gloss.  creecJie,  oyer  preeepe,  occurs 
in  The  Treatise  of  Alexander  Neekham,  xii.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocaos.,  yoL  i. 
p.  106. 

In  the  WicUiffite  yersion,  the  manger  in  which  our  Sayiour  was 


104  SHROPSHIRE  WORD*BOOK. 

laid  is  called  a  cratehe  (Luke  ii  7).  '  Cratche  for  horse  or  oxen,  crSche.* 
-— Palsq.     *  Creiche,  a  cratch,  rack,  oxe-stall,  or  crib.' — Goto.    Wat, 
in  Prompt,  Parv.,  p.  103. 
Cf.  Crib  (1). 

(2)  »b,  the  rack-like  tail-board  of  a  cart  or  was^n.  Com.  '  John, 
turn  down  the  crcUch  o'  the  cart,  an'  fatch  that  bit  o'  trouse  down  out 
o*  the  Wite  leasow ;  an'  tine  that  glat  w'eer  the  ship  gotten  i'  the 
meadow.' 

(3)  »b,  a  rack  suspended  from  the  ceiling  of  a  cottage  or  farm-house 
kitchen,  where  the  '  flitchens '  are  kept  or  fire-arms  placed.  Com. 
'  Yo'  shoulden  al'ays  p&t  the  gun  on  th^  cratch  w'en  it's  loaded — s'pose 
the  childem  wun  to  get  out  on  it ;  if  s  best  to  pfit  it  out  o'  thar  raich.' 

(4)  V.  a,  to  eat  heartily.  Com.  *  Well,  Tummas,  'ow  bin'ee  gettin' 
on  ? '     '  I'm  despert  wek,  Maister,  but  I'm  beginnin'  to  cratch  a  bit.' 

CRATCHER,  ttb.  a  hearty  eater.  Com.  '  'Ow  does  yore  new  mon 
OSS,  YedurtP'  'Well,  'e's  a  right  good  cratcher;  I  dunna  know 
much  else  about  'im  yet' 

CBATEB  [kr^ai'tur^],  «&.,  var.  pr.  a  creature.     Com. 

CBAW  [kr'au*],  ah.  the  first  stomach  of  a  bird  into  which  the  food 
enters.  —  Shbewsbxtby  ;  Pulvebbatch  ;  Newport  ;  Ellesmerb. 
'Crawe  or  crowpe  of  a  b3rrde  or  oJ»er  fowlys.  Qahus^  vesicula.* — 
Prompt,  Parv,    Cf.  Crop  (3). 

CKAWN.    See  Crane. 

0BAW8  OF  ntOV-STOHE,  sb.  pi,  lumps  of  iron-^tone.— Colliery  ; 
M.  T.  '  Clod  mixed  with  large  craws  of  tron-stone  and  codlocks  found 
24th  May,  1867,  on  the  west  side  of  Lightmoor  Fault,  between  Ihe 
Tow  coal  and  the  G-ur  coal.'    See  Codlo<^. 

CRAW-STOHE,  sh,  the  lowest  vein  of  iron-stone  in  the  Shropshire 
coal-field. — ^CoLLiERT ;  M.  T.  Craw^stone  was  described  by  a  miner 
as  *  a  hard,  uncouth  stone,  much  disHked  by  furnace  men.' 

*  In  the  **  CrawsUme  iron-stone  "  has  been  found  the  fossil  Unto  or 
Anthra>coaia,* — Notes  on  the  Shropshire  Coai-Fieldj  by  T.  Paetok, 
F.  G.  S. ,  1868.    See  Coal-field. 

CBEEPING  SAILOR,  (1)  sh,  Saxifraga  sannentosa.  Com.  Cf. 
Pedlar's  Basket. 

(2)  sb.  Sedum  acre.  Wall-pepper. — Shrewsbury,  Ujffington, 

CBEW  [kr^oo'],  sb.  a  pen  for  ducks  and  geese. — Pulvebbatch; 
^  Wem.  *  Dunna  loose  them  ducks  out  o'  the  crew  afore  they'n  laid, 
.    else  they'n  dab  thar  eggs  somew'eer  as  we  sha'n  never  find  'em.' 

Bailey  has  *  Swine-crue,  a  swine-sty  or  hog-sty.  An  old  word.' 
ed.  1782. 

CBIB  [kr'ib'],  {\)  sb.  a  receptacle  for  fodder  u^ed  in  fields  and  in 
farm-yards  for  animals  lying  out  during  the  winter  months.  Com. 
'  I've  put  clane  litter  on  the  mwd,  an'  fiUra  all  the  crxbs* 

<  Six  cattle  fodder  cribs,  in  lots.' — Auctiott-eer^s  Catalogue  (Longville), 
1877. 

*  Let  a  beast  be  lord  of  beasts,  and  his  crib  shall  stand  at  the  king's 
meeaJ —Hamlet,  Y.  ii  88. 


OLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   105 

Cf.  Is.  i  3.  *  Crybhe,  or  cracche,  or  manger,  Presepium,* — Prompt 
Parv, 

A.S.  crihh;  O.Dutch,  kribhe;  O.H.  Gterm.  crippa,  crib.— Strat. 
Cf.  Cratch  (1). 

(2)  «&.  a  lock-up;  a  bridewell.— Wellington. 

CSICKER  [kr'ik'ur'],  {l)sb.  an  itinerant  dealer  in  coarse,  common 
earthenware.— CoBYE  Dale.    Cf.  Crick-man. 

(2)  ah,  a  sorry  old  horse,  such  as  itinerant  vendors  of  earthenware 
often  employ  to  convey  their  merchandise. — Pulverbatch.  *  Wy 
owd  Jarvis  d5dna  own  sich  a  brute  as  that  for  a  ericker,*    Cf.  Xeffel. 

CRICKET  [kr'iki't],  sh  a  low  wooden  stooL  Com.  The  cricket 
is  rectangular  in  form,  but  longer  than  wide ;  it  is  closed  in  at  the 
ends  and  sides,  and  so  stands  as  upon  a  frame,  instead  of  legs.  A 
curvilinear  aperture  at  the  top  admits  the  hand  for  carrying  it.  PI.  D. 
krukstool,  a  three-legged  stool. — ^Wedg. 

CRICK-HOBSE,  same  as  Crioker  (2). 

CBICK-MAH,  CBICK-WOMAV  [kr'ik-mu'n,  kr'ik-65mu*n],  same  as 
Crioker. — Shbewsbuby.    C£  Tickney-man,  &c. 

CBICKHET-WAEE,  eb.  coarse,  common  earthenware. — Corve  Dale. 
Cf.  Tickney-ware. 

CRICKS,  idem, — Shrewsbury  ;  Clun.     Cf.  Crocks. 

CRIDBOW  [kr'id'oe],  sb,,  obs.'i  a  person  shrunk  or  bowed  down 
from  age,  poverty,  or  sickness. — Pulvebbatch.  'Molly's  gwim  a 
poor  ertddow  sence  Tummas  died, — *e  wuz  a  mighty  tidy  mon.' 

CRIDBOWED,  adj,,  obs.'i  shrunk;  bowed  dowa,—Ibid,  'Poor 
owd  Ben  is  criddowed  sence  I  sid  'im.  I  can  remember  'im  a  fine 
camperin'  young  chap,  an'  the  best  daincer  i*  the  parish.' 

CRIFTER  [kr'iftur*],  sb.  a  small  croft,  q.  v.— Worthek. 

CRIH*LY  [kr'im'lin,  adj,  crumbling. — Shrewsbury  ;  Wbm.  '  That 
thoer  cheese  is  all  crim'ly ;  it'll  never  'oud  together  ti'n  yo'  getten 
wham.'    Cf.  Crudly. 

CRIH  [kr'in],  sb.  a  small  ravine  in  a  hill. — Wem.  '  I  toud  *im  if  'e 
went  alung  one  o'  them  crins  as  'e'd  be  sure  to  come  to  it.*  There  is 
a  spot  between  Lee  Brockhurst  and  Hawkstone — a  little  ravine  in  the 
hills  close  to  *  Hollow-way-mouth ' — the  site  of  a  cottage  called  the 
Crin — *  Morrises  o'  the  CWn.'  Fr.  cren,  a  notch. — CoTOBAVE.  Lat. 
erena, 

CRUIJL  [kr'ing'kl,  sb.  a  very  small,  sweet  summer  apple. — Shrews- 
buby;  Clee  Hills.  Hence  a  term  of  endearment  to  children. 
Mothers  say,  *  Come  'ere  my  little  crink  or  crinkie.* 

CRnrXS,  sb.  pi,  small  apples  left  on  the  tree  after  the  general 
gathering.  —  Shbewsbuby  ;  Pulverbatch  ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmere. 
Alwavs  in  the  plural,  exC3pt  that  children  sometimes  say  they've 
'  fund  a  CTxnk^  or  a  crink-appW 


106  8HR0PSHIRK  WORD-BOOK. 

CBIF  [ki'ip'],  V,  a.  to  cut  the  ends  of  the  hart. — ^Pultibbatoh. 

CBIT  [kr'it],  'eb.  a  cabin  or  hut  on  the  < bank.'— Coluebt ;  M.  T. 

CKITOH  [ki^ich*],  same  as  Gasp,  q.  v. — Church  Stbbttok. 

CROCK  [kr'ok*],  sb,  a  coarse  earthenware  vessel  wider  at  the  top 
than  the  bottom,  haying  a  loop-handle  at  the  side.    Com. 

'  And  lemed  men  a  ladel  bugge  '  with  a  long  stele, 
^t  oast  for  to  kepe  a  crokke  *  to  saue  pe  fatte  abouen.' 

Pieri  PL,  Text  B.,  pasa  zix.  1.  275. 

A.S.  eroe;  erocca,  a  crock;  pot;  pitcher.    Cf.  Stean. 

CSOCK-BUTTES,  8b,  butter  salted  and  put  down  in  a  crock  for 
winter  use.    Com. 

CB0CK-VEE8T-E0O,  sb.  an  imitation  egg  of  earthenware.— New- 
port. 

CBOCKS,  sb,  pi.  coarse,  common  earthenware.  Com.  At  Newport 
the  finer  kinds  of  earthenware  come  under  this  designation.  A  set  of 
chamber-ware  would  be  called  '  a  set  of  crocks  J 

*  [>ar  ys  also  whyt  cley  &  reed  for  to  make  of  crokkes  &  steenes  ft 
o>er  yessel.'— JoHif  of  Trevisa  (a.d.  1387),  Description  of  Britain^ 
Specitn,  Early  Eng.,  xyiii.  1.  46.    C£  Cricks. 

CBOCK-SHOP,  sb.  a  china  shop. — Newport. 

CBOFT  [kr'oft-],  (1)  sb.  a  small  grass  field.     Com. 

*  |»enne  schul  ^e  come  bi  a  Cro/t  *  but  cum  ^  not  ^er-Inne ; 
)ie  Cro/t  hette  coueyte-not' 

Piers  PL,  Text  A.,  pass,  vi  L  62. 

A.S.  ero/t,  idem.    See  Craft. 

(2)  «6.  a  water-bottle  for  the  table. — Shrewsbury  :  Ellesmere. 

<Water-cro/t  and  tumbler.* — Auctioneer'* s  CaicUogue  (Shrewsbury), 
1876. 

Cro/t  is  probably  a  corrupted  form  of  Fr.  eara/e,  the  same  thing. 
Bee  Shreds  and  Patches,  3rd  May,  1876. 

CBOODLE  [kr^oo'dl],  v.  a.  to  crouch ;  to  shrug ;  to  draw  together,  as 
from  cold.  Com.  '  Them  cauves  wanten  thar  suppin — ifs  a  djum 
momin* ;  see  'ow  they  bin  croodlin'  thar  four  fit  together,  poor  things.' 

(2)  V.  a.  to  cuddle ;  to  cherish. — Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  *  Theer 
dunna  winnock,  darlin' ;  come  to  mother  an'  'er'll  croodU  jo*  a  bit.' 

CHOP  [kr^op'l,  (1)  V,  n.  to  yield  a  crop  or  a  harvest. — ^Pultbrbatoh. 
Qy.  com.    'Them  tatoes  croppen  welL' 

(2)  See  Crap  (1). 

(3)  Same  as  Craw,  q.  t. — ^Pulyxrbatoh  ;  Ludlow.  A.S.  crop, 
idem. 

CBOPE  [kr'oa'p],  pret,  crept. — Pulvbbbatoh  ;  Corvb  Dale  ;  Clbe 
Hnxs. 

*  Ac  )h>w  ^i-self  sothely  *  shamedest  hym  ofte, 
Crops  in-to  a  kaban  *  for  oolde  of  ]fi  nailles.' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  iiL  L  190. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   107 

CEOPnr  [kr'oa'prn],  part,  adj,  rumbling  in  the  bowels. — Corvb 
Dale  ;  Wem.  '  Jack,  what  were  yoa  cracking  nuts  for  in  church  on 
Sunday  P '  <  Please,  ma'am,  theer  wuz  a  lady  as  sat  afore  me  as  wua 
croptV  so, — I  cracked  the  nuts  as  *er  shouldna  be  'eard.' 

GBOSS-CLOTH  [kr'os'kloth],  sK,  obs.  a  square  of  linen  folded  croRS- 
wise,  and  laid  on  a  child's  head  to  protect  the  '  opening.' — ^Worthen. 
The  cross'dothf  together  with  the  *  skull-cap '  and  *  plucker-down,' 
formed  the  head-gear  of  an  infant  a  century  ago— 1770 — or  thereabout. 
The  akull^cap  was  a  tight-fittinff  cap  of  linen  which  went  oyer  the 
croBB-dcih;  to  this  was  attached  the  plucker-down  —  an  invention 
designed  to  keep  the  child  from  throwing  its  head  back.  It  consisted 
of  two  linen  bands,  which,  beine  secured  to  the  cap  at  one  end,  were 
at  the  other  fastened  to  the  fidioulders  of  the  child's  dress,  thus  keeping 
the  head  in  position.    Cf.  Brow-square. 

CB08S  DAT,  th«  Festival  of  the  Hol^  Innocents. — Pulvbrbatgh. 
See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore^  &c.,  'Superstitions  concerning  Days  and 
Seasons.' 

CB08S-WAX7HD  ^r'os  wau-nd],  (1)  part,  adj.  cross-examined:— 
PuLVERBATCH ;  WEM.  *  'E  thought  to  get  the  saicrit  out ;  'e  ques- 
tioned an'  erosB'Waund  me  all  manner  o'  ways,  but  'e  missed  it.' 

(2)  €tdj.  ill-tempered. — Ibid.  '  To'n  never  stop  yore  'ear  out  65th 
'er ;  'er's  sich  a  croM-waund  piece.' 

CBOTJP  [kr'ou'p],  v.  n.  to  caw. — Pulverbatoh.  '  I  shouldna  *eed 
'im  or  whad  'e  said  no  more  than  a  crow  crouptn'.' 

<  Crocio,  to  erowp  like  a  rauine.' — Duncak's  Appendix  EtymologuB, 
A.D.  1595,  B.  ziii.  R  D.  S. 

CBOVSTT  [kr'ou-sti'],  adj.  cross ;  peevish ;  irritable.  Com.  '  Yo' 
canna  look  at  the  Maister  this  momin',  'e's  that  cnmsty^ 

CBOXJT  [kr'ou't],  v.  n.  to  beg  with  importunity;  to  crave. — Shrews- 
BT7RT;  Pulverbatoh;  Wem:  Ellesmere.  'That  56man's  never 
satisfied,  whadever  'er  'as ;  'er  keeps  croutin*  all  the  wilde.' 

CBOW-FIO  [kr'oa*  fig],  sb.  Sinjehnos  Nix-vomiea,  the  Vomit-nut  of 
Bengal. — ^Newport  ;  Whitchurch.  *  Somebody's  gied  the  poor  dog 
some  erow'/ig,  an'  pisoned  'im.' 

CBOWHEB  [ir'ou-nui^],  sb.  a  coroner.     Com. 

*  Sir  Myles  Stapylton,  knyght,  with  other  yU  dysposed  persones, 
defame  and  falsly  noyse  me  in  morderyng  of  Thomas  Denys,  the 
Crowner.* — Pcuton  Lettera/ A.J}.  1461,  voLii.  p.  27. 

*  Firtt  Clown.  Is  she  to  be  buried  in  Christian  burial,  that  wilfully 
seeks  her  own  salvation  ? 

'  Sec.  Cloum,  I  tell  thee  she  is ;  and  therefore  make  her  grave 
straight :  the  crovmer  hath  sat  on  her,  and  finds  it  Christian  burial.' 
—Hamlet,  V.  i.  4. 

C&0WHES*8  QUEST,  sb.  a  coroner's  inquest.     Com. 

*  Sec.  Clown.  But  is  this  law  ? 

*  First  Chum.  Ay,  marry,  is't;  crowner's  quest  law.'— JSTomW,  V. 
i.  23. 

CBTJDBIiED  [kr'ud-ld],  part.  acy.  curdled.    Com. 


108  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

<  CrtuUe  (Job  x.  10),  to  curdle,  the  form  in  wliich  the  word  appears 
in  modem  editions  of  the  Bible.' — Bible  Word-Book^  p.  137. 

CSUDLT  [kr'ud-li'],  adj.  crumbling :  said  of  cheese. — Pulverbatch  ; 
Wem.  Qy.  com.  *  How  came  this  cheese  to  be  broken  so  P '  *  Please, 
ma'am,  it  wuz  crudly,  an'  it  tumbled  all  to  pieces.'    Cf.  Grimly. 

CBTJD8  [kr'ud'z],  sb,  pi.  curds  produced  by  scalding  the  whey  after 
cheese-making,  and  adding  to  it  a  small  quantity  of  butter-milk. 
Com. 

' .  •  .  .  bote  twey  grene  cheeses. 
And  a  fewe  Cruddes  and  Craym  '  and  a  |»erf  Cake.' 

Fieri  PL,  Text  A.,  pass.  yiL  1.  269. 

Curde  (crudde),  Coagvlum.   '  Cruddes  of  mylke,  matteB,* — ^Palso. — 
Prompt.  Parv,  and  Notes. 
Cf.  Fleetings.    See  Jowtert  (2). 

CBJTK  [kr'ak*],  v.  n.,  obs^  to  sprout. — Pulvbrbatch.  ^£ad  'arroost 
weather,  John ;  the  corn's  cruArtV  sadly.' 

CBXTKS  0'  HAUT,  sb.^  obe.^  malt-dust— /5i^.    See  Coming-floor. 

CBITPTTIBED  [kr'up-tyur^d],  part,  adj.,  var.  pr.  ruptured. — Church 
Strbtton. 

CBTDTO  TEE  MASE.  See  Bk.  II.,  FoUdare,  &c.,  'Customs' 
(fiarveit). 

CUB  [kub'l  (1)  sb.  a  chest  used  in  stables  to  hold  com  for  the  horses. 
— Clee  Hills.    Cf.  Gofer. 

(2)  $b.  a  boarded  partition  in  a  granary  to  store  com. — Clun  ;  Cleb 
Hills.    C£  Bing  (1). 

(3)  $h.  a  boarded  partition  in  a  malt-house  where  the  sacks  of  barley 
are  kept. — Clun. 

(4)  «(.  a  pen  for  poultry  or  rabbits.  It  is  a  low  wooden  '  lean-to,' 
divided  into  compartments  about  two  feet  wide,  each  having  a  door 
and  fastening^. — Shrewsbxtry  ;  Pulverbatch  ;  Clun.  '  Han'ee  p&t 
the  chickens  i'  the  cuby  an'  made  the  doors  ? ' 

'  A  hen-house ;  a  place  where  poultrie  is  kept ;  a  cub.* — NomencL 
in  Wr. 

Nares  has  '  To  cub,  to  confine  in  a  narrow  space.'  He  takes  it  to 
be  *  a  familiar  corruption  of  to'  coop.' 

*  To  be  cubbed  upon  a  sudden,  how  shall  he  be  perplexed.' 

Burt.  Anat.  Mel,  p.  153. 

CTOBEET  [kub'ur't],  *6.,  var.  pr.  a  cupboard.     Com. 

*  In  the  greate  Parlor,  two  CubberU,  one  Duble  virginall  upon  a 
CuhertJ — Inventory  ....  Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle, 
1625. 

CVCKOO'S  BEADS  [kuok-ooz  beedz],  sb.  pi  Hawthom  berries. — 
Ellesmere.  *  We'n  mak'  a  necklis  o'  cuckoo's  beads  if  yo'n  come 
alung  wuth  me  to  them  'awthuns.'    Cf.  Haws. 

CTTCKGO'S  BBEAD  AlTD  CHEESE,  sb.  Oxalis  acetoseUa,  common 
Wood  Sorrel.— Pttlyerbatoh;  Clun;  Wek.    See  Cuckoo's  Meat. 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  109 

CVCKOO'S  CAPS,  sh.  Aeonitum  napdluSf  Wolfs  bane. — ^Wem; 
Ellesjcers.    Of.  Monk*8  Cowl. 

CXTCKGO'S  FOOT  ALE,  sb.,  ohs,  ale  drunk  by  the  colliers  on  first 
heating  the  cuckoo's  note.    See  Bk.  XL,  VoUclore,  &c.,  *  Customs.' 

CUCKOO'S  MATE,  sh.  Tunx  tarquUla,  the  Wryneck. — Bridonorth. 
This  bird  appears  about  the  same  time  as  the  cuckoo,  hence  its  name 
of  Cuckooes  Mate. 

CUCKOO'S  MEAT,  sh,  Oxalis  aeeiosdla, — Shrewsbury. 

'  Wood  Sorrell,  or  Cuckow  Sorrell,  is  called  in  Latine  Trifdlium 
'  aedaaum;  the  Apothecaries  and  Herbalists  call  it  AlMuva  and  PanU 
Cuculi^  or  Cuckowes  meaUy  because  either  the  Ouckow  feedeth  thereon, 
or  by  reason  when  it  springeth  forth  and  floureth  the  Cuckow  singeth 
most,  at  which  time  also  AlUluya  was  wont  to  be  sung  in  Chunmee.' 
— Gerarde's  HerbaU,  Bk.  ii.  p.  1202. 
Cf.  Alleluia. 

CUCKOO'S  SHOE,  sb.  Viola  eanina,  Dog-violet.— Worthbn. 

CUCKOO'S  SOUR,  ^.  Oxalis  ore/oseZZa.— Fulyerbatch. 

'  Trifolium^  geaoes-sure,  vel  ^ri-lefe,  occurs  in  Archhp.  JSlfric*9 
Vocabulary,  z.  cent. ;  and  Mr.  Wright  says  in  a  footnote,  '  Oeaces-sure 
or  gceces^Bure,  literally  cuckoo* s-iour,  was  the  plant  we  now  know  by 
the  name  of  wood  sorrel,  which  is  still  called  in  some  parts  of  the 
country  cuckoo  sorrel,* — See  Voeahs,,  yol.  i.  p.  30. 

CUCKOO'S  SPIT,  sb.  the  frothy  substance  found  upon  hawthorn 
twigs,  &c„  which  contains  the  small  green  larva  of  Cicado  spumaria. 
It  is  popularly  believed  to  be  the  expectoration  of  the  cuckoo.    Com. 

CUCKOO'S  STOCKIHOS,  sb.  Lotus  comiculatus,  common  Bird's-foot- 
trefoil. — Craven  Arms,  Siokeaay. 

CULLOW  [kuol'oel  adj.^  obs,1  pale ;  wan ;  dejected. — Pulverbatch. 
*  Poor  Betty,  the  dairy-maid,  looks  des|)ert  cuUow  sence  'er's  married, 
dunna-d-'er  P '     '  Aye,  aye,  'er  dunna  lick  the  crame-mundle  now.' 

CULLIHOS  [kul'inz],  sb.  pL.  the  residue,  as  of  a  flock  of  fatted 
sheep,  of  which  tne  best  have  been  picked  out. — Cleb  TTtt.ta 
'Maister,  them's  cullin^s,  they  ddnna  do  for  me.' 

'  Those  that  are  big'st  of  bone  I  still  reserve  for  breed ; 
My  callings  1  put  off,  or  for  the  chapman  feed.' 

Drayt.,  Nymph.,  vL  p.  1496,  in  Wr. 

'  CuUynge^  or  owte  sohesynge.  Stperacio,  Segregado.* — Prompt. 
Parv. 

CUMMUDOEOH  [ku'muj'i'n],  arlj.,  var.pr.  niggardly;  parsimonious ; 
closa — Pulverbatch.  '  Whad  sort  o'  folk  bin  them  comen  to  the 
New  Farm  ?  *  '  Well,  they  bin  aueer  cummudgton  sort  o'  folk ;  they 
bin  gwetn  to  get  'arroost  in  5dth  Dutter-milk,  so  yo'  met'n  know  w'eer 
they  comen  from.' 

CXTKOIT  [ku^j'it],  «&.,  obs.  a  road  in  a  mine  driven  out  of  the  main 
road  for  the  convenience  of  drawing  the  coals. — Colliery;  M.  T. 
Now  called  a  '  drawing^road.'    See  ^pout-road. 


110  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

OuJXJViJlO-MAV,  sh.  a  diviner ;  a  magician ;  a  channer. — Shrkws- 
bury;  Ellesmere. 

'  Smith,  Well,  Master,  are  you  the  Cunning  Man  f 

*  Kitf.  I  am  the  Leameil  Copernicus. 

*  Smith.  Well,  Master,  I'm.  but  a  poor  Man,  and  1  can't  afford 
above  a  Shilling  for  my  Fortune.' — Farquhab's  Recruiting  Officer^ 
Act  III.    Scene. — ^A  Chamber  [Shrewsbury], 

Of.  Wiae-man.  See  Bk.  IL,  FoUdort^  &c.,  'Charming  and 
Charms. ' 

CVBCHET  [kur'-chi*],  sh.  and  rft.,  var.  pr.  a  curtsey.  Com.  As  a 
verb  curchey  is  not  much  used ;  women  and  girls  vtiakt  or  drop  a 
curchey, 

*  These  moeke  folke  that  meetes  you  in  the  streete 
Will  curchie  make,  or  shewes  an  humble  spreete. 
This  argues  sure  tkej  have  in  Wales  been  bred 
Or  well  brought  up  and  taught  where  now  they  dwell.' 

Churchyard's  Pofww,  p.  387.    (*  Of  Shrewsbury.') 

CTTKLY-COAL,  ab.  coal  which  assumes  a  curly  or  conchoidal  fracture. 
It  has  no  particular  position  ;  a  portion  of  ordinary  seams  of  coal  will 
often  present  this  peculiarity.     Com. — ^M.  T. 

CVALT-STOIfE,  sb,  'peldor'  or  'cement-stone/  assuming  a  curly 
fracture.  It  is  composed  of  lime,  silica,  and  alumina  in  yarious  pro- 
portions, and  is  found  generally  in  the  strata  containing  the  iron- 
stones.— ^CoLLiERY ;  M.  T.    Cf.  Cone-upon-cone,  also  Dog-roof. 

CTTSST  [kur'st-],  adj,  wicked;  bad;  miBchievoas.  —  Worthrn  ; 
Clun.     '  '£'s  a  little  curst  chap.' 

•  Be  she  as  foul  as  was  Florentius'  love, 
As  old  as  Sib^  and  as  curst  and  shrewd 
As  Socrates'  Xanthippe  .  .  .  .' 

Taming  of  tJie  Shrew,  I.  ii.  70. 

'  A  eurs*d  cur  must  be  tied  short.' 

Bay's  Firwerbs,  p.  94. 

See  Curst,  B.  xii.,  R  D.  S.    Cf.  Shrewd. 

CITSH-COW  fkuosh'  and  kush*  kou],  sb.  a  cow  without  horns. — 
Newport  ;  Wem.  Such  a  cow  is  often  elliptically  called  a  eush.  In 
the  Swaledale  dialect  ctuh  is  a  call-word  to  cows  See  C.  L,  £.  D.  S. 
Icel.  kussa,  a  cow ;  ktu,  a  call  to  cows.     Cf.  Moillet. 

CUSTABD-CTTPS,  eb.  Epilobium  hirsdtumy  great  hairy  Willow- 
herb.— WELLnraxoN. 

CITSTTTET  [kus-tur't],  «ft.,  var.  pr.  custard.     Com. 

CUT  [kut*],  Shrehtsbury  ;  Ellesiterb.  [kuot*],  Newport,  sb.  a  canal. 
See  Cut,  C.  vi.,  E.  D.  S. 

CUTE  [keu't],  adj.  quick ;  intelligent ;  knowing.     Com. 

CUTS  [kut's],  sb.  pi.  lots;  slips  of  unequal  length,  wbich,  being 
placed  within  the  hand,  the  upper  ends  only  visible,  are  drawn  to 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  111 

determine  any  matter  at  issue :  eitlier  the  longest  or  the  shortest  of 
them  is  decisive,  according  to  agreement  preyiously  made. — Pulyeb- 
batch;  Worthbn.    Qy.  com. 

'  Now  draweth  cut,  er  that  we  ferrer  twynne ; 
He  which  that  hath  the  schorteste  schal  bygynne. 


Anon  to  drawen  every  wight  bigan, 
And  schortly  for  to  tellen  as  it  was, 
Were  it  by  aventure,  or  sort,  or  cas. 
The  soth  is  this,  the  cut  fil  to  the  knight.' 

Chaucer,  The  Prologucy  U.  835 — 845,  ed.  Morris. 

*  Cut,  or  lote.     Sors.* — Prompt.  Parv.    W.  cwtws^  a  lot.     See  Glos- 
sarial  Index  to  Man  of  Lawt.,  &c.,  ed.  Skeat. 

CTTTTIH*  THE  GOVBEB'S  HECK  OFF.   See  Bk.  II.,  FolU&re,  &c.> 
*  Customs'  [fkarvuA). 


DAB  [dab'],  (1)  «&  a  slight  blow,  generally  with  the  back  of  the 
hand.  Com.  '  If  I'd  a  bin  as  nigh  'im  as  yo'  wun,  I'd  a  gid  'im  a 
doh  i'  the  month.' 

(2)  9h,  a  small  quantity.  Com.  '  We'n  a  poor  dnh  o'  butter  this 
wik ;  the  cauves  ta'en  jest  all  the  milk,  an'  the  Maister  says  'e  56nna 
'ave  thar  yeds  broke  56th  the  chum-staff — so  we  canna  '&ve  it  both 
ways.' 

(3)  V.  a.  to  set  things  down  anywhere  but  in  their  right  place. 
Com.  '  Now  dunna  £ih  that  down  'af e  way ;  piit  it  in  its  place  at 
wunst' 

(4)  «(.  an  untidy,  thriftless  woman.  '  Aye,  aye !  a  mon  mun  ax 
'is  wife  'ow  they  bm  to  Hve,  an'  'e's  got  a  poor  dah  to  'elp  'im  alimg.* 
SeeClanly. 

(5^  tb,  any  turn  of  work  done  out  of  re^lar  course.  Com.  '  Our 
reg'liur  weah  is  every  three  wik ;  but  we  bin  often  'bliged  to  '&ve  a  bit 
of  a  dah  between.' 

(6)  adj,  slight ;  irregular;  out  of  course.  Com.  '  A  dah  cleaning ;' 
a  dah  waah, 

(7)  V,  a.  to  do  things,  such  as  washing  or  dusting,  in  a  slight, 
Buparficial  manner.  Com.  '  Mary,  jest  dab  me  tuthree  cloths  through 
as*ll  las*  liU  Monday ;  it  dunna  matter  bilin'  'em  fur  wunst.' 

DAB-CHICK,  eh.  Gallinvla  chlaropus,  the  Water  Hen. — ^Weluno- 
TON.    Qy.  com.    Cf.  Douker. 

DAB-HAHD,  sb,  a  skilled  band ;  an  adept.  Com.  '  I  dout  as  I 
canna  manage  that  job ;  yo'd'n  better  ax  Tum  to  do  it — 'e's  a  dah-hand 
at  them  sort  o'  things.'    Cf.  Don-hand. 

DACKT  [dakd'],  »h,  a  sucking  pig. — Shrewsbury  ;  Church  Strbt- 
TON ;  Ludlow.    See  Oall-worda,  Pigs. 

DADE  [daid*],  v.  a.  to  lead  children  when  learning  to  walk.-^ 
Shrewsbury;  Atcham;  Pxtlyerbatgh ;  Much  Wenlock;  Wem. 
'  I'd  rather  dadt  a  child  six  month  than  it  should  lam  to  creep.' 


112  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOR. 

'  Which  nourish'd  and  bred  up  at  her  most  plenteous  pap, 
No  sooner  taught  to  dade^  but  from  their  mother  trip.' 

Drayt.,  Polyclh.^  song  i.,  in  Wr. 

DADIH0-8TBIH0S,  ah.  pi.  the  leading-strings  by  which  a  child  is 
held  up  when  learning  to  walk. — Ibid.  '  'Im  a  mon  !  W*y  'a's  'ardly 
out  o'  the  dadin*'8tring$  yit ! ' 

DAFFISH  [daf *ish],  adj.  shy ;  bashful.  —  Pulyerbatch  ;  Cleb 
Hills  ;  Wem.  '  'Er^s  a  mighty  nice  young  ftdman ;  a  little  bit  daffish^ 
but  that's  a  djel  better  than  l>ein'  too  boud.'  Compare  with  this,  the 
following : — 

'  The  word  daffte  still  [about  1200]  keeps  its  old  sense,  humilia ;  it 
has  been  degraded,  like  ailly  (beatus).'~iSource0  of  Standard  English, 
p.  103. 

C£  also  O.Swed.  dof  stupid. 

DAITOBOWlSrDILLT  [daf -u*dou*'ndiir],  sb.  Psetido  Narcissus,  com- 
mon Daffodil.    Com. 

'  Strowe  me  the  ground  with  Daffadowndillies^ 
And  Cowslips,  and  Kingcups,  and  loved  Tillies.' 

Spenseb,  The  Shepheard^$  Calender,  April,  1.  140. 

DAO  [dag*],  (1)  V.  a.  to  sprinkle  clothes  with  water  preparatory  to 
mangling  or  ironing. — Pxtlterbatgh.  '  Send  the  onder's  bajte  to 
the  leasow,  an'  dag  them  clo'es  afore  yo'  go*n  to  milk.'  *  Daggen, 
O.IceL  doggvay  dag ;  moisten ;  sprinkle.' — Stbat. 

(2)  V.  o.  to  trail  in  the  wet  or  dirt.  Com.  *  Molly,  w'y  dunna  yo 
'oud  yore  petticoats  up  out  o'  the  sludge ;  yo'  bin  daggin  'em  'afe  way 
up  yore  legs.' 

DAGKJLE  LOCKS  [dagl  loks],  sb.  pi.  same  as  Bnrlings,  q.  y. — 

Ellesmere,  WeUhampton. 

DAOOLY  [dag'li*],  (1)  adj.  wet ;  showery — a  daggly  day. — Shrews- 
bury; Church  Strbttox;  Wem;  Ellsssiere.    Cf.  Dag(l). 

(2)  adj.  scattered. — Oiats.  Francis  Rawlings,  the  old  clerk  of  Clun 
Church,  said  that  whereas  the  old  men  from  the  Hospital  used  to  sit 
in  a  gsdlery  by  themselves,  they  *  wun  now  [1873]  daggly  all  about.' 

DAIBTMAID  [dae'r'i'maid],  sh.  a  post  formed  of  a  bongh,  usually 
off  an  oak  tree,  with  the  smaller  branches  lopped  to  serve  as  pegs, 
upon  which  the  dairy  vessels  are  hung  in  the  open  air  after  being 
scoured. — Pulyerbatch.    Cf.  VeMel-maid. 

DALLOP  [dol'up],  sb,  a  quantity  not  measared — ^as  of  fruit  or 
potatoes;  a  mass  or  lump  of  anything.  Com.  W.  talp^  a  mass;  a 
lump. 

DAH  Fdan*],  eb.  a  small  tub  used  for  drawing  coals  from  the  workings 
to  the  main  road  where  the  skips  are  loaded. — Colliery;  M.  T. 
Banning  is  drawing  the  coals  in  the  dans,  which  is  done  by  boys.  See 
Slipes. 

SAHOEB,  DAHKEB  [dangur'],  Atcham ;  Ellesvere.  [dang'kur'1, 
Clun,  an  imprecatory  expression  of  a  mild  type.  '  Danger  my  neck  V 
*  Danker  it  wunst ! '    C£  Ko  danger  I 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC   AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  113 

9AHGM3WAHO  [dang'swang],  adv,  vigorously;  with  might  and 
znaiiL — ^PULYERBATCH ;  Wem  ;  Whitohttrgh.  *  N0W9  chaps,  gi56  at 
it  dan^-noangy  an'  get  the  harlej  cocked  afore  the  je'ow  falls.' 

A  fjEirmer,  comparing  the  mihtary  prowess  of  Bliicher  and  G^eral 
Lord  Hill,  said  to  the  Rev.  E.  Neyile,  Yicar  of  Frees,  *  Lord  Hill's  so 
oool  an'  so  cute,  w^ile  Blucher  goes  diing^vwang  at  'em.' 


BAHEQIO  [dang'kin],  adj,  loose;  dangling;  'a  dankivt  coat.'— 
Shsbwsbxtbt. 

SASKS  [dang'ks],  adj.  dwarfish :  said  of  people. — ^Newfobt.  CI 
l>upfiy. 

SAHHIHO.    See  Dan. 

DAB,  SASHA.    See  Oranunar  Onflines  verb  Dare.    '  'It  me  if  70' 

<2ar;  but  yo' dama.' 

'  For  y  doLT  nomt  for  schame  *  schewe  him  mi  wille.^ 

WiUiam  of  Paiema,  L  038. 

*  For  which  thou  art  i-bounden  as  a  knyght 
To  helpe  me,  if  it  lay  in  thi  might. 
Or  elles  art  thou  fals,  I  dar  welsayn.' 

Ohattcbb,  T?ie  KnigUes  TaU,  L  294,  ed.  Morris. 

'  What's  this  I — ^I  canna  beai^t  I  'tis  waur  than  hell 
To  be  sae  burnt  with  lore,  yet  dama  teU ! ' 

Allan  Eamsay,  The  Oentle  Shepherd,  U,  ii.  p.  27. 

DARK  [daai^k],  acf;.,  ohsolsj  blind. — Pulyerbatch  ;  Wellington  ; 
Nbwpoet. 

*  This  Richard  Gk)ugh  liyed  to  a  great  age,  and  was  darhe  twenty 
yecures  beefore  hee  <fyed,  and  yett  was  yery  healthful.' — Gk)UQH^ 
HUftory  of  Myddk,  p.  96. 

Dryden  has  *  a  dark  old  man.'    A.S.  dearc^  dark.    QL  Bisson, 

DASKSOKE,  (1)  adj.  dark;  obscure;  ill-lighted. — Shbbwsbubt; 
PuLYEKBATGH.  <  I  thought  the  place  mighty  darlcwme  after  ours ; 
the  windows  wun  little  an  the  sailin'  [ceiling]  low,  the  beams  aiunust 
touchin'  yore  yed.' 

'•  .  .  •  thence  united  feU 
Down  the  steep  glade,  and  met  the  nether  flood, 
Which  from  his  darksome  passage  now  appears.' 

Paradise  Lost,  Book  IV.  1.  232. 

(2)  adj,  gloomy ;  melancholy ;  sad. — ^Pultebbatch.  '  Aye,  them 
wun  darksome  days — sorrow  'pon  sorrow ;  we  wun  'bliged  to  lave  the 
'ouse,  an'  the  two  poor  little  childem  died'n, — all  athin  a  fortnit.' 

DASH  [jaaVn],  v.  a.,  var.  pr.  to  dam. — Pulverbatoh.  Qy.  com. 
'  I  think  yo'd'n  better  djam  yore  stockin's  than  mess  at  that  croohetin' 
all  day.' 

DASHBOABDS  [dash-bwur'dz],  eh.  pi.  upright  boards  put  on  the 
sides  of  a  wagcon  for  the  purpose  of  enlarging  the  interior  body  when 
required  for  a  large  load,  as  of  lime,  &c. — Ludlow. 

' Broad  wheel  waggon,  with  iron  arms,  thripples,  and  dashboards* — 
Audioneer*s  Coikdogue  (Stoddesden),  1870. 

I 


114  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

SATTBEB  [daa-bnT^,  «&.,  ohsols.  a  plasterer.  —  Bishop's  Castlb^ 
Walcot.  CementariuSf  glossed  dawbcTf  occurs  in  a  Metrical  Vocabu" 
lary,  (perhaps)  ziy.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  toL  i  p.  181.  See  Way's 
note  on  dawber  in  Promj4,  Parv^  p.  114. 

DAXTNTED  [daan'ti'd],  adj.,  pec,  shy ;  timid.— Nbwfobt. 

DAW  [daa']y  ah,  fire-clay  found  on  coal,  giving  it  a  soft,  sticky  snr- 
fajCQy  and  preventing  its  ready  ignition.  It  has  the  appearance  of 
moidd  when  dry. — WHrifHuiecH,  TiUtock,  *  I  oonna  kind  that  fire 
this  momin',  the  coal's  aU  over  daw  an'  mess ;  I  never  seed  sich  a 
thing.'    Daw  is  perhaps  merely  a  variation  of  daub, 

DAWHT  [dauni'],  adj,  mouldy ;  mildewed :  said  of  hay. — Craven 
Abms.  '  The  'a^s  gettin'  mighty  datimy ;  if  s  lain  out  so  lung,  an' 
theer's  bin  a  power  o'  rain  on  it.' 

DAZE  XT  'OVHDS  [daaz*  mi*  5onz],  an  expletive ;  a  slight  oath. — 
Bbidoicobth. 

'  In  the  Third  period  [1260-1850]  we  find  da\>eit,  dahd  (O.Fr. 
deihaitf  dehait,  dtheC)  =  ill  betide»  In  subsequent  writers  it  became 
da^y  which  has  given  rise  to  daat  you  !  d%9e  ycu  I  da$h  you  ! ' — Du, 
MoBBis's  HUtorical  English  Accidence  [inteijeotions],  p.  336. 

DEAD  KAIT'S  FAIS  Pjed*  monz  faaVI,  «5.,  o&t.?  the  fair  held  at 
Church  Stretton  on  8.  Andrew's  Day.  It  acquired  this  ominous  name 
from  the  dreumstanoe,  it  is  said,  of  the  number  of  men  who  in 
attempting  to  cross  the  hills  on  their  return  home  after  attending  the 
fidr,  lost  tneir  way  and  perished. 

DEAF-EABS  [jef *  eer'z],  eh,  pi,  the  valves  of  an  animal's  heart.  Com. 

DEAP-inJT  fjef-  nut],  sh  a*  nut  with  an  abortive  kernel  Com.  *  'E 
dunna  crack  many  djef-nuts*  is  said  of  one  who  has  a  well-fed 
appearance. 

' '  Janiieson  observes  that  deaf  signifies  properly  stupid,  and  the 
term  is  transferred  in  a  more  limited  sense  to  the  ear.  It  is  also 
applied  to  that  which  has  lost  its  germinating  power;  thus  in  the 
North,  as  in  Devonshire,  a  rotten  nut  is  called  dea/f  and  barren  com 
is  called  deaf  com,  an  expression  literally  Ang.  Sax.  An  unproduc- 
tive soil  is  likewise  termed  deaf.' — ^Way,  m  Prompt,  Farv,,  p.  116. 

DEA-HETTLE  [dee*  net-^l],  sb,  Lamium  alhum,  white  Dead-nettle.— 

PULVERBATCH. 

'  Arc?ian  ....  de-netle.' — Semi^Saxon   Vocabulary,  xii.  oent.,  in 
Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  91. 

DEAEN,  DEtTEH  [jaa-r'n],  Pulvbrbatch.    [draaVnl,  Corvb  Daub. 

Sdi*ur''n],  Clun,  adj.f  obsoU,  eager ;  bent.  *  I  Imowed  1  mun  be  sharp, 
or  'e  wuz  djam  on  it,' — i,  e.  bent  upon  having  it    A  fair  or  market 
term.    See  Deum  below. 

DEAB  SOEES  [dee-ur' soa'h'r'zl  Pulvbrbatch.  [dee-h V  sur'z],  Elleb- 
MERB,  interj,  perhaps  connected  with  the  Sacred  Wounds  in  some  fonn 
of  adjuration. 

DEATH  pcth],  the  common  pronunciation. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   115 

<  'Ere's  a  toast  as  the  Veel  rolls  on ; 
Djdh  is  a  thinff  we  bin  all  sure  on ; 
If  life  wnz  a  toing  as  money  could  buy, 
The  rich  ddd  live  an'  the  poor  ddd  die.'^ 

SEATH-PnrCH  [jetb- pinsh],  sh.,oh8oUA  a  black  mark  in  the  flesh 
which  looks  as  if  caused  by  a  pinch,  but  as  a  matter  of  fact  arises 
from  a  diseased  state  of  the  blood. — ^Pulvebbatch.  Marks  of  tlus 
kind  are  believed  to  foreshadow  approaching  death.  '  Betty,  jest  look 
at  my  arm,  'ow  black  it  is  I  I  hanna  'urt  it  as  I  know  on ;  is  it  whad 
they  callen  a  djeth-^nch  f — ^gid  me  to  prepar'.' 

DECK  [dek'],  (1)  eh.,  obsoh,  a  pack  of  carda. — Shbewsbubt;  Pul- 
vsBBJLTcn;  Ellesmuhk 

(2)  8b.  the  cards  played  out;  the  *  board'  at  a  round  game.— 
8hbbwsbubt;  Pulyb&batgh. 

'  Whiles  he  thought  to  steal  the  single  ten. 
The  king  was  slily  fingered  from  the  de^I ' 

3  K  Henry  F/.,  V.  i.  44. 

SELF  [delf *],  sb.,  ohsoU,  a  stone  quany. — ^Pulvkrbatch.  '  Theer 
wuz  a  skimperin  o*  snow,  an'  the  poor  owd  man  missed  the  rack  an' 
tumbled  into  the  delf^  an'  'uri  'is-self  badly.' 

In  the  Wickliffite  version,  2  Chron.  xxxiy*  10,  the   expression 
occurs,  *  stonys  hewid  out  of  )^  dduu  (e)>er  quarreris).' — Cott  MS. 
aaud.  E.  iL    <  AuHfe-ddla,  a  gold  (2e{/«.'— Yocab.  Harl  MS.  1002.^ 
.  Wat,  in  Prompt.  Parv.y  p.  118. 

A.S.  ddf,  a  delving ;  a  digging.    Gf.  Delve,  also  Btandelf. 

*I)ELP  [del'p],  wterf.  a  contraction  of  *  God  help/  used  to  express 

pity.— PULVERBATCH, 

DELVE  [del*v],  (1)  t?.  a.  to  dig  two  spade's  depth. — Newpobt.     Cf. 

Chraft 

'  Ck>nscience  oomaunded  l^o  *  al  orystene  to  ddue, 
y^Tii^  make  a  muche  mote  .....  .' 

Fiera  PI.,  Text  B.,  pass.  xix.  1.  361. 

*  Where  is  more  love,  who  hath  more  happie  daies. 
Than  those  poore  hynds,  that  digges  and  delves  the  ground  ?' 

Ohttbchyabd's  Poems,  p.  113,  L  8. 

(2)  V.  n.  to  dig  and  turn  over  the  soil  in  a  purposeless  way,  as 
children  do. — Pin:.YEBBATOH ;  Wem.  '  Let  the  childem  alone,  they 
bin  on'y  ddvirC  i'  the  on-dug  groun',  doin*  no  'arm.'  A.S.  dilfan  ; 
O.Fris.  ddva  ;  O.H.  Germ.  Ulban,  delve ;  grave ;  dig. — Stbat. 

(3)  V.  n.,  pec.  to  slave ;  to  drudge. — Pulverbatch.  *  Fm  tired  till 
I  can  'ardly  lug  a  leg ;  I  han  to  delae  at  them  tatoes  w'ile  yo'  bin 
runagatin'  about  after  nuts  an'  slons,  tarrin'  yore  rags  off  yore  back.' 

DEHIAL  [di'nei'hl],  sb.  detriment ;  hindrance ;  drawback.  Com. 
'  Poor  Dick*s  lost  'is  arm  i*  the  throshin'  machine ;  itll  be  a  great 
d^avUd  to  'im,  but  'e  met  as  well  a  bin  killed.' 

DEUBH  [jur'n],  (1)  adj.,  obsols.'i  hard;  stem;  severe. — Pulver- 
batch. '  Yo'  mun  mind  'ow  yo'  dailen  65th  'im,  for  Vs  a  djum  bond  ; 

I  2 


116  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

to  get  a  bargain  onfn  'im  is  snxDmat  like  gettin'  blood  out  on  a  cab- 
bitch  stalk.' 

Compare  dectm  above ;  the  terms  appear  to  be  cognate  and  to  be 
allied  to  M.E.  derf,  A.S.  dear/^  0 JceL  diar/rp  firmns,  duros,  gravis, 
in  St&at. 

(2)  adj. ,  ohacU.  ?  cold ;  biting. — ^Pulverbatoh.  *  GFood  momin',  Mr. 
Bromley;  if s  a  mighty  djum  winde.'  *  Aw  I  yo'd'n  think  so  if  yoWn 
bin  Veer  I  han— a-top  o^  Big  Huglith';  it*ll  shave  a  mon  clane 
athout  lather  or  razzor. 

DEVEE  [devTii^,  (1)  «6.  duty.— Cobtb  Dale;  Ludlow.  TH  do 
my  ciever,  Sir.* 

•  To  prey  Grenefeld  to  send  me  feythfully  word,  by  wrytyn,  who 
element  Fasten  hath  do  his  dever  in  lemyn^.  And  if  he  hatiLe  nought 
do  well,  nor  wyU  nought  amend,  prey  hym  tnat  he  wyll  trewly  bela^h 
hym,  tyl  he  wyll  amend ;  and  so  ded  tiie  last  maystr,  and  the  best  Aat 
ever  he  had,  att  Caumbi^ge.  And  sey  Grenefeld  that  if  he  wyll  take 
up  on  h3rm  to  brynge  hym  in  to  good  rewyll  and  lemyng^  that  I  may 
verily  know  ke  dotii  nj»  dever,  I  wyll  geve  hym  x  marcs  for  hys 
labor,  for  I  had  lever  he  wer  fayr  beryei  than  lost  for  defauteJ — 
Faston  L€tter9,  A.D.  1458,  vol.  L  p.  422. 

Fr.  devoir ,  duty. 

(2)  V.  n.,  var,  pr.  to  try ;  to  attempt ;  to  endeavour. — Shrewsbttry. 
Qv.  com.  '  Fm  afeard  as  I  shanna  be  able  to  do  'em  this  wik ;  but 
I'll  dever  to  let  yo'  han  'em.' 

DEVIL  [divi],  ab,  so  pronounced  when  speaking  of  the  devil  per^, 
but  in  composition  the  word  follows  ordinary  usage.    See  below. 

DEVIL'S  BEDSTEAD  Tdevlz  bed-sti'd],  sb.,  si  the  four  of  clubs,  a 
card  which  is  oonsiderea  '  unlucky.' — Cles  Hills.    Qy.  com. 

The  Blanff  Dictionary ^  p.  119,  has  'Devil's  bed-po8t»  the  four  of 
dubs.'    See  Oapt.  CHAJfiEB's  novel  of  The  Arethtua. 

DEVIL'S  BIT,  df.  Scabtosa  succisa,  the  Devil's  bit  Scabious.— 
Bhbewsbttby.  The  root  of  this  plant  has  the  appearance  of  being 
cut  off  abruptlv,  or  bitten  [radix  prsemorsa]. 

Gerarde  calls  it  MoreuB  Diaholi,  Diueh  hit,  and  sajs  :'...•  Old 
f  antastioke  charmers  report  that  the  diuell  did  bite  it  for  enuie, 
Hcause  it  is  an  herbe  that  hath  so  many  good  vertues,  and  is  so  bine- 
ficiall  to  mankinde.'— See  Gebabde's  Herbal,  Bk.  II.  p.  587.  ed.  A.D* 
1697. 
Of  Bluebeadfl  and  Gentlemen's  Battoits. 

DEVIL'S  CHITBJr-STAFF,  ab.  Euphorbia  helioecopia.  Sun  Spuige. 
— ^Ellesmebe,  Welsham'pton,  This  plant  probably  owes  its  name  of 
DeviVB  Chum-staff  to  the  acrid  milky  juice  contained  in  its  stems. 

DEVIL'S  COACH-HOBSE,  ab.  Ocypua  olena,  the  Bove  Beetle  or 
Common  Black  GocktaiL--SHii£W8BUBY.    Qy.  com. 

DEVIL'S  COBN,  sb.  SteJlaria  hdSsfea,  Greater  Stitchwort.— 
Sheewsbtjby,  UffingUm.    Called  DeviVB  Eyes  about  Wrexham. 

DEVIL'S  CUTBBT-COMB  [devlz  kiir'i'  kuom],  ab.  Ranuncidtit 
arvensis.  Com  Crowfoot.— WELLmoTON.     This  plant  is  said  to  be 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROYINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  117 

extremely  injurioius  to  cattle.  Some  farmers  discosaing  the  merits  of 
certain  *  stifE '  soil,  one  of  them  exclaimed,  '  It's  full  o'  tiie  DeviVa 
Curry-comb.'  *  Yes/  said  another,  '  and  the  feJlows  al'ays  throw  up 
the  *  *  Beggar's  Needle." ' 

Banunculua  arvensis  is  a  very  common  weed  on  all  strong  soils  in 
Shropshire.  Its  extremely  acnd  properties  have  doubtless  led  to  its 
association  with  the  Evil  One;  his  curry-comb  being  suggested,  pro« 
bably,  by  its  comb-like  achenium. — Science  Qomp,  p.  228,  Oct  1870. 

See  Beggar's  N'eedle« 

DEVIL'S  OTJTS,  eb.  Convolvn^uB  arvSnsis,  Small  Bindweed* — 
Shsewsbitby.  The  name  of  DemC%  Outa  is  given  to  this  plant  from 
the  circumstance  of  its  roots  running  very  deep  into  the  ground,  and 
being  difficult  of  extirpation.    Of.  Barbiaie. 

DEVIL'S  LOSTOJS,  eb.,  obs.  Devil's  lantern ;  the  Ignis /atuua.  Ct 
Jack-o'-the-laathLom. 

DEVIL^S  KES  AKD  WOMEH,  sb.  the  fruit  spike  of  Arum 
maculatum, — Shbewsbuby.  The  red  berries  are  men,  the  green  ones 
women,    Cf.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen. 


DEVIL'S  POST,  ab.  Allium  urdnum^  Broad-leaved  Garlic. — Pulveb* 
BATCH,  Hanwood.  It  would  seem  that  the  horrible  foetid  odour  of  this 
^ant  is  thought  by  the  rustic  mind  to  be  a  fitting  *  bouquet '  for  the 
Prince  of  Darkness. 

DEVIL'S  SVITFF-BOZ,  sK  same  as  Blind-ball,  q.  v.— Welling- 
ton. This  appellation  may,  no  doubt,  be  ascribed  to  the  snufE-like 
powder  with  wiiich  the  fungous  is  charged  in  its  mature  state,  and  to 
which  very  baneful  properties  aie  popularly  attributed.  See  Tuaz- 
ball. 

DEW  [dyou*],  Shrewsbury;  Worthbn.  [ji'ou-],  Pulverbatoh. 
[doo-],  Newport,  $b.  *  We'n  'ad  a  big  jVou;  i'  the  night,  Yedart.' 
*  Aye,  a  mighty  big  un ;  we  sha'n  a  a  wnot  day.* 

'  And  all  the  day  it  standeth  fall  of  deow, 
Whidx  is  the  teares,  that  from  her  eyes  did  flow.^ 

Spenser,  Astrophd^  1. 192,  p.  561. 

DHTT-STOHE  [deu'stone  and  joo*stwun],  ab.  basalt,  of  a  black  or 
very  dark  colour,  quarried  at  Titterstone  Clee.  Dhu — ^the  local 
speUing—is  a  mistake.    Dhu  =:  W.  du,  black ;  sable. 

DIBBDf-STICK  [dib'in  stik],  ab.  a  setting-stick. — Shrewsbury; 
Graven  Arms;  Ellesmere. 

•  Ferdifa.  Til  not  put 

The  dibble  in  earth  to  set  one  slip  of  them.' 

WifUer^a  Tale,  IV.  iv.  100. 

DICHE  [dei-chl,  ah  a  ditch  by  a  hedge^de.     Com.     '  It'll  be  no 
sich  a  job  to  clane  that  dicJie  out,  it's  so  o'er-growed  wuth  brombles.' 
'  The  Boll  of  the  Court  Leet  of  the  Manor  of  Bromfield,  Shropshire* 

for  the  2nd  October  in  the  4th  year  of  King  James  1^1607) 

At  this  court  for  avoydingj  of  conlroversies  betwext  Wm.  Lane  and 
Rich.  Bevan :  It  is  now  with  the  Lord's  consent,  and  assent  of  Wm 
Lane,  ordered,  that  Bi^iard  Bevan,  who  hath  broken  the  lord*s  formor 


118  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

order  botwext  thorn,  akaXL  hensforih  hsYe  and  lepossede  two  Bidgee 
hitherto  in  oontrouersye,  and  so  save  the  sayd  Lane  from  harmes 
with  8n£Scient  hedge  and  dicJke  of  his  lande  adionyning.  And  this 
Tnder  peine  of  x«,  a  curia  in  curiam.* —J^n^^M A  Qilda,  their  StaivitB 
^nd  Customs,  R  E.  T.  S. 

<  To  l^are  diche *-'(hDl  and  NigUingah,  L  1239. 

A.S.  die;  O.Frifl.  dtk;  OJoeL  dSk;  £ki:  ditch;  dika— Strat.  QL 
Brain. 

BICHE-BOVK,  sh.  the  embankment  on  the  hedge-side  of  a  ditch. 
Com.  '  To*  can  eee  the  mark  o*  the  wil  fwheel]  'afe  way  np  the 
diche-hank  ;  iVs  a  56nder  they  wunna  boath  kQled.' 

DICHEB  [dei'chin^,  sh,  a  ditcher:  generally  used  in  oonjonction 
with  hedger — a  hedger  and  ditcher.  Ck)m.  *The  fellow^  a  i>erty 
good  'edger  an*  dicker;  but  as  to  stack-makin'  an'  thatchin',  w^  *o^ 
no  better  than  an  owd  o&man.'    A.S.  dioerej  a  ditcher. 

DIBSTAFF  [did-stn'f],  sh,^  oba.,  var,  pr.  a  distaff. — ^Pulyebbatch. 

DIMMEST  [dim-urT],  (1)  sb,  a  dark,  ill-lighted  room  or  passage. — 
Shbewsbxtbt  ;  Pulykebatch.  '  Whad  a  duMnertf  this  place  is ;  Vy 
yo'  canna  see  from  one  end  to  the  other»  an*  it  inna  that  big.*  A.&. 
dym,  dim ;  dark. 

(2)  sh.  a  building  or  shed  in  a  buildei^s  yard  where  tools,  moitar» 
and  odd  things  are  kept. — Shrewsbtjbt. 

(3)  »h,,  obs,  a  place  attached  to  old  ohnxches  where  the  graTe- 
digger's  tools  were  (perhaps)  kept — Ibid. 

'Underneath  this  churcm  [S.  Chad*s],  on  the  north  side,  is  a  Tanlted 
room,  called  the  dimery;  whidi  place  probably  has  been  used  as  a 
repository  for  the  bones  and  skulls  of  the  dead,  and  mi^t  receiye  its 
name  from  the  Saxon  word  dwimora,  ghosts,  which  in  times  of  ignor- 
ance and  superstition  were  supposed  to  haunt  such  places ;  or  more 
likely  from  the  common  word  dim,  dark ;  a  dimery,  or  dark  room  or 
place.' — ^Phillips's  History  of  Shrewsbury,  p.  89. 

BIMMT-SIMltT  [dimi'  sim'i'],  cidj.   conodted;  languishing. — 

WOETHKW. 

PIBBEKS  [din'dur'z],  sb.  pi.  Eoman  coins  found  at  Wbozetbr 
[Urioonium].    Si>elt  dyndera  by  Kennett,  in  Hal. 

'The  Eoman  coins  found  here  (Wroxeter)  are  a  proof  of  the 
antiquity  of  the  place ;  the  inhabitants  call  them  dinders,  a  corrup- 
tion of  {he  Boman  denariusJ — Phillips'b  History  of  Shrewsbury,  pp. 
199,  200. 

BIHO  [ding-],  (1)  v.  a.  to  dash  down  with  violence. — ^Whitchurch. 

*  But  Do-wel  shal  dyngen  hym  adoun, 
And  destruye  his  myghte.* 

Piers  PL,  pasa  xx.  L  6273,  ed.  Wb. 

O.N.  dengia,  to  hammer ;  dengia  einum  nidt,  to  ding  one  down,  in 
Wedo. 

(2)  V.  n.,  obsols.  to  impress  forcibly:  chiefly  used  in  the  way  of 
taunting.— PuLVEBBATOH ;  Clxjn.  '  The  Missis  'as  bin  dingirC  at  me,* 
said  l/Lixj  Dayies,  '  about  Bessey  knittin*  the  Maister  a  stockin*  in  a 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  119 

day ;  so  I  toud  'er  if  I  couldna  Imit  a  stooldn'  in  a  day,  I  could  mak' 
*im  a  shirt,  an'  I  went  at  it  dang-swang  an'  did  it.*  Mary  Davies  and 
Bessey  Coxall,  two  servants  of  the  'old  school/  lived  with  Mrs. 
Bromley,  of  Castle  Pulverbatch,  about  tiie  year  1817.  Workers  such 
as  they,  may  be  considered  like  many  of  the  words  of  their  time,  to 
have  become '  obsolete/ 

(3)  rding*g],  tib.  a   buznng  ncnse  in  the  eara  —  Skrewsbubt. 
*  Dear  eaix  I  I've  sich  a  ding  V  my  ears,  jest  like  a  swarm  o'  bees.' 

SnrOE  [din-zh],  (1)  v.  a.  to  dint;  to  knock  in. — Shrewsbury.  Qy, 

■    com.    *  Dun  'ee  know  who's  dinged  the  tay-pot  athisn  ?    It  looks  as 

if  it  'ad  bin  fell  o'  the  flur.'    O.N.  dmgia,  to  hanuner.    Qt  Bulge. 

(2)  8h,  a  dint. — Ihid. 

SnrHEE-WHILE,  8b.  dinner-time.— CoLLiBRT.  <  Fve  bin  workin' 
i'  my  dinner-to'ile,  Sir.' 

DIP  [dipj,  ^1)  adj.,  var.  pr.  deep;  canning  ;  crafty.  Com.  'Dip 
as  the  North '  is  a  proverbial  phnMO  current  in  Shropshire,  signifying 
very  crafty. 

(2)  sb.  the  part  of  a  mine  below  the  level ;  the  part  above  the  level 
is  called  the  baeaet, — Golubby;  M.  T. 

BIPHESS  [dip'ni's],  sb.,  var.  pr.  deepness ;  slyness. — Pulverbatoh. 
Qy.  com.  "Ow  yo'  cropen  oft  to  the  wakes  athoat  sayin'  ever-a 
word;  I'll  remember  yo'  rar  yore  dipnesB,* 

DIPPER,  sb.  AlcSdo  Fspida^  the  Kingfisher. — Bridonobth. 

DISAHlir UL ~[difl*u'nul],  v.  a., pec.  to  inconvenience;  to  disturb;  to 
turnout. — PULVERB ATCH ;  CoRYS  Dalb;  Wrm.  (1)  'To' can  come 
in,  yo'  55nna  disannul  the  ladies.'  (2)  '  'E  thought  to  end  'is  days 
theer,  but  this  new  lan'lord's  disannulled  'im  altogether.' 

DISCOBDEDEE  [diskaur^'di'du'n],  pret.  disagreed.— Cleb  Hills. 
'  Well,  I  met  a  bin  55th  'im  now,  on'y  w©  discordeden  a  bit.'  O.Fr. 
discarder,  disputer;  quereller. — ^BuR. 

DIBOEST  [dizgest-],  v.  a.  to  digest.  Com.  <  Fm  a  sight  better  than 
I  wuz ;  ^[arb-tay  did  me  most  good  of  anythin'.  I  could  aumust 
disgest  a  pimple-stwun.' 

'  Sowre  whey  and  curds  can  yeeld  a  sugred  tast 
Where  s  weete  martchpane,  as  yet  was  never  knowne : 
When  emptie  gorge,  hath  bole  of  milke  embrast ; 
And  cheese  and  bread*  hath  dayly  of  his  owne, 
He  craves  no  feast,  nor  seekes  no  banquete  fine, 
He  can  disgest  his  dinner  without  wine.' 

Churchyard's  Poems,  p.  113,  L  18. 
*  Disgestive  Faculti/  assimilates  the  nourishment,  into  the  substance 

of  that  part  where  it  iaj— Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  IL  chap.  xvii.  p. 

414. 

DI8H-WASHEB,  eb.  MotaeUla  yarrdlii,  the  Pied  Wagtail.— Brdkh 

irORTH. 

DISTSES8  rdistres*8],  sb.,  pec.  strain ;  stress ;  application  of  force. 
— ^Wem.    'Theer  wunna  be  no  distress  on  that  theer  'edge  tin  after 


120  SHBOPSHIBE  WORD-BOOK. 

'arrest,' — ».  e.  tOl  after  the  com  is  cut,  and  animalR  are  turned  into 
the  field,  who  will  strain,  or  try,  the  strength  of  the  fsnoe. 

PITHEB  [didh'ur^l,  v.  n.  to  tremble  with  cold ;  to  shiver.  Com. 
'  Tm  starved  till  1  dither^  an'  my  tith  chatter.'  *  Xhaf  s  a  pity,  for 
yore  tongue  can  chatter  £Eut  enough/    Of.  Acker. 

SiVJJiINO-BOD,  8b.,  obeols.  a  rod  made  of  Hazel  or  twigs  of  Wycb 
Elm,  ns^  for  purposes  of  divination. — Oobye  Daus;  Ludlow.  See 
Bk.  IL,  Folklore,  &c^  <  Charming  and  Charms.' 

SL&JtSAJJl'  [diz'h'ninl  sb,  a  'dressing;'  asoolding. — ^Weh.  ^'Ergive 
'im  a  fine  aizemn'  yren  'e  did  come  wham.'    CI  Dizen  ^  to  dress. 

DO  [doo'l,  sb.  a  festivity ;  an  entertainment.  Com.  *  I  s'pose  as 
theer's  to  be  a  fine  do  at  the  Squire's  Veil  the  weddin*  comes  off.' 

DOCK  [dok'],  (1)  t;.  a.,  obsols.  to  cut  off  the  tails  of  horses  to  the  stamp  ; 
also  to  cut  close  the  ears  of  dogs.  Com.  The  latter  jMuctioe  is  made 
criminal  under  the  Cmelty  to  AniTnals  Act.  'That  dog  5M  look 
better  if  'is  ears  wun  dockt,  but  we  dama  now.' 

'He  [Sir  Charles  Qrandison]  seldom  traveb  without  a  set,  and 
suitable  attendants;  and,  what  I  think  seems  a  little  to  savour  of 
singularity,  his  horses  are  not  docked.  Their  tails  are  only  tied  up 
when  they  are  on  the  road 

'  But  if  he  be  of  opinion  that  the  tails  of  these  noble  animals  are 
not  only  a  natural  ornament,  but  are  of  real  use  to  defend  them  from 
the  vexatious  insects  that  in  summer  are  so  apt  to  annoy  them  (as 
Jenny  just  now  told  me  was  thought  to  be  his  reason  for  not  depriving 
his  cattle  of  a  defence  which  nature  gave  them),  how  tar  from  a  dis- 
praise is  this  humane  oonsideratiMi  I  And  how  in  the  more  minute 
as  well  as  we  mav  suppose  in  the  greater  instances,  does  he  deserve 
the  character  of  the  man  of  mercy,  who  will  be  merciful  to  his  beast.' 
— Sir  Charles  Orandieon,  vol.  i.  p.  257,  ed.  176fi. 

*  Dcikky^,  or  smytvn'  a-wey  the  tayle.  Deoaudo.^ — JPtompt.  Parv. 
O.N.  dokr,  a  short,  stumpy  taiL — ^Wedo. 

(2)  V,  a,  to  cut  off,  in  any  general  sense,  so  as  to  shortoD. — ^PuL- 
TERBATOH.  Qy.  oom.  'I  dunna  know  whad  folks  wanten  65th  a. 
yard  o'  stuff  'angin'  at  thar  'eels;  I  ehould  like  to  tak'  'em  to  the 
choppin'-block  air  dock  'em.' 

'  His  heer  was  by  his  eres  ful  round  i-shom. 
His  top  was  docked  lyk  a  preest  bifom.' 

Chaitoeb,  The  PrcAogue,  L  590,  ed.  Morris. 

* DokkyrS  or  shortyn.    DecuriOy  dbbrevio* — Prompts  Tarv, 

(3)  V,  a.  to  shorten :  as  of  a  baby's  clothes. — Wbm  ;  Eixesmebb. 
'We  maun  dock  the  child's  clothes  nex'  wik,  the  weathei^s  gettin* 
warmer.' 

(4)  V.  a.,  pec.  to  put  off:  as  of  apparel. — Shkewsbxiby.  *It^s  no 
use,  I  mim  dock  this  gownd  off,  ifs  swelterin'  me  to  d^eth.'    QL  Dofll 

POCTOB'8  MOH,  ab.  a  medical  man's  assistant  Com.  '  I  shoul<l 
think  theer^s  somebody  very  bad  at  the  shop ;  I  sid  the  Doctor  theer 
this  momin',  an'  the  bocUtre  man  this  onder.' 

DOCTOB'S  STUFF,  6b.  medicine.    Com. 


GLOSSARY  OP  AECHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  121 

DOBDEBItrO  [dod'hVi'nJ,  part,  adj.  trembling  3  shaking :  as  from 
age  or  sickness,  like  palsied  people  do. — Cobye  Dale.    Of.  Dither. 

SODOEB  [doJTir'],  ah,  Sherardia  arvensis,  creeping  Plume-thistle. 
CobybDale. 

SOFF  [dofj,  .V.  a.  to  put  off;  to  do  off. — Shrewsbubt;  Pulvbb- 
BATCH ;  Newpobt  ;  Wem.  *  If  yo*  mainen  work,  dof  that  jacket ; 
yo*  bin  like  owd  Jack  Jones — ate  till  yo'  swat,  an'  work  till  yo' 
starve.' 

S    .    .    •    .    do  as  ioh  >e  rede, 
c2q^bliae  ]>i3  bere-skyn  '  &  be  stiUe  in  fi  clones.' 

WUlicm  o/Faleme,  L  2343. 

'  Shee  also  dofte  her  heavy  habeijeon, 
Which  the  fure  feature  of  her  hmbs  did  hyde.' 

Sfenseb,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  III.  c.  ix.  si  xzi 

SOO  [dog'],  eh.  the  link  at  the  end  of  the  chain  fastening  it  round 
the  coVs  neck. — Clee  Hills.    Qy.  com.    See  Cow-chains. 

D00-DAI8T  [dog'dai-'zin,  sb,  AnthSmis  cotida^  stinking  Chamomile. 
— ^Whitghubch,  TiUtodc,    Cf.  Maise. 

BOOGIE  [dogi*],  ^5.,  sL  the  overlooker  at  the  pit's  mouth. — Collieby ; 
M.T.    Of.  &eeve(l). 

SOO-HAHOnr,  ah,  a  large  social  gathering. — Gobvb  Dale.  Mr. 
Halliwell  says  a  do^-hanging  was  a  wedding  feast  where  money  was 
collected  for  the  bnde. 

SOG-MEH'  [dog-men],  ah,  pl,y  oha,  church  beadles. — Bishop's  Castle  ; 
Clun.  Countrymen  coming  into  church  were  often  followed  by  their 
dogs,  which  were  driven  out  by  the  beadles,  who  thus  acquired  tha 
name  of  dog-men.    This  office  ceased  to  exist  about  1830. 

*  July  17**,  1741.  Then  agreed  with  Henry  Ho  wells  to  give  "^^rn  Ten 
shillings  nntill  Ladv  Day  next  for  Whiping  tkedoggs  out  of  the  Church 
serviss  Time,  and  keepmg  people  from  Sleeping  in  Church  During 
Divine  service,  and  to  be  paid  lum  by  the  Churchwardens  that  are  in 
Office  for  the  time  'B^axig,— Churchwarden* e  Accounta,  Clun. 

BOO-BOOF,  ah.  same  as  Cnrly-fltone,  q.  v.  The  miners  give  it  this 
name  from  its  fancied  resemblance  to  the  roof  of  a  do^s  mouth. — 
Coixieby;  M.T. 

BOO'S  'LEKVEyphr.y  «Z.)  without  permission. — Shbewbbubt. 

SOLLIES  [dol'i'z],  ah.  pi,  bolsters  of  straw  put  under  the  eaves  of  a 
stack  to  make  them  project,  and  so  throw  the  wet  off  better.— -Pulveb- 

BATOH. 

SOLLT  [doH'],  (1)  ah,  a  washing  implement. — Shbewsbttbt;  Elles- 
ICEBE.  Qj.  com.  The  lower  |)art  of  the  doUy  is  made  of  a  solid  block  of 
wood,  8  mches  deep  and  6^  inches  wide ;  it  is  of  circular  shape,  and 
so  cut  through  at  Ihe  two  opposite  diameters  as  to  form  fonr  wedge- 
shaped  feet  4^  inches  in  depth.  Into  the  centre  of  this  block  is  fitted 
an  upright  handle  2  ft.  long,  having  a  cross-bar  at  the  top  15  inches 
lon^ ;  held  by  this,  the  dcliy  is  worked  with  an  up  and  down  motion, 
which  pounds  the  dirt  out  of  the  clothes. 


122  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  deanse  the  clothea  with  the  doUy  or  the  '  doUy-peg.*— 
Ibid. 

DOLLT-PEG,  sh,  an  implement  similar  in  intention  to  the  dolly,  but 
differing  from  it  in  form  and  mode  of  action.  A  circnlar  piece  of 
wood  1^  inch  thick  and  8  inches  in  diameter  has  inserted  into  it  six 
stout  pegs  about  7  inches  in  length ;  on  the  upper  side  of  it  is  an  up- 
right nandle  2  ft  2  inches  long,  having  a  cross-bar  7  inches  long, 
a^ut  4  inches  below  the  top ;  the  operator  holds  the  doUy-peg  by  this, 
and  with  a  strong  twisting  motion  shakes  and  rubs  the  dothes  in  the 
water,  so  as  to  deanse  them  yery  effectually. — Ibid.    Gf.  Peggy. 

DOLLY-TUB,  eh.  the  deep  tub  adapted  to  the  purpose,  in  which  the 
dothes  are  <  doUied.' — Ibid.    01  Washing  stock. 

DON  [don'],  V.  a.,  obsols.  to  put  on :  as  of  clothes — more  especiallv 
gay  attire ;  to  dress  up. — ^Pitlyekbatgh.  <  Did'n'ee  see  Bessy  Leach 
at  the  dub  P  wunna-d-'er  donned  off  P '    See  Donninga. 

'  And  costly  yesture  was  in  hand  to  dan.* 

TwrbviU'8  Ovid,  1567,  f.  145,  in  Hal. 

'  What,  should  I  don  this  robe,  and  trouble  yon  P ' 

Tittu  AndronioM,  I.  L  189. 

*  Do  on  clothys,  or  dothyn*.     Induo,  watio,* —Prompt.  Parv,     Gf. 
Bofll  • 

BOHCASS  [dong'kn's],  v.  n.  to  saunter. — Clbb  Bius.  *  Weer  bin 
yo*  off  donoa$$in'  to  now  P  * 

DOHET-WAGOOH  [doa-ni*  WBgni'n],  ah.  a  waggon  with  skeleton 
sides. — Atgham. 

BOH-HABD,  sh.  an  expert ;  an  adept. — ^Pulyerbatoh  ;  Clee  Hills. 
<  Tummas,  they  tellen  me  as  yo'  bin  a  don- and  at  staok-makin'  an' 
thetdiin' ;  can  'ee  spar'  us  a  wik  P '    Cf.  Dab-hand. 

DOHVISrOS  [doni'nz],  sh.  pL,  obsol8.%  fine  clothes. — ^PuLyERBATOH. 
'Sally  Price  'as  got  on  all  'or  donnin*s  I  should  think;  Vy  'er's 
'anged  65th  ribbinte  like  a  pedlar's  basket.'    See  Don. 

POOR^CHEEKS,  sh.  pi  door-posts.— Wbm.  See  Exod.  zii.  22,  ed. 
1640.— Hal. 

DOOBnJAWHS,  sh.  pi,  var.  pr.  door-poste  or  jambs. — PuLyEBBATCH. 

SOBOME  [doa'sum],  adj.  hearty ;  thriying :  said  of  animals. — ^Wem. 

'  Loik  dangling  of  a  babby,  then  the  Huntsman  hoye  him  up, 
The  dugs  a  bayin'  roind  mm,  while  the  gemmen  croid, '  *  Whoo-hup !  ** 
As  doesome  cauyes  lick  fleetm^  out  o'  th'  piggin  in  the  died. 
They  worried  eyery  inch  of  him,  aw  but  his  teil  an'  yed.' 

Farmer  Dobbin :  '  A  Day  wi'  the  Chedure  Fox  Dugs.* 
B.  E.  EoEBTOir  WABBTTBTOsr'a  Hunting  Songs^  y. 
xyiii.  p.  94. 

A.S.  dugan,  to  thriye  (=  Genn.  iaugen). 

DOSSIL  [dosill,  sh.  a  satisfying  quantity.— Wem.  "Et  giye  'im  a 
good  doasU  o*  oumplin'.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   123 

DOUBLE-COAL  [dub'l  koal],  eh,  a  good  coal  for  manufacturing 
purposes,  much  used. — Colueby  ;  M.  T.    See  Coal-fleld. 

DOUBLE  COUPLE  [dubl  kup'll  ah,  twin  lambs.  Com.  Bedupli- 
cation  of  this  kind  is  very  general  in  Shropshire — two  tivina,  for  twina 
Betty  Roberts  of  Castle  Pulverbatch,  speaidng  of  her  daughter,  said, 
'To  remember  Saa*ra,  Ma'am;  well,  'er  got  married,  an'  in  a  twelve- 
month er  wuz  p&t  to  bed  of  a  double  birth  o'  two  twins,'  Betty's 
auditor  computed  these  to  be  eight  children !  On  a  gravestone  in 
Edgmond  churchyard  (Salop)  is  the  following  epitaph  (date  A.D. 
1800)  :— 

*  They  were  Two  Twins  in  Birth  both  join'd ; 
Great  is  their  gain  in  Hopes  to  find.' 

Cf.  Two-double. 

DOUGH.    See  Duff 

DOUK  [dou'k],  V,  a.  to  stoop  or  lower  the  head.  Com.  '  '£  douka 
'is  yea  like  a  gonder  gweln  under  a  barn-door'  is  a  current  Shrop- 
shire saying. 

'  M.  Mery,  Curtsie  .  .  ,dovke  you  and  crouohe  at  euery  worde.' — 
RoitieT  Doister,  Act.  j.  Sc.  iiij.  p.  26. 

DOUEEB  [dou'kur'],  sb,  Podicepa  minor,  the  Little  Grebe. — 
Wellington.  Qy.  com.  Bewick  calls  this  '  The  small  Do%ukerJ  See 
British  Birds,  vol.  ii.  p.  171,  ed.  1832.  '  Hie  Tnergulus,  A",  a  dokare.' 
— ^Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  253.    Ct  Dab-chick.    See  Jack-douker. 

DOUBT  [dou'stl,  (1)  ab.  dust. — Shrewsbubt;  Pulverbatoh;  Church 
Stbetton.    'Them  up-stars  rooms  bin  in  a  fine  mess  o'  dowl  an' 
doust,  tkev  wanten  a  right  good  frotin'.' 
<  LL  Also,  that  no  Sadeler,  Boche',  Baker,  ne  Glover,  ne  none  other 

Sersone,  caste  non  Intrelle  ne  fylth  of  Bestes  donge,  ne  doust,  over 
eveme  brugge,  ne  beyond  the  seid  Brugee  in  the  streme.'  See 
'  Ordinances  of  Worcester,'  temp.  Ed.  IV.  (1467),  in  English  Oilds, 
their  Statutes  and  Cust<ms,  E.  E.  T.  S. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  beat — ^Pulvebbatoh  ;  Wem.    <  Doust  'is  jacket  for  'im, 
Surrey.' 

DOUSTEBy  (1)  ab,y  var,  pr,  a  duster. — Shrewsbury. 

(2)  sb.  a  heavy  blow.— Fulvebbatoh  ;  Wem.     <It  fell  sich  a 
dowier,* 

DOUT  [don't],  v.  a.  to  extinguish ;  to  do  out.  Com.  '  Dout  them 
candles,  SaUy ;  theer  '11  be  light  enough  to  talk  by  then,  if  that's  all 
yo'n  got  to  do.' 

*  Boon*  owte,  or  qwenchyn'  (li3th,  Z ;  lyth,  H. ).  ExtinguoJ— Prompt. 
Parv, 

DOUTEB,  ab,  a  candle  extinguisher.     Com. 

DOWL  [doui],  (1)  ab,  the  downy  fibres  of  a  feather ;  down.    Com. 

*  Ariel.  You  fools  I the  elements^ 

Of  whom  your  swords  are  temper'd,  may  as  well 
Wound  the  loud  winds,  or  with  bemock  d-at  stabs 
Kill  the  still-closing  waters,  as  diTnim'sh 
One  dowle  that's  in  my  plume.' — Tempest,  JU.  iii.  65* 


124  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  Young  dowl  of  the  bearcL' — ffotoeU,  sect.  L,  in  Hal. 

(2)  ah,  the  light  downy  substance  which  collects  under  beds  and 
about  bedroom  floors,  &o.    Com. 

(3)  v.  a.,  d,?  to  abuse:  as  big  boys  do  little  ones,  too  often. — 
Shbewsbtjby.  '  G^rge  Davies  &wlea  poor  little  Joe  Gartri't  shame- 
j^  gwein  to  school;  a  great  lungeous  lout  'e  is  I ' 

(4)  V.  a.,  ohsoU.  to  mix  or  knead  up  in  a  hurry :  as  of  bread  or 
dumpling. — ^Pulvkrbatch.  *We  bin  gettin'  short  o' bread,  I  see; 
I  mun  diwl  up  a  pot-cake  for  tay,  an'  tne  men  can  'a  cake  an'  drink 
fur  thar  supper.'    01  Blunge. 

DOWLEB,  sh.y  ohsoU.  a  cake  or  dumpling  made  in  a  hurry. — Ibid, 
'  Look  sharp  an'  mak*  a  bit  of  a  dowler  to  'elp  out  the  men's  diimers.' 

DOWH-FALL  [dounfaulj,  ah.  a  fall  of  rain,  hail,  or  snow.     Conu 

*  It's  despert  coud ;  we  sna'n  a  a  doum-fdll  afore  lung.' 

SOWHY  [douni'],  adj.,  ah  crafty.     Com.     *  A  downy  trick.' 

BBAO  [dr'ag*],  ah.  a  timber  bar  used  for  drawing  timber  out  of 

*  workings.*— Collibby;  M.  T. 

BSAGOEB  [dr'ag-ur'l,  ah,  advantage;  start — Oswbstrt.  Dragger 
is  a  term  used  by  boys  when  nmning  a  race :  the  known  good 
runners  give  the  inferior  ones  a  '  start,'  yarying  in  distance  aocoraing 
to  their  powers ;  this  they  call  giving  dragger ^  a  simple  mode  of  what 
racing  men  would  term  '  handicapping.' 

A  writer,  Edeimion,  in  Byeg<me$,  March  4th,  1874,  p.  29,  says, 
'  I  femcy  the  word  dnigger  is  confined  to  the  Weh^  border,  and  I  take 
it  to  be  a  corruption  of  the  Welsh  word  rhagor.  Ehag  =  before ; 
difference;  precedence,  with  tiie  termination  '*or."  Suppose  one 
Welsh  boy  challenging  another  to  a  race,  and  the  following  dialogue 
to  ensue :  *'  A  redi  di  r&s  hefo  fi P "  '*  Gwnaf,  feint  o  rctgor  a  gaf  n P* 
«  Wei  cymer  haner  can  llath."  This  would  be  exactly  synonymous 
with  the  term  drcLgger  as  used  by  Oswestry  boys.' 

PBAOOH'S-BLOOD,  eib.   Geranium  Eohertianum,  Herb  Bobert — 

PXJLVEaBATCH. 

BRAnr  [dr'een'  and  dr'ih'n],  ah.  a  large,  deep,  wide,  open  ditch 
for  draining  the  Wealdmoors. — ^Newport.  A  gutter  is  a  small, 
narrow  ditch  for  the  same  purpose.    Gf.  Diclie,  also  Sough  (1). 

SBAW  [drau'],  (1)  v.  a.  to  tak^  bread  out  of  the  oven.  Conu 
'  Han  *ee  drawed  ttxe  bread  P ' 

'  Draw  the  Bread  when  it  is  well  Baken ;  then  it  is  taken  out  of  the 
Oven.' — Academy  of  Armory ,  Bk.  m.  ch.  iiL  p.  86. 

*  Drawe  forthe  owte  of  >e  ovyne.    Effumo.' — Prompt,  Parv, 

(2)  V,  a,  to  take  cattle  out  of  meadow-^d  that  the  grass  may  erow 
for  nay. — ^Pulvebbatch.  'Yo'  mun  see  to  the  'edges  round  mem 
meadows,  they  mun  be  drav;ed  an'  dressed  nex*  wUl'    See  Dress. 

(3)  V,  a,  to  let  off  water  from  wet  fields  bv  means  of  aids. — Glee 
Hills.    *  Han  'ee  drawed  them  aids  P '    See  Aid. 

BBAW-BOHE  [dr'au-boan  or  bwun],  ah,  the '  merry-thought '((^t^icZe^) 
of  a  fowl. — PnxvEBBATOH ;  WoBTHEN.  This  boue  gets  its  local  name 
of  draw-bone  from  the  custom  practised  by  young  people  of  dravnng 


OlidsSART  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC   125 

or  puUing  it  in  order  to  determine  which  of  them  will  be  soonest 
married.  The  bone,  held  at  each  extremity  by  two  persons,  is  pulled 
between  them  till  it  breaks ;  the  one  in  whose  hand  the  shorter  piece 
remains  wUl  be  the  first  to  enter  the  marriage  state,  but  the  other 
will  have  *  the  lungesi  cubbert  I ' 

DKAWnrO-KOAB,  8b.  same  as  Cnngit,  q.  y.— Collikbt  ;  M.  T. 
Cf.  Spout-road. 

DBAWT  [dr'aut'],  eh.  the  full  balancing  range  of  steelyards ;  that 
which  is  weighed  at  one  balance. — Pulyeabatch.  Qy.  com.  '  My 
stilyuds  55na  weigh  more  than  56  [lbs.]  at  a  drawtJ* 

SSAWT-HOBSE  [dr^aut*  aur's],  sh.  a  draught-horse,  i.  e,  a  waggon- 
horse.— Pxtlyebbatgh;  Bbidoi^obth. 

SBAWTS  [dr'auts*],  eb.  a  pair  of  dentist's  forceps. — ^Pulverbatch. 
Qy.  com.  *  The  las'  tuth  I  'ad  out  I  suffered  a  martidom ;  the  drawia 
shpt  twize,  an'  it  'ad  to  be  punched  out.'  *  Drawte  or  pidle.  TroctiM,' 
in  Prompt.  Parv.    See  Draht  in  Stbat, 

BBAT  [dr'ah-y],  sb.  a  squirrel's  nest. — ^Chuboh  Stretton*, 

<  The  nimble  squirrel  noting  here. 
Her  mossy  dray  that  makes.' 

Dbaytoits  Quest  of  Cynthia,  p.  626,  in  Nares. 

SEATTOV  SIRTT  PAIB»  eb.  The  fair  known  in  the  north  of 
Shropshire  by  thiB  name  is  a  long-established  cattle  fair,  held  at 
Market  Dra3^n  in  the  end  of  October.  The  bad  weather  usually 
preyaiUng  at  the  time  has  given  it  its  name.  Formerly  the  old- 
m^oned  farmers  of  the  district  were  much  exercised  in  uieir  minds 
if  their  winter  wheat  was  not  sown  by  the  Dirty  fair. 

DBEEP  [dr'eep'],  v.  n.,  var.  pr.  to  drip. — Shbewsburt. 

BBEVCH  [dr^en'sh],  (1)  eb.  a  draught  or  potion  for  horses  or  cattle. 
Com. 

'  DrencJies  ;  Drinks  or  Mashes  g^yen  to  Horses  to  cleanse  them.' — 
Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  HI.  ch.  iii.  p.  89. 

* if  the  sleepy  drench 

Of  that  forgetful  lake  benumb  not  stilL' 

ParadiM  Lost,  Bk.  11.  L  73. 
A.S.  drene,  a  drink ;  drench. 

{2^  V.  a.  to  administer  the  potion.    Com.    A.S.  drencan,  to  make  to 
drmk. 

SSEHCHnrCh-HOBir,  eb.  a  horn  into  which  the  drench  is  put,  as  a 
oonyenient  means  of  pouring  it  down  the  animal's  throat.  Com. 
'  Look  sharp  an'  &tch  the  drenchin'-om  out  o'  the  shad,  an'  'elp  mo 
to  drench  the  cow,  or  else  'er'll  be  4ied.'    A.S.  drenc-hom. 

DBB8S  [dr'es'1,  t;.  a.  Applied  to  meadows,  this  term  signifies  to  break 
and  scatter  the  dung  upon  them ;  to  pick  off  stones,  sticks,  &c.  See 
Draw  (2). 

SBESSEL,  DRESSEB  rdr'es-el],  Shbewsbubt,  Ufflngton.  [dr^esnurH, 
Com.  (1)  eb.,  obeoU.  an  old-&8hioned  piece  of  kitchen  furniture,  oondst* 
ing  of  a  long,  narrow  table,  haying  a  row  of  drawers  to  the  ^nt,  and 


126  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

Buimounted  by  a  high  range  of  shelyee  for  diflhes :  the  sidee  of  this, 
reaching  abont  half  way  to  the  top,  are  enclosed  and  made  into  a 
cupboard  for  smaller  pieces  of  crockery.  A  dres9er  of  this  kind  and 
a  tall  dock  wore  formerly  considered  quite  indispensable  to  'tidy' 
Tonng  people  about  to  begin  housekeeping.  *  Aye,  it  begins  to  look 
like  marr'in'  w*en  the  clock  an'  dresser^*  bought;  I  s'pose  the  nex' 
thing  561  be  the  axin's.*    Fr,  dressoir,  a  side-b^urd. 

DBES8EB,  (2)  sh.  an  implement  which  combines  hammer  and  ^pick ;' 
being  a  hammer  at  one  end,  and  very  sharp,  like  a  '  pick'  at  the 
other :  strong  iron  clamps  secure  it  to  the  handle.  It  is  used  for 
setting  props  and  general  heavy  work. — Collieby  ;  M.  T. 

SBSTEH  [dr^evn],  sh,  a  person  or  thing  in  a  state  or  condition  of 
dirt. — ^Wem.  *  Look  at  that  child,  whad  a  drevm  'er  is !  'er  mus*  a 
bin  i'  the  slurry.' 

DRIBBLE  [dr'ib'l],  (1)  v.  n.  to  ndn  slowly;  to  fall  in  drops. — 
Shsewsbury;  PuiiYESBATOH.    Qy.  com. 

(2)  V.  n.  to  do  anything  in  a  feeble  kind  of  way. — Shbewsbuby  ; 
Atcham  ;  Ellesmebe.    Qy.  com.    '  Now,  Sarah,  if  yo'  bin  gwein  to 

*   milk  the  cow,  milk  'er,  an'  dunna  dribble  at  *er.' 

(3)  V.  a.  to  let  fall  drop  by  drop ;  to  leak. — Shbewsbttby  ;  Pulveb- 
BATCH.  Qy.  com.  '  The  rayn-tub^  lost  a  *oop,  an's  dribUin*  all  the 
waiter  out 

' ton  thousand  casks, 

For  eyer  dribbling  out  their  base  contents.' 

Oowpeb,  The  Task,  Bk.  IV.  L  605. 

(4)  V.  a,  to  deal  out  in  very  small  quantitiea — Atohah  ;  Wem  ; 
Ellesmebe.  '  Dunna  dribble  the  barley  out  athatns — ^gie  me  a  good 
feed  for  the  fowl  at  wunst' 

DBIBLETS  [dr'ib'li'ts],  sb,  pi,  veiy  small  quantities. — ^Atchak; 

Wem. 
DBIBLIHOS  [dr'ib'linz],  idem. — Ellesmebe. 


beginnin'  to  shew  in  *er  for'yed.'    (2) 
i'  the  child's  shirt  as  wuz  'urtin'  'im  made  'im  so  fretchit.' 

DBIFT-HOTTSE  [dr'if -t  u'sl,  sb.  the  lofty  covered  way  out  of  a  farm- 
yard under  which  a  loadoa  waggon  can  be  drawn. — ^Wem.    Qy.  com. 

DBIFT-WAT.    The  same. 

BBIV K,  sb.  ale.  Com.  *  Whad  sort  o'  drink  dun  they  keep  at  that 
public  P '  '  Well,  nuthin'  to  brag  on ;  it  wunna  much  beUer  than 
fresh-drink  the  las'  time  as  I  wuz  theer.'  Very  strong  old  *  October* 
ale  is  called  beer  ;  '  old  6eer,'  '  harvest  beer,^     See  Fresh-drink. 

DBIHK-HEAT  [dr'ing'k  mait],  sb.  ale  boiled,  thickened  with  oat- 
meal, and  spiced. — Pulvebbatch.  Qy.  com.  '  The  cowman's  got  a 
despert  bad  coud ;  Fll  mak'  'im  a  stodger  o'  drink-mate  fur  'is  supper, 
an'  gie  'im  a  good  swat.' 

DRIP  [dr^ip*],  V.  a.  to  take  the  last  milk  from  a  cow. — Newfobt; 
Wem  ;  Whitciittbch.    Cf.  Strip. 


OLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  127 

BBIPPnrO-BOWL,  Bb.  a  wooden  bowl  naed  to  drip  the  cows  into. 

—Ibid. 
SEIPPIHOS,  8b,  the  last  milk  drawn  from  a  cow. — Ibid,     Cf. 

Afterings,  also  Btrippings. 

BBIVE  A  HEAD,  phr,  to  effect  an  entrance  into  the  solid  stratum 
of  coal,  mineral,  &c. — Coluebt  ;  M.  T, 

DBODSOME  [dr'od'su'm],  adj.  dreadful ;  alarming.— Bridgnorth. 

DBOP  OUT,  V.  n.  to  quarrel ;  to  fall  out. — Pulverbatoh  ;  Clun  ; 
Wem.  '  If  that  shoot  o'  do'es  inna  done  a^n  the  club,  yo'  an'  me 
sha'n  drop  out.* 

DBOPPnrO-TIME,  8b.  a  showery  time.— Pulvkrbatoh  ;  Wklling- 
tok;  Wem. 

DEOUPEB'  [dr'oup-h'n],  part,  adj.,  obsola.  drooping. — Pulverbatoh  ; 
Ellesmere.  'Yore  cabbidge  plants  looken  rather  droupen,  John.' 
*  Aye,  they  want'n  a  drop  o*  rayn ;  but  they'n  prink  up  to  rt  night.' 

'  But  true  it  is  that,  when  the  oyle  is  spent, 
The  light  goes  out,  and  weeke  is  throwne  away : 
So,  when  he  had  resignd  his  regiment, 
His  daughter  gan  despise  his  drouping  day, 
And  wecuie  wax  of  his  continuall  stay.' 

Spenser,  jP*.  Q.,  Bk.  n.  o.  z.  st  xzx* 

O.Icel.  drUpa^  droup  (droop). — Strat. 

BBOVIEB  [dr'oavyur'],  «6.,  var.jpr.  a  drover. — Pulverbatoh  ;  Wem. 
'  Who'd  a  thought  on  a  fine  camperin'  yoimg  fellow  like  that  comin' 
to  be  a  drovier  K* 

*  Robert  Mather  was  a  stranger  in  this  country  ;  hee  came  hither 
to  serve  Sir  Humphrey  Lea  as  his  Bayly.  Hee  was  a  person  very 
expert  in  bujing  and  selling  of  Catle,  and  had  a  oomnussion,  to  be 
one  of  the  King^a  purveyors,  which  was  an  office  to  buy  fatt  beasts 

for  the  King's  houshould These  purveyors  were  likewise 

drovyera,  who  bought  catle  in  this  country,  and  brought  them  into 
Kent  to  sell  again.' — Gouoifs  History  o/Myddle,  p.  74. 

S&ITDOEB  [dr'igair*],  «&.,  var.pr.  a  cook's  flour-dredger. — Shrews- 
bury; Pulverbatoh;  Graven  Arms;  Clun;  Wem. 

DEVKBLE  [dr'um'bl],  (I)  v.  n.,  obsoh.  to  be  sluggish ;  to  dawdle. 
— ^Pulverbatoh.  *  Come,  pluck  up  yore  fit,  an*  dunna  g65  drumblin' 
alung,  as  if  yo'  wun  'afe  asleep.' 

'Mrs.  Ford.  What,  John!  Eobert!  John  I  Gk>  take  up  these  clothes 
here  quickly.  Where's  the  cowl-staff  P  look,  how  you  drumUe/* — 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  III.  iii.  156. 

(2)  a&.,  obsols.  a  dull,  inactive  person.— /&fi.  '  The  poor  owd  men's 
aumust  done  now;  an'  'e  wuz  aTays  a  poor  drumble.* 

(3)  sb.f  obsols.  a  rough  wooded  dip  in  the  ground;  a  dingle. — 
Newport. 

DBXWBT-EOLE  [dr'um-bi'  oal],  sb.  same  as"  Dmmble  (3).— 
Ellesmere.  '  I  sot  to  g66  to  Lm^a'  to-neet,  an'  I  dunna  know  'ow 
to  pass  the  drunCoy^'ole  near  the  Cut  bridge,  fur  tiiey  sen  theer's 
frittenin  theer.'    Cf.  Dumble-hole. 


128  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

BBTTMHIL  [dr'umil],  (1)  ab.  a  worn-out  hoise. — ^Pulvebbatoh  ; 

WSLLIKOTOir. 

(2)  th,  a  dull,  sluggiflh  person. — ^Pulyerbatch.  'I  dmma  know 
Vich  is  best,  mon  or  'orse,  fur  they  bin  b5ath  poor  drtunmiUJ  Cf. 
Droinble  (2),  also  Seffel. 

DBXrMMuiO  [dr'umin],  ab.  a  sound  beating.    Com. 

DBTJV  [dr'uv],  pret  and  part,  past,  drove ;  driven.  Com.  *  I  'ear 
Medlicott*8  lost  the  cow  'e  bought  at  the  feu-,  an'  I  dunna  55nder  at  it ; 
'er  milk  'ad  bin  pounded  so  lung,  an'  'er  wuz  o'er-c^uv,  an'  it  brought 
on  the  milk  fiEuver.'    See  Bid  (1). 

DBT  [dr'ei'l,  (1)  adj.  thirsty.     Com.     'Weer^n'ee  got  the  bottle, 
.    lads  r  fur  rm  as  dry  as  a  ragman's  'prentice.'    *  Be'appen  yo'n  'ad  a 
red  yurrin  fur  yore  dinner.' 

'  And  now  my  conclusion  FU  tell, 
For,  faith,  I'm  confoundedly  dry.* 

BoBEBT  BiTBNS,  PoemM^  p.  50, 1.  26. 

(2)  adj.  having  no  milk :  said  of  cows.    Com. 

(3)  V.  a.  to  cause  a  cow  to  lose  her  milk ;  to  disperse  it  medicinally. 
Com.  '  Tve  done  gwel'n  to  market  now ;  ^e  Maister's  drenched  six  o' 
tiie  cows  to  dry  'em  fur  feedin'.' 

'  Leaue  milking  and  drie  vp  old  muUey  thy  cow, 
The  crooked  and  aged,  to  fatting  put  now.' 
Txtbseb'b  Fiue  Hundred  Pointer  of  Good  ffwhandrie  [Augpist]. 

DTTBBDf  [dub*in],  sh.  soft  grease,  such  as  is  produced  from  the 
boiHng  of  tripe :  it  is  used  for  the  purpose  of  softening  and  preserving 
strong  leather. — Shkewsbitey;  I^ulverbatoh  ;  Wem.  Qy.  com. 
*Maister,  we'n  got  no  dtibbin  for  the  gears;  mux^  I  do  'em  66th 
g66ze-ile  P '  f 

DITBBnr  SHEAB8,  eh.  shears  used  to  trim  closely-cropped  hedges.       J 

— ^WHrrOHXTBCH. 

STJBBIT  [dub-rt],  adj.  blunt ;  dull ;  *  a  dubbit  axe.'— Wbm. 

DTTBOTTS  [joo-bus],  (1)  adj,,  var.  pr.  dubious;  doubtful)  not  very 
sure. — Shbewsbury;  Pulvebbatch;  Wem.  Qy.  com.  'Aye,  I 
'ear  they  bin  gwein  into  business,  but  I'm  rather  juhouB  Vether  it  11 
answer.     An  undecided  person  is  said  to  be  'yu&oua-minded.' 

(2)  adj.^  pec.  suspicious. — Pxtlverbatoh.  .*I  dunna  like  to  '&ve 
anythin'  to  do  66th  that  66man,  'er^s  of  sich  VLJubous  turn ;  'er  thinks 
everybody's  robbin'  'er.' 

DTTCK'S-FBOST,  sb.  a  slight  frost.— Cleb  Hills.  Cf.  Ketoh  o' 
Frost. 

DUFF  [duff-],  (1)  «6.,  var.  pr.  dough.  Com.  *  As  busy  as  a  dog  in 
duff'  IS  a  proverbial  saying  heard  in  some  parts  of  Shropshire. 

(2)  sh.  the  stomach. — ^Ludlow.  '  *£  t66k  me  duf,*  said  a  man  in 
evidence  at  a  police  court.  On  being  asked  to  ezphun,  he  said,  '  *E  'it 
me  i'  the  stomach.'     Cf.  Nanny. 

SXJKBLE-HOLE  [dum*bl  oal],  sh,  a  pit-fall ;  a  dangerous  hollow. — 


'I 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC   AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.    129 

PuLVEBBATcn.    '  Thee'st  better  mind  them  dumUe-oles ;  ifs  a  comical 
road,  Surrey.'    Cf.  Drumby-hole. 

BXnrCE-HOLE  [dun-8  oal],  sb,  same  as  Bing  (1). — Wellington  ; 
Wem.  *  Yo'd'ii  better  get  the  dunce-^ole  diered  out ;  we  sha'n  want 
it  w'en  we  throehen  to-morrow.' 

DXTHCHED  [dun-sbt],  part,  adj.,  obs.  knocked ;  bruised. — Wobthbn. 
*  Look,  'ow  that  drawer's  dunched  ;  that  wimna  done  by  no  far  manes.*' 
*  Dunehyn*  or  bunchyn'.     Tundo,* — Prompt  Farv, 
Dan.  dunke ;  Swed.  dunha^  dimch ;  *  tundere.' — Stbat. 

BTJH  EABTH,  ab.  a  stratum  of  earth,  said  to  be  so  called  from  its 
colour. — COLUBBY,  Donninffton  ;  M.  T. 

BUN OEVIL  [dungh'vi'l],  sb.  a  garden-fork. — Cbaven  Abms ;  Cobye 
Dale.    Cf.  Bhsrevil. 

BTJH-ITETTLE  [dun-net-'l],  sb.  Labium  purpiireum,  red  Dead-nettle. 
— ^Cbaven  Abms,  Stokesay,    Of.  French-nettle.    See  Tormentil. 

BTTHBUK  [dun-u'k],  «fe.  a  dung-fork. — Shbewsbubt.  A  corruption 
of  dung-hook.    Cf.  xummy-swk. 

BUJIJIY  [dun'i*],  adj.  hard  of  hearing,  and  stupid,  as  a  consequence. 
— Pulyebbatch  ;  Clttn  ;  Clee  Hills.  *  Wy,  Dick,  thee  bist  as 
dunny  as  a  pwust!  Fye  'ooted  till  they  coulden  'a  'card  me  at 
Churton.' 

BTJBOY  [dur'-gi'],  adj.  dwarfish. — Pulvkbbatch.  Generally  used  in 
a  contemptuous  way.  '  Dun  yo'  think  as  I'm  gwem  to  be  bate  by  a 
durgy  chap  like  that  ? '    A.S.  dweorg,  a  dwarf.     Cf.  Banks. 

BTJTCH  [duch'],  adj.  fine,  affected,   in   language. — Shrbwsbuby; 

PuLVEBBATCH  ;  Wem  ;  Whitchubch.     *  Sally's  got  so  mighty  Dutch 

sence  'er's  gwun  to  the  paas'n's,  'er  dunna  know  ow  to  tidk  to  poor  . 

folk.'    *  'E  talks  as  Dutch  as  Damford's  dog : '  proverbial  saying  heard 

in  the  neighbourhood  of  Whitchurch. 

*  Duich    =.  DetiUch  =  Oemian.    Compare  the  following: — 

'  The  word  Dutch  is  an  adjective  signifying  national,  and  was  the 

name  by  which  the  old  Teutons  called  Uiemselves,  in  contradistinction 

to  other  people  whose  language  they  were  unable  to  understand.' — 

Db.  Mobbis  S  Historicai  English  Orammar,  p.  4. 

BTJZZT  [duz-i'],  adj.  deafish;  stupid;  confused. — Whitchubch. 
(1)  *'B's  lother  duzzy ;  'e  doesna'ear  very  well.'  (2)  'I'm  mighty 
duzzy  this  momin'.'    Duzzy  =  dizzy.     A.S.  dysig.    Cf.  Bunny. 

BwinBEBEB  [dwin'dur'd],  part.  adj.  wasted  in  appearance. — 
Wem.  *  Dear  'eart  alive  I  'ow  bad  an'  dtvindered  'er  looks  sence  I 
seed  'er.'    See  below. 

BWlUJfi  [dwein,  corr.  dwah-yn],  v.  n.  to  waste  away  :  chiefly  used  in 
the  participial  form,  dwining,  but  not  common. — Newpobt. 

'  but  duelfuUi  sche  dwined  a-waie  '  bo>e  dayes  &  ni^tes, 
ft  al  hire  clere  colour  '  comsed  for  to  fade.' 

William  of  Palerne^  1.  578. 

A.S.  dwinan ;   O.Dutch  dtmnen ;    O.Icel.  dwinn,  dwine;    waste. — 
Stbat.    Ber.  *dwindered.' 

K 


130  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

XAO.  See  Ag^.  *Wj  'ow  can  I  blame  the  lad  w'en  yo'  bin 
al'ays  eaggin  'im  on  ?  * 

EAR-APPABV  [ee-hV  ap'or'n],  ab.  an  apron  tamed  np  at  about 
half  its  lene^  and  stitched  at  the  sides,  thus  forming  a  pocket,  into 
which  the  gleaner  puts  the  short  ears  of  oom  as  she  gathers  them. — 

ET.T.KhlfRRK. 

EAS-BAO,  same  as  Ear-appam. — Pulvsrbatch.  '  Theer  wuz  prettj 
pickin'  i*  the  Mare^-fild,  I  got  fiye  'antle  an'  my  ear-bag  swag  full ; 
theer's  a  sight  o*  short  ears—the  straw's  so  despert  brickie.' 

EAK-BRAT,  sb.  a  child's  pinafore  sewed  up  in  the  same  way  and 
for  the  same  purpose  as  the  Ear-appam,  above. — ^Ellssmebe. 

EABJTEST  [yaaVnist],  «&.,  obsols.  deposit  money  given  to  bind  a 
bargain,  as  on  hiring  a  servant — Pxtlverbatch.  Qy.  com.  '  Jack, 
I  thought  yo'  wun  'ired  at  the  Bonk.'  '  Aye,  so  I  wuz,  but  I  send  my 
yameet  back ;  they  bin  too  yarly  for  me,  they  wanten  the  night  as 
well  as  the  day.' 

*  .  .  .  and  from  his  coffers 
Received  the  golden  earnut  of  our  death.' 

K.  Henry  F.,  IL  ii  168. 

'This  simple  token  or  poore  eameti  peanie.' — BibL  EHoUb^  1559 
ded.,  in  EUi*. 
W.  emea.    Cf.  AmeM. 

•RAfl'RirKWT  [ai'zmunt],  sb.  ease;  relief. — Shbbwsburt;  Pulvsr- 
batch ;  LxTDLOW.  Qy.  com.  '  It's  a  great  aisement  to  my  mind  as 
the  Maister's  got  that  com  lugged  at  last.' 

'  ...  &  so  for  esement  of  a  man  himsUf,  &  for  esement  of  his  nei^- 
bour,  it  is  not  expressid  in  holi  scripture  l^at  a  man  schulde  singe.  & 
^it  goddis  forbode,  but  l^at,  into  esement  of  him-silf  ft  also  of  his 
neiibour,  a  man  mai  singe,  pleie,  &  lau^e  vertuoseli,  ft  ^rfore  mery- 
tonli'— Ebqinald  Pecock,  The  Repreuor  (a.d.  1449,  circa).  Spedm, 
Eng.  Lit,  v.  a.  IL  76—78. 


EABIV OS  [ee'zinz],  same  as  Aisin,  q.  v. — Wbu. 

*  The  out  sides  of  an  House  .  .  .  The  Eaves  or  EaseingBj — Academy 
of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  xii.  p.  451. 

Saves  =  O.E.  yfes,  e/ese  ^  margin,  edge. 

'  We  sometimes  find  e«en-droppers  =  eaves-droppers ;  eaen  z=  O.E. 
efeaeny  eaves.' — ^Dr.  Morris's  Historical  English  Accidence,  p.  100. 

EASnrOS-SPABBOW,  same  as  Aisin-sparrow,  q.  v.,  of  which  it  is 
a  more  refined  pronunciation. 

EAST  HELCBXD  [aizi'  mel-sht],  part,  adj.,  obsols,  f  said  of  a  cow 
that  yields  her  milk  easily. — Pttlverbatch.  '  I  like  to  milk  Daisy, 
'er's  so  aisy  melched,  an'  gi'es  aumust  a  cantle  o'  milk.'  Of.  Soft 
melched. 

EBB  [eb'],  adj.  shallow;  near  the  surface.  Com.  'Will  this  dish 
do  to  m^e  the  lite  hock  pie  in  P '  *  No,  it's  too  ebb  ;  we  sha'n  be  'ftvin' 
the  jessup  runnin'  ull  under  the  bread  i'  the  oven.' 

•  1794,  Nov*.  1 — Sowed  what  they  have  plowed  these  2  dayes.    I 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   131 

am  oonTinced  that  it  is  too  ebb  ploVd.  Will  tells  me  it's  deep  enough 
for  any  plowing.' — BailijjT*  Diary,  Aston,  Oswestry.  Byegonea,  1877, 
p.  342. 

*  Nothing  **  ebbs,"  unless  it  be  figuratively,  except  water  now ;  but 
**  ebb,"  oftener  an  ac^'ective  than  anything  else,  was  continually  used 
in  our  earlier  English  with  a  general  meaning  of  shi^ow.  There  is 
still  a  Lancashire  proverb,  **  Cross  the  stream  where  it  is  ebbest.*^ 

<  «  This  you  may  observe  ordinarily  in  stones,  that  those  parts  and 
sides  which  lie  covered  deeper  within  the  groimd  be  more  firm  and 
tender,  as  being  preserved  oy  heat,  than  those  outward  faces  which 
lie  ebb,  or  above  the  earth." ' — ^Holland,  PluiarcKs  Morals,  p.  747. 

'"It  is  all  one  whether  I  be  drowned  in  the  ebber  shore,  or  in 
the  midst  of  the  deep  sea."  Bishop  Hall,  Meditations  and  Vows, 
cent  ii'— Abohbp.  Tbxstoh,  SeUct  Glossary,  p.  67. 

BCALL  [ek*ul],  ah.  OSeintts  vlridis  ;  the  Green  Woodpecker. — Clbb 
Hills.    Drayton  calls  this  bird  'the  laughing  Jiecco.*    Folyolbion, 

xiii.  p.  915.    G£  Laughing  bird,  also  Yockel. 

^^  • 

EDDISH  [edish],  sb.  the  after-growth  of  clover. — Pulvbrbatch. 
Qy.  com.  Cattle  are  liable  to  iigurious  distension  from  eating  eddish, 
*  The  young  beas  han  broke  into  the  clover  eddish — ^run  for  yore  life ; 
we  sha'n  '&ve  'em  sweUed  as  big  as  'ogshits ' Jliogsheads].  See  Way's 
note  (1)  in  Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  135;  a&o  E.  D.  £,  B.  xv.  A.S.  edisc, 
aftermath.    Of.  Edgrow. 

EDOE  [ej '],  sb.  the  ridge  of  a  hill.  As  a  compound  form  this  term  is 
often  met  with  throughout  the  county ;  as  Wenlock-i^d'^e,  Benthall- 
Edge,  Yeo  [View]  -Edge,  &c. 

EDO£-0'-VEET,  sb.  twilight ;  night-fall. — ^Wbh.     See  below. 


EDOBOW  [ed'gr^oaj,  sb.  a  second  crop  of  grass  after  the  hay-crop. — 
PuLVBEBATCH ;  Wem;  Ellesmbbb;  Oswbstbt. 

*  Becidiva,  ed-growung.' — Archbp.  jEl/ru^s  Vocabulary,  x.  cent.,  in 
Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i  p.  39. 

Edgrow,  greese  (edgraw,  herbe,  E.  ete  growe,  greese,  H.  P.). 
Bigermen,  regermen, 

•  The  Medulla  explains  bigermen  to  be  the  mixed  grain  called  in 
the  Promptarium  IfESTLYONE,  but  it  seems  here  to  siniiffr  after- 
mss,  or  after-math,  still  called  edgrow  in  some  parts  of  England.' — 
Prompt,  Parv,  and  Notes. 

Cf .  Eddish,  also  After-math. 

EDWABD  [yed-ur't],  Com.  [[yed'ud],  Bmdonobth.    [yed'ut],  Clun. 
[yedh'ur'tj,  Whitchubch. 

'  E  before  a  vowel  at  the  beginning  of  words,  as  Eadweard,  Eoforwic, 
was  dearly  sounded  like  y  or  the  High-Dutch  y.  Thus  we  stiu  write 
York;  and  Yedward  is  foimd  in  Shakespeare^  [1  K.  Henrif  IV.,  I.  iL 
140] ;  and  Earl  is  in  Scotland  sounded  lerl,  like  the  Danish  JarV — 
Fbsemak'b  Old  English  History,  p.  xviiL 

K  2 


13*2  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

EECLE  [ee'k'l],  sh.  an  icicle.  —  Shrewsbury;  Pulvkrbatch; 
WoRTHEN ;  Clun.  *  It's  bin  a  snirpin*  fros*  sence  it  lef  off  rainin' ; 
theer*8  eecles  at  the  aifiins  a  yard  lung.'  *  Ikyl  (iekyll,  W.),  SnVia.'— 
Prompt.  Farv.  •  A.S.  ises-jicel,  glacialis  $Uria,m  Way.  Cf.  Aigles  (3). 

EEO.     See  Agg. 
EEL.     See  Ale. 

EGO,  V.  a.  to  incite ;  to  provoke. — Wem. 

* bumee  be  sent 

enuiously  to  )>emperour  '  &  egged  him  swi>e 
bi  a  oertayne  day  '  bataile  to  a-bide.' 

William  of  Paltrne,  L  1130 

'  Adam  and  Eue  *  he  eaged  to  ille, 
Oonaeilled  caym  *  to  kullen  his  brother.' 

Piers  PI,  Text  B.,  pass.  I  L  65. 

'  HI  egging  makes  ill  begging.' — Bat's  Proverbs,  p.  101. 

A.S.  eggian,  to  egg;  to  excite.    Cf.  Agg. 

EGOS-AFB-BACOH',  sb.  Narcissus  incomparibilis  bicoloratce,  — 
Ellbsmebe. 

EH,  00B1E8 !  [ai'goniz],  interj.  a  corrupted  form  of  Romish  oath  = 
'  o^ontca.*— Colliery  ;  Newport. 

ELDED  [eldi'd],  part. past,,  var. pr.  ailed. — Pulvbrbatch ;  Clun. 
'I  'ad  the  Club  Doctor  to  'im,  but  'e  didna  seem  to  know  whad  elded 
'im,  so  I  'suaded  'im  to  g6d  to  the  Firmary,  an'  they  maden  a  cure  on 
'im  direc'ly.'    See  Elding,  below. 

ELDER  [el'dnr^],  sb.  the  udder  of  a  cow,  mare,  or  other  large  animal 
Com.  '  The  mar*  ninted  alung  t6ert  wham  at  a  pretty  rate ;  'er  wuz 
glad  to  see  the  cowt,  for  'er  elder  wuz  as  'ard  as  a  stwun.' 

ELDEB-WIEE  [el'dur'  wein'd],  sh  wine  made  from  elder-berries. 
Com.  *  I  made  a  spigot-stean  o'  elder^winde  las'  'ear,  an'  fund  it  very 
useful— the  Maister's  so  subject  to  ketch  cowds ;  an'  I  mull  a  good 
joram  fur  'im,  an'  piit  'is  fit  in  warm  waiter,  an'  'e's  as  right  as  a 
triyit  i'  the  mornin'.' 

ELDnrO,  part,  pres.,  var.  pr.  ailing. — Pulverbatch.  *  So  poor  owd 
Molly's  ended  up  at  last,  as  one  met  say,  for  'er's  bin  eldin'  a  Itmg 
wilde.' 

ELDEAKE  [eldr'aik],  same  as  Ell-rake,  q.  v. — Newport. 

ELLKBTT  [el'ur'n],  sb.  SamMcus  nigra,  the  Elder. — Clun  ;  Corve 
Dale. 

*  ludas  he  lapede  *  with  {je  lewee  seluer. 
And  on  an  Ellerne  tree  *  hongede  him  after.' 

Piers  PI,  Text  A.,  pass.  L  L  66. 

Hyldyr,  or  eld3nr  (hillemtre,  K  ellemetre,  Harl.  MS.  2274;  ellome 
tre,  v.),  Sambucus. 

'  It  was  supposed  that  Judas  hanged  himself  upon  an  Elder  tree, 
and  Sir  John  Maundoyille,  who  wrote  in  1356,  speaks  of  the  tree  as 
being  still  shewn  at  Jerusalem.     Voiage,  p.  112.* — Prompt.  Parv.  and 

Not4S. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   133 

SambticiMj  suey,  tllame;  occurs  in  a  Vocabulary  of  the  Names  of 
TlanU,  of  the  middle  of  ziii.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs^,  yoL  i.  p.  140. 

ELLFIT  [el'fit],  sb,,  obsols,  the  crested  foam  on.  alQ  when  fermenting 
in  open  vessels. — Pulvebbatgh^  'I  think  we  sha'n  be  lucky  in 
'Hyiir  plenty  o*  barm  this  time— theer's  a  beautiful  ellJU,*  It  seems 
probable  that  the  cUe-vat  or  fat,  from  haying  held  the  drink  while 
fermenting,  has  giyen  its  name  in  a  corrupted  £orm  to  the  result  of 
the  fermentation  itselt 

ELL-BAKE  [el'r'aik],  «5.  a  large  rake  with  long  iron  teeth  used  in 
clearing  the  field.— tPulyerbatoh.  Qy.  com.  ^Theer*!!  be  mighty 
little  lef  fax  the  laisers ;  they'n  bin  draggin'  that  ell-rake  oyer  sence 
daylight,  yery  different  to  the  poor  owd  Maister — ^'e  never  'ad  it  raked 
but  jest  after  the  waggin.*  The  eU-rake  follows  at  the  heel  of  the 
person  using  it,  and  may  therefore  be  a  corrupted  form  of  heel-rake, 
the  h  being  an  absent  element  of  the  word.    Gi.  Eldrake,  above. 

EM  [em*]y  pers,  pron,  them.  Com.  Em  is  not  a  contraction  of 
them,  though  usually  printed  as  if  it  were— 'em — ^but  it  represents  the 
old  Jiecm,  hem, 

'  But  criste  kingene  kynge  *  knitted  ten, 
Oherubyn  and  seraphin  *  such  seuene  and  an-othre, 
And  ^ai  hetm  my3te  m  his  maieste  *  l^e  muryer  hem  >0U3te ; 
And  ouer  his  mene  meyne  *  made  hem  archangeles, 
Tau^te  hem  bi  )>e  Trinitee  *  treuthe  to  knowe. 
To  be  buxome  at  his  biddyng  *  he  bad  hem  nou^te  elles.' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  i.  H  107—110. 

'  Pros,  Being  once  perfected  how  to  grant  suits. 
How  to  deny  mem,  who  to  advance,  and  who 
To  trash  for  overtopping,  new  created 
The  creatures  that  were  mine,  I  say,  or  changed  'em, 

Or  else  new  form'd  'em ' 

Tempest,  L  ii.  82,  83. 

Mr.  Oliphant  says  that,  *  in  the  Bushworth  Gospels,  the  English 
version  of  which  is  dated  by  Wanley  at  A.D.  900  or  thereabouts,  we 
find  in  S.  Matt.  iL  4  Aeom  employed  for  hig,  just  as  we  say  in  talking, 
**  1  asked  'em"*  And  a^in,  speaking^  of  the  changes  which  were 
taking  place  in  the  English  language  about  A.D.  1120,  he  says,  '  The 
Old  English  heora  and  him  now  change  into  Aere  and  hem.  This  last 
we  still  use  in  phrases  like,  **gtve  it  'em  well ; "  and  this  Dative  Plural 
drove  out  the  old  Accusative  hi,* — Sources  of  Standard  English,  pp. 
42,  44,  58. 


[eem],  adj,  near;  direct.  Com.  *Yo'  bin  gooin  a  mighty 
lung  way  round;  cross  them  filds,  it's  the  emest  road  a  power.' 
Erne,  regularly  declined  in  every  decree,  obtains  throughout  the 
county,b  ut  is  in  most  general  use  in  the  northern  parte,  whereat  is 
constantly  heard.  A.o.  anemn  =  anefen  =  onefen  =  on-eme.  C£ 
Anunst  =  anemn  =  anefen  =  on-eme-s  +  t  (excrescent).  Of. 
Ghiin  (1). 

EKPASSY  ON,  sb,  the  symbol  &  =  and.     Com.     Empa8»y  on  is  a 
corruption  of  and  per  se.    The  s3naibol  &  expresses  and  by  itself  (».  e. 


134  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

in  a  single  sign),  and  "was  read  as  '  and  per  »e;  *  it  originally  meant 

et,  and  is  merely  6)t9  written  with  one  stroke  of  the  pen.  Compare 
&o.  =  et  caetera  =  and  the  rest. 

'The  letters  A,  O  sometimes  meant  words,  yiz.  the  words  "a"  or 
"  oh ! "  They  were  then  called  A-per-$e-A  and  O-perse-O,  or  simply 
A-per-M,  &c.  "A-per-M'*  also  meant  "excellent."' — Romance  of 
Parimay,  1148. 

See  Grammar  Outlined  {alphshe^, 

EHD  [en*d],  v.  a.  to  kill ;  to  pat  an  end  to.  Com.  '  Why  dunna 
yo'  end  the  poor  thing  out  on  its  misery  P ' 

*  For  ho  so  wone|>  in  Hs  word  '  &  wol  nouhftj  y-knowe 
pat  him  is  domed  to  deie  *  &  doom  schal  abide, 
Hit  is  riht  )>at  ^e  rink  *  be  reufuUy  tnded,^ 

Alexander  and  DindimuB,  L  1062. 

'  Doug,  The  Lord  of  Staflbrd  dear  to-day  hath  bought 
Thy  likeness,  for  instead  of  thee,  King  Harry, 
This  sword  hath  ended  him.' — 1  K,  Henry  Iv,,  V.  iiL  9. 

A.S.  endian,  to  end. 

EHDWATS-OH,  adv.  endways^  Le.  with  the  end  abutting  upon, 
as,  '  the  house  standing  endwayS'On  to  the  street.' — ^Newfobt. 

ENEMT  [enm'mi'l,  «&.,  oheois^an  insect. — Pulvbrbatch.  'Theer's 
a  enemy  o'  the  child^s  night-gownd  I '  '  Whad  a  good  job  yo*  sid'n  it 
afore  'e  went  to  bed! ' 

EUTMES  [ernni'z],  sh.  pi,  obsols.  enemies. — Sbrewbburt,  Uffington, 
It  is  interesting  to  find  this  old  form,  which  is  found  in  the  writings 
of  the  blind  monk  of  Haughmond,  still  [1878]  lingering  amongst  the 
aged  folk  who  liye  imder  the  shelter  of  Haughmond  HuL 

^  O  Jhesu,  so  I  the  beeeche, 
By^t  withi  her  f ulli  speche 

Thou  graunt  m3m  enmes  grace. 
Here  mysdedis  here  to  mende 
Out  of  this  word  or  thai  wynde 
Fader,  thou  ^ham  space.' 

John  Atjdelat's  Poems,  p.  62. 

EBCLE  [ur'-kl],  sib,  a  watery  blister. — Pulvbrbatch.  *  Our  John's 
^t  a  despert  bad  leg ;  theer  come  a  little  erde  on  it,  an'  'e  scrat  it,  an' 
it  turned  to  the  ^sipelas,  an'  it's  swelled  as  big  as  my  middle '  [waist]. 

EBRTJ  [aer'-i'n],  eh.,  var.  pr,  urine.  Com.  An  old  man  at  Build- 
was,  working  in  a  garden  under  the  superintendence  of  a  young 
mistress,  obseryed  of  a  certain  plant  that  '  it  66d  be  better  fur  some 
errin.*  *  Bed-herring  or  fresh  ? '  naYvely  asked  the  lady.  *  Wy  n^erun. 
Miss,'  replied  the  man  with  some  emphasis ;  '  errin  sich  as  yo'  an'  me 
maken.' 

EBBIWIO  [aer'-i'wigl,  sb,  an  earwig. — Shrewsbury  ;  PuLyBRBATCH. 
Qy.  com.  '  Looks  lite  a  throttled  erriwig '  is  proyerbially  said  of  one 
who  has  a  startled  appearance.    Of.  Arrawig. 

ES-HOOK  [es'uk],  eh,  a  hook  at  the  extremity  of  a  wa^n-hoise's 
traces,  in  the  form  of  the  letter  S.  A  hook  of  this  kind  is  also  used 
to  unite  the  two  ends  of  a  broken  chain.    Ck>m. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   135 


on  my  inion  bed.' 

<  EssB,  Ashes.  Chesh,  Sheer  the  EssB,  t .  e.  separate  the  dead  Ashes 
from  the  Embers.     Cheah,' — Bailbt,  ed.  1782.     A.S.  cesce,  ashes. 

ESS-BALLS,  sb.  pL,  obs.  balls  made  of  the  ashes  of  wood  or  fern 
damped  with  water;  they  were  afterwards  sun-dried. — Pulvee- 
BATCH.  Qy.  com.  These  balls  were  used  for  making  *  huck-lee,^  q.  y. 
^  Molly,  put  a  couple  o'  them  eu-haUa  i'  the  furnace  an'  fill  it  up  66th 
waiter  fmr  the  lee,  an'  mak'  'aste  to  yore  V^l,  or  that  slippin'  66nna 
be  done  to-day/  EsB-halla  were  sold  in  Shrewsbury  market  in  1811, 
and  probably  much  later  on,  as  huck-waahing  was  practised  for  many 
years  after  uiat  date.    See  Buck-weah. 

SSS-HOLE,  sb.  the  ash-pit  in  front  of  a  kitchen  grate.    Com. 

ESS-BOOK,  sb,  a  dog  or  cat  that  likes  to  lie  in  the  ashes. — PulveBt 
BATCH.  'This  kit&n'  inna  wuth  keepin'— it's  too  great  a  ess-rookJ 
Of.  Book  (1). 

ETE  [ee-tl,  pret.  and  part,  past,  ate ;  eaten. — Pulvbbbatoh.  Qy. 
com.  '  lis  there  any  o'  that  rearin'  o'  pork  left  P '  '  No,  Missis ;  tiie 
bayly  eie  it  fur  'is  supper  las'  night.' 

*  par  >ai  oflerd,  praid,  and  suank, 
Thre  dais  no|>er  ete  ne  dranc." 

Cursor  Mundi  (a.d.  1320,  circa), 
Specim.  Early  Eng,,  viL  1.  42. 

ETHEB  [aedhmr*],  Com;  [aethnir'],  Obwestry;  sb.  Pelias  beruSj 
the  Adder,  or  common  Yiper.     Shropshire  rustics  say — 

'  If  the  etJier  'ad  the  blindworm's  ear, 
An'  the  blindworm  'ad  the  ether^a  eye. 
Neither  mon  nor  beast  could  safe  pass  by.' 

They  also  say  of  a  person  out  of  breath  that  *  'e  blows  like  a  ether,* 
It  is  popularly  belieyed  that  the  ether  can  only  die  at  sunset ;  even  if 
apparently  killed  in  the  morning,  it  will  retain  life  till  the  going 
down  of  the  sun.    See  Etker'a-xuld,  below. 

ETHEBINOS  [aedhnir'inz],  sb,  pi,  pliant  boughs,  as  of  hazel,  inter- 
twined through  the  upright  stakes  of  a  hedge  to  bind  the  top  and 
keep  it  eyen.  Com.  *  I  see  they'n  bin  tarriir  the  'edge  above-a-bit ; 
the  etherins  bin  gwun,  they'n  a  the  stakes  next.'  A.S.  edar,  what 
bounds,  or  defenos ;  eSer,  a  hedge. 

ETHEB'S-KOE,  sb,  Cordulegasier  annulaius,  a  large,  long-bodied 
Dragon-fly. — Wbm  ;  Ellesmbbs.    See  below. 

ETHEB'S-EIU),  the  same  as  above. — Pulvbbbatgh.  It  is  believed 
that  this  Dragon-fly  indicates  by  its  presence  the  vicinity  of  the 
Adder,  whence  its  local  names — Eiher^a-mon  and  Ether^a-nild  [needle]. 
In  some  parts  of  Scotland  it  is  called  the  Flying  Adder,  and  in 
America  it  is  said  to  be  known  as  the  DeviCa  Darning-Needle. 

EVEN  [ee'vn],  sb.  a  dull,  slow,  stupid  person. — Clun.  '  'Ow  does 
yore  girld  ause  P '  '  Oh !  'er's  no  good,  'er's  as  big  a  even  as  ever  wuz 
m  a  'ouse.'    Cf.  Avon,  and  Avenless. 


136  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

EVEHIHO  [ee*vni'n],  sh.,  pec.  the  afternoon  of  the  day.  The  day  is 
divided  into  morning,  middle  of  the  day,  and  evening.  Night  hegina 
about  six  o'clock. — Siibewsbuby  ;  Much  Weni/>ck.    Qy.  com. 

'  10*^.  August  1788.  The  meeting  held  on  Monday  evening  last 
was  adjourned  to  be  holden  to-morrow  Evening  at  three  of  the  Clock. 

27^.  March  1808.  Diyine  Service  wiU  bee:in  here  this  evening  at 
half  past  two  of  the  Clock.' — Churchwardens*  AccountSy  Much  Wenlodc 

Cf .  Onder. 

SVEBrA.     '  Is  there  ever-a  wisket  as  I  could  'ave  1 ' 

*  Now  tell  me  wha  was  your  father,'  she  says ; 

'  Now  tell  me  wha  was  your  mother. 
And  had  ye  ony  sister  P '  She  says, 
*  And  had  ye  ever  a  brother  ? ' 

Fair  Annie,  a  Scotch  Ballad,  first  printed  in 
Herd's  Collection  of  Scotch  Songs,  1769. 

See  Grammar  Outlines  {indefinite  pronouns), 

EVEB-A-OHE,  either  of  them.  Com.  A  good  many  years  ago, 
Mr.  Tho8.  Morris  of  Burley — who  was  a*  wag,'  and  deaf  to  boot — 
laid  a  wager  that  he  would  get  *  summat  to  dnnk '  at  a  certain  house 
which  *  proved  the  rule'  of  Shropshire  hospitality  by  being  its  'ex- 
ception. He  went  there  accordinglv,  and  was  met  with  the  usual 
greeting — *  'Ow  bin  'ee  this  mornin*  r '  not,  however,  followed  by  the 
equally  usual,  *  Whad'll  yo'  tak'  ? '  *  Drink  or  cider,'  he  replied,  *  ever- 
a-one,  I  dunna  car'  Vich.'  "Ow's  the  Missis?'  he  was  asked. 
Again  affecting  not  to  understand  the  question,  he  repeated,  '  Drink 
or  cider,  ever-a-07i6,  I  dunna  car^  Vich.'  He  gained  his  wager. 
*  Ever-a-one '  tapped  his  neighbour's  barrels  1  See  Grammar  Outlines 
{indefinite  pronowis), 

EVEE-SO,  oflv,  however  much ;  in  any  case.  Com.  This  term  is 
constantly  heard  in  such  expressions  as  *  I'd  as  lief  walk  as  ride  if  Td 
a  'orse  ever-so*     *  I  couldna  ate  that  if  it  wuz  ever-so.* 

EVE'S  SCOBK,  sb.  Pamum  Adami,  the  larynx.  —  Pulverbatoel 
'  Daddy,  whad's  this  lump  i*  yore  neck  P '  *  W'y  it's  Eve's  scork,  child — 
owd  Mother  Eve  ete  the  apple  'erself,  but  'er  gid  the  scork  to  Faither 
Adam,  an'  all  men's  'ad'n  tnis  lump  ever  sence.'    See  Scork. 

EVIL  [ee'vl],  v.  a.  to  turn  the  ground  lightly  over  with  a  sharevil 
[fork] — Chttrch  Stretton,  Leehottoood,  *Get  a  sharevil  an'  evil 
them  bods  o'er.'    See  Sharevil. 

EVIL-EYE,  sh.  an  eye  that  charms.  Com.  '  'E's  a  nasty  down- 
lookin'  follow — looks  as  if  'e  could  cast  a  nev'Ueye  upon  yo'.'  See  Bk- 
II.,  Folklore,  &c.,  *  Charming  and  Charms.' 

EXCISE  [eksei'z],  v.  a.,  pec,  to  extort ;  to  exact. — Ellesmerb. 

EXPASST  AKD  =  ef-per-se-and.     See  Empassy  on. 

EXPECT,  V,  a. J  pec.  to  think ;  to  imagine,  without  reference,  neces- 
sarily, to  the  future.  Com.  *  I  e^ect  they'd'n  rar'  raps  at  owd  Peggy's 
Cakin',  an'  kep'n  it  up  till  daylight ;  Jack  never  come  to  fother  till 
seven  o'clock.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC   1S7 

ST£  [ei'],  sb.  the  germ  bud  of  a  potato-tuber.  Com.  See  Eyen, 
below. 

JSYlfiABLE  [(^i'u'bl],  adj.  pleasing  to  the  eye. — Pulverbatch.  Qy. 
com.  'This  ffownd's  ptit  together  despert  sHin;  jest  made  eyeahle, 
an*  nod  to  laer  too  limg.' 

ETEBBIOHT  [ei'br'eit],  ah.  Veronica  Chamcedrys,  Germander 
SpeedwelL — Pulvekbatch. 

'  Blue  eyebright !  loveliest  flower  of  aU  that  crow 
In  flower-lored  England  f    Flower  whose  hedge-side  gaze 
Is  like  an  infant's !    What  heart  does  not  know 
Thee,  clustered  smiler  of  the  bank  where  plays 
The  sunbeam  on  the  emerald  snake,  and  strays 
The  dazzling  riU,  companion  of  the  road.' — Ebenezeb  Elliott. 

Cf.  Bird's  Eye. 

ETELET-HOLES,  sK  pi.  small  holes  worked  in  the  material  of  a 
garment,  &c.,  to  admit  hooks  or  cord  for  fastening  purposes ;  a  term 
of  sewing  craft.  Com.  *  I  dunna  like  'ooks  air  eyes,  they  comen 
ondone ;  eyelet-'oles  bin  best  for  fastenment.' 

<  OeiUety  petit  trou  qu'on  fait  &  une  6toffe  pour  passer  un  cordom 
SyeUt* — Chamb. 

ETEH  [ei-n  or  ei-h'n],  sb.  pi.  eyes. — Corve  Dalb.  '  They'n  the 
frummest  tatoee  as  be,  an'  more'n  that,  they'n  the  ebbest  eyen.* 

'  Thanne  ran  repentance  *  and  reherced  his  teme, 
And  gert  wille  to  wepe  '  water  with  his  eyen.* 

Piers  Pl.y  Text  B.,  pass.  v.  1.  62. 

'  With  that  adowne  out  of  her  christall  eyne 
Few  trickling  teares  she  softly  forth  let  £Eill, 
That  like  to  orient  perles  did  purely  shyne 

Upon  her  snowy  cheeke. 

Spenser,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  HI.  o.  yii.  si  ix. 

ETES  [ei'z],  sb.  pL  holes  in  bread  and  in  cheese,  caused  in  the 
former  case  by  the  fermentation  set  up  by  the  yeast ;  in  the  latter  by 
defective  management  in  the  process  of  cheese-making. — ^Wem;  Whit- 
GHUBcn.  '  I  l3:e,'  said  a  young  farmer,  *  bread  fuU  of  evea,  cheese 
without  any,  an'  ale  as  *11  make  yore  eyes  star*  out  o*  yore  ead.' 

*  Bad  Cheese,  That  is  .  .  .  White  and  dry,  the  Butter  of  it  being  in 
the  Market  when  it  is  making ;  too  Salt,  full  of  Eyes,  not  well  prest, 
but  hoven  and  swelling.' — Academy  of  Armory y  Bk.  III.  ch.  v.  p.  244. 
Of.  BuU'a  eyes. 


PA'  [fau],  V.  w.,  var.  pr.    to  falL  —  Newport.      *  Tek  keer  ye 
dunna /aV 

'  Nae  mair  then,  we'll  care  then, 
Nae  farther  can  we /a',' 

BoBERT  Burns,  Poems,  p.  57,  1.  23,  c.  2. 

See  LI  in  Grammar  Outlines  (consonants). 


1 


138  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

FACED-CABSS  [fai-zd  kaaVdz],  sb,  pi  tbe  court-cards  of  a  pack.~ 
PuLYBRBATCH.    Qy.  conL    C£  Cottxted-cards. 

FAD  [fad],  (1)  sb.  a  whim ;  a  fancy ;  a  speciality.  ' Full  o' /ads' 
Com. 

(2)  ah,  one  who  is  di£BcTilt  to  please  in  trifles ;  a  tiresomely  par- 
ticular person.  Com.  '  ETerybody  toud  me  as  I  should  never  stop 
66th  sicn  a  noud  fad,  but  I  stayed  66th  'er  seven  'ear,  an'  a  good 
Missis  'er  wuz  to  me.' 

FAD-ABOXTT,  v.  n,  to  look  after  affairs  in  a  quiet  way.  Com. 
'  The  poor  owd  Maister  canna  do  much  now— on'y  /ad^about  a  bit; 
but,  as  the  sayin'  is,  **  one  par  o'  eyes  is  wuth  two  par  o'  'ands.'* ' 

V,  a.  to  pay  minute  attention  to  a  person ;  to  be 


solicitous  about — and  complying  with— /ad».  Com.  *  Bessy's  a  rai' 
plack  up  at  the  owd  'aU ;  nuthin  'ardly  to  do  but  faddle-after  the 
Missis,  draw  the  drink,  an'  sich  like.'    C£  Taddle. 

FADDY,  adj.  particular;  fanciful;  fussy.  Com.  'I  66dna  mind 
doin'  twize  the  work,  but  the  Missis  is  so  dreadful  faddy  yo'  never 
knowen  w'en  a  thing's  right.' 

FAOOIT  [fagi't],  (1)  sb.,  var,  pr,  a  bundle  of  sticks,  or  of  heath,  for 
fuel. — Shbewsbttry  ;  Clun.  Qy.  com.  <  Dun  'ee  want  any  yeth  this 
evenin',  Missis  ? '  '  Yes ;  how  much  have  you  ? '  '  On'y  about  *afe  a 
dozen  faggits  ;  yo'd  better  tak'  'em  alL' 

*  Fagott,  Fassis,  strues.  Cath.'  —  Prompt  Parv,  W.  ffagod,  a 
£Eiggot ;  a  bundle.    Cf.  Kid  (1). 

(2)  sb.  a  term  of  opprobrium  for  a  fiilse,  hypocritical  woman. 
Com.  '  That  66man's  a  reg'lar  owd  faggii — *er  imposes  on  the  paas'n 
shameful' 

FAGOITS,  sb.  pi.  a  kind  of  sausages  made  of  the  liver  and  lights  of 
a  pig,  boiled  with  sweet  herbs,  and  finely  cho]>ped;  then  covered 
with  the  '  veil '  of  the  pig,  and  baked  on  an  oven-tin.  The  faggits  are 
oblong  in  form,  and  about  an  inch  and  a  half  thick. — Shbewsbubt  r 
PuLVERBATCH ;  WoRTHEN.    Cf.  Splce-balla.    See  Veil. 

FAIBEBEY  [fai-br'i'],  sb.  Ribes  Grosstddriay  common  Gooseberry. 
— PiTLVERBATCH ;  CoRVE  Dale  ;  CoLLiERT.  Generally  used  in  the 
plural  form  Faiberries.  Cotgrave  has  this  word  in  v.  Groisvlles. — 
Hal.  Bay,  in  South  and  East  Country  Words,  gives  '  Feabes  or  Fea- 
berries.  Gooseberries,  8uff.  Leicestersh.  Thebes  in  Norf.  Ash  has 
'  Feaberries,  a  local  word,'  and  Grose  has  it  as  N.  =  North. 

FAIBEBBY-BVSH,  sb.  a  gooseberry-bush. — Pulverbatch  ;  Corve 
Dale  ;  Colliery.  <  Hie  awav  to  the  faiVry-bush  an'  fatch  my 
'ankercher  as  I  Pttt  theer  to  wtt  n.' 

*  In  English  Goose-berry  bush,  and  Feorherry  hush  in  Cheshire,  my 
native  coimtry.' — Gerarde's  Herball,  Bk.  11.  p.  1324. 

FAIOH  [fai'l,  sb.  iron-stone  measure  with  iron-stone'  ore  in  it. — 
Colliery,  Maddey ;  M.  T. 

FAIV  [fein*  corr.  faayn*],  adv.,  obsolsA  gladly.' — Pulverbatch. 
'  rd/ayn  g66  to  the  far  o*  Thursday  on'y  fur  geUin'  them  turmits  in 
afore  theer  comes  rayn.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  139 

<  &  fayn  ache  wold  ^an  in  tei\>  *  haue  fold  bim  in  hire  amies 

to  haue  him  dipped  &  kest ' 

William  of  PaUme,  L  858. 

*  Lear,  Dost  thou  know  m©,  fellow  P 

'  Kent  No,  sir ;  but  you  have  that  in  your  oountenanoe  which  I 
would  fain  call  master. 
'Lear,  WhafsthatP 

*  jBTen^.  Authority.' — K.  Lear,  I.  iv.  30. 

'  For  I  am  sixteen  and  my  time  is  a-wastin'  ; 
Ifain  would  get  married  if  I  knew  the  way.' 

Old  BaUad. 

A.S.  fcegen,  fcegn,  fain ;  glad.    loeL  feginn* 

FAISISHES,  sb,  pi.,  var.  pr.,  oba.  fairies. — Bridgnorth. 

"FALL  [fsMi'\  (1)  V.  a,  to  let  falL  Com.  'I  should  never  trust 
that  child  6oth  a  lookin'-glass,  'er'U  be  sure  to/aU  it' 

*  8eb,    ,    .    .  Draw  thy  sword :  one  stroke 

Shall  free  thee  from  the  tribute  which  thou  payest; 
And  I  the  king  shall  love  thee. 

Ani,  Draw  toother ; 

And  when  I  rear  my  handy  do  you  the  hke, 
To  fall  it  on  Qonzalo.'—Temjpest,  U,  i.  295. 

(2)  V,  a.  to  fell  trees.    *0om. 

(3)  eh.  the  act  of  felling  trees.  ^  Com.  '  The  young  Squire  says 
Ven  'e  comes  of  age  'e'll  faU  a  sight  o'  timber ;  an'  a  grand^  fall 
theer'U  be,  fiir  'is  poor  owd  nuncle  56dna  '&ve  a  sprig  touched  in  'is 
time.' 

(4)  $b,  the  autumn. — Kewfobt. 

'  What  crowds  of  patients  the  town-doctor  kills, 
Or  how,  Ia8t/a22,  he  raised  the  weekly  bills.'»DBTDEN. 

Cf.  Fall  o'  the  leaf,  below. 

FALLAL  [fallal],  sh,  nonsense;  jocoseness;  exaggerated  civility; 
'humbug.' — Shbewsbuey;  Pitlvbkbatoh.  Qy.  com.  'I  canna 
b^eve  a  word  'e  says,  'e's  so  xxmcli  fallal  about  'im.' 

FALLEB,  sb,  a  feller  of  timber.  Com.  'The  fallers  bin  on 
Esridge  [Eastridge]  coppy  agen ;  I  thought  they  fellen  a  pretty  good 
shar'  hist  'ear.' 

FALL  0*  THE  LEAF,  phr.  the  season  of  autumn. — Shrbwsburt  ; 
PuLVEBBATCH ;   Wem.    Qy.  com.     *Ah!  poor  fellow,  *e's  despert 
'  wek ;  VU  'aidly  see  o'er  the  faU  o'  the  lef 

FAVCICAL  [fan-si'kul],  adj.,  obaolsA  fanciful  —  Pulvbrbatch; 
Wem ;  Ellesmeee.  'I  want  a  plajn  dacent  bonnit— none  o'  yore 
faiidcal  finery  fur  me.* 

FAHO  [fangg-],  (1^  v,  a.  and  v.  n.  to  lay  hold  of. — Pulverbatch. 

*  W'y  didiuk  yo^  fang  out  o'  the  'Ind-bwurd*  [hind-board]   *o'  the 
tumbril  Ven  yo'  sid'n  the  turmits  tumlin'  all  alung  the  lane  P ' 


140  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

V '  Wlieither  sliolde /on^e  the  tmjt, 
The  fend  or  hymselye.' 

Fiera  PL,  pass.  xri.  L  10992,  ed.  Wb. 

'  Destruction  fang  mankind !    Earth,  yield  me  roots ! ' 

Tim&n,  of  Athens,  IV.  iii.  23. 

*  Fangyn  or  latchyn  (lachyn  or  hentyn,  K  BL).  Apprehendo,  To 
fang  or  seize,  A.S.  fang,  cajptura,  fangen,  capius,  is  a  verb  used  by 
B.  Brunne  and  yarious  writers  as  late  as  Shakespeare.' — Frompi. 
Parv.  and  Notes, 

(2)  sb,  the  prong  of  a  fork,  of  any  kind. — Shrewsbuky;  Fulvbb- 
BATCH.  '  Look  'ere,  Sally,  this  sort  o'  clanin'  66nna  do  fur  me ;  jest 
see  *twizt  them/a9a^« — ^theer*s  dirt  enough  to  set  garrits  in.' 

FAVOED,  part.  adj\  furnished  with  fangs. — Ibid.  '  Axe  Tummas 
to  len'  me  'is  Bre^anged  sharevil ;  the  groun's  so  fine  it  runs  throu.' 
this.' 

PAKOLED,  part,  adj.^  obsols.  showily  trimmed,  as  with  ribands  or 
*  bugles ; '  bedizened. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch.  *  'Er  bonnit 
wuzf angled  all  o'er  6oth  ribbints  like  a  pedlar's  basket' 

'.....    A  book  ?    O  rare  one ! 
Be  not,  as  is  onif angled  world,  a  garment 
Nobler  than  that  it  covers.' — Cymbdine,  V.  iv.  134. 

Of.  New-fangled. 

PAH-PEGSIiES  [fanpek-'lz],  «ft.pZ. freckles. — ^Wem;  WrarcHURCH. 
Perhaps  a  corruption  of  faumnepecldes,  to  which  freckles  may  not 
inaptly  be  likened.  Grose  has,  *  Fam4ickled,  freckled.  N.  Of. 
Sun-speckles. 

PAHTEAO  [fantai'gg  and  fantee'gg],  ^5.  a  fit  of  ill-temper ;  a  pet. 
Com.  *  The  Missis  is  in  a  pretty  faniaig  ;  the  Maister's  gwun  to  the 
tsiX  an'  took  the  kay  o'  the  flour-r56m  ooth  'im — an'  the  fire  i'  the 
oyen  fur  bakin'.' 

PAHTOM  [fan-tu'm],  (1)  adj.  flimsy. — ^Newport.  'It's  poor/antom 
stuff.' 

(2)  soft;  flabby.-— New^rt;  Wek.  "fir's  bin  that  poorly  'er 
arms  han  gotten  quite /antom.' 

'  Fantome  Flesh,  when  it  hangs  loose  on  the  Bone.' — ^Ray  INerth 
Country  Words],  p.  29.  '  C*est  un  yrai  fantome  se  dit  d'un  homme 
maigre  .  .  .' — Chamb.     Of.O.Yr.fantosmedefantasma. — ^BuR. 

PAB  [faa-r'],  sb.,  var.  pr.  a  fair.     Com.     *  Far  indeed !  theer's  too 
many  fan 
f ortnit,  an' 

PARE   [faer^-],  (1)  sb.  a  track,  as  of  a  rabbit. — Oswestry.     A.S. 
faru,  a  journey.    CI  Muse. 

(2)  adv.  far;  distant.  —  Shrewsbury ;  Pulyerbatoh;  Wbm; 
Ellesuere.  '  How  far  is  it  to  Longden  ? '  *  Well,  if  s  a  mile  alimg 
the  lane,  but  it  inna-d-'afe  Sisfare  across  the  filda' 

'  Fingered  ladies  whose  womanlike  behayiour  and  motherlike  house^ 
wifry  ought  to  be  a  lighte  to  al  women  that  dwell  aboute  you,  but  is 
so  fare  otherwise,  that,  unless  ye  leaye  them  landes  to  marye  them 


many  fara — ^they  wun  used  to  be  eVry  month,  then  a  oomen  ey'ry 
'  now  they'n  got  'em  eVry  wik ;  Pm  farred  to  djeth !  * 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC   141 

wytball,  no  man  wyll  Bet  a  puine  by  ihem  when  you  be  gone.' 
—Robert  Crowley's  Select  Works  (a.d.  1649),  ed.  J.  M.  Gowper, 
E.  E.  T.  S. 

FAB&IK'  [faaVi'n],  sb.,  var,  pr,  a  fairing ;  a  present  from  a  fair. — 
PuLVERBATCH.  Qy.  com.  *  See  wbad  a  perty  'ankercher  Jim  bought 
me  for  a  May/ornV,  an'  these  papers  o*  JDorri'fn  gingerbread.' 

PAEEOW  [faar'-u'],  (1)  v.  a.  to  bring  forth  a  litter  of  pigs.— Pulver- 
BATCH  ;  Ellesmere.  Not  a  term  of  frequent  use  in  the  first-named 
locality,  and  is  perhaps  an  imported  word. 

*  A  Swine  or  Sow,  Farroweth :  the  young  ones  are  called  a  Farow 
of  Pigs.' — Academy  of  Armory ^  Bk.  II.  ch.  vii.  p.  134. 

(2)  «&.  a  litter  of  pigs. — Ihid. 

'  Firtit  Witch,  Pour  in  sow's  blood,  that  hath  eaten 
Her  nine /arrow    .    .     .' — ^JlfoctefA,  IV.  i.  65. 

A.S.  fearh ;  O.H.  G^erm.  farh  ;  Lat.  porcua  ;  &rrow. — Strat. 

F ABTilLN  0-B AO,  sh,  the  second  stomach  of  a  cow. — Pulvbrbatch  ; 
Clun.     *  'El's  bund  i'  the/ar<Ain'-%.' 

FASTEHMEHT  [fas-nmu'nt],  sb.  a  fastening  of  any  kind.  Com. 
'If  yo'  go'n  as  fare  as  Stepit'n  [Stapleton],  tell  Jones  to  come  up 
an'  put  ^kfainmeftd  o'  the  brew-'us  door.' 

•  I)oor-/a«<«»in€n<«.' — AwiifyMefi's  Catalogue  (Church  Stretton),  1877. 
See  below. 

FASTIfESS,  sh,  a  fastening,  as  of  bolt,  bar,  &c.y  to  door,  gate,  or 
window. — Wem.  '  That  theer  bull's  bin  llin  the  dur  o*  'is  place,  an' 
bruk  the/(M'neM.'    See  Hile. 

FAT,  pret,  and  part  past,  fetched.  Com.  *  'E  fat  up  the  'ackney 
mar*  out  o'  the  leasow  to  tak'  the  owd  Maister  wham.' 

Among  the  borough  accounts  of  Shrewsbury  for  the  year  1506.is 
the  item — '  For  ale  that  was  fat  in  the  chambvr  and  that  serraunts 
dranke  bytwixt  melys  ^'s  viijd.' — Owen  and  Blaeewat's  History  of 
Shrewsbury,  yoL  i.  p.  280.    Cf.  Fot. 

FATCH,  V.  a.  'to  fetch.  Com.  *  Run  an'  fatch  me  the  sharevil, 
66t'ee?' 

'  Many  wedous  with  wepyng  tears  cam  to  fache  ther  makjrs  A- way.' 

Vhevy  Chase,    Specim.  Eng,  Lit,,  yii.  1.  118. 

FATHEBrLAW  [fai'dhur*  lau],  «&.,  obsols.  a  father-in-law. — Pulver- 
BATCH ;  Weh.  '  Dimna  yo'  think  as  Pm  gwein  to  be  married  to  live 
doth  Toj  faither-law — ^if 'e  55nna  tak'  a  'ouse,  I  stop  awham.' 

FATO ,  part,  past,  fallen. — Newport. 

*  O  Woman  lovely,  Woman  fair  I 
An  Angel  form's /aun  to  thy  share, 
'Twad  been  o'er  meikle  to  gien  thee  mair, 
I  mean  an  Angel  mind.' 

Robert  Burns,  Poems,  p.  205, 1.  4,  c.  2. 

See  LI  in  Grammar  Outlines  (consonants). 

FAVSE  [fau'ss],  adj.  artful ;  deceitful.  Com.  *  Thoy'n  got  a  new 
'ouBekeeper  at  the  'all,  I  'ear ;  dun'ee  know  anythin'  on  'or  ? '    *  Well, 


142  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

nod  much — *er  manages  tiie  Squire's  lady;  bat  from  wbad  folkB  sen 
on  'er,  I  should  think  'er's  as/auae  as/atwe/ 

*  Wr  lightsome  heart  I  pu'd  a  rose, 
Fu  sweet  upon  its  thorny  tree ; 
And  my/atMe  luyer  stole  my  rose. 
But  ah  I  he  left  the  thorn  wi'  me.' 

BoBEBT  Burns,  Poems,  p.  206, 1. 19. 

(2)  y.  a.  to  coax  *  to  wheedle.  Com.  ^ '  I  want  a  new  gownd  agen 
the  W  aJces ;  I  m\is  try  an*  fauae  my  Maister  o'er  to  get  me  one.' 

PAXJT  [fau-t],  {1)  eh,  fault ;  error.     Com.     'Oh  no !  yo'  bin  never 
i'  nofaut;  yo'  bin  the  lily-Vite  'en  as  neyer  lays  astray,  yo'  fain.' 

'  Bot  t^at  o)>er  wrake  >at  wex  *  on  w^^e^  hit  lyjt 
pUT)  ^faut  of  a  freke  *  l^at  fayled  in  traw)^'' 

AUiterative  Poems,  The  Deluge  (aj),  1360,  circa). 
Specim.  Early  Eng.,  ziii.  L  236. 

'Then  never  range,  nor  learn  to  change, 

Like  those  in  hi^h  degree ; 

And  if  ve  prove  futhful  in  love, 

You'U  mid  nae /atit  in  me.' 

Allak  Eahsay,  Skmg  XIV,,  p.  51. 

O.Fr.  fatOe. 

(2)  sh,  the  imputation  of  a  fault ;  blame.  Oom.  '  They  laiden  the 
faut  o'  Joe,  but  I  dunna  think  as  the  poor  bwoy  wuz  to  blame.' 

'  I  haue  yherde  hiegh  men  *  etyng  atte  table, 
Carpen  as  ^ei  clerkes  were  '  of  cryEro  and  of  his  mi3tes. 
Ana  leyden /au^  vppon  )>e  fader  *  )>at  fourmed  us  alle.' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  x.  L  103. 

(S)  sh,  a  defect  Com.  'Theer^s  a  faut  V  that  beSm;  I  doubt  as 
ifll  never  bar  Jack-tiles.' 

<  penne  he  s^  a  newe  ohaumbre-wouh  *  wroujt  al  of  bordes^ 
a  dore  honginge  >er-on  *  haspet  fol  faste, 
A  child  cominge  \>otw  '  his  come  was  nout  seene, 
Si^en  lenges  a- while  '  and  a-^ein  lendes^ 
wij^-outen /au^  o)>er  fans  '  as  )>ei  fore  seiden.' 

Joseph  of  Aritnaihie,  L  208. 

^Fawte^  or  de£awte.    Defedus* — Prompt,  Parv, 

(4)  sh,  a  dislocation  in  the  seam  of  coal  or  ore  in  a  mine. — ^IC.  T. 
'Comin'  to  a  faut'  is  a  metaphorical  phrase  frequently  employed  to 
express  '  let  or  hindrance  *  in  any  of  the  ordinary  affairs  of  Me. 

JAUTT,  (1)  adj,  guQty ;  blameworthy.  Com.  *  I  knowed  'e  wuz 
fauty  as  soon  as  I  sid  'is  foce,  for  all  'e  denied  it,  but  I  plankt  it  on 
"im,'  «.  e.  convicted  him  of  the  oflfence. 

*  And  if  they  [the  byshoppee]  be  f ounde  nedigente  or  fauty  in  theyr 
duties  oute  with  them.' — IjAXIMX!^  Sermon  ii.  p.  66. 

*  r\KE  diligent  seruiture,  skilfull  to  waight  ! 

yj  more  oomelieth  thy  table  than  other  some  eight. 
That  stand  forto  listen,  or  gaonj^  about,  ^ 
not  minding  their  dutie,  withm  nor  without. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   143 

Such  waiter  ia/auUe  that  standeth  so  by, 
ymnindful  of  seruice,  forgetting  his  ey. 
If  maister  to  such  giue  a  bone  for  to  gnaw, 
he  doth  but  his  office,  to  teach  such  a  daw.' 

TusssB,  Fiue  Hundred  Faintes  of  Oood  Htuhandrie, 
ed.  E.  D.  S.,  p.  189. 

(2)  adj.  defective ;  imperfect ;  in  bad  condition.    Com.     '  My  shoes 
bin  getbn'/auty,  an'  this  snow  ^1  find  'em  out.' 
•  Favjiyt  or  defawty.    De/ecHvus.* — Prompt  Parv, 

TAYOTJB  [fai'vurl,  v.  «.  to  bear  a  family  likeness. — Shrewsbury  ; 
PxTLVERBATCH ;  WBM.  Qy.  com.  *  Tha^s  a  pretty  babby  o'  Matty 
Wigley's.'  '  Aye,  'er's  a  good-lookin'  ddman,  an'  it  favours  'er  family 
strungly.' 

'  Good  faith,  methinks  that  this  Toung  Lord  Chamont 
Favours  my  mother,  sister,  doth  he  not  ? ' 

Ben  Jonson,  Ccue  is  aUet'd,  iii.  1,  in  Nakes. 

Mr.  Nares*  note  on  the  foregoing  is^  '  The  Mother  had  been  dead 
some  time.'    Of.  Feature. 

PEAK  [fi'Ti'k  or  fi'aek*],  (1)  sb.  a  sharp  twitch  or  pull. — Shrews- 
bury ;  PULVEEBATCH ;   WOBTHEW.     Qy.  com. 

(2)  V,  a.  to  eiye  a  sharp  twitoh  or  pxUL-^Ihid.    'I  know  w'en  our 
Maister's  in  a  l>ad  'umour,  fiir  'e  bI^ajb  fedka  'is  weecut  down.' 

7SABH  [fi'aaVn],  »&.,  var,  pr,  fern.  Com.  '  Theer  wuz  a  power  o' 
feam  cut  on  Huglith,  an'  burnt  to  make  ess-balls  on.'  This  was  said 
in  reference  to  a  circumstance  dating  about  1805.  AS.  fearn^  fern. 
See  Ess-balls. 

FEATTJBE  [fai'chu/],  v,  a,  to  resemble  in  feature. — Shrewsbury  ; 
PuLYERBATCH  ;  Wem.  Qy.  com.  '  Ben  faichurs  'is  feather,  but  all 
the  rest  favour  the  mother's  sida'    Of.  Favour. 

FEBSIWERBT-FUL-BICHE,  sh,  the  month  of  February,  which  is 
usually  a  wet  one. — Pulyerbatoh.  Qy.  com.  *Now  Chri8*ma8  is 
tumea  we  sha'n  be  glad  to  see  the  end  of  owd  Janniwerry-freeze-the- 
pot-by-the-fire  an'  Fehritaerry-JUUdiche — thaf  s  like  a  tuthless  owd 
d6man  as  'ad  three  nuts  to  crack,  an*  *er  said,  ''  If  I  could  crack  this 
an'  another  I  should  on'y  a  one  lef  to  crack." ' 

« Feb,  fia  the  dike 
With  what  thou  dost  like.' 

TussER,  FehruarieB  husbandries' 

*  February  fill  dike,  Be  it  black  or  be  it  white ; 
But  if  it  be  white,  Ifs  the  better  to  like.' 

Bay's  Proverbs,  p.  33. 

FEED  [fee'd],  sb.  food ;  pasture.  Com.  ^  I  hanna  sid  more  feed  o' 
the  groun'  mr  many  a  'ear  than  is  this  time,  an'  now  jest  'allantide.' 
Shakespeare  hBafoMing  in  the  sense  of  pasturage,  tract  of  land. 

'  Shep,  They  call  him  Doriolee ;  and  boasts  himself 

To  have  a  worthy /eecitfi^. ' 

Winter^s  Tale,  IV.  iv.  169. 
Gf.  Kesp  (3). 


144  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

FEEDIHO-TIIEB,  sb.  warm,  showery  weather.  —  Shrewsbury  ; 
Pttlvebbatch.  Qy.  com.  '  It's  a  fine  feedifC-iime  for  the  com  an* 
tiirmits,  but  it  males  the  *ay  lag.* 

JTISKJilHOS  [fee'h'r*mzl  sh,  ph  spaces  of  ploughed  land  from  eight 
to  more  yards  in  width. — Shrewsbubt  ;  Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com. 
FeeringB  differ  from  '  huts '  in  being  made  as  level  as  possible ;  '  buts ' 
are  high  on  the  ridge,  and  correspondingly  low  in  the  '  rean : '  '  bnta ' 
are  on  wet  lands— /(;mn^«  on  dry  lands.   Cf.  But  (1).    See  Veerings. 

FEO  [fog*],  ah,  long,  rank  grass,  which  cattle  refuse  to  eat  unless  they 
have  no  other.    Com. 

PEL*  [fel*],  pret,  and  part,  past  felt.  Com.  '  I  feV  so  bad  all  o'er  as 
if  I  wuz  gwem  to  '&Ye  a  faiver,  but  I  tddk  a  good  jorum  o'  drink-mate 
an'  it  throwed  it  off.'    See  T  (3)  in  Grammar  Outlinea  {conaofiianta). 

VlftT.T.  ^1)  pret  and  part,  past,  fallen.  Com.  'They  sen  as  poor 
Jack* B /ell  off  the  stack  an'  broke  'is  leg.' 

*  Ten  masts  at  each  make  not  the  altitude 
Which  thou  hast  perpendictdarly/e//.' 

K,  Lear,  TV,  Ti.  54. 
Cf.  Faun. 

(2)  i;.  a.  to  hem  down  the  inside  of  a  seam :  a  sewing  term.    Com. 
'  Bun  that  sem  up  an'  fell  it  down.' 

FELLEV,  V.  n.,  pret,  pi.  felL  Com.  '  We  feUen,  the  par  on  us,  as 
we  wun  runnin'  down  the  bonk.*^ 

*  Firste  )H)rw  \>e  we/ellen  *  fro  heuene  so  heighe ; 

For  we  leued  ]>i  lesynges ' 

Fiers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  XTiiL  L  309. 

FELLIES  [fel'iz],  sb,  pi,  the  curved  pieces  of  wood  which  form  the 
circumference  of  a  wheel.  Com.  The  number  of  /eUies  in  a  wheel 
Tary  according  to  its  size,  but  there  are  two  spokes  m  each. 

'  The  Fellees  or  Felloes  are  the  pieces  which  compass  the  Wheel,  the 

Wheel  Bim,  which  are in  number.' — Academy  of  Armory, 

Bk.  ITL  ch.  viii.  p.  332. 

'  Felwe  of  a  qwele  (whole,  P.).     Circumfermcia — Frmnpt.  Parv, 

A.S.  felge, — Idem. 

FEVDIHO  AFB  FBOVnTO,  phr.^  obsoh.'i  disputing;  arguing  for 
and  against. — Pulyrrbatgh.    '  Han  they  settled  about  the  fii^way  . 
yet  ?  theer's  bin  a  sight  o*  fetiHrC  arC  prcvxrC ;  it  wuz  to  be  settled  at  - 
the  Court  Leet.'    Grose  giYes  this  phrase  as  '  common '  in  his  FrO' 
vincial  Glossary , 

*  To  fend  and  prove,  i.  e.  to  wrangle  ;  Yitilitigo,  alteroor.'—  Adam 
LnTLBTON's  Lot,  Did,  1735,  sub  voc,  in  £.  D.  S.,  C.  yL 

FESCTTE  [fes'keu],  sb.^  obs.  a  pointer  used  in  teaching  children  to 
read. — ^Pulvbrbatch  ;  Worthbh".  *I  see  yo'  binna-d-in  a  'umour 
to  lam  this  momin*;  lave  the  fescue  an'  the  Psalter  an'  run  to 
Churfn  fur  me,  yo'n  do  it  better  Ven  yo'  comen  back.' 

'  Lowed  men  may  likne  30W  ]>ub  '  >at  )>e  beem  lithe  in  ^ure  eyghen, 
And  pefestu  is  &llen  *  for  )owre  defiiute.' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  x.  1.  277. 


OLOSSART  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  145 

Mr.  Skeafs  note  on  the  foregoing  is — Qt  *  Quid  oonfiideras/e^fuca??!,' 
at  1.  262,  above  [Matt.  yii.  3]. 

Mr.  Way  refers  to  this  same  passage  in  Piers.  Phy  and  adds,  'The 
Medulla  likewise  renders  '^/esiucay  festu,  or  a  lytel  mote.*'  The  name 
was  appUed  to  the  straw  or  stick  used  for  pointing,  in  the  early 
instruction  of  children :  thus  Palsgrave  gives  *'  festue,  to  spell  with, 

{estev.^^  Occasionally  the  word  is  written  with  c  or  k,  instead  of  f, 
lut  it  is  apparently  a  corruption.  "  FestUy  a  feskue,  a  straw,  rush, 
little  stalk,  or  stick,  used  for  a  fescue.  *  Touche,  a  fescue ;  also,  a  pen 
or  a  pin  for  a  pair  of  writing-tables."  Gotgb.*  —  Note  in  Prompt, 
Parv.,  p.  158. 

FETCHES  [fech-iz],  sb,  pi,  vetches.  —  Pulvbrbatoh;  Oswestrt. 
<  Everall's  got  some  &mous  winter  fetches  i'  the  Fut-way  fild — they'n 
'elp  ^  fother  out.' 

<  This  is  said  by  hem  that  be  not  worth  two  fetches  J 

Ohauceb,  Troil,  and  Cres, ,  iii.  887,  in  Bible  Word-Book, 

*Fetche^  come,  or  tare  (fehehe,  K).  Ft'cui,  UQ-.  in  vtticto,  crobus, 
C.  P.'— Prompt  Parv.    See  Fitches. 

FETTEEIH'  [fet-hYin],  part.  adj.  pottering  about. — Clun  ;  Wem. 
*  The  warden  wuz  al'  ays  fettering  i'  the  churchi'  said  Francis  Bawlings, 
of  Clun  [1873]. 

FETTLE  [fet'l]  (1),  t;.  a.  to  put  in  order ;  to  repair;  to  make  ready. 
Com.  A  pansh  clerk  of  Cound  [Salop]  gave  notice— -during  the  time 
of  Divine  Service— of  a  vestry  meeting,  in  the  following  terms :  *  This 
is  to  give  joM  all  notice  that  theerll  be  a  meetin'  in  the  vestry  nex' 
Toosay  wik — 'ould,  Pm  wrune — ^nex'  Toosd'y  as  ever  ccmies  I  mane— 
to  fettie  the  pews  and  so  forth.^ 

'  Wen  hit  wat^  fettled  &  forged  '  ft  to  ^e  ftille  gray^ed, 
penn  con  drattyn  hym  dele  *  dry3ly  )>yse  worde^ ; 
'*  Now  Noe,  quod  oure  lorde  '  art  )k>u  al  redy  P 
Hal^  ^u  closed  pj  kyst  *  with  day  alle  aboute  P  " ' 

Auiterative  Poems,  The  Deltige  (a.d.  1360,  circa). 
Spedm,  Early  Eng.,  xiii.  L  343. 

'  John  bent  vp  a  good  veiwe  bow, 

&  ffettded^  him  to  shoote : 
the  bow  was  made  of  a  tender  boughe, 

&  feU  downe  to  his  footee.' 
Ouye  of  CHsbome,  1.  60.    Percy  Folio  M8.,  vol.  iL 
p.  230,  ed  Hales  ana  Fumivall. 

*  'ffeHded,  prepared;  addressed  him.' — Verbum  SaJcpiense.  Note 
by  Bp.  PBECfY.— /Wd. 

The  only  instance  of  Shakespeare's  use  of  the  word  feHU  occurs  in 
the  foUowmg  passage  :— 

'  Oaptdet.  How  now,  how  now 

Thank  me  no  thankings,  nor  proud  me  no  prouds, 
But  fettle  jaai  fine  joints  'gainst  Thursday  next. 
To  go  with  Paris  to  Saint  Peter's  Church, 
Or  I  will  drag  thee  on  a  hurdle  thither.' 

Borneo  and  Juliet,  HE.  v.  154. 

L 


146  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

*  Prov.  En^.  fettie,  to  set  in  order ;  Mcdso-Gotli.  fdjan^  to  adorn, 
make  fit;  allied  to  A.S.  /etel,  a  fetter,  and  R  fii.  See  Diefenbach,  i. 
373/ — Glouarial  Index  to  Specim,  Early  Eng. 

(2)  »h.  state;  order;  condition.  Com.  'To'n  fine  the  lanes  in  a 
despert/e<t^  now,  ddth  the  snow  gwe)[n  away.' 

FEW  [fyou'],  adj\,  var,  pr.  few.  Com.  *  Tbeer  wunna  but  a  /yeow 
pars  on  that  tree — they  met*n  a  lef  'em  alone.' 

*  If  hops  look  browne, 
so  gather  them  downe. 
But  not  in  a  deaw, 
for  piddling  with /eaw*r/*«Moe,  ed.  1677]. 

TirsSBlfc's  Fine  Hundred  Poinie»  of  Oood 
HuBbandrie,  ed.  E.  D.  8.,  p.  427. 
A.S.  fedxoty  few.    See  Grammar  Outlines  {indefinite  numerals). 

FID  [fi'd'j,  V.  a.  to  chew  fodder  and  eject  it  from  the  mouth,  when, 
from  bemff  imperfectly  masticated,  it  cannot  be  swallowed. — Glee 
Hills.  '  Maister,  that  owd  mar^  fids  'er  fother— 'er's  got  no  tith 
atalL' 

FIDDLE-FADDLE  [fidi  fieul'l],  t;.  n.  to  trifle ;  to  dawdle.— Pulver- 
BATCH.  Qy.  oom.  *I  canna  think  whad  yo*n  bin  fiddle-faddUn' 
about  all  momin' — 'ere  if  s  jest  bayte  time  an  the  milk  things  neiver 
done  up.' 

FIDOE  [fi'j'],  (1)  8h,  a  fidget;  a  restless  person.  'A  r^lar  owd 
>W^.'— Shbkwbbttby.    Qy.  com.    Of.  Fad  (2). 

(2)  V.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  be  fidgety  or  restless. — Ibid,  '  'Er^s  al'ays  jCci^n' 
about — ^"er  canna  be  still  'melf  nor  let  otiiier  folk  be.' 

*  In  gath*rin  votes  you  were  na  slack ; 
Now  stand  as  tightly  by  your  taok ; 
Ne'er  daw  your  lug,  an'  fidge  your  back. 

An'  hum  an'  haw ; 
But  raise  your  arm,  an'  tell  your  crack 

Before  them  a'.'  * 

BoBB&T  BuBNS,  Poems,  p.  10, 1.  21. 

FIERT-BBAV'-TAIL,  ab.  the  Eedstart.— Pulvxrbatoh,  Hanwood. 
See  Brand-tail. 

FIFT  [fi'f -t],  fifth.     Qy.  com.     An  old  form. 

*  &  Bwiohe  duel  drow  to  hert  *  for  his  dedus  ille, 
pat  he  deide  on  pe  fifte  day  *  to  talke  \>e  so)>e.' 

WiUiam  of  PcOeme,  1.  1322. 

'Eing  Henry  the  Fifty  too  famous  to  Hue  long.' 

1  K  Henry  VL  i.  1  [ed.  1623],  in  Bible  Word-Book. 

AdnepoB,  fifte  sune ;  Adneptis,  fifte  dohter,  occur  in  Sujmlemeat  to 
Archbp.  ^l/ric's  Vocabulary,  x.  or  xi.  cent,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i. 
p.  51.    See  Grammar  Outlinea  {adjectives  of  numeration). 

FIOABIES  rfi'sae-r'i'z],  sb.  pi  fanciful  attjar^  ;  fantastic  ornaments, 
as  of  ribands,  bows,  flowers,  &c. — SsJiewdBUBX: ;  Atchah  ;  Pulvbb- 
3AT0H;  Clun;  Wbm.  Qy.  com.  "Br's  ^all  manner  o'  figaries 
about  'er.'    Perhaps  vagaries  ==  whimseys  is  meant. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   147 

TIOlBntEVTS  [fi'gaer^i'mu'nts],  sb,  pL  same  as  Figaries.  Qy. 
com.     '  I  should  like  it  made  nate  an'  plain — no  figdriments  about  it.' 

FIOOETTT-DTIMPLIHO  [fig-i'tr  dura-pli'n],  sb,  a  pudding  made  by 
lining  a  basin  with  paste  and  then  filling  it  with  figs  cut  in  pieces, 
currants,  a  little  candied  peel,  treacle,  and  water,  coyerins  it  with 
paste,  and  boiling  it  for  some  hours.  It  is  said  to  be  '  nod  afe  bad.' 
— Ellbsmebe. 

FIOHTIHO-COGKS,  ab,  pi  PlarUago  lanceolata,—(iy.  com.  It  is 
a  fayourite  amusement  with  children  to  try  to  strike  gS.  the  head  of 
one  plantain-stalk  by  hitting  it  with  another,  whence  the  name 
Fighting-cocks.    See  Mack  Jacks. 

irl  LBEATIP  [fil'bi'u'r'd],  sb,  a  filbert. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch. 
Qy.  com.    Pilbeard  is  found  in  Tusser,  p.  75,  ed.  E.  D,  S. 
*Fylberde,  notte.    Fillum,  Dice' — Prompt  Parv.    See  below. 

FILBEABD-TEEE,  sb.  the  cultivated  Corylus  Avellana,  filbert-tree. 
--^Ibid,  *  I  never  sid  the  filbyard-trees  covered  66th  lamb-tails  [cat- 
kins] as  they  bin  this  'ear  *  rft79].  *  Hic/uUWf  a  fylberd-tre,'  occurs 
in  a  Nominale,  xiy.  cent,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  yoL  i.  p.  229,  and  Mr.  Wright 
has  the  following  note  upon  it :  *  The  Latin  should  be  fiUis.  Filberde- 
tree,  Phillis,* — Prompt  Parv,  Gk)wer,  Con/es.  Amant,  vol.  ii  p.  30 
^ed.  Pauli),  has  misrepresented  the  story  of  Phillis  and  Demophoon, 
m  Ovid,  in  order  to  give  a  derivation  of  this  word. 

*  **  And  Demephon  was  so  reproved. 
That  of  the  Goddes  providence 
Was  shape  suche  an  evidence 
Ever  afterward  ayein  the  slows, 
That  Phillis  in  the  same  throwe 
Was  shape  into  a  nutte-tre, 
That  alle  men  it  mighte  se. 
And  after  VhiUis  phiUiherde 
This  tre  was  cleped  in  the  yerde." ' 

FILS  rfi'1'4]'  ^^'  ^  ^^^  Com.  The  curious  expression,  '  a  fild  of 
land,  is  often  heard. 

*  By  occasion  of  thys  texte  [Bom.  xv.  4]  (most  honorable  audience) 
I  haue  walked  thys  Lente  in  the  brode  filde  of  scripture  and  vsed  my 
libertie,  and  intieated  of  such  matters  as  I  thought  mete  for  this 
auditory.' — Latimer,  Sermon  vii.  p.  182. 

Tusser  has  fildes  for  fields,  ei  1557.  A.S.  /dd;  JUd,  a  field; 
pasture;  plain. 

FILDEFABE  [fi'l-di'faa-'r*],  sb.  Turdus  pUdris,  the  Fieldfare.— 
Shbewsbxtby;  Pulverbatch. 

FILDFASE,  sb.  same  as  above. — Ludlow. 

'  he  com  him-self  y-charged  *  wif^  conyng  &  hares, 
wil^  fesauns  A/dd/ares  *  and  of'er  foules  grete.' 

William  of  Palerne,  1.  183. 

A.Q.  feala'/or, — Idem.    See  Blue-back^  also  Shredcock. 

JFlim  [fci'nd],  V.  a.  to  provide  for ;  to  supply — more  especially  with 
food.  Com.  *  I  call  three  shillin'  a  day  big  wages,  an'  Jlnd  'em  in 
mate  an'  drink.' 

L   2 


143  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  Then  hayest  thow  londes  to  lyre  by, 
Quath  Beson,  '*  other  lynage  ryche 
That /yndcn  the  thy  fode  ?  ^  * 

Pier$  PL,  p.  614,  ed.  Wb. 

*  By  housbondrye  of  such  as  God  hire  sente, 
Sohe/cmd  hireeelf,  and  eek  hire  donghtren  tuo.' 

Chauoek,  The  Nonne  Prestes  Tale,  1.  9,  ed.  Morria. 

By  an  'Assessment  of  the  Corporation  of  Canterbury,'  made  in 
1504,  the  following  were  the  rates  of  wages  declared  payable:— 
'  Every  labourer  ft^m  Easter  to  Michaelmas,  with  meat  and  drink, 
4c2.  per  day,  finding  himself,  lOd, ;  and  from  Michaelmas  to  Easter, 
with  meat  and  drink,  4(2.;  without,  Sd,  Mowers  per  day,  with  meat 
and  drink,  M. ;  finding  themselves,  14d  By  the  acre,  witii  meat  and 
drink,  4d ;  without,  8(i.  Beapers  per  day,  with  meat  and  drink,  6d.; 
finding  themselves,  lOd.;  by  the  acre,  with  meat  and  drink,  14(2.; 
without,  28d''-HA8TBD's  Jntiquitiea  of  Canterbury,  1801,  yoL  iL, 
Appendix. 

A.S.  findan,  to  find. 

FDIOESS-AFB-T0B8,  sb.  a  diseased  form  of  turnip-— caused  by 
the  attacks  of  an  insect — ^where  the  root  has  departed  from  the  natural 
growth  and  become  branched  and  clubbed.  Com.  See  Fingers  and 
toes,  E.  D.  S.,  C.  vL 

FDFOEB-STALL,  ah.  a  covering — ^usually  the  finger  of  a  glove — ^for 
a  sore  finger  or  thumb.  Com.  'We  'ad*n  a  busy  day  o*  Friday, 
whad  66th  chumin',  bakin*  pork-pies,  an'  renderin'  Lard ;  an'  to  mak* 
amends  I  cut  my  finger,'  but  I  clapt  a  finger-stall  on  an'  went  at  it  as 
if  nuthin'  wuz  the  matter.'  Mr.  Halliwell  says,  '  Finger-stcUl  does  not 
appear  to  be  in  the  dictionaries.  It  is  in  common  use,  and  occurs  in 
FUmo,  p.  139.' 

JfJJIlSHED,  part,  adj.  weak  of  intellect  is  expressed  by  '  not  quite 
finished.* — WoRTHZX,  Cherbury.    Cf.  Half-soaked. 

FimflKIH  [fin'i'kin],  adj.  over-nice;  mincing;  finical  Com. 
'  I  dunna  know  whad  the  fellow  wanted  66th  sich  a  finnikin  piece  as 
'er — 66th  fingers  too  fine  to  keteh  out  o'  the  pig-trough.' 

FnUBALLS,  sb.  pL  fir  cones. — Shrewsbury  ;  Clun  ;  Wkm. 

7I&-B0BS,  idem, — Pulterbatch. 

FIE-BBTTSHES  [fur'-br'aesh-Tz],  sb.  the  needle-foliage  of  fir  trees. — 
Cltjw.    Of.  Way's  note  on  Fyyre  in  Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  162. 

FntE-BBAH'-TAIL,  same  as  Fiery-bran*-tail,  q.  v.— Clun,  TtcUchm; 

OSWESTRT. 

FIBE-70KK,  sb.  a  long-handled,  two-pronged  fork  for  stirring  up 
the  fuel  in  a  bricik-oven. — Pulvbrbatch.  'Sally,  yo'  should'n  a 
brought  the  fire-fork  an'  the  slut  afore  yo'  putten  yore  'ands  i'  the 
flour.' 

*  The  Kytchynge  ,  .  .  one  fire/orke  two  wodden  peeles.' — Inveniory 
.  •  •  Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625.    C£  Oven-pikel. 

FIEXABT  [fur'-muVi'],  sb.  an  infirmary.     Com.     '  Well,  I  hanna 


6L0SSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC   149 

much  consate  o'  them  dub  Doctors ;  if  yo'd  send  'im  to  the  Firmary 
Vd  get  tiie  best  *elp  as  could  be  'adr' 

'  Chambers  wit  chymneyes  *  &  ChapelLs  gaie ; 
And  kychens  for  an  hyje  kinge  '  in  castells  to  holden, 
And  her  dortour  y-dijto  '  vri^  dores  ful  stronge ; 
Fermery  and  firaitur  *  with  f  ele  mo  houses.' 

F.  PL  Cr.yX  212. 
•  Fermerye.    Infirmaria,^ — Prompt.  Parv.    '• 

FIBST-BEOnrHnrO,  ab.,  pec.  the  beginning.  Qy.  com.  'The 
first-heginnin'  on  it  wuz  a  little  pimple  no  bigger  than  a  pin's  yed,  an' 
it  filmed  an'  turned  to  Tantony's-fire,  an'  the  poor  owd  chap's  gotten 
a  despert  leg.' 

FIB8T-F0LE,  sh.  the  ridge  piece  of  the  roof-timbers. — Glun. 

FISOIO  [fiz'gig],  (1)  sK  this  term  implies  a  kind  of  loose  ^shagginess,' 
as  of  fiizzy  hair,  or  of  the  ill-connectod  garnish  of  a  dress. — ^PuiiVER- 
BATGH.     '  Whad  5$th  frills  an'  furbelows,  'er  wuz  all  of  Bkfisgig.* 

(2)  sh.j  al.  ?  sharp,  small  beer. — Shbewsbttbt  ;  Pttltebbatch.  Qy. 
com.     '  A  drop  o'  fisgisi  to  cut  yore  throat.' 

FI8K  [fi's'k],  V,  n.  to  wander ;  to  roam  about  idly. — Shrewsburt, 
VffingUm.    '  Mother,  owd  Eitty  James  wuz  at  the  'arves'-wham  at 
Upton  Magna/    'Bless  me!  1  never  sid  sich  a  5oman  as  'er  fur 
fiikitC  about ;  no  matter  whad's  gwein  on,  'er's  sure  to  be  at  it.' 

'  And  what  £rek  of  f^ys  folde  *  fitketh  )>U8  a-bouto.' 

Piers  PL,  Text  0.,  pass.  x.  L  153. 

Mr.  Skeat's  note  on  this  passage  is: — *Ftsketh,  wanders;  roams. 
As  this  word  is  scarce,  I  give  all  the  instances  of  it  that  I  can  find. 
In  Sir  Oatoayne  and  the  Orene  Knight ,  ed.  Morris,  1.  1704,  there  is 
a  description  of  a  fox-hunt,  where  tho  fox  and  the  hounds  are  thus 
mentioned : — 

**&  he  fyskez  hem  by-fore  •  |>ay  founden  hym  sone" — i.e.  and  he 
(the  fox)  runs  on  before  them  (Uie  hounds) ;  but  they  soon  found 
him.  "  Eyscare  abowte  ydylly ;  Discursor,  discursatrix,  vagulus  vel 
vagator/vagatrix." — Prompt,  Parv,,  p.  162.  **  Fiskin  abowte  yn  ydil- 
nesse ;  Vago,  giro,  girovago." — Ibiai 

"  Such  serviture  also  deserveth  a  check, 
That  runneth  out  fishing,  with  meat  in  his  beck  "  [mouth]. 

TussER,  Five  Hundred  Points,  &o.,  ed.  Mavor,  p.  286. 

'*Then  had  every  flock  his  shepherd,  or  else  shepherds;  now  they 
do  not  only  run  Jwcing  about  from  place  to  place,  .  .  but  covetously 
join  living  to  livmg." — ^WHiTGiFr*8  Works,  i.  628. 

**  I  /y^e,  i.  e.  fretille.  I  praye  you  se  howe  she  fysketh  about." — 
Palso.  * '  Trotiere,  a  raumpe,  fisgig,  fisking  huswife,  raunging  damseU." 
— COTO. 

"  Then  in  a  cave,  then  in  a  field  of  com. 
Creeps  to  and  fro,  andfisketh  in  and  out." 

Duhartas  (in  Nares). 

'*  £[is  roving  eyes  rolde  to  and  fro, 
He  fiskyng  fine,  did  myndng  go.** 

KENDAUi's  Flower  of  Epigrammes,  1677  (Nares). 


150  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

"  Tom  Tankard's  oow    .... 
Flinging  about  his  halfe  aker,  fideing  with  her  taiL**^ 

Oammer  GuriofCB  Needle,  i.  2. 

**  Fieaka,  to  fi»k  the  tail  about ;  to  Juk  up  and  down.*' — 8wed.  Did,, 
by  J.  Serenius.  •*  Fjeska,  v.  n.  to  fidge ;  to  fidget ;  to  fiak'* — Swed.  Diet. 
(Tauchnitz).' 

To  the  eKamplee  of  the  word  fisk  cited  in  the  fcyregoing  note  may 
be  added  the  following  : — '  But  whan  a  stronger  than  he  commetn 
vpon  hym,  whan  the  light  of  goddes  word  is  ones  reueled,  than  he  is 
busi,  then  he  rores,  then  he  fyekes  a  brode,  and  styrreth  Tp  erroniuB 
opinions^  to  sclaunder  godds  word.' — ^Latuisb,  Sermon,  iy.  p.  lOi. 

FI8KT,  adj.  frisky,  as  of  a  kitten,  &c. — Shrkwsbubt,  Uffington, 
Qt  Flak,  above. 

FITCHES  [fich-i'z],  sh,  pi.  vetches.     Com. 

'  Some  countries  are  pinched  of  medow  fbr  hay, 

yet  ease  it  with  JUchis  as  well  as  they  may. 
Which  inned  and  threshed  and  husbandlie  aight, 
keepes  laboring  cattle  in  yerie  good  plight. 

In  threshine  ouifitchis  one  point  I  will  shew, 

first  thresn  out  for  seede  of  the  JUchia  a  few : 
Thresh  few  fro  thy  plowhorse,  thresh  cleane  for  the  cow, 
this  order  in  Norfolke  good  husbands  alow.' 

TussER,  Fiue  Hundred  Pointea  of  Good 
Huahandrie  [December]. 

FITCHET  [fich-i't],  sh.  Puforius  fopAidus,  the  Polecat. — Shrewsbury  ; 
Wem  :  Ellesmebe.  In  the  last  two  of  these  districts  ^tch  is  some- 
times neard  instead  of  fitchet.  The  ionn.  fitchew  occurs  in  P.  PL  Cr., 
1.  295,  and  in  K.  Lear,  IV.  vi.  124. 

FITCHET-PIE,  sb.  a  pie  made  of  apples,  onions,  and  bacon  :  some- 
times cheese  is  substituted  for  the  bacon,  but  it  is  a  departure  from 
'  old  usage.'  This  pie  gets  its  n&aie— -fitchet — ^from  the  strong,  un- 
savoury odour  it  emits  in  baking. 

FITCHOCK  [fich'u'k],  same  as  Fitchet,  ahoye.  —  Shrewsbitry  ; 
Pulvebbatch  ;  Oum ;  Corvb  Dale  ;  Ltjdlgw.  It  is  worthy  of 
remark,  as  showing  the  decay  of  provincialisms,  that  some  words 
linger  on  with  a  wrong  meaning ;  thus  in  Oorye  J)ale  some  there 
begin  [1874]  to  call  a  hedgehog  a  fltchock. 

FITCHOGK-PIE,  same  as  Fitchet-pie,  'made  after  the  original 
receipt.'    The  form  fiichock-pie  follows  fitchock  in  localities. 

FITHESFEW  [fidh-ur'feu],  sh.  PyrSfhrum  PartfiSnium,  common 
Feverfew.    Com. 

* ...  In  English,  Fedder/ew  anri  Feuer/ew It  is  vsed 

both  in  drinks,  and  bound  to  the  wrists  with  bay  salt,  and  the  ponder 
of  glasse  stamped  together,  as  a  most  singular  experiment  against 
the  ague.' — Gerabde^s  Herball,  Bk.  ii.  p.  053. 

*  Fedyrfu  or  fedyrfoy,  herbe.     Fehriffuga.^ — Prompt  Parv. 

A. 8.  fe/er/uge,  f'everfew,  a  herb.     See  Feather/eio,  E.  D.  8.,  C.  ix. 

FITHEES  rfidh-ur'z],  ab.  pi,  var.  pr.  feathers.  Pom.  *  Look  sharp 
an'  strip  them,  fithera,  I  want  'em  to  put  in  a  bouster.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   151 

FITS  AHD  &IBDS,  phr,  fits  and  starts. — Pulverbatch  ;  Welling- 
ton ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmebe.  '  Theer^s  no  'eed  to  be  t^k  o'  that  chap, 
Vs  all  by  fiU  wC  girds,' 

<  Bjftta  and  gtrds^  as  an  ague  takes  a  goose.' 

Rat's  Prwerhs,  p.  272. 
Of.  Hobs  and  Oirds. 

TITTIES  [fit-i'z],  8h,  pi  little  feft :  children's  term.     Com. 

tUTLB,  ah.  victual. — Corte  Dale.  See  Y  (2)  in  Grammar  Out- 
lines {eon/BonanU), 

FLABBOXTS  [Bab  nisi,  adj,  a  term  applied  to  a  slovenly,  loose,  iil- 
fitting  garment. — ^lluoH  Wenlook.    A  coined  word  probably. 

TLhSt  [flag-],  V.  n.  to  fade. — Shbewsbubt  ;  Pulverbatch.  '  If  yo' 
laven  them  flowers  i'  the  sun  they'n^Io^.' 

FLAO-BASKBT,  eh,  a  soft,  flexible  basket,  made  of  flags — a  generic 
term  for  reeds — chiefly  used  by  workmen  for  carrying  their  tools  in. — 
Shrswbbuby  ;  Pttlvxbbatch.  '  I've  bought  satchels  an'  made  bags 
fur  school  till  Fm  tired,  an'  now  Fll  get  a  flag-baaket,  an'  see  if  that'll 
las'  'em.'    Of.  Frail,  also  Budget. 

FLAKE  [flai'k],  v,  n.  to  bask  in  the  sun. — Clun  ;  Ellesmebe. — '  I 
seed  a  ruck  o'  lads  an'  dogs  fldhirC  o'  that  sunny  bonk  o'er-anunst  the 
pentioe'  (Welahampton). 

FLAKY-SPAB  [flai'ki'  spaa'r'],  eh.  Calcic  carbonate^  Calc-spar. — 
PuLVERBATOH,  Bnailbeo/ih  ;  M.  T.  The  local  name  given  to  this  spar 
is  very  likely  due  to  the  manner  in  which  its  beautiful  rhomboidal 
prisms  sever  ox  flake. 

FLAHHEV  [flani'n],  sh.,  var.  pr.  flannel     Com. 

'  I  wad  na  been  surpris'd  to  spy 
Ton  on  an  auld  wile's  flainen  toy.' 

BoBERT  BiTRNS,  Poenu,  p.  74,  I  19,  c.  2. 

W.  gwlanen,  flannel ;  from  gwlan,  wool, 

FLAHS,  sb.  pi.  stony  pieces  of  coal  that  won't  bum. — Clee  Hills. 
'  No  o8nder  theer's  no  fire,  that  coal's  nuthin'  i'  the  world  but  flans.* 
Of. 


FLAP,  sb,  a  tearcrumpet.  —  Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch;  Wem. 
*  I  went  to  see  the  poor  owd  Missis  las'  wik,  an'  fund  'er  busy  makin' 
flaps,  so  I  buttered  'em  off  the  bak'stwun,  an'  we'd'n  a  rar*  joram,  an' 
a  good  bit  o'  cant  into  the  bargain.'  Molly  Preece  of  Church  Pulver- 
batch, who  followed  the  calung  of  a  crumpet-maker  [1838],  was 
generally  known  in  her  neighbourhood  as  Pally  Flap.  See  Flap-Jack, 
below.    Of.  Pikelets. 

FLAP-JACK,  same  as  Flap,  above. — Colliery. 

'  First  Fisherman Come,  thou  shalt  go  home,  and  we'll 

have  flesh  for  holidays,  flsh  for  fasting  days,  and  moreo'er  puddings 
and  flap-jacks  ;  and  mou  shalt  be  welcome.' — PerideSf  II.  i.  87. 

Flap-jack  appears  to  be  generally  glossed  pancake.    Bee  Narss  and 
Haluwell. 


152  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

FLASH  [flash'],  ^.  a  shailow  pool  of  water  left  after  heavy  rainB  (x 
flooda.--CLUv;  Ellbsicbrb;  Oswsstrt. 

*  Fl<u$he,  watyr.  Lacuna,  Cath.  Plasche,  orflasehe,  where  reyne 
watyr  stondythe  (or  pyt).'  ' .  .  •  .  IJhe  following  distinction  is  here 
made :  Plasche,  flascne,  or  hroke :  Torrens,  lacuna,  Plasche,  or  fiaach 
after  a  rayne :  Colluvio,  colluvium,' — Prompt,  Parv,  and  NoU$, 

YLhM,  sb.  pi.  same  as  Feelings,  q.  v. — ^Whitchurch. 

FLAT-STOVE^  a  measure  of  iron-stone.— Colliert  ;  M.  T. 

FLAX,  sb.  Curruca  cinerea,  common  Whitethroat. — ^Nbwfort.  Cf. 
Jack-straw.    See  Hay-tick. 

FLAT  [flai*],  (1)  v.  a.  to  pare  the  turf  off  grass  land.  Com.  See 
Flaying-spade,  helow. 

(2)  ab.  part  of  a  plough :  it  goes  hefore  the  coulter,  and  pares  off 
the  surface  of  the  ground,  turning  it  under  the  ftirrow  which  the 
plouffh  makes,  and  so  hurying  grass  or  weeds  more  effectually  than 
could  otherwise  be  done.  Com.  '  Be  sure  an'  pfit  the  flay  dip  enough 
to  cover  it  under.' 

'  Iron  wheel  plough  withyZay.' — Audicneer^a  CataJogtie  (Stoddesden), 
1870.    Cf.  Skelp. 

FLATDIO-SPADE,  #&.,  oba.  Y  an  implement  for  paring  off  the  surface 
of  rough  grajas  land  for  bumine. — Whitchttrch,  Tilatock.  The 
flaying-apade  is  about  nine  inches  broad  and  three  inches  deep ;  it  is 
slightly  curved  and  '  dishing '  in  shape.  The  handle,  which  is  about 
four  feet  in  length,  is  made  of  a  rude  stick  naturally  formed  for 
adaptation  to  the  purpose  of  working  the  implement,  that  is,  after 
the  manner  of  a  '  breast  plough.'    See  Betting-iron. 

FLEAK  [flek-],  sb.  a  hurdle.  —  Oswestrt.  '  Hec  cratis,  a  fleL' 
Ncminate,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  L  p.  234. 

*  Fleyke,  or  hyrdylle,  Pleda^  flectay  cratis,* — Prompt,  Parv.  See 
Way's  note.  <O.Icel  fleki;  O.Du.  vlaek,  fleak  (flaik),  hurdle,'  in 
Strat. 

FLECKED  [flek't],  part,  adj.^  obsols.  spotted ;  streaked. — ^Pulver- 
BATCH.  *  Ah !  it  wuz  pretty  down  i'  the  Glibe  IGhbe]  ;  I  could  a 
stopt  theer  all  day  to  watch  the  little  prill,  an'  look  at  the  grafls 
fledced  66th  sunshine  through  the  trees,  an'  think  'ow  we  wun  used 
to  swingle  theer.'  The  QUbe  here  spoken  of  is  the  beautiful  wooded 
dell — ^through  which  a  brook  *  flows  on,  for  ever,  ever' — situated 
between  Churton  and  Castle  Place. 

' and  wonderful  foules, 

With  flekked  fetheres  *  and  of  fele  coloures.' 

Piera  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  xi.  1.  321. 

'  The  ^;rey-eyed  mom  smiles  on  the  frowning  night, 
Chequennff  the  eastern  clouds  with  streaks  of  light, 
And  y7ecA:ea  darkness  like  a  drunkard  reels 
From  forth  day's  path,  and  Titan's  fiery  whoels.' 

Bcineo  and  Juliet,  U.  iii.  3. 

Cf .  Du.  vUk,  a  spot ;  whence  vlekken,  to  spot. 

FLED  [fled-],  (1^  pref.  and  part.  past,  flew;  flown.  Com.  *The 
'en  fl^  across  tno  path.'    *  The  cork's  fled  out  o'  the  bottle.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  BTC   153 

'  And  than  anone  one  of  the  byrdes  fledde  fro  the  tree  to  saynt 
Brandon.'— TAc  Oclden  Legend^  ed.  Wynkyn  de  Worde.  Publications 
of  Percy  Society,  1844. 

(2)  vo^fi'  pati'  taken ;  gone :  as  of  crops — ^roots  or  cereals— that 
from  fly,  worm,  or  other  causes  have  failed  either  wholly  or  in  part. 
Com.  '  They'n  be  a  poor  crop  o'  turmits ;  they  bin  most  on  em  fled, 
an*  the  rest  looken  despert  simple.' 

(3)  part,  past,  gone ;  fSeided :  as  of  colour.— Shrewsbubt  ;  Pulveb- 
BATCH.  Qy.  com.  '  I  doubt  it  5onna  be  sarviceable ;  Pd  a  gownd 
Bummat  like  it  wunst,  an'  the  colour  all  fled  afore  oyer  it  wuz  wesht.' 

FLEETDTOS  Fflee'tinz],  ab.  pi,  same  as  Cruds,  q.  y. — Whitohurch, 
Cheshire  Border.  In  tiie  process  of  preparation,  the  fleetinga  rise  to 
the  surface  of  the  whey,  and  are  then  skunmed  off,  whence  the  term. 
'  To  fleet,  or  skim  the  cream,  is  a  yerb  still  commonly  used  in  East 
Anglia,  and  the  utensil  which  seryes  for  the  purpose  is  termed  a 
yleettn^-dish.  "  I  flete  mylke,  take  away  the  creame  that  lyeth  aboye 
.it  whan  it  hath  rested.  — Palsg.  ** Eahurrer,  to  fleet  uie  creame 
potte  ;  laid  esburrS,  fleeted  milke ;  maigne,  fleeted  milke,  or  wheye." 
— ^HoUyband's  Treasurie.  '*  EscreiTiS,  fleeted,  as  milke,  uncreamed." 
— Goto.    A.S.  flet,  flos  ladis.'—'WAY,  in  Prompt,  Parv,,  p.  166. 

FLEX  [flem*],  sb.  a  mill-stream,  i,  e,  the  channel  of  water  from  the 
main  stream  to  the  mill,  below  which  the  streams  reimite. — Shrews- 
BTJRY;  PuLyERBATCH.  *  We  wenten  smack  into  another  "trap" 
[yehide]  jest  on  the  flem  bridge  at  the  Hook-a-gate ;  if  s  a  great 
ddnder  £nem  or  us  didna  g55  o'er  into  it.'  Flem  is  a  corrupt  form  of 
flum,  an  old  word  found  in  the  early  writers.  The  expression  *  the 
flum  Jordan '  occurs  in  the  Story  of  Genesis  and  Exodus  [a.d.  1230, 
circa"],  ed.  Morris,  L  806,  E.  £.  T.  S.  Flum  also  occurs  in  Layamon, 
1.  542,  and  Ormuium,  1.  10342  (both  about  A.D.  1200).  It  is  probably 
O.Fr.  flum,  from  Lat.  flumen,  a  riyer.  Of.  Flam  in  E.  D.  S.,  B.  ziy. 
See  Bylet. 

FLEH  [flen*],  sb,  pi,  Heaa, — Shrewsburt  ;  PcLyERBATCH ;  Bishop's 
Castle  ;  Clun  ;  CoRyE  Dale  ;  Glee  Hills.  Qy.  com.  in  S.  Shr. 
*  I  oouldna  sleep  for  the  flen  ;  I  wuz  scroutin  at  'em  all  night.' 

'  Awake,  thou  cook,'  quod  he,  '  god  yeue  the  sorwe, 
What  eyleth  the  to  slepe  by  the  morwe  ? 
Hastow  hadyfeen  al  nyght,  or  artow  dronke  P' 

Chattcer,  H.  17  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

Old  Munslow  of  the  Thresholds,  Salop,  a  well-known  local  *  char- 
acter '  in  his  day-— about  1820 — ^was  wont  to  say  *  as  Gk>d  made  the 
d5nt8,  but  the  deyil  made  the  rots  an'  flen,*  He  held  a  singular  per- 
suasion that  the  Supreme  Being  created  only  what  was*  good  and 
useful ;  and  that  to  the  Prince  of  Darkness  might  be  ascribed  the 
existence  of  all  that  was  the  reyerse  of  these.    Hence  his  dictum 

upon  the  '  roU  an*  flen,*    A.S.  fle&,  pi.  fl^n,    Cf.  Fluff    See  Odnt. 

FLESH-FOEK,  sb,  a  long,  two-pronged,  iron  fork  for  getting  up 
meat  out  of  a  pot  or  caldron — the  prongs  are  curyed  at  the  end. — 
PuLyERBATCH.  Qj.  com.  'Dick  s'ore  'e  could  ate  more  poncake 
than  we  could'n  stick  the  flesh-fork  throu'.'  Compare  1  Sam,  ii.  13, 
14,  where  the  flesh-hook  is  said  to  haye  '  three  teeth.'  Flesh-hook 
occurs  in  Chaucer : — 


154  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

*  Ful  hard  it  Ib,  with  iteUchhok  or  with  cwdes 
To  ben  ydawed,  or  brend,  or  i-bake.' 

Sompnaur^B  Tale,  7312,  in  BiUe  Word-Book. 

FLESH-MBAT,  sh.  butcher^fl  meat.  Com.  *  Piiddin'  an'  pancake's 
all  very  well  wunsi  an'  a  way,  but  theer's  nuthin'  like  a  good  dinner 
o*  flesh-mate  for  satisfyin'  the  stomach,  as  I  'eard  a  lickle  girld  say 
Ven  'er  wnz  stuck  d6th  'er  pancake—"  Ok  dear  I  throat  foil  an'  belly 
empty  I " ' 

FLIGOT  [flig*in»  (1)  OL^J'  ^urds  whose  down  is  changing  to  feathers 
are  said  to  be  fliggy. — Clbe  Hills. 

' .  .  .  .  it  is  reported,  the  seid  sone  hath  geye  gret  sylver  to  the 
Lords  in  the  nortn  to  bryng  the  matier  a  bowte,  and  now  he  and  alle 
his  olde  felaweship  put  o^  their  fynnes,  and  am  rjght  flmge  and 
mery,  hopyng  alle  tnyngis  and  shalbe  as  they  wole  mtye  iw-^Pcuton 
Letters,  A.D.  1461,  yol.  i.p.  644. 

*  Flygge  as  bryddis.  Maiurus,  volatilis.  **  Flyggenesse  of  byrdes, 
plumevset^"  —  Palso.  A.  8.  fliSgan,  yolare;  flyge,  fuga.' — Ptompt. 
Parv.  and  Notes.     Cf.  Flush  (1). 

(2)  adj.  birds  when  imperfectly  pludced  are  said  to  be  fliggy* — 
Glee  Hills. 

(3)  adj,  yery  light  in  the  crop  and  small  in  the  ear ;  said  of  grain. — 
Pulverbatch;  Cleb  Hills;  Wem;  Elleshbre.  *Wy  it  55nna 
stond  to  the  scythe,  ifs  so  nation  ylt^^y.'    Cf.  Iiathy  (2). 

(4)  adj,  soft,  as  from  saturation. — WWM.  *  Trapsin'  about  i'  the  wet's 
made  my  boots  as  fliggy  as  con  be.' 

FLIOHT  fflei-t],  (1)  sb.  a  crop. — Clbb  HiLiiB;  Clun  ;  Ludlow. 
'  Theer'll  DC  another  >If^^  o'  mushrooms  after  a  bit.'    Of.  Hit. 

(2)  a  family. — Pulybbbatch ;  Glee  Hills;  Wem.  "£  married 
agen,  an'  now  theer's  a  second  ^f^^t.' 

FLIVT-COAL,  sb.  It  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  Coal-field  and 
Ckml-namea,  pp.  90,  91,  that  there  are  two  seams  of  Flint-coaly  whidi 
are  distinguished  as  Big  and  Little :  the  former  is  a  '  good  burning  cool,' 
the  latter  a  '  good  smelting  coaL' 

;<*The  Big  Flint"  has  no  characteristic  fossQ,  but  the  "LitUe 
Flint "  has  imbedded  in  it  the  stems  of  Stigmaria,  composed  of  sand- 
stone. The  rock  oyerlying  it  also  contains  similar  i^ecimens.' — 
From  Notes  on  the  Shropshire  Coal-Field,  by  T.  Pakton,  F.G.S.,  1868. 

FLISBIET  [flis'ki'],  sb,  a  sloyenly,  ill-pressed  woman. — Whitghubch. 
'  'Er's  an  owd  fliskey  as  eyer  wuz  seed.' 

FLIT  [flit'],  V.  n,  to  remoye  from  one  house  to  another ;  to  change 
the  abode. — Shbewsbuby;  Newport;  Whitohubgh;  Ellesmbkb. 
Qy.  com. 

*  Thow  sail  haiff  leiff  to  fysche,  and  tak  the  ma ; 
All  this  forsuth  sail  in  our  flytiyng  ea. 
We  serff  a  lord ;  thir  fysche  sail  till  him  gang.' 

Hekby  the  MmsTREL  (A.D.  1461,  circa),  Wallace,  Bk.  L 
Specim.  Eng,  Lit.,  1.  396. 

*  To  fliite  from  place  to  place  is  no  poyncte  of  lightenesse  of  man ; 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  155 

but  an  euident  oigne  of  the  diaritee,  that  suche  as  folowe  tha  steppes 
of  the  Apostles  ought  to  haue.' — XJdal's  Erasmus  [1548],  Luke,  foL 
51  b,  in  mhk  Wwd-Bock, 

•  Wi'  tentie  care  111  flii  thy  tether 

To  some  hain'd  riff, 
Whare  ye  may  nobly  rax  your  leather, 
Wi'  sma'  fatigue.' 
EoBXRT  Bufiira,  Pcmvim,  p.  54, 1. 15,  a  2. 

•  Fluttin  OP  remeyyfi  (away).'  —  Prompt.   Pare,     Dan.  fi^ftte,  — 
Idem.     Of.  Shift  (4). 

FLITCHEH  [flich'i'n],  (1)  d).  a  flitch  of  bacon.  Com.  <  I  shall 
tak'  a  flikhen  an'  a  couple  o'  'ams  to  the  nex'  far ;  they'n  sell  well 
now  that  the  green  nase  bin  oomen  in.' 

*Yower  flitchins  m  bacon  and  Martlemas  beef.' — Invefniory^  Stnit- 
ford  on  Avon  MSS.,  in  Wb. 

(2)  Bh,  a  fa,t  child,  or  over-fed  person.    Com.     '  Inna-d-e  gotten  a 
great  yfttcAen;' 

niTTER-MOVSE,  eh,  PleiStm  communie,  the  Long-eared  Bat — 
Wbm. 

*  And  giddy  flitter-mice  with  leather  wings.' 

Bev  Jonson,  Sad  Shepherdy  ii.  8,  in  Nares. 

C£  Bit-bat,  also  Leather-bat. 

FLOAT,  t;.  a.  to  irrigate  meadow-land  by  means  of  sluices  and  flood- 

fates.  Com.   '  Owd  Mrs.  Byuman  [Beamond]  wuz  a  reg'lar  m&nikin ; 
'ye  eid  'er  56th  a  noud  red  cloak  on,  fioatirC  the  Bam  meadow  Ven 
it  wunna  fit  fur  no  55man  to  be  out.' 

FLOATIHO-SHOYEL,  ah.,  ohsdUA  a  long,  narrow  spade  used  for 
draining  purposes :  it  is  about  three  inches  longer,  and  two  and  a  half 
inches  narrower,  in  the  blade  than  an  ordinary  spade  is. — PuiiTSK- 
BATCH.    Cf.  Orafting-tool  (2). 

FLOllAUUJLY  [flum-u'ki'l,  adj.  slovenly ;  ill-dressed. — Sh&ewbbubt  ; 
WoRTHBiT.     *  A  flommucky  sort  o*  55man«' 

FLUES  [Aoo'e],  sb.pL  farriers'  lancets.  Qy.  com.  This  term  is  always 
used  in  the  plural  form.  The  fluea  consist  of  several  lancets,  varying 
in  size,  which  close  into  a  *  haft '  like  the  blades  of  a  pocket-knife. — 
See  Blood-stick. 

FLUFF  ffluf],  (l)8b.8L  flea. — Chubch  Strbtton  ;  Wbm  ;  Ellbsmere. 
Generally  heard  in  the  plural  form  fiuffa.    A  S.  fledy  a  flea.    Cf.  Flen. 

(2)  v.  a.  to  clean  from  fleas,  as  dogs  and  cats  do. — Ibid,    *  The  dog's 
flujin'  'imself.' 

FLUMBBrY  [fium'brT],^^.,  var.  pr.  flummery  made  from  oats — thus  : 
the  oats,  having  been  kiln-dried,  are  ground,  husks  and  all ;  they  are 
then  soaked  in  water  for  three  or  four  days  till  they  become  sour, 
after  which  the  water  is  strained  from  them  and  boiled  to  a  jelly. 
This  is  eaten  with  milk  or  beer,  and  even  with  wine  '  amongst  the 
betterly  people.' — Shbewsbtjbt  ;  Cluit.  Flumbry  seems  to  have  been 
introduced  dv  the  Welsh,  with  whom,  in  many  places,  it  is  a  staple 
article  of  food.    W.  Llymru,  flummery. 


156  SHBOPSHIBB  WORD-BOOK. 

FLUBy  sh.  a  floor.    See  Oo  (8)  in  Orammar  Ouflinei  {vatoels,  &c.). 

FLTTSH  rflush'],  (1)  adj\  fledged.  Com.  <  Turn  knows  to  a  thrustle'g 
nist  odth  five  young  uns,  but  they  binna  flush  yet.'    Cf.  Tliggy  (1). 

(2^  sh,  a  ahow,  as  of  early  grass. — ^Pulyebbatch  ;  Weh.  '  I  call 
it  a  iat  spring,  now  close  upon  May-Day,  an*  no  gniss — on'y  a  bit  of 
Afltuh.' 

(3)  a  sudden  rise  in  a  stream,  such  as  would  be  caused  l^  a 
thunder-storm  a  few  miles  up :  it  n^idly  subsides,  and  thus  differs 
from  a  flood.  —  Shrewsbuky  ;  Pulvekbatch;  Worthen;  Cluk; 
Wem.  '  Theer's  a  fine  flush  V  the  Sivem ;  they'n  ketcht  it  among  the 
Welsh  *ills  someweer.*  Compare  Spenss&'s  *  flushing  blood,'  that  iS) 
flowing  rapidly.-— 1*.  Q.,  Bk.  lY.  c.  tl  st  zzix.    Of.  Shut  (4). 

(4)  adj\  liberal;  lavish.  Com.  "£'s  more  flush  odth  'is  money 
than  sense.' 

(5)  sh.  a  hand  of  cards  all  of  one  suit.    Com.    See  for  this,  Hal 

FLU8XEB  [fluskur'],  (1)  v,  n.  to  hurry.  Qy.  com.  « Ifluskered  to 
get  all  done  an'  be  ready  for  church,*  Flusher  would  seem  to  be  a 
corrupted  form  of  fluster,  O.Norse,  flaustr,  precipitancy ;  oyer-haste, 
in  Wedo. 

(2)  sh.  a  state  of  confusion.  Qy.  com.  'I  warrant  if  we  bin  in 
a  flusker  somebody's  sure  to  come.' 

FLUTTER  [flut'ur'],  v.  a.  to  agitate ;  to  confuse ;  to  make  nervous. 
Qy.  com.  '  I  tell  yo'  whad — it  inna  a  good  thing  to  live  athin  crow 
o'  the  lanlord's  cock,  fur  on  a  busy  day  the  Squire's  aumust  sure  to 
come  in,  an'  it  flutters  me  till  I  dunnaknow  whad  I'm  sayin'  to  'im.' 

(2)  sh,  a  state  of  agitation,  &a  Qy.  com.  '  It  p&t  me  all  of  a 
flutter.' 

FLY-FLAP,  sh.  the  '  clapper '  used  by  butchers  to  hit  flies  with.— 
PuLYERBATCH.  Qy.  com.  '  I  toud  'im  whad  wua  the  matter ;  I  come 
dab  on  'im  jest  like  a  butcher's  fly-flap.* 

FLT-OANO;  sh.  a  band  of  labourers  who  engage  to  do  harvesting  of 
other  work  for  the  farmers,  and  take  it  by  the  piece.  The  fly-gang  is 
headed  by  a  gaffer. — Newport.    See  Oaffer  (3).    Cf.  Taskera. 

VOLLOWf  sh.,  var.  pr.  a  fallow. — Ludlow,  Bur/ord. 

FOLLOWEB,  sh.  a  dairy  utensil :  it  is  used  for  pressing  the  curd  in 
the  cheese-vat. — Clee  Hills. 

*  Cheeae-YfiiBf  followers^  and  suitors.' — Auctioneer^ s  Catcdcgue  (Sto^!^ 
desden),  1870. 

FOOT  [fut-],  (!)  sh.  feet  (of  measure).  Com.  *I  want  a  bwurd 
about  four/ut  lung  pCit  by  the  back-dur  far  the  men's  bottles.' 

'  Made  hem  to  huppe  *  half  an  hundret  footer 
forte  seche  bo|>em  *  )>er  \fei  non  sei^en.' 

Joseph  of  Aramathie,  L  14. 

(2)  sh.  the  body  of  a  plough. — ^Whitghttrch.    Qy.  com. 

'  My  plow-fote  shal  be  my  pyk-staf  *  and  pioche  atwo  ^  rotes, 
And  helpe  my  culter  to  kerue  *  and  dense  ]>e  forwes.' 

Piers  Pl.y  Text  B.,  pass.  vi.  1.  lOd. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   157 

The  jHow-fote  of  Piers  the  Plowman  was  not,  however,  the  hody  of 
the  plough,  but  was  an  appendage  to  the  beam  for  regulating  the 
deptn  to  whidi  the  plough  should  enter  the  earth — *  a  staye  to  order 
of  what  depones  the  ploughe  shotQd  go.'  See  Mr.  Skeat's  Notes  on 
P.  PI,  E.  E.  T.  S.,  p.  161. 

In  the  description  of  a  plough  in  The  Treatise  of  Walter  de  Bibles- 
worth,  close  of  ziiL  cent,  '  Le  chef  e  le  fenoun*  is  glossed  *  the  plou- 
heyed  and  theyixrf.' — ^We.  yocabs.,  voL  i.  p.  168, 

Amongst  the  seventeen  *  Parts  of  a  Plow '  enumerated  by  Handle 
Holme  is  '  The  Foot,^  which,  he  says, '  is  the  piece  of  Hooked  or  Bended 
Wood,  at  the  end  of  the  Plow,  under  the  Suck ;  which  is  to  keep  it 
firom  going  too  deep  in  the  earth.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  ITT,  ch. 
viii  p.  333. 

FOOT-ALE,  sb,  ale  given  to  the  older  workmen  by  an  apprentice  or 
'  new  hand**  as  an  entrance  fee  on  taking  his  place  amongst  them. 
— PuLVEBBATCH ;  Nbwpobt.  Qy.  com.  *  Jack,  yo'  munna  be  away 
o'  Monday,  theer's  two/i4-a^e«  to  be  paid.' 

FOOTIHO,  (1)  eh,  same  as  Foot-ale,  above.— i^itf. 

(2)  sh.  a  fine  demanded  by  craftsmen  from  gentlefolk  who  make 
experimental  use  of  their  implements  of  trade.    Qy.  com. 

FOOTSOHE  [fut-sum],  sh.  neat's-foot  oil — ^Pulverbatch  ;  Worthbn. 

FOBECAST  [for'-kast],  (1)  ah.  forethought.  Com.  '  Forecast 's  the 
best  afe  o'  the  work ;  if  yo'  dunna  know  whad  yo'  bin  gwein  about, 
'ow  shan'ee  know  'ow  lung  if  U  tak*.' 

'  Forecast  is  better  than  work-hard.' 

Ray's  Proverbs,  p.  109. 


inclination  that  way,  but  lived  as  if  hee  designed  to  bee  his  owne 
heire,  but  did  jioiforeocut  to  keepe  any  thing  to  maintaine  him  if  hee 
happened  to  live  unto  old  age.' — Gouoh's  History  of  Myddle,  p.  189. 

*  To  forectut,     Prospicere,  prouidere,   prseoognoscere.'  —  Baebt, 
Alvearie  [1580],  in  Bible  Word^Booh. 

*  Dere  broker,*  qua>  Peres  •  *  )>e  devell  is  ful  queynte ; 
To  encombren  holy  Ghurche  *  he  caste>  ful  harae. 
And  fluriche)>  his  falsnes  *  opon  fele  wise. 
And  for  he  cade}^  Uhfom  *  f^e  folke  to  destroye.' 

P.  PI,  Cr.,  1.  485. 

*  Gf.  Casie  for  to  goon,  or  purpose  fior  to  ddn'  any  othyr  thynge.' 
— Tendo,  intendo,  in  Prompt,  Parv. 

# 

FOSE-EHD  [for' 'end''],  (I)  8h.  the  beginning  of  a  week,  month,  or 
year. — Ellehmerk    Qy.  com. 

' and,  this  twenty  years, 

This  rock  and  these  demesnes  have  been  my  world : 
Where  I  have  lived  at  honest  freedom,  paid 


158  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

ICore  pious  debts  to  heaven  tlian  in  all 

The  fore^end  of  my  time.' — Cymheline,  UL  iii.  73. 

CC  Vorrat-part. 

(2)  sh.  the  fore-part  of  a  thing — '  the  fa^^end  o'  the  waggin'.'— 
Pl'lysrbatch.    Qy.  com. 

FOBEIOITES  rfnr^'rnuT'],  «&.,  pec,  a  stranger ;  one  who  belongs  to 
another  neighbourhood  or  county. — Church  Stretton.  Qy.  com. 
'  Dun'ee  know  who  that  mon  is  ?  rye  sid  'im  about  this  good  wilde.' 
'No,  *e'8  a  furriner  V  these  parts;  Vs  from  'ereford  way  they 
tellen  me.' 

*  Upon  this  common  [Haremeare]  there  is  a  ^^reat  store  of  free  stone 
very  usefull  for  building.  The  inhabitants  within  the  Manner  pay 
to  the  Lord  one  shilling  for  ey^ry  hundred  (that  is  six  score)  foot  <n 
stone,  but  Forainers  paye  one  shilling  and  sixpence.'  —  uouoh's 
Hiatory  of  Myddle^  p.  32. 

FOBE-TOKEV  [for'-toa*'kn],  $K,  obsols.  a  warning. — PtTLYSRBATCH. 
'  Jack  come  wham  star'in  like  a  throttled  ar,  an'  said  'e'd  sid  sominat 
i'  the  Boggy-leasowglimmerin'  like  a  pot  o'  brimston',  an'  it  wuz  sore 
to  be  a  joT^'icken,  The  chaps  persuaden  'im  it  wuz  the  Devil's  lontmi, 
an'  frittened  'im  out  on  'is  wits.'  *  WeU,  it'll  bd  a  mighty  good  job  if 
'e  tak's  wamin',  fur  'e's  a  despert  gallus  chap.' 

'  To  loke  yf  he  him  wolde  amende, 
To  him  dkfoTt-iohen  he  sonde.' 

GowER,  M8,  Soc,  Antiq.  134,  f.  56,  m  Hal. 

FOSOOTTEH,  adj.  neglected ;  out  of  the  way. — Corvb  Balb,  A 
very  secluded  little  hamlet  in  '  the  Dale '  was  described  as  a  *  forgotten 
kind  of  place.'    Of.  Forsaken,  below. 

FOEHICATE,  v,  a.,  pec.  to  tell  lies ;  to  invent  falsehoods  =  to  foige. 
— Shrewbbttrt;  Pttlvbrbatch.  Qy.  com.  *It  wuz  a  downright 
lie,  an'  'e  can  fornicate  'em  as  &st  as  a  'orse  can  trot' 

FOSBAT  [for'ni't],  adj.,  var.  pr.  forwaid;  early.  Com.  'John 
Griffl's  'as  got  a  capital  crop  o*forrat  'tatoes— 'e  says  they  bm  the  best 
an'  yarliest  i'  this  country ;  'e  al'ays  reckons  to  a  new  'tatoee  fur  Sing 
CharUe' [May  29th]. 

'  Tes !  there  is  ane ;  a  Scottish  callan — 
There's  aae ;  oome/orrtt,  honest  Allan ! 
Thon  need  na  jonk  behint  the  hallan, 

A  chiel  sae  clever.' 
BoBXRT  Burns,  Poeme,  p.  114, 1.  5,  c.  2. 
Cf.  Pnun  (1). 

FOB&AT-PAET,  phr.  same  as  Fore-end  (1). — Shrewsbury. 

FO^AKEH y  adj.  a  term  chiefly  applied  to  a  very  evil  person,  or  a 
very  remote  place.— CoRVE  Dalb.    Of.  Forgotten,  above. 

FOBSOOKy  pret.  for  part,  past,  forsakea.     Com. 

'  Emil.  Hath  theform>ok  so  many  noble  matches, 
Her  fftther,  aad  her  ooontry,  and  her  friends  P ' 

Otheih,  IV.  ii.  125. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   159 

' .  .  .  .  .  what  yast  regions  hold 
The  immortal  mind  that  h&ih  forsook 
Her  mansion  in  this  fleshly  nook.' 

Milton,  H  Penseroso,  1.  91. 

FOBTY-LEOS,  sh,  Julite  terreatrie,  the  common  Millipede. — PuLyER- 

BATCH. 

FO£TT-SA'-OB^  LIKE  OBITCH'S  COWT,  pJir.  a  common  expres- 
sion— ^heard  with  yariations  in  different  locaHties,  as  Boden  or  Bowson 
for  Obitch — applied  to  i>er8ons  of  a  '  certain  age'  who  affect  youthfol 
manners.    See  Grammar  Outlines  {adjectives  of  numeration),  p.  xly. 

POE'YED  [for'yed*'],  *6.,  var.  pr,  the  forehead. — PuLyERBATCH. 
Qy.  com.  <  Aye,  I  dar'say  Tore  sorrow  is  summat  like  owd  Tunkise's, 
w  en  'e  cried  &r  'is  wife  tell  the  tears  ronnen  up  is/or^yed.* 

FOSSET  [fos-i't],  sb.  a  faucet. — Shbewsburt;  PuLrBRBATCH.  Qy. 
com.  '  I  hrewed  a  drop  o'  fresh  drink  i'  the  arpigot-stean ;  5on  yo'  be 
80  good  as  len'  me  ycfre/oBset,  fdr  mine's  split. 

' .  .  .  you  wear  out  a  good  wholesome  forenoon  in  hearing  a  cause 
between  an  orange- wife  and  a/oMe^-seUer.' — CorioJanuSy  H.  i.  79. 

'  Fausset^  petite  brochette  de  bois,  eeryant  i  boucher  le  trou  que  Ton 
fait  d  un  tonneau.    Fattoet  or  peg.' — Chamb.    Cf.  Lat.  fauces, 

FOT  [fot-l,  prei.  fetched.— Newport.     ''Efoi  a  jug  o'  eel  fur  'em.' 
'  Also  ^e  that  tolde  me  this  seid  that  it  were  better  for  y ow  to  come 
up  than  to  hefoUe  out  of  your  house  wiUi  Btreingth.'~P(u<ofi  Letters^ 
A.D.  1461,  yoL  ii.  p.  54.     Of.  Fat. 

FOTHEB  [fodh'ui^],  (I)  sh.  fodder,  more  especially  dry  food,  such 
as  hay,  cut  straw,  ftc.    Oom. 

'  For  men,  I'ye  three  mischieyous  boys, 
Bun  de'ils  for  rantin'  an'  ioir  noise ; 
A  gaudsman  ane,  a  thrashef  t'oti^r. 
Wee  Dayook  hauds  the  nowte  mf other' 

BoBERT  Burns,  Poems,  p.  104, 1.  37. 

*AlUudo^  fMihur,'  occurs  in  an  AS.  Vocaluta/ryi  yui.  cent,  in  Wr. 
yocabs.,  yoL  ii  p.  100.  *A^Q.fdderyf6dder;  O.IceL/Wr;  O.H.  Qerm, 
fuctar,  fodder;  pabulum,' — Strat. 

(2)  t;.  a.  to  giye  horses  and  cattle  their  fodder.  Oom.  '  Wy,  Turn, 
whadeyer  han  'ee  bin  doin'  P  yo'  hanna  gid  them  hefts'  thor  f other  ;  an' 
yo'  hanna  littered  anythin'  as  I  can  see.  By  g^um  I  yo'  bin  bwtm- 
lasy ;  our  Maister  551  a  to  come  an'  father  'em  'isseLF  jest  now.'  The 
rule  is  to  father  horses  and  cattle, /Mci  sheep,  and  9erve  piga  Of.  the 
following: — 

'  With  her  mantle  tucked  yp 
^e»  fathered  her  flocke.' 

Percy  Folio  MS,,  Leo9e  Songs,  p.  58. 

FOUS,  sb,  a  fann-yard :  the  tenn  is  not  restricted  to  any  one  part 
ot  a  iarm-yard ;  as,  for  instance,  to  a  space  bedded  up  for  stock ;  but 
it  oomprehends  the  whole  enelosure.  Sometimes,  but  rarely,  it  is 
called  *  the  fouid,'  Oom.  '  They  bin  yarly  folks ;  tiie  cows  bin  milked 
an'  out  o'  the/oud  eyery  monaa'  afbie  six.' 


160  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  The  Qarden  [of  the  PlEuwmage  House]  containeing  about  the  eighth 
parte  of  an  acre ;  the  Fowl  yard  oontameing  about  the  eighth  parte 
of  an  acre ;  the  3rard  containeing  about  a  quarter  of  an  acre;  the 
Fould  yarde  containeing  about  the  gixteenth  parte  of  an  acre.' — 
GOUOH^  History  of  Myddle,  p.  21. 

A.S.  /aid,  a  fold. 

POTOHTEF,  pret  and  part,  past,  fought — Newport.  Qy.  com. 
'  They  etooden  up  an'  foughten  vldl  *itten  out  like  men ;  but  they  'adna 
foughten  manny  minutes  afore  the  Sergeant  ooom  oop,  an'  they  wun 
soon  parted  then.' 

<  WiUiam  St  his  wi^es  *  so  wonderli  fou^ten, 
^t  )^  felden  here  fon  *  fed  fast  to  grounde.' 

William  of  PaUme,  L  3414. 

*  At  mortal  bataiUes  hadde  he  ben  fiftene, 
And  foughten  for  cure  feith  at  Tramassene 
In  lystes  thries,  and  ay  slayn  his  foo.' 

Chaucer,  Tne  Prologue,  L  62,  ed.  Monis. 

Cf:  Shakespeare's  '  weH-fougJUen  field.'— JT.  Henry  V.,  lY.  Ti.  18. 

FOUL,  adj.  plain ;  homely  of  feature ;  ugly.  Com.  An  old  man 
who  was  towing  a  bar^  on  the  canal  near  Ellesmere,  was  met  by  a 
bevy  of  nice-looking  girls ;  he  courteously  lowered  the  tow-line  and 
stood  on  one  side  to  make  way  for  them,  regarding  them  attentLvely, 
but  with  a  most  respectful  air,  as  one  by  one  they  filed  past  him ; 
then,  as  the  last  went  by,  he  said,  as  if  to  himself,  '  Well,  Vich  way 
bin  all  the  foul  ones  gwun  this  evenin',  I  wonder  I ' 

'  If  thou  be  fair,  ther  folk  ben  in  presence 
Shew  tiiou  thy  visi^  and  thyn  apparaille ; 
If  thou  be  foul,  be  fre  of  thy  dispence, 
To  gete  thee  frendes  ay  do  thy  Irauaille ; 
Be  ay  of  chore  as  lyght  as  leef  on  lynde. 
And  lat  him  care,  and  wepe,  and  wringe,  and  waille ! ' 

Chattoeb,  K  1209  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

<  Aud,  I  am  not  a  slut,  though  I  thank  the  gods  I  am/ouZ.' 

Ae  Ytm  Like  It,  m.  iii.  99. 
A.S.  f^l,  fouL 

FOTTLS,  ah,  a  sort  of  gathering  in  the  cleft  of  the  foot  to  which 
homed  cattle  are  subject.  ^  Com.  A.S.  ful,  foul ;  corrupt.  See  Bk. 
n.,  Folklore,  &o„  'Superstitious  Cures.' 

70TTS-CB0BSES,  ab,  the  point  at  which  two  roads  intersect. — 
Shbbwsbxtbt  ;  Ellbsmebe.  Qy.  com.  At  Bicton  and  at  Baschurch 
respectiyely  a  public-house  with  the  sign  of  the  '  Four^OrosHs '  marks 
the  crossing  of  two  roads  [1878]. 

rOUB-O'- CLOCK  [foo'h'r'  u'  klok],  sb.  the  fann-labooiers'  meal 
between  dinner  and  supper. — ^Newfobt.  An  Edgmond  plough-boy 
at  a  night-school — about  1867 — spelt  t,  e,  a — sounding  the  letters  in 
the  brcMkd  *  yemaoular '  of  his  class — and  paused  for  the  word.  '  What 
do  you  have  between  dinner  and  supper  r '  said  his  teacher.  *  Foor-^o*" 
doek,^  was  the  very  decided  answer.  '  But  what  does  your  mother 
have  P '  '  Tay,'  said  the  boy.    Cf.  0nder*8-bayte. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   161 

FOITR-SAXTABE  [foa-ur'  skwaaV],  adj.  quadrangular;  square;  cubical. 
Com.  '  What  box  are  you  going  to  take  with  you,  Price  ? '  said  a  lady 
to  her  maid-senrant.  '  Only  a  bit  on  a  wooden  un,  Ma'am — ^a  four-sqtuir 
un,*  said  Price,  at  the  same  time  showing  her  Mistress  the  box  in 
question,  which  was  literally  '  square '  on  every  side. 

'  Upon  the  same  riuer  [Thames]  is  placed  a  stone  bridge,  a  worke 
Terie  rare  and  maruellous,  which  bridge  hath  (reckoning  the  draw 
bridge)  twentie  arches  made  of  foursquare  stone,  of  height  threescore 
foote,  and  of  breadth  thirty  foote,  distant  one  from  another  twentie 
foote.' — Stow,  Aniuihy  p.  2  [a.d.  1601],  in  Bible  Word-Book, 

*  O  falVn  at  length  that  tower  of  strength, 
Which  stood  four-square  to  all  the  winds  that  blow  ! ' 

Tennyson's  Ode  on  the  Death  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington. 

See  Exodus  xxxviii.  1 ;  Bey.  xzi.  16.  '  Fowre  Square.  QuadruB,* 
— Prompt.  Parv.     C£,  Three  square. 

rOUSTT  [fou'sti'l,  adj.,  var.  pr,  fusty ;  ill-smelling ;  unclean. — 
BsiDONOBTH.    '  E  smells /outffy,  as  if  'e  never  weshed  'isself.' 

' .     .    .    .    where  the  dull  tribunes, 
That,  with  the  fvustv  plebeians,  hate  thme  honours. 
Shall  say,  against  tneir  hearts,  *'  We  thank  the  g^s. 
Our  Rome  hath  such  a  soldier."' — Corto^ntM,  L  ix.  7. 

Cf .  Prouaty. 

FOX  [fok's],  ah.  Vtdpes  ndgdris,  the  Fox.  Beynard  is  almost  in- 
variably spoken  of  by  the  rustic  folk  as  *  The  Fox ; '  just  as  people 
generally  say  ^the  butcher,'  *Mc  tax-collector,'  and  so  forth — ^they 
tnus  make  a  kind  of  personage  of  him.  A  stoat,  a  weasel,  has  com- 
mitted depredations  in  the  poultry-yard,  but  '  the  fox  'as  bin  i'  the 
ui^ht  an'  t56k  all  the  young  turkies.  Perhaps  it  is  because  Shrop- 
shire is  so  thoroughly  a  fox-hunting  county  that  Beynard  is  honoured 
with  this  'distinguishing  adjective'  as  a  mark  of  respect!  See 
Reynolds  in  Bbv.  W.  S.  Parish's  Dictionary  of  Sussex  Dialect 
[E.  D.  S.]. 

FOXES  OB  THE  FI'  FIHGEES,  phr.  when  a  thing  is  believed  to 
have  been  stolen,  it  is  figuratively  said  that '  ^e  foxes  or  thefC  fingers 
han  got  it' — CoRVE  Dale. 

FSAIL  [fr'ei'l  corr,  fr'aayl],  eh.  a  workman's  satchel  made  of  *  rush ' 
or  some  similar  thing.— -Oltjn,  Hereford  Border, 

' .    .    .    .    and  take  his  felawe  to  witnesse. 
What  he  fonde  in  Afreyel  *  after  a  freres  lyuynge.' 

Piers  PLy  Text  fi.,  pass.  xiii.  L  94. 

Mr.  Skeat  remarks  on  this:  * Freyel  is  the  Low  Lat.  froelum,  a 
rush-basket  or  mat-basket,  especially  for  containing  figs  and  raisins. 
See  •*  Frayle  of  frute,  Palata,  carica,  in  Prompt.  Parv. ,  and  Mr.  Way's 
note.  To  the  examples  there  given  I  can  add  the  following: — '*  Bere 
out  the  duste  in  this  figge-/ray7e,  Asporta  cinerem  in  hoc  syrisco." — 
Hormanni  Vulgaria,  leaf  149.  Frail  is  still  used  in  Essex  to  mean  a 
rush-basket,  as  noted  by  Mr.  Jephson.  Also  in  Kennetf  s  Parochial 
Antiquities  the  glossary  has  **  Prayle,  a  basket  in  which  fi^  are 
brought  from  Spain  and  other  parts."  He  cites  the  phrase  '*  in  uno 
frayle  ficuum  "  from  an  account  dated  1424-6.    Palsgrave  has  *  *  Frayle 

M 


162  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

for  fygges,  cabaSy  co Jac^.*'    See  cabas^  cahaBier,  in  Cotgrave.    Also 
Babees  Book,  ed.  Furnivall,  p.  200,  note  to  L  74.'    Of.  Flag-basket. 

FBAI8B  [fi^ai'z],  ah.,  ohs,  a^ind  of  pancake  eaten  with  sweet  sauce : 
it  was  tnicker  than  the  ordinary  pancake,  and  made  with  a  '  stiffer' 
batter. — Glee  Hills,  Stodde$den. 

'  For  fritters,  pancakes,  and  fox  fray  iei. 
For  Tenison  pasties,  and  minst  pies.' 

How  to  Choose  a  Good  Wife,  1634,  in  Hal. 

*  Hoc  frixum,  a  fit)y8,*  occurs  in  a  Nominate,  xv.  cent,  in  Wr. 
Tocabs.,  voL  i.  p.  242.  Mr.  Wright  has  the  following  note  upon  it:— 
'  A  froiM  was  a  sort  of  pancake.  The  word  is  still  iised  in  toe  dialect 
of  the  eastern  counties.  It  appears  to  have  been  a  fayourite  dish 
with  the  monks;  for  Gower  {Conf,  Amant.,  vol.  ii.  p.  92),  describing 
the  troubled  sleep  of  Sompnoleuoe,  says — 

"  Whan  he  is  falle  in  suche  a  dreme. 
Right  as  a  ship  ayein  the  streme 
He  routeth  with  a  slepy  noise. 
And  brustleth  as  a  monkes /roite. 
Whan  it  is  throwe  into  the  panne." ' 

See  Bk.  IL,  Folklore,  &c.,  'Customs  connected  with  Days  ana 
Seasons '  {Mid-lent  Sunday), 

F&AHO  [fr'ang-],  sh.  a  very  broad  iron  fork  used  for  getting  in  coal| 
loading  potatoes,  &c— Clee  Hills.    Cf.  Frank  (1),  below. 

FBAHOT  [fr'anjiH,  adj,  restive;  impatient  of  restraint;  said  of 
horses  chiefly. —  Shrewsbuby;  Pitlveebatch.  Qy.  com.  'The 
mar*  seems  /rangy  this  momin'.'  '  Aye,  'er  dunna  like  lam'  the 
cowt ;  'er  o6nna  let  the  grass  grow  under  'er  fit  in  oomin'  back.' 

7BAVK  [fr'ang'k],  (1)  sb,  same  as  Frang,  above. — Ludlow  (not 
common);  Weh. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  throw  or  scatter  about,  as  of  manure,  hay,  &c. — ^Ludlov. 
'E's/raii*tV  it  aU  about' 

FKAHT  [fr*an't],  (1)  sh,  a  fit  of  violent  passion  in  a  child  ;  a  state 
of  extreme  irritability  in  an  older  person. — ^Pulvebbatch  ;  Wobthek  ; 
Cobve  Dale.  *  Wiat's  the  matter  with  baby  ? '  *  'E's  on'y  in  a 
/rant.  Ma'am,  'cause  the  cat  55nna  be  mauled.' 

(2)  V,  n,  to  kick  and  scream  with  passion. — Ibid,  *  'Ow  the  child 
franU,* 

7&ATCHBTT  [fr'ach-i'tia  adj,  peevish ;  irritable.— Much  Wbn- 
lock;  Newpobt.  See  Fracchyn,  and  Way's  note  on  it,  in  PrompL 
Farv.,  p.  17^.    Cf.  Fretchet. 

FEES,  adj,  frank ;  generous ;  affable.  Com.  *  A  more  freeer, 
'onourabler,  comfortabler  ^oung  fellow  than  Edward  Breeze  wuz 
never  in  company.'  So  said  a  man  travelling  in  a  '  Market-traiu ' 
from  Shrewsbury  to  Hanwood  [1871]. 

'  be  fei^tful  &  fre  *  &  euer  of  faire  speche, 
&  seruisabul  to  |>e  simple  *  so  as  to  f^e  ridie.' 

William  of  Pctleme,  1.  337. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC   163 

•  Also  I  prey  vow  to  recomand  me  in  my  most  humbyll  wyse  unto 
the  good  Lorosnepe  of  the  most  corteys,  gentylest,  wysest,  kyndest, 
most  compenabyll,  freest^  largeest,  most  bowntesous  Knyght,  my  Lord 
the  Erie  of  Arran»  whych  hathe  maryed  the  Kyngs  snstyr  of  Scotland.' 
— Paston  LetterSy  A,D.  1472,  vol.  iii.  p.  47. 

A.S.  /red;  Germ./r«,  free.    Cf.  Free-spoken,  below. 

FSEE-HOLLY,  sh.  the  smooth,  upper  foliage  of  Ilex  Aqui/6Iium, 
common  Holly. — ^Ludlow,  Bur/ord.  None  but  Free-holly  is  used  by 
the  Burford  folk  for  decorating  their  houses  at  Christmas-tide  [1874  j. 

FBEE-OUilJSK,  8h,f  var.  pr.,  pec,  obe.  1  a  free-holder,  i,  e,  a  land- 
owner, in  contradistinction  to  a  tenant.  —  Pulvebbatch.  *  Who 
'ad*n*ee  at  the  fre^oudera^  meetin'  'isterd'yP*  *Well,  we'd'n  Mr. 
Jackson,  Mr.  Freme,  an'  the  two  Jondrells — ^nod  furgettin'  owd  John 
Hughes,  the  thatcher.' 

FBEE-SFOKEH,  adj,  frank ;  candid  ;  unreserved,  in  address.  Com. 
Milton  employs  this  term — *  Free-spoken  and  plain-hearted  men.' 

FBEHCH  BROOM  [fr'en-sh  br'um],  eh,  Cr/tims  Laburnum.  — 
Pulvebbatch.    Cf.  (Golden  Bhowers.    See  Brum  (1). 

FSEHCH  KETTLE,  sh.  Lamtum  purpureum,  red  Dead-nettle.— 
Whitchubch,  Tihtock,    Cf.  Dun-nettle. 

FBE8H,  (1)  adj,  intoxicated  ;  exhilarated  with  drink — '  not  drunken, 
nor  sober,  but  neighbour  to  both.'  Com.  '  'Ow  did  the  Maister  come 
wham  las'  night  ? '  *  Oh,  on'y  jest  fresh — a  bit  markit-peart,  nuthin' 
more.'     Cf.  Eng.  frisk,  frisky,  from  A-S.  fersc ;  O.N.  friskr. 

(2)  adj\  in  good  condition,  as  of  a  beast  when  half  fatted. — Pulveb- 
batch ;  Wem.  Qy.  com.  *  Wun  them  btillocks  fat  ? '  *  Well,  nod 
very,  considerin'  they  wun  "perty  fresh  w'en  they  wun  piit'n  up.' 

FBESE-BKIHE,  sh.  table-beer.  Com.  'I  never  piit  above  a 
strike  an'  'afe  o'  maut  to  them  two  barrels,  an'  it  mak's  nice  peart 
fresh-drink.'    See  Drink. 

FBBTCHET  [fr'ech-it],  adj\  peevish ;  irritable.  Com.  '  I  wish  as 
the  weather  odd  clier  up  to  lug  that  com,  fur  it's  makin'  the  Maister 
deepert  fretchit.*    A.S./reton,  to  fret. 

F&ILL  [fr'i'l'l,  sb.  a  piece  of  fleshy  fat  surrounding  the  entrails  of  a 
pig :  it  has  &e  appearance  of  being  puckered  like  a  frill,  whence  its 
name.  Com.  Margaret  Penlington  of  Welshampton  described  the 
frill  as  *  a  piece  of  rumfled  fat  row'ded  wuth  red.'    See/rt'W  in  Wedq, 

FSITTEV  [fr'it-n],  v.  a.,  var.  pr.  to  frighten.  Com.  A.S.  dfyrhtan. 
— Iden^ 


[fr^it'ni'n],  sb.  a  ghost;  an  apparition. — Ellesmebe; 
Weh.  '  I  dama  g65  past  Coomur  [Colemere]  lane  ends — folks  sen 
as  theer's/rtt^entn  to  to  seed  theer  after  dark.' 

FBOD,  sb.  ice-rubbish ;  as  groundrice^  which  rises  to  the  surface  of 
the  Severn;  or  drift-ice,  which  comes  down  the  ntream. — Bbido- 
270BTH.     O.Pr.  froit;  ttoid,  fHgidus. — Bx7B« 

M  2 


164  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK, 

FBOO^STOOLS,  sb.  pi  *  toad-stoolB ' — some  of  the  species  Agariciu. 
—Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  *Aye,  theer*ll  be  no 
mushrooms  this  'ear,  now  the /ro^-atoo/a  bin  comin .' 

FBOMMET  [fr'om-u't],  (1)  prep.,  var,  pr.,  ohsoh,  in  a  direction  going 
straight  from  a  place;  fromtoard  as  opposed  to  toward, — Pulver- 
batch. •  Weer  wun  yo'  w'en  yo'  sid*n  me  P '  *  Wy  I  wuz  gwelin 
frommet  the  stack-yurd  tdert  the  cow-'ua' 

*  Give  ear  to  my  suit,  Lord ;  frcmward  hide  not  Thy  face.* — Para^ 
phrase  of  Paalm  Iv.j  by  Earl  of  Surrey. 

*  Varying  up  and  down,  towards  or  fromwards  the  zenith.* — Cheyne, 
in  Todd's  Johnson. 

See  *  The  Suffix  "  -ward,'' '  N.  &  Q.  [5th  S.  x.  521].  A.S.  from^ 
i{?ear(2M,  from  without ;  beyond. 

(2)  (tdi,  right  hand  (off-side) — a  harvest-field  term. — ^Pulverbatch  • 
Clee  Hills.  Tdert  is  left  hand,  thus,  suppose  the  waggon  loaded 
and  ready  to  be  boimd,  the  man  on  the  top  calls  *  rops,' — the  ropes 
are  thrown  up  to  him.  '  Weer  Sdn'ee  'ave  it  ? '  he  asks  of  the  men 
on  the  ^froimd ;  the  reply  is,  *  Put  it  down  the  /rommet  way.*  He 
throws  it  from  his  left  hand  instead  of  right.  'Theer,  now  yo'n 
chucked  it  down  the  t9^  way.' 

FBOHT  [fr'un't],  v,  n.  to  plump ;  to  swell,'  as  young  tender  meat 
does  in  cooking. — Pulverbatch;  Clee  Hills;  Wem.  *I  knowed 
well  enough  it  wuz  owd  mutton  w'en  I  sid  it  i'  the  pot — ^it  didna 
front  a  bit*    Jamieson  has  '  To  front '  in  this  sense. 

FBOST.EETCHEH,  part.  adj.  frost-bitten.     Com. 

FBOST-VAILS^  ah.  pi.  spike-headed  nails  put  into  horses'  shoes  to 
prevent  them  slipping  on  frozen,  icy  roads.    Com. 

*  Frost-Nails,  with  sharp  pointed  heads.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk. 
m.  ch.  iii.  p.  89.    See  Boughed. 

7B0THT  [fr'oth-i'l,  adj.  light  in  the  ear :  said  of  wheat  that  has 
suffered  from  blight.— Ludlow,  Cleobury  Mortimer,    Cf .  Fliggy  (3). 

FKOTDTO  [fr'oatin],  part,  adj.,  obs.  1  a  thorough  house-cleaning — 
•  rubbing  up '  and  *  scrubbing  down.' — Pulverbatch.  *  We  mun  put 
the  spinniir-w'M  by  now  till  after  May-Day ;  nex*  wik  theer^U  be 
the  buckin'  an'  the  pewter  clanin',  an'  then  a  reglar  frotin*  from  the 
top  to  the  bottom.' 

*  Hee  unclosed  >e  caue  *  imclainte  {^e  barres. 
And  straihte  into  j^e  stede  *  stroked  hym  feyre. 
Hee  raught  forthe  his  right  hand  *  &  his  liggefrotus. 

And  coies  hym  as  he  kan. ' 

K,  Alisaunder,  1.  1174. 

'Al  J^e  longage  of  ^e  Nor^humbres,  &  specialych  at  ^rk,  ys  so 
scharp,  slyttyng  &  frotyng,  &  vnschape,  \>9.t  we  Sou^eron  men  may 
)>at  longage  vnne|>e  vnderstonde.'--JoHN  OF  Trevisa  (a.d.  1387), 
Description  of  Britain.    Specim.  Early  Eng.,  xviii.  a,  L  209. 

O.  rr.  frotter  de  [Lat.],  fricare. — Bur. 

FEOTTSTT  [fr'ou-sti*],  adj.  duU ;  heavy-looking,  as'  from  lack  of 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC   AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.    165 

sleep ;  half  awake  ;  not  half  washed. — Pulyerbatch.  Qy.  com. 
*  Wy  yo'  looken  as  sleepy  an'  frouaiy  this  momin'  as  if  yo'  'adna  bin 
i'  bed  las'  night ;  g6o  an'  swill  yore  face  55th  some  cowd  waiter,  it'll 
mak'  yo'  'afe  as  sharp  an'  sweet  agen.'     Cf.  Fousty. 

FBTTM  [fr'um-],  (1)  adj,  forward;  early  ripe.  —  Pulyerbatch; 
WoRTHEK ;  CoRVE  Dale  ;  Wem.  '  Them  bin  a  capital  sort  o'  'tatoes, 
the /rum  kidneys.'    K,^, /rum-ripe,  early  ripe. 

(2)  adj.  strong ;  heayy,  as  of  a  crop,  or  of  com  in  the  ear. — ^Elles- 
HERE,  WeUkampUm,  *  That  crop  i*  tne  Breary  Craft's  a  TB,T*/rum  un, 
it'll  ild  a  mizzer  an'  'afe  to  the  thrave.'  A.S.  ftam^  from^  strong ; 
Tigorons.     Cf.  G^erm.  fromm^  excellent. 

jfiiuMP,  ah.  a  contemptuous  term  for  an  old  woman  who  affects 
youthful  airs  and  dress. — PuLVERaATCH. 

FBTTMPED,  part.  adj.  tricked  out  in  youthful  fashion,  as  of  an  old 
woman. — Ibid.  *  The  owd  girld  wuz  frumped  up  like  a  yeow  dressed 
lomb  fashion.' 

FBY  [fr'ei-],  (1)  sh.  a  swarm  of  kinsfolk. — Pulyerbatch.  'Well, 
I'm  right  glad  them  folks  bin  gwem  out  of  our  parish,  we  sha'n  be 
rid  o'  ttie  ool  [whole]  fry  ;  I  should  think  Ponsert  'ill  55d  be  best  fiir 
them.' 

'  And  them  before  the  fry  of  children  yong 
Their  wanton  sportes  and  childish  mirth  did  play.' 

Spenser,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  L  c.  xii.  st.  Yii. 

*  What  a  fry  of  fools  is  here ! ' — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 

Bailey — ed.  1782 — has  'Fry,  a  multitude;  a  company.' 

(2)  sh.  the  liYer  and  liffhts  of  a  pig  dressed  hy  frying.  Gom.  *  The 
men  bin  mighty  fond  <y  fry;  wen  yo'n  cut  whad'U  do  fur  dinner 
sen'  the  rest  to  poor  owd  Molly.'  Ash  has  *  Fry,  fix)m  the  Yerb,  a 
dish  of  an3rthing  fried.'    Cf.  Harslet. 

FTTKE  [feu-k],  sb.,  ohsoh.%  a  stray  lock  of  hair. — Pulyerbatch.  'I 
wish  yo'd'n  put  ihsA,fuke  o'  yar  out  o'  yore  eyes ;  yo'  looken  jest  like 
a  muntin  [mountain]  cowt.'  '  Fukes,  tne  Locks  of  the  Head.  0[ld].' 
— Bailet,  ed.  1727.    A.S.  feax,  hair  of  the  head. 

FULL  [ful-],  adv.,  pee.  quite.     Com.     '  This'll  do  fuU  as  welL' 

' .  .  .  The  first  suit  is  hot  and  hasty,  like  a  Scotch  jig,  and  full  as 
fimtasticaL' — Mtich  Ado  about  Nothing,  TL  i  79. 

(2)  »b.,  var.  pr.  fill;  sufficiency;  generally  applied  to  drink.  "E's 
'ad  *ia  full,'  i.e.  he  has  had  as  much  as  he  can  take  without  becoming 
intoxicated. — Shrewsbury.    Qy.  com. 

'  With  the  grace  of  God,  or  hyt  were  nyghte, 
The  yeant  had  hiafulle  of  fyghte.' 

MS.  Cantab.,  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  66,  in  Hal. 

FTJLLAB  [ful'ur'],  sb.  the  tool  employed  to  make  a  ftdlaring  with* 
Si;e  below. 

FITLLABIHO,  eh.  the  grooYe  in  a  horse-shoe  into  which  the  nails  are 
inserted. — Pulyerbatch.    Qy.  com. 


166  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

FITLLOCK  [fiil'uk],  v.  n.  to  shoot  a  marble  in  an  irregular  way  bj 
jerking  the  fist  forward  instead  of  hitting  it  off  by  the  force  of  the 
thumb  only.  Qy.  com.  '  Oh,  tiiat  inna  for ;  'e*B  fuHockitC.'  When 
shooting  marbles  at  'ring-taw'  the  closed  hand  is  rested  on  the 
ground,  and  the  marble  projected  by  the  thumb  acting  upon  it  Hke  a 
spring :  to  fullock  is  then  considered  dishonourable,  but  it  is  allowed 

in  *  long-taw '  when  aiming  at  a  single  marble.     Of.  Fullock,  £.  D.  S., 

C,,     «-»  «»  %j 

.  u. 

FUME  [feu'm],  v.  ».,  pec,  to  inflame. — Pulverbatch  ;  Wem  ;  Elles- 
liERE.  '  It  was  on*y  a  bit  on  a  briar-scrat,  an*  it  took  to  fume  an* 
swelled  all  up  *is  arm.' 

FITMET,  adj.  hasty;  passionate. — Jbtd,  'The  Maistei's  as  fumey 
as  the  mouth  o'  the  oven  this  momin' ;  yo'  mun  mind  'ow  yo*  dailen 
66th  'im.' 

*  Fumer  de  coUre,  to  fume ;  to  be  in  a  rage.' — Chamb. 

FTTITD  [fun'd],  pret  and  part,  past,  found.  Com.  '  Tve  bin  after 
the  mushroms  sence  afore  five  o'clock  this  momin'.'  '  Han  'ee  fund 
any  ? '  *  Aye,  a  right  good  tuthree ;  but  the  best  part  on  'em  I  fvmd 
i*  the  uvyer  leasow.' 

'  Til  \>^i  he  haueden  godard /uncfe, 
And  brouth  bifom  him  faste  bunde.' 

Havelok  the  Dane,  L  2376. 

See  Dr.  Morris's  HUtorical  Englieh  Accidetice,  p.  161  (5). 

FunDLESS,  sb.j  ohsoh,  1  a  thing  accidentally  found. — ^Pulverbatch. 
*  I  'ad  sich  a  fundleas  this  momin'.'  *  'Ad'n'ee ;  whad  did'n'ee  find  ? ' 
'  W'y  I  fund  our  paas'n's  pus,  an'  'e  gid  me  *afe-a-crownd  fur  the 
findm'.'    Cf.— 

*  &  ^oii^h  he  asfundeling  where  founde  •  in  [?e  forest  wilde.' 

William  of  Palerne,  L  502. 

FTJNOirS  COAL,  sb.  the  coal  which  bears  this  name  is  chiefly  con~ 
fined  to  the  north  of  the  field,  and  is  good  for  nearly  every  purpose- 
— Colliery;  M.  T.    See  Coal-names. 

ETWHY,  adj.  bad ;  capricious  :  said  of  the  temper.  Com.  '  'El's 
a  nice  sort  of  girld  enough,  but  'er's  got  a  funny  temper.' 

PXTB,  sb.  (1)  the  indurated  sediment  found  in  the  bottom  of  tea- 
kettles.   Com.     *  The  kettle's  got  a/ur  inside  a  ninch  thick.' 

(2)  adiK,  var.  pr,  far :  the  '  degrees '  are  furdtr,  furded. — ^LuDLOW. 
See  Th  (3)  in  Grammar  Outlinea  {consonantt).     QL  Fare  (2). 

FUBKACE  [fur''nis],  sb.  the  large  boiler  used  in  brewing.     Com. 

*  Sixty  gallon  brewing  furnace,  grate  and  fittings.' — Auctioneer'^ 
Catalogue  (Church  Stretton),  1877. 

*  Hec  fomax^eie  An"  a,  fornys,'  occurs  under  the  head  of  *  Panduc- 
$ator  cum  euis  Instrumentis,*  in  a  Pictorial  Vocabulary,  xv.  cent,  in 
Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  276. 

FTJBNAIO  [fur'nai-g],  v.  ».,  obsols.l  to  revoke  at  card& — Pulveb- 

BATCH. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC   167 

FTTSSOCK  [fus-uk],  sb,  a  big,  dirty,  greasy  woman.— Pulverbatch  ; 
Wem.     •  *fer'8  a  reglar  owd  fuasock,' 

FTTSTIAH  BLANKETS,  sb,  pi,  ohs.  '  One  payre  of  gersy  blanketts, 
one  payre  of  fustian  Uanketta^*  are  items  of  an  Inventory  taken  at 
Owlbunr  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625.  Fustian  blankets  are 
said  to  be  identical  with  the  homespim  blankets  made  as  late  as  the 
beginning  of  the  present  century,  wluch  were  a  mixture  of  wool  and 
'  hordes '  [rough  nemp].  One  of  these  blankets — the  yam  for  which 
was  spun  oy  Alice  Fletcher,  of  Castle  Pulyerbatch,  in  1804--shows 
that  line  warp  was  of  •  hordes,'  the  woof  of  wool.  It  is  of  thick  and 
warm,  but  somewhat  coarse,  texture,  and  of  a  <  whitey-brown '  colour, 
the  wool  being  unbleached. 

Fustian  blankets  are  of  frequent  mention  in  old  inventories,  as,  for 
instance,  that  of  *  Sir  John  Fastolfs  Wardrobe,'  A.D.  1459.  *Item, 
ij  fustian  blanketts,  every  of  hem  yj  webbys.' — Fasten  Letters,  vol.  i. 
p.  482.    See  Jarsey  Hillin'. 

TTTTHEB  [fudh-ur*],  v.  n.  to  fuss  or  fidget  about. — Shrewsbury. 

PXTZZ-BALL,  «/>.  Lycaperdon  Boviata.  —  Wellington;  Newport. 

'  Tubera  terra.  Fusse-balls  or  Puckfists.  Fusse-balls  are  no  way 
eaten :  the  ponder  of  them  doth  dry  without  biting :  it  is  fitly  applied 
to  merigalls,  kibed  heeles,  and  such  like. 

'  The  dust  or  ponder  hereof  is  very  dangerous  for  the  eyes,  for  it 
hath  been  often  seen,  that  diners  haue  been  pore-blinde  euer  after, 
when  some  small  quantitie  thereof  hath  been  blowne  into  their  eyes. 

'  The  countrey  people  do  vse  to  kill  or  smother  Bees  with  these 
Fusse-balls  beins  set  on  fire,  for  the  which  purpose  it  fitly  serueth.' — 
Gerabde's  HerbaU,  Bk.  III.  p.  1584. 

C£  Blind-baU,  also  Devil^s  Snuff-boz. 


OABT  [gai'bi'],  sb,  a  simpleton ;  one  who  gapes  and  stares  about  in 
ignorant  wonder. — ^Ludlow;  Wem. 

'  Dan.  gabe,  to  gape ;  gabe  paa,  to  stare  at.  N.  gape,  to  stare,  to 
gape ;  gap,  a  simpleton.' — ^Wedo.    Of.  Oauby. 

0A7FEE  [gaf'ur'l,  (1)  ^5.,  obsols.  a  title  given  to  an  aged  father  or 
grandfather — and  of  address,  equivalent  to  '  Master,'  the  head  of  a 
house.  The  term  as  thus  applied  is  one  of  perfect  respect. — Clun, 
Hereford  Border.    Cf .  Buffer. 

(2)  sb„  obsols,  a  synonym  for  'Mr.'  or  'Sir'  in  the  same  locality. 
Qaffer,  according  to  Mr.  HalliweU,  *  was  formerly  a  common  mode  of 
address,'  meaning  *  friend^  neighbour,' 

*  "  O,  why  do  you  shiver  and  shake,  Qaffer  Grey  ? 
And  why  does  your  nose  look  so  blue  ?  " 
**  'OHs  the  weather  thafs  cold, 
And  I'm  grown  very  old. 
And  my  doublet  is  not  very  new ; 
Well-a-day  ! " '— OW  8<mg. 

Bailey— ed.  1727 — ogives,  '  Qaffer,  a  Countrv  Appellation  for  a  Man.' 


168  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

(3)  $h.  a  head  workman ;  the  foreman  of  a  band  of  labourers — as  of 
harvest-men — who  makes  the  agreement  as  to  the  terms  of  their 
work.    Com.    See  Fly-g^ang. 

OAFFIV   [gaf'in],   part   adj.   jesting  ;   bantering. — Pulvbrbatch, 
Han  wood,     *  Never  yo*  'eed  *im,  'e's  on*y  gaffin  a  bit' 

OAFTT  [^'af-ti'],  adj.  sly;  tricky.— Wbm  ;  Ellbsmerr     *'E'8  sich 
a  gafty  chap,  yo*  never  knowen  whad's  the  nex'  thing  *e'll  be  afker.' 

OAUT  [j<ai*n  and  gaayn],  (1)  adj.  near ;  short ;  direct. — Shrewsbdbt  ; 
PuLVERBATCU.     *  My  man,  can  you  tell  me  the  best  way  to  the  Hills 


I 


JO*  up  to  Wilderley  as  straight 
o'  mun  mind,  sir,  to  keep  to  the  wickets ;  nod  throu*  gates,  or 
e*appeu  yo'n  be  landed  in  a  o5d.' 

*  At  a  posteme  forth  they  gan  to  ijde 
By  a  geyn  path,  that  ley  oute  a  side.' 

JonN  Lydoate  (a.d.  1420,  ctVca),  The  Storie  of 
Thebes,     Specim.  Eng.  LU.,  iii.  6,  L  1002. 

*  Oeyne,  redy,  or  r3rthge  forth.  Diredus.  In  the  Eastern  counties 
gain  Hip^iiifies  handy,  convenient,  or  desirable ;  and  in  the  North,  near, 
as  **  the  gaine$t  road,"  which  seems  most  nearly  to  resemble  the  sense 
here  given  to  the  word.' — Prompt,  Parv,  and  Notes, 

Mr.  Skeat  ascribes  gain  to  *  O.Swed.  gen,  direct ;  IceL  gegn,  direct, 
ready,  from  Icel.  prep,  gegn,  over  against' — See  Joseph  of  Ariinathiey 
p.  81.    Cf.  Bme. 

(2)  adj.  handy ;  convenient — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulvebbatch  ;  Lud- 
low ;  Wellington  ;  Newport.  *  Tak'  the  side-basket,  it'll  be  gaifier 
fur  the  gig  than  the  market-basket,  'cause  o'  the  'andle.' 

*  pe  a^el  auncetere^  sunej  *  |>at  adam  wat^  called. 
To  wham  god  hade  geuen  *  alle  pot  goyn  were.' 

Alliterative  Poems,  The  Deluge  (A.D.  1360,  circa). 
Specim,  Early  Eng.,  xiiL  1.  259. 

Icel.  gegn,  serviceable;  gegna,  to  meet;  suit. 

(3)  ar/y.  tractable-;  easy  to  manage. — Pulvbrbatch;  Clee  Hills. 
*  The  'eifer's  as  gain  as  if  *er'd  been  milked  seven  'ear ;  'er  walks  up  to 
the  stelch  as  knowin'  as  can  be.' 

OALENY  [gulai'ni'],  sh,  Nuviida  melcdgris,  the  Guinea-fowl,  or 
Pintado.— Sheewsbury;  Pulvbrbatch.    Qy.com. 

*  Oaleny,  old  cant  term  for  a  fowl  of  any  kmd ;  now  a  respectable 
word  in  the  West  of  England,  signifying  a  Guinea-fowl.  Lat.  gcdlina* 
— Slang  Dictionary,  p.  140. 

OAZX  [gau  1],  (l)  eb.  SL  sore  place ;  an  abrasion  of  the  skin. — Pulveb- 
batch ;  Clee  Hills.  *  The  child's  never  'ad  a  gall  om  it  sence  it  wux 
born  till  now  ;  they  tellen  me  as  it's  from  'is  eye-tith.' 

*  But  London  can  not  abyde  to  be  rebuked,  suche  is  the  nature  of 
man.  If  they  be  prycked,  they  wyll  kycke.  If  they  be  rubbed  on 
the  gale :  they  wil  wynce.' — Latimer,  Sermon  on  the  Ploughers,  p.  23. 

*  Galle,  soore  yn  mann'  or  beeste.    Strumus,  marista.' — Prompt.  Parr. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   169 

'  Fr.  gale,  scurf;  itch ;  callum,  callus ;  hardened  skin.' — ^PiCE. 

(2)  V,  a.  and  v.  n.  to  firet ;  to  chafe.  Com.  '  Young  cowts  bin  apt 
to  gall  i'  the  shuther/  is  a  saying  metaphorically  applied  to  young 
folk  who  are  impatient  of  the  restraints  of  work« 

* "  )>e  hors  was  . . .  galled  upon  J>e  bak(e)." — Oowet^8  Con/esa.  Amant, 
ii  46,'  in  Stkat. 

'  Ham Let  the  galled  jade  wince,  our  withers  are  unwrung.' 

— Hamlet,  IIL  ii.  63. 

'Touch  a  galPd  horse  onihe  back,  and  he'll  kick  [or  wince].* — 
Bay's  Proverbs,  p.  112. 

Fr.  *  8e  galer,  to  scratch  or  rub.' — Chamb. 

(3)  ah,  a  stiff,  wet,  *  unkind '  place  in  plough-land. — Pulverbatch  ; 
Clee  Hills.  The  term  is  usually  employed  in  the  plural  form. 
'  Theer  couldna  be  spected  much  off  that  md  o'  land,  theer's  sich  a 
power  o'  wet  galls  in  it.'  Grose  has  '  Galls,  Sand-galls,  spqts  of  sand 
through  which  the  water  oozes.  Norf.  and  Suf.'  oee  Gall  in  Wedg. 
W.  gwall,  a  defect    Of.  Blade  (1). 

(4)  sh,  the  oak-apple,  by  which  name  this  excrescence  is  usually 
distinguished.  —  £LL£aMER£.  '  Oalle,  oke  appyll.' — Prompt,  Parv. 
See  Oak-ball. 

OAXLOWAY  [gal'u'wai],  sh,  a  horse  fourteen  hands  high  ;  between 
a  pony  and  a  horse  of  l^ger  growth. — BmBGNOBXH.    Qy.  com. 

ADVERTISEMENT. 

WHITCHT7BCH  RA0E8. 

*  To  be  Bun  for  upon  Preese  Heath  near  "White  Church  in  Shrop- 
shire, the  23*^  of  May  next,  being  Tuesday  in  Whitson  Week,  a  Purse 
of  Ten  Guineas,  by  Galloways  not  exceeding  14  Hands  high,  to  carry 
Nine  Stone,  all  under  to  be  allowed  Weight  for  Inches,  paying  half  a 

Guinea  entrance '—Adams's   Weekly  [Chester]  Courant, 

April  6—12,  1738. 

'  Breakfast  being  finished,  the  chiyalry  of  the  Hall  j>repared  to  take 
the  field.  The  fair  Julia  was  of  the  party,  in  a  huntmg-dress,  with  a 
light  plume  of  feathers  in  her  riding-hat,  As  she  mounted  her 
favounto  Gallmvay,  I  remarked  with  pleasure  that  old  Christie 
forgot  his  usual  crustiness,  and  hastened  to  adjust  her  saddle 
and  bridle.'  —  Washinoton  Ievdto  (a.d.  1822),  Bracehridge  HaU 
(Hawking). 

OALLOWS  [gal'usj,  culj,  mischievons ;  naughty ;  applied  to  boys 
chiefly.  Com.  *  jB's  a  galltts  bird,  that  is, — 'e's  bin  i'  the  orchut  agen 
after  them  apples.' 

*Bos 

For  he  hath  been  five  thousand  years  a  boy. 
Kath,  Ay,  and  a  shrewd  unhappy  gallows  too.' 

Love's  Labottr  Lost,  V.  ii.  12. 
Cf  Ontidy. 

OALT  [gau't],  sb,  a  spayed  female  pig. — Pulverbatch  ;  Clee  Hills. 
Qy.  com. 

'  Hic/rendis  A'  gait,'  occurs  in  an  English  Vocabulary,  zv.  cent.,  in 


170  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

Wr.  Tocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  204.  Mr.  Wriffht  explains  gaU  as  *  a  boar-pig.' 
•  Oalte  (or  gylte)  swyne.  NefrendusZ-^Prompt  Parv.  *  Oalte^  O.lcel. 
gaiti  (aper),  young  boar/ — Strat.  Grose  has  *  QawU  and  OiUs,  hog- 
pigs  and  sow-pigs.    N.'    Of.  Gilt. 

OAMBKEL  [gambr'il],  sb.  a  crooked  piece  of  wood  used  by  butchers 
to  expand  and  hang  carcases  upon.— Sh&ewsbubt  ;  Pulyekbatch  ; 
Ellesmebe.    Qy.  com. 

GAME,  ah,  fun,  often  derisive  fun.  Com,  *  I'll  *elp  yo'  to  mak* 
yore  game  o*  me,  yo'  imperent  young  puppy ;  if  yo'  comen  athin  my 
raich,  I'll  turn  yo'  double  an'  host  yo'/ 

'  Ne  of  hir  doughter  nought  a  word  spak  she 
Noon  accident  for  noon  aduersitee 
Was  seyn  in  hir,  ne  neuer  hir  doughter  name 
Ne  nempned  she,  in  emest  nor  in  game,* 

Chaucer,  E.  609  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeai 

A.S.  gameUf  a  sport ;  a  play ;  a  taunt ;  a  scoff. 

GAMMOCKS  [gamniks],  sh,  rough  play.  Qy.  com.  '  Them  chaps 
bin  al'ays  up  to  some  gammocks — now  that  poor  fellow's  got  'is  shuther 
put  out.*    A.S.  gamen^  sport ;  play. 

GAMMY  [garni*],  adj,^  «/.?  lame.     Com.    *  A  gammy  fut.' 

GANGEEL  [gang'r*il],  sh.,  ohsoh.^  a  gaunt,  lean,  long-limbed  person 
or  animal.  ^1)  *  Whad  a  gangrel  that  Tum  Perks  is  gwun — 'e's  as 
lung  as  a  lather,  an'  as  thm  as  a  thetchin'  peg.* 

(2)  ' If  11  tak  a  good  djel  to  feed  that  owd  sow,  'er's  sich  a  gangrd* 

GAKLAHDS.    See  Virgins'  Garlands. 

GAREIT8,  sb,  pi,,  var,  pr,  carrots. — Pulverbatch. 

GAJLBITT,  adj,^  var,  pr,  carroty. — Ibid,  *I  knowed  well  enough 
it  wuz  one  o'  the  Burguins  by  'is  garrity  yar ;  they'd'n  better  keep 
'im  out  o*  the  stack-yurd,  else  it'll  ketch  fire.' 

GATED  fgait'i'd],  part,  past,  set  a-going,  as  in  the  phrase  gated  and 
geared,  below. — Whitchurch;  Ellesmere. 

GATED  AND  GEAEED,  j;Ar.  made  to  work  <  true '  together :  said  of 
the  several  parts  of  an  agricultural  implement. — Ibid,    See  Geared. 

GATE-EOAD,  sb,  the  main-road,  or  level,  in  a  mine. — Collisrt; 
M.  T.    See  Gob-  gate-road. 

GAUBY  [pjau-bi*],  same  as  Gaby,  q.v.  Com.  *Now  then,  yo* 
great  gauby,  get  out  o'  the  way.*    See  below. 

GATTBT-FAE,  sh.  The  first  Satunlay  in  the  year  and  the  first 
Saturday  after  May-Day  are  respectively  distinguished  as  Qauhy-far, 
On  these  days  country  servants-— *  chaps  *  and  *  wenches,' — ^gaubieSj 
as  they  are  called  for  the  nonce — come  into  the  town  to  spend  their 
wages  and  see  the  sights. — Shrewsbury.  *  Nex'  Saturday  11  be 
Gauhy-far — theer'll  be  a  grand  show  in  ribbints  an'  rags.'  See  Break 
the  Year. 

GATJBY-MAEKET,  the  market-day  which  follows  next  after 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   171 

Ckrisfanas  Day,  obsenred  as  above. — Welldtgtoic;  Newport.    See 
Bk.  n.,  Folklore,  &c.,  •  Wakea,  Fairs,'  &c. 

OATJKY  [gau'ki*],  sb,  an  awkward,  stupid,  badly-mannered  person. 
— Shbewsbuby;  Ptjlverbatch  ;  Wellington.  Qy.  com.  *Han 
'ee  sid  the  new  dairy-maid P'  'Aye,  as  great  a  gauky  as  anybody 
66d  wish  to  see — 56th  a  ganity  yed,  an'  as  foul  as  if  'er  wuz  made  fur 
spite.'  '  'Ark  at  Jack !  an'  they  sen  as  yo'  bin  o'er  yed  an'  ears  in 
love  66th  'er.' 

'  pe  gome  \>&t  gloseth  so  chartres  *  for  a  gohy  is  holden. 

So  is  it  a  goky,  by  god  *  pat  in  his  gospel  failleth, 
Or  in  masse  or  in  matynes  *  maketh  any  defaute.' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass,  xi  11.  299,  300. 

'  Now  gawkieSy  tawpies,  gowks,  and  fools, 
Frae  colleges  and  boarding-schools. 
May  sprout  like  simmer  puddock-stools 

In  elen  or  shaw ; 
He  wha  could  brusn  them  down  to  mools, 

Willie's  awa  I ' 

BoBEBT  BiTBirs,  Poems,  p.  122,  L  19. 

A.S.  gede;  O.IceL  gatikr,  a  cuckoo;  whence,  a  fool;  a  simpleton. 
See  Strat. 

OATJN  [gau*n],  (1)  sb.  a  gallon. — Pulverbatoh.  'Tell  the  cowper 
to  mak'  a  good  strung  four-47aun  payl.' 

'  1584.  32  galanes  of  the  best  ale  at  Tjd  ob.  a  gaune  xiij  s  yiij  d.' — 
AccounU  of  the  Shearmen's  Company,  Shrewsbury. 

(2)  sh.  a  pail,  one  of  the  staves  of  which,  being  left  much  longer 
than  the  rest,  forms  an  upright  handle.  It  holds  about  a  gallon,  and 
is  used  for  lading  the  drink,  in  the  process  of  brewing.— Newport  ; 
Ellesmere.    Qy.com.    Of.  Lac*  ^-gaun. 

OATTP  [gau'p  and  gi'aup],  (1)  v,  n,  to  gape ;  to  open  the  mouth.  Qy. 
com.  *  One  o'  the  chickens  belungin'  to  the  brown  'en  got  squedge  i' 
the  wicket,  an'  I  thought  it  wuz  djed,  but  I  'eld  it  o'er  the  smoke, 
an'  warmed  it  ever  so  lung,  an'  at  last  it  begun  to  gaup;  I  wuz  pretty 
glad,  fur  Missis  is  despert  choice  on  *em.' 

'  And  with  a  galping  mouth  hem  alle  he  keste.' 

Chaucer,  F.  350  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 
O.Du.  galpen,  gaup,  in  Strat. 

(2)  V,  n.  to  stare  about  vacantly,  with  the  mouth  open  as  well  as 
the  eyes.  Qv.  com.  *  I  dunna  know  whad  yo'  wanten  i'  town — 
nuthin  to  do  but  g^-aup  at  the  shop- windows.'    See  Gauby-Far. 

OAWV  [gau'ral,  (1)  v.  a.,  obaolsA  to  grasp. — Pulvbrbatch;  Clun; 
Wem.  *We'dn  a  rar'  batch  o'  laisin'  this  momin' — I'd  thirteen 
'antle,  as  much  as  ever  I  could  gawm^ 

(2)  V.  a.,  obsds.?  to  bite  through. — Pitlverbatch.  *  Yo'n  cut  the 
bread  i'  sich  clouters  [rough  thidk  pieces],  nobody  can  gaunn  it'  See 
Ooam  in  B.  D.  S.,  B.  xiv. 

OAWT.     See  Oalt. 

OAT-POLE  [gai*  poal],  sb.^  obaoU.  a  pole  placed  across  the  interior 


172  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

of  a  chimney,  from  which  are  suspended  the  hangers  for  the  pots  and 
kettles.— B&iDGNORTH.    Of.  Bway-pole. 

OEABED  [gee'hVd],  part  past,  fitted  up  with  its  se Feral  parts; 
said  of  an  agricultural  implement.  —  Whitchxtbch  ;  Ellesmere. 
A.S.  geartvian;  to  make  ready;  to  prepare.  Of.  Gated.  See  Gated 
and  Geared. 

OEABDfG,  (1)  eh.  the  projecting  rail  on  the  fore-part  of  a  cart  or 
waggon. — Newpobt;  Whitchxtbch. 

(2)  ak  the  harness  and  trappings  of  a  cart-horse. — CBAYEir  Abms. 
Qy.  com. 

'Waggon  Horses  with  their  Gearing,*  'Suit  of  chain  gearing,^ 
*  Suit  of  shaft  gearing.* — Auctioneer^a  Catalogue  (Longyille),  1877. 

A.S.  gearwa,  clothing. 

GEAES  [gee*h'r'z],  sb,  pi,  same  as  Oearing  (2),  above.    Com. 

'  Suit  of  long geara*  *  Suit  of  thillers geara,* — Auctioneer' a  Caialogue 
(Stoddesden),  1870. 

GEABVM  [jee'hVum],  eh,  order ;  good  condition ;  serriceable  fitnesa 
for  a  purpose. — Pxtlverbatch.  *  'Ow  is  it  yo'  binna  at  the  turmits 
to-day,  Molly  P '  '  Indeed,  Maister,  I  couldna  gdd ;  my  back's  bad 
an'  my  limbs  achen,  an*  Tm  altogether  out  o'  gearumJ  A.S.  gearo, 
ready ;  prepared. 

OEE,  GEE-HO.    See  Waggoner's  Words  to  Hones. 

GEE-HO-PLOTTGH  [jee  oa*  plou],  sb.  a  plough  drawn  by  two  hones 
abreast.     Qy.  com. 

*  Two  sets  of  G.  0.  back  bands  and  traces,  in  lots.' — Audioneer^s 
Catalogue  (Longville),  1877.    Called  Gee-woa-pUmgh, — ^Newpoet. 

GEHTLE-LOUT,  ab,  the  lean  part  of  the  loin  of  a  bacon-pig,  between 
the  ham  and  the  flitch. — Bishop's  Castle  ;  Cluw.    Cf .  Griskin. 

OEFTLEMAIT'S-BUTTOHS,  sb,  pi,  the  flowers  of  Scabiosa  succiio. 
— Whitchuech,  Tilatock,    Cf.  Blue-heads. 

OEOLTITUDES  [ji'ol-titeudzl,  sb.  pi  bursts  of  passionate  temper.— 
PuLVERBATCH,  Condover,     vL  Tantrums. 

GEOHMOCKS  [jrom-uksj,  sb,  pi,  shreds;  tatters.  —  Worthkn  ; 
Wem.     *  'Er  gownd's  all  in  geomniocks,* 

GETHEB  [gedh'ur'],  v,  n,  to  ramify,  as  of  young  com. — Pdlvbr- 
BATCH.  *  That  crop  looks  thin,  Bayly.'  *  Never  mind,  it'll  look  bettor 
after  awilde,  w'en  it  begins  to  gether*    Cf.  Stoul  (2). 

GETHEBIH*,  sb.  the  *  Offertory'  collection  in  church. — ^Polvbr- 
batch;  Clun.  Qy.  com.  *Whad  sort  on  a  getherin*  'ad'n  a  on 
Sunday?' 

GIB  [gib],  (1)  sb.  a  wooden  prop  used  to  support  the  coal  when 
being  *  holed.'— Colliery  ;  A£.  T.    Cf.  Sprag  (4). 

(2)  ab,  a  piece  of  iron  of  a  peculiar  shape— not  unlike  the  half  of  a 
hollow  square— used  in  connecting  machmery  together. — Colliebt  ; 
M.  T. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   173 

(3)  Bb,f  obaoU,  ?  the  handle  of  a  walking-stick.  —  Bbidonoeth  ; 
Ellesmebe. 

GIBBED-STICK,  eb,,  obaoUA  a  hooked  ^i\ck.—Ihid,  '  GilnAaff,  a 
quarter-staff,'  is  giyen  by  both  Bay  and  Grose  as  a  North-county 
word.    Of.  Xibba. 

6ID  [gid*],  sb,  a  dizziness  to  which  sheep  are  liable — caused  by 
Ayda^MJtf.— Glee  Hills.    Of.  E.  giddy^  also  Kimet  (1). 

OIE  [gi''])  V,  a.  give  :  used  in  the  imperative  mood  and  in  some  tenses 
of  the  other  moods.  Com.  *  Qie  the  child  that  apple  as  *e  wants.* 
'  It'll  git  'em  Bummat  to  do.' 

*  Fortune !  if  thou'll  but  gie  me  still 
Hale  breeks,  a  scone,  an'  Whisky  gill, 
An'  rowth  o'  rhyme  to  rave  at  "v^,' 

Tak'  a'  the  rest. 
An'  deal't  about  as  thy  blind  skill 

Directs  thee  best.' 

BoBEBT  BuBNS,  Poems,  p.  9, 1.  19. 

Ol'ED  [gi''d],  pret.  gave. — N.  and  N.  E,  Shr.  Border. 

'  Oh  I  had  wooers  aught  or  nine, 
They  gted  me  rings  and  ribbons  fine ; 
Ana  I  was  feared  mv  heart  would  tine, 
And  I  gied  it  to  the  weaver.' 

BoBEBT  BuBNS,  PoevM,  p.  227,  U.  2 — 4,  c.  2. 

OI*EH  [gi'*n],  part,  past,  given. — Ibid, 

*  He  ne'er  was  gCen  to  great  miRguidin', 
Yet  coin  his  pouches  wad  na  bide  in ; 
Wi'  him  it  ne'er  was  under  hidin', 

He  dealt  it  free : 
The  Muse  was  a'  that  he  took  pride  in, 

Thaf  s  owre  the  sea.' 
BOBEBT  BUBNS,  Po€7ns,  p.  71, 1.  25,  c.  2. 

OIES  [gi''z]i  V,  a.  gives.     Com. 

*  My  Peggy  smiles  sae  kindly, 

It  makes  me  blithe  and  bauld, 
And  naething  gies  me  sic  delight, 
As  wauking  of  the  fauld.' 

Allan  Bamsat,  The  OentU  Sh^Jierd,  I.  i.  p.  6. 

GIFTS  [gifts],  sb,  pi.  white  spots  on  the  finger-nails ;  said  to  fore- 
token gifts.    Oom. 

'  A  gift  on  the  thumb 

Is  sure  to  come ; 
A  gift  on  the  finger 
IB  sure  to  linger.' 

Children  sometimes  read  the  si>ots  on  their  nails  thus — ^boginning 
with  the  thumb  and  ending  with  the  little  finger : — '  Gift,  theft, 
friend,  foe,  journey  to  come.' 

0IG6IH0  0IEVE  [gigi'n  siv],  9b,  a  sieve,  worked  by  a  crank. 


174  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOBL 

used  in  a  flour-mill  for  the  first  prooeos  of  taking  out  the  rough  husks 
or  other  hard  substances.    Com. 

OILLOFEB  [jil-u'fur'J,  sb.  Cheiranthiis  Cheiri,  common  Wall-flower, 
and  Mathiolat  Stock,  are  included  in  this  term,  which  is  usually 
employed  in  the  plural  form.  —  Ellesmere.  Qy.  com.  *  Them 
giUofers  smellen  sweet,  they'n  be  beautiful  fur  the  posy.' 

*  Gifh/eTf  or  Oelo/er,  The  old  name  for  the  whole  class  of  carnations, 
pinks,  and  sweet-williams;  from  the  French  girojle,  which  is  itself 
corrupted  from  the  Latiu  cariophyllum ' 

'  Here  spring  the  goodly  gelo/erB, 

Some  white,  some  red,  in  showe, 
Here  prettie  pinkes  with  jagged  leayes, 

On  rugged  rootes  do  m>we. 
The  John  so  sweete  in  showe  and  smell, 

Distincte  by  colours  twaine. 
About  the  borders  of  their  beds, 
In  seemlie  sight  remaine.' 

Plafs  Flowers  f  &c.,  in  Cen»,  Lit.^  viii.  3,  in  Nabes. 

Shakespeare  has  GUlyvors^  which  Mr.  Nares  says  is  '  a  step  of  the 
progress  to  our  modem  GiUiflower^ 

*  Ferdita.  .  .  .  The  fairest  flowers  of  the  season 
Are  our  carnations  and  streak'd  gUlyvorsJ 

WinU^B  TaU,  IV.  iv.  82. 

*  Oyllofrtf  herbe.     Oariophilus,* — Ftompt.  Farv. 

*  QiroflSe,  fleur  odorif)§rante  ;  la  plante  oui  la  porte.  Stock-gilly- 
flower.    De  la  giroflle  jaime,  Wall-flower.' — Chakb. 

OILLT-HOOTEB  [jil-i*  oo-tur'],  8h.  Sumium  Aluco,  Brown  Owl.— 

ElXESMERE. 

OILLT-OWLET,  sh.  Sirixflammea,  White  Owl— the  young  birds.— 
Clun,  Hereford  Border,     Ct  Owlert. 

OILT  [gil't],  ab.  a  young  sow  that  has  not  had  a  litter. — ^Pulvbb- 
BATCH ;  Glee  Hills.    Qy.  com. 

'Capital  sow  in  pig.*  *Do.  gilt  in  pig.' — Auctioneer* a  Catalogue 
(Stoddesden),  1870. 

*  Suilla,  vel  auculay  gilte,'  occurs  in  Archhp,  JElfrii^s  Vocahidaryy 
X,  cent.,  in  Wr,  vocabs.,  voL  i.  p.  22. 

'  Oyltef  swyne.    A  gilt^  or  gaut,  signifies  in  the  North  a  female  pig 

that  has  been  spayed Any  female  swine  is  called  a  giU  in 

Staffordshire.* — Frompt.  Farv.  and  Notes. 

A.S.  giUe;  O.Icel.  gilta,  young  sow. — Stbat.    Cf.  Qalt. 

QTS  [jin*],  sb.f  obaols.  a  contrivance  for  hoisting  minerals  out  of  the 
shsdPt — chiefly  used  in  sinking.  It  is  a  'drum'  fixed  on  an  upright 
shaft,  supported  by  a  rude  frame- work  of  timber :  this  *  drum  '•;- 
made  to  revolve  by  horse-power — ^winds  up  the  ropes  employed  ui 
raising  the  '  barrels '  to  the  surface. — M.  T.     Com. 

Qin  is  found  in  the  early  writers  in  the  twofold  sense  of  an 
ingeniously-constructed  machine  and  of  an  artful  or  crafty  device. 
Chaucer  has  it  in  both  these.    An  instance  of  the  former  occurs  in 
The  Squieres  TcUe,  where  it  is  related  that  the  magic  '  stede  of  bras 
would  bear  its  rider  at  his  pleasure — 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   17p 

'  And  tume  ayeyn,  "with  wrything  of  a  pin. 
He  that  it  wroughte  coude  ful  many  a  gin* 

F.  128  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

*  Trcdeay  the  gyn  whyche  is  called  a  crane.' — Elyot. 

'  Exoatra,  a  vice  or  gin  of  wood,  wherewith  such  things  as  are  done 
within,  out  of  sight,  are  showed  to  the  beholders  by  the  turning  about 
of  wheeles.' — Juniut^B  Nomenclator,  by  Fleming,  in  Way. 

'  O.Fr.  engien,  engin;  machine  de  guerre ;  ruse,  finesse ;  machinerie, 
tromperie;  de  ingenium,*— Bur, 

OIH-BABSELS,  sb,  pl.^  obsols.  the  barrels  used  to  bring  up  minerals 
out  of  the  shidft. — M.  T.  Com.  'Always  comin*  an'  gooin'  like  gin- 
barrels,* 

OIH-HOBSE,  sb.,  obsols,  the  hoise  which  works  the  gin, — Ibid, 

OIV-BIVO,  sb.  obsols.  the  circle  which  the  gin-horse  traverses  in 
working  tiie  gin, — Ibid, 

OIBD  [gur'd'l,  t?.  a.  to  pull  violently. — ^Wbm.  *  Dunna  yo'  gird  the 
ro])'  athatn.  As  a  verb,  gird^  to  strike,  to  cut,  is  found  in  the  early 
writers. 

'  &  whan  l^e  duk  was  war  *  (lat  he  wold  come 
boute  feyntice  of  feuer  *  he  festned  his  spere, 
ft  grimly  wij»  gret  cours  •  eis^^er  gerde]^  o>>er.' 

Willium  o/Falemey  L  1240. 

'  And  to  thise  cherles  two  he  gan  to  preye 
To  slen  him,  and  to  girden  of  his  hed.' 

Chatjceb,  C,  T.,  I.  14,464. 

At  a  later  period  gird  was  used  in  a  metaphorical  sense — to  cut  or 
lash  with  wit  or  sarcasm.  Shakespeare  has  this  use  of  the  word  both 
verbally  and  substantively. 

'  Sic,  ^ay,  but  his  taunts. 

Bru,  Being  moved,  he  will  not  spare  to  gird  the  gods.' 

Coriolanus,  L  L  2^. 

'  Luc  I  thank  thee  for  that  gird^  good  Tranio.' 

Taming  of  the  Shrew,  Y.  ii.  68. 

OntDEB  [gur'-du/],  sb,  a  heavy  blow. — Pulvbrbatch.  Qy.  com. 
'  I  gid  'im  a  pretty  girder,*    A.S.  gyrd,  a  staff ;  rod. 

OIBL,  OIBLD  [gae'r'l,  gaeVld],  sb,,  pee,  a  single  woman  of  any  age. 
Com.  The  alternative  pronimciations  are  dependent  upon  the  educa- 
tion or  refinement  of  the  speaker. 

/'  -  »  My  unde  John  Gk>ugh  dyed,  butt  my  aunt  Katherine  survived 
him.  Shee  was  soe  extreeme  fatt  that  shee  could  not  goe  straite 
foreward  through  some  of  the  inward  doores  in  the  house,  butt  did 
tume  her  body  sidewayes;  and  yett  shee  would  go  up  staires  and 
downe  againe,  and  too  and  fro  in  the  house  and  yanL  as  nimblv,  and 
tread  as  light  as  a  ^'W  of  20  or  30  years  of  age.'— Qoxtgh's  History 
o/MyddlStp,  101. 
Cf.  Lone-girL 

OIS-AV-OULLIES,  sb,  pi,  the  blossoms  of  Salix  cqprSa,  great  round- 
leaved  Sallow.  —  Shbewsbury;  Pulvbrbatch  ;  Wbm.     Qy.  com. 


176  8HR0PSHIRB  WORD-BOOK. 

Ois-an* 'Gullies  s=  Geese  and  Gktslixigs.    Bee  Bk.  II.,  FoUdore^  &c, 
'  Superstitions  concerning  Plants.' 

0IZ2AV,  OIZZAVT  [Kiz-u'n],  Cleb  Hills,      [giz-u'nt],  Pulvkr- 

BATCH  ;  Wem,  9h,     *  Shall  I  'elp  yo'  to  a  wing,  Miss  G P    Dun  yo' 

perfer  the  liyer  or  the  gizzant  f 

Pe^ge  gives,  '  Oizzen^  the  stomach  of  a  fowl,  &c.,  Lana' 
'  We  have  gyMame  in  an  early  MS.  collection  of  medical  receipts  at 
Lincoln,  apparently  in  the  same  sense'  [of  gizzard]. — Hal. 

OLAB  [glab'],  sh,  a  talkative,  tattling  person. — Pulverbatch.  '  Yo* 
met*n  as  well  ^e  the  bell-man  a  groat  to  cry  it  as  tell  Nancy  Price 
anythin' — 'er  is  sich  a  glah,*  '  No,  I  think  yo'd'n  better  tell  'er  an' 
save  yore  fourpence.'    Cf.  Clat  (2). 

GLADSOME  [glad 'sum],  adj,  joyous;  cheery;  pleasant — ^Pulver- 
batch. *  Well,  Bichut,  'ow  bin'ee  ?  I  'spocted  to  see  yo'  as  gladsome 
as  a  butterfly,  an'  'ere  yo'  bin  lookin'  as  dismal  as  a  mug  in  Novembor/ 

'  As  when  a  man  hath  ben  in  noure  estaat, 
And  clymbeth  vn,  and  wexeth  fbrtunat, 
And  ther  abydetn  in  prosperitee, 
Swich  thing  is  gl€uisom,  as  it  thinketh  me.' 

Chaucsb,  B.  3968  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeai 

A.S.  glctdf  glad ;  cheerful ;  pleasant. 

GLAVTH  [glan*th1,  sh.  a  shade  or  tone  of  colour. — Corvb  Dale. 
'  The  barley  innad  'urt — it's  on'y  lest  a  nice  glanih  on  it.'  This  was 
said  of  barley  that  had  stood  much  wet  weather. 

OLASTEB  [glas'tur*],  ttb.  milk  and  water. — ^Pulverbatoh ;  Wem; 
Oswestry.  '  Aye,  this  is  milk  like  milk,  nod  sich  gUuier  as  yo'  gotten 
i'  the  towns.'    W.  glasdvor. — Idem. 

OLAT  [glat*],  (1  W&.  a  broken  down  opening  in  a  hedge. — ^Pulvbb- 
batch;  Bishop^s  Castle ;  Corve  Dale;  Ludlow;  Wem,  *Them 
ship  bin  all  i'  the  lane,  Maister,  I  doubt  theer's  a  gUU  somew'eer  i'  the 
leasow  fence.' 

(2)  Bh.  a  gap  in  the  mouth  caused  by  loss  of  teeth. — Puxverbatch. 
*  Dick,  yo'  bin  a  flirt ;  I  thought  yo'  wun  gwein  to  marry  the  cook  at 
the  paas'n's.'  *  Aye,  but  'er^d  gotten  too  many  glaU  i'  tike  mouth  fur 
me.     See  Gai-tooihed,  in  Wedo. 

(3)  «6.  the  *  vacant  place '  made  by  death. — ^Pulverbatch.  *  Bo 
the  poor  owd  Squire's  gwun  !  Itll  be  a  lungful  wilde  afore  that 
glafi  maden  up — theer  5onna  be  another  like  'im.' 

GLAVBE  Jglai'vur'],  v,  a.  to  flatter  with  a  view  to  self  interest;  to 
cajole.— Wek.     *  '£  glavered  'im  o'er  till  at  last  'e  stud  'im  a  quart' 

'And  f^at  wicked  folke  '  wymmen  bi-traie)', 
And  bigile)>  hem  of  her  good  *  wi)»  glauerynge  wordes.' 

P.  PI.  Or,,  L  52. 
W.  gla/ru,  to  flatter. 

OLEDE  [glee-d],  sb.  a  red  spark  of  fire. — Shrewsburt;  Pulver- 
batch, Qy.  com.  '  Theer  wuz  a  nice  glede  o*  fire  i'  the  grate  w'en  I 
got  up  this  momin'.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   177 

*  Of  knith  ne  liauede  He  neuere  drede, 
^at  lie  ne  sprong  forth  so  sparke  of  gledej 

Havdok  the  Dane,  1.  91. 

'  Her  house  sae  bien,  her  curch  sae  clean, 

I  wat  she  is  a  dainty  chucky ; 
And  cheerUe  blinks  the  mgle^gleed 

Of  Lady  Onlie,  honest  Lucky  I ' 

EoBBBT  BusNS,  Foems^  p.  252, 1.  19,  c.  2. 

AuS.  gUdy  a  burning;  fire. 

OLSDESy  sb.  pi,  clear,  glowing  red  cinders ;  glowing  wood  embers 
out  of  a  bread-oTen.  —  Shbbwsbxjey  :  Pulvekbatch.  Qy.  com. 
The  gledes  from  oyen-fiiel  are  often  collected  into  a  tin  pail  for  the 
purpose  of  making,  or  keepine,  a  dish  of  food  hot,  which  they  do 

•  very  effectually.  *  Sally,  put  uie  men's  'tatoe-pie  o'er  them  glede$  aft 
come  out  o'  the  oven,  to  keep  warm  for  supper. 

'  And  as  glowande  gledes  *  gladieth  nou^te  ^is  werkmen, 
y&t  woronen  &  waken  '  in  wyntres  ni3tes, 
»     Ajs  doth  a  kex  or  a  candel  *  f^at  cau^te  hath  fyre  &  blaseth.* 

Piere  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  xvii.  L  217. 

'  Loke  how  that  fire  of  smal  gledes,  that  ben  almost  ded  under  ashen, 
wol  quicken  ay^n,  whan  they  ben  touched  with  brimstone,  rieht  so 
ire  wol  evermore  quicken  ay  en,  whan  it  is  touched  with  pride  tiiat  is 
covered  in  mannes  herte.'— ^hauceb,  Tke  Persones  Tale  {De  Ira), 

'  For  there  no  noisy  railway  speeds. 
Its  torch-race  scattering  smoke  and  gleeds.* 

LoNOFELLOW,  Prelude  to  Tales  of  a  Wayside  Inn, 

A.S.  gl^d;  O.Fris.  glSd;  O.Du.  gloed,  glowing  coal. — Stbat. 

OLEDY  [glee'di'J,  adj,  red;  glowing;  clear;  said  of  a  fire. — 
Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  'Mind  to  '&ve  a  nice 
glefly  fire  fur  makin'  the  suppin',  else  yo'n  get  it  groud.* 

'  The  cruel  ire,  as  reed  as  eny  gleede.' 

Chaucer,  The  Knightes  Tale,  1.  1139,  ed.  Morris. 

OLEK  [glemjL  sh,  a  gleam;  a  ray  of  sunshine. — Pulverbatch. 
Qy.  com.  *  Kan  'ee  'ad  e'er  a  swarm  o'  bees  it  ?  Theer^s  bin  some- 
nice  glems  to-day.' 

'  Als  ^  knithes  were  comen  aUe, 
per  hauelok  lay,  ut  of  )»e  halle, 
So  stod  ut  of  his  mouth  a  aUm, 
Bith  al  swilk  so  ^  sunne-bem ; 
pat  al  so  lith  wa[s]  {rare ;  bi  heuene ! ' 

Havdok  the  Dane,  1.  2123. 

A.S.  gloem,  a  gleam ;  brightness. 

OLBXMT,  adj.  said  of  the  weather  when  there  are  gleams  of 
sultry  heat,  or  alternating  sunshine  and  showers. — I  hid.  *This 
alemmy  weather's  grand  for  feedin'  the  com,  now  its  dropped  the 
blow.'  *'0w  lung  dun  'ee  reckon  from  blow-drop  till  'arroost?' 
'About  five  wik.' 

OLIBB  [glei'b],  sb.,  var,  pr,,  obmU.  the  glebe. — ^Pulvbrbatcs.  See 
Slooked. 

N 


178  SHROPSHIRK  WORD*8QOK. 

OLIB  [gliil],  sh.,  obsoU.  Milvug  regdlU^  the  Kite.  Com.  'Bessey, 
run  i  the  orchat  an*  look  after  them  young  ducks — I  see  a  glid  about, 
an'  the  'en*8  under  the  pen,  an'  canna  defend  'em.' 

*  MilvMj  glida,'  occurs  in  Archbp.  jSl/ric^a  Vocabulary^  x.  cent.,  in 
Wr.  vocabs.,  toL  L  p.  29.  Mr.  \Vright  remarks  upon  it — '  Gkde 
continued  to  be  the  usual  English  name  for  the  kite  till  a  com- 
paratively late  period.'  He  refers,  for  example,  to  an  Enyli^h 
VocAibu'ary,  xv.  cent.,  p.  188  of  the  same  volume,  where  *J?cc 
MilvM  A^f  glede,'  is  found.     A.S.  gliday  a  kite.     Cf. 


OLIHT  [glin't],  (1)  V,  a,  to  dry;  to  wither:  the  sun  gliTits  gnsg 
and  com. — Clee  Ulixs. 

(2)  adj.  dull,  as  of  the  edge  of  a  knife— 'the  knife's  yhfUJ-— 
Wellington. 

OLOB  [glauV],  sh.  fat.  —  Pulvtobatgh  ;  Wem.  The  following 
humorous  dialogue — heard  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Pulyerbatch— 
is  supposed  to  be  caused  by  two  crows,  one  of  which  has  found  a 
carrion  that  the  other  desires  to  share  :— 

First  Crow.  *  All  glor,  all  glor  ! '  « 

Sec,  Crow,  *  Weer  is  it  ?  w'eer  is  it  P ' 
First  Crow,  *  Down  i'  the  moor,  down  i'  the  moor.' 
Sec,  Crow.  *  Shall  I  come  alung  ?  shall  I  come  alung  P  * 
First  Crow.  '  Bar  bwiins,  bar  bwuns ! ' 

Pegge  gives  *  Ohre,  fat  North.,'  and  *  Olur,  soft  iai  Ltnc' 
Cf.  a  lor  in  E.  D.  S. ,  C.  v. 

OLOS-FAT,  adj.  excessively  fat ;  an  over-fed  beast  would  be  said  to 
be  gloT'/at, — PuLVEKBATOH ;  WsM.    See  Oloar-fat  in  Hal. 

OLUE,  sh,f  pee.  the  gum  which  exudes  fW>m  the  bark  of  hardy  stone- 
fruit  trees. — SuREWSBUBT ;  Pulvebbatch.    See  Lammas-plum. 

OLXTE-WABM,  adj,  lukewarm.— Shrewsbury.  'Mix  the  waiter 
fur  naidin'  [kneading]  nod  more  than  glue^warmJ*    Cf.  Ijew-warm. 

GLUT  [glut*],  sb,  a  long  continuance  of  wet  weather. — Pulvebbatch. 
'  We  nanna  'ad  sich  a  glut  o'  raiu  this  lung  wilde.' 

OLTDE  [^lei-d],  (1)  v,  n.  to  squint — ^Wbm.     Qy.  com. 

Ash  gives  '  Oly,  to  look  asquint  (a  local  word).'  Jamieeon  has  'To 
Gley,  Olye,  to  squint.' 

'  Ifec  stroha,  a  woman  glyande,'  and  *  Hie  straho-nis^  a  glvere,'  occur 
in  a  Nominale,  xv.  cent.,  m  Wr.  vocabe.,  voL  i  p.  225.  Mr.  Wright 
explains  *  Glyande '  as  '  Glyantt^  squinting.' 

See  •  Glyart  or  goguleye,'  in  Prompt,  Paw,,  with  Way's  note.  Ct 
Squine. 

(2)  sh,  a  squint. — Ibid, 

CK>B  [gob-],  (1)  «5.  a  lump  of  dough  op  bread;  also  of  cheese.— 
Shrewsbury,  Uffington,  '  Mother,  canna  yo'  spar  me  that  gttb  o' 
duff  to  mak'  pot-balls  on  ?*  *No,  far  Vm  gweXn  to  mak'  apiefttr 
yore  faither's  supper.' 

'  Hec  massa  An",  a  gobet  of  dow,'  occurs — ^under  the  head  of  Fidor 
€um  suis  Instrumentis^m  Pictorial  Vocabulary,  xv.  oeni,  in  Wr. 
vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  277. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC   179 

*  Gbbet,  lampe.  Frustrumy  massa,  Oobet,  parte,  Pars.  The  word 
gobbet  formerly  implied  not  only  a  lump,  but  generally  a  piece  or 

portion  of  anything "  Gobbet,  a  lumpe,  or  a  pece,  monceau, 

M>ptn,  chanteau"  —  Palso.  The  derivation  appears  to  be  from 
•*  Oobeau,  a.  bit,  gobbet,  or  morsell."  Goto.* — Prompt  Parv,  and 
Nates, 

(2)  fib,  the  crumb  or  middle  part  of  a  loaf,  from  which  the  crust  has 
been  broken  off. — ^Ludlow,  Worcestershire  Border,  *Some  chaps 
'ad'n  some  bayte  at  a  public,  an'  p^^lenen  the  loaf.  Wen  the  owd 
56man  come  in,  'er  says — liftin'  up  'er  *onds — **  Whad's  to  become  o* 
theaoJ^'' 

*  Gobet  of  a  broke  thynge  (of  hole  thinge.  P.).  Frogmen,  frogmen^ 
turn,* — Prompt,  Parv, 

(3)  sh.  a  rough  sod,  or  clump  of  coarse  grass  in  a  pasture-field. — 
Shrewsbuby,  Uffington. 

*  Oleba,  a  gobet  of  erthe,'  in  Way.    Cf.  Hobs  and  Gobs. 

(4)  sh,  a  mass  of  refuse  matter,— Collieby  ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmere. 
'  They'n  turned  a  fine  gob  o*  sludge  out  o'  that  diche— hanna  they  ? ' 

(5)  sb.  the  'worked  out*  part  of  a  coal-mine. — Colliery;  M.  T. 
To  build  the  gob  is  to  prop  the  walls  of  the  excavations  with  timber, 
as  each  miner  proceeds  with  his  work,  in  order  to  prevent  them 
fetUing  in  upon  him.    See  Gob-gate*road,  below. 

GOBBLE  [gob'l],  (1)  v.  a.  to  sew  or  mend  in  a  rough  kind  of  way. 
— Shrewsbury.  Qy.  com.  *  'Ere  Sally,  tak'  this  owd  petticut  an' 
gobble  it  up — it  inna  wuth  wastin'  time  o'er,  but  it'll  do  to  wesh  in.' 

com. 
^       's  so 
gobhy.' 

GOB-GATE-BOAD,  sh,  a  main  road  carried  into  the  gob, — Colliery  ; 
M .  T.    See  Gob  (5),  above ;  also  Gate-road. 

GOD  A'HIGHTT*8  LADY-COW,  sh,  CoccineUa  septem  punctata, 
the  Lady-bird. — Pulverbatoh.  'This  well-known  insect  is  dedi- 
cated to  Our  Lady,  as  appears  by  the  German  name  Marien-kd/er  or 
Qottes-kUhleiny  in  Carinthia  FrauenkUele,  in  Brittany  it  is  called  /a 
petite  vache  du  bon  Dieu,  and  Bohem.  Bozj  krawicka,  God's  little 
cow,  has  the  same  meaning.' — Wedo.  • 

The  Welsh  name  for  the  *  Lady-bird '  is  •  Yfuwch  coch  fach '  =  the 
little  red  cow.    See  Lady-cow. 

GOIN'  A-TUHMASIH'.  See  Bk.  IL,  Folklore,  &c.,  'Customs 
connected  with  Days  and  Seasons'  {8t,  Thomae?  Day), 

GOLDEF  AiraTgHj  si,  the  Yellow  Ammer.— Cluk.  See  Black- 
smith. 

GOLDEV-CHAnrS,  sh.  pi,  the  flowers  of  Cytisus  Lahnmum.  Qy. 
com. 

GOLDEH-SHOWEBS,  ic/dm.— Pulvbrbatch. 

OOLDFIHCH,  sh.  pee,  same  as  Cfoldfinch,  q.  v. — Pulverbatoh. 

GOLOBE  [gu'loa'h'r'J,  adv,  in  abundance;  always  concluding  the 

ir  2 


OOBBY   [gob-i'],  adj.  rough;  uneven. — Pulverbatoh.     Qy.  c< 
'This  knittin's  deepert  onshooty,  but  I  canna  'elp  it— the  yom'j 


180  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

phrase  or  sentence  in  which  it  is  used — '  We'n  apples  gdore,* — GoRVS 
Dale.  *  Gkielic,  gu  ISar,  enough,  from  le^,  an  adj.  signifying  suffi- 
cient, with  the  prefix  af«»  which  is  used  for  oonyerting  an  ai^j.  into  an 
adyerb.'— Note  in  E.  D,  S.,  C.  iii.  p.  30. 

OOHDES  [gon'durn,  (1)  sb.^  var,  pr.  a  gander.  Com.  *  Fm  gwein  io 
kill  my  owd  gondery  Maister ;  Tye  'ad  'im  fiye  an*  twenty  'ear,  an^  I 
know  as  I  should  neyer  get  my  owd  tith  throu*  'im,  so  111  dress  *im 
fur  the  markit,  an*  tak'  'im  to  Soseb'ry  o'  SaturdV.'  Thus  spake 
Betty  Matthews  of  Castle  Pulyerbatch  [1833],  and-Hshe  sold  her 
^gonder  l^ 

(2)  V,  n.  to  mope  about — Pulvebbatch.    ^  That  fellow's  good  fur 
nuthin'  but  gonaer  about  like  a  kimet  ship.' 

GK)VE  COLD,  part,  past,  become  cold.     Com. 

GOOD  FEW.    See  Indefinite  Hnmerals,  p.  xlyi. 

OOODXES-TUESDAT,  sb.y  obsols,  Shroye-Tuesday.— PuLysiiBATOH ; 
Clitn;  Clee  Hills.  'Mother,  did*n*ee  'ear  whad  our  lickle  Sam 
said? — as'e  knowed  why  it  wuz  called  Ooode^-CJioozdywaz  'cause 
Mam  al'ays  made  poncakes.  Inna-d-'e  mighty  arpit  ? '  Called  CUttU- 
Tuesday, — Wem.    Grose  has  '  Oooddit,  Shroye-tide.    North.' 

GOOD  OLD  HAS  BEEH,  phr.  said  of  persons  or  things  that  haye 
past  their  prime. — Pulye&batch.  ^'Ei^s  a  aood  owd  'cm  bin*  waa 
remarked  of  a  sometime  beauty  who  bad  lost  all  pretension  to  be  con- 
sidered such. 

GOOLD  [goo'ld],  sb,,  var,  pr,,  obaols.  gold. — Shbbwsburt  ;  PuLyER- 
BATCU;  Oswestry.  Ooold  is  a  lingering  form,  which  dates  from 
the  time  of  George  lY.,  when  it  was  a  *  shibboleth '  of  good  breeding. 

OOOH  [goom],  (1)  ab.  B.  swelling,  as  from  a  sprain. — Clee  Hills. 
*  'Ow  oid'n  yo'  come  by  that  goom  o'  yore  'ond  F '  <  I  gid  it  a  kench, 
but  m  get  some  lies  [oils]  to  it  to  linnow  it  a  bit.* 

(2)  $h,,  var.  pr.  the  gum.     Qy.  oom.     *I  think  'ell  &ye  a  tuth 
through  afore  lung — they  bin  yery  'ard  i'  the goom$* 

OOOK-TITH,  sb.  pi.  molar  teeth.     Qy.  coul     '  It  wuz  one  o'  my 

focm-'tith  as  ached  so,  it  warched  an'  nagged,  an'  gid  me  no  pace,  so 
went  to  *aye  it  drawed  ;  an'  the  mon,  'e  piit  the  pinsons  on  it  an' 
gid  one  pool,  an'  out  it  comen — but  it  gid  me  whad  for.' 

Of.  '  tes  dents  maschdieres^  The  cheeke-teeth,  Jaw-teeih,  grinders.' 
— CoTGRAVE,  in  Bible  Word-Book,  p.  278. 

OOOSE-APPLE,  sb.f  obsols.^  a  green,  juicy  cooking-apple,  excellent 
for  sauce. — Pijlvbrbatch  ;  Wellinoton,  Upton  Waters. 

OOOSE-0008,  sb.  pL  gooseberries. — Oswestrt. 

GK)KSE-BIRD,  »b.  Fringilla  canndbina,  thQ  Brown  Linnet — Clun. 
See  below. 

60B8E-HATCHES,  same  as  aboye.— Bridonorth.  This  namo 
points  to  the  bird's  habit  of  making  its  nest  under  gorse-bushes. 

00B8B-THATCHER,  same  as  aboye.^CHURCH  Strbttok. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC   181 

OOBST  [goi^'st],  sb.  Ulex  Europasua^  common  Farze. — Com.  8,  Shr. 
'  ril  '&Te  a  foud  'unUed  out  by  that  shad  an'  waund  55th  gorst — itll 
be  warm  fur  the  beas  to  ate  thar  tarmits/ 

'  1643.  Payd  for  5  loads  of  Oartte  to  stop  the  breaches  in  the  church 
&  placing  the  same  with  chardges  17  s. 

'  1649.  Bee',  for  old  gorste  that  was  taken  out  of  the  breaches  in  the 
north  side  of  the  church  38.' — Churchwarden^  Accounts  of  the  Ahbetf, 
Shrewsbury. 

*  pe  fox  &  J>e  folmarde  •  to  J»e  fryth  wyndej^ 
Hertes  to  hyie  hej>e  •  harei  to  acrste^, 
&  lyounej  &  lebarde3  *  to  pe  lake-ryftes.* 

Alliterative  Poems^  The  Deluge  ^A.D.  1360,  circa), 
Sjpecim.  Early  Eng.y  xili.  L  535. 

*  Herha  iras,  gorst.' — Anglo-Saxon  Vocabulary ^  xi.  cent.,  in  Wr. 
Yocabs.,  ToL  L  p.  68.    A.S.  goret,    Cf.  Qoss. 

GOESTT,  adj.  abounding  with  'gorst* — *a  gorsty  bonk.' — Com. 
8.  Shr. 

OOSS  [go8*],  same  as  Gorst. — Newport  ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmere. 

'  Tooth'd  briers,  sharp  furzes,  pricking  goes  and  thorns.' 

Tempesty  IV.  i.  180. 

'  Ooe$,  Furze.    Kent.     Galled  in  the  North  gorse.'^-GROSE. 

€K)88IP8  [gos'sips],  sb.  pL  sponsors  in  Holy  Baptism. — Pulvbrbatch  ; 
Wem  ;  Oswestry.  •  Yo'd'n  a  pretty  gran'  Chris'nin'  I  'ear— who  wun 
the  goseipB  f '  '  Ooesipe  enough,  fayth  !  if  they'd'n  pickt  the  parish 
they  comdna-d-a  fund  two  better  talkers.' 

'  1540.  12  March  thro  lycens  was  christened  at  WyUey,  Agnes  the 
dought*  of  Bic'  Charlton  of  this  towne  of  Wenlok  and  of  Jone  his 
wife,  Oossibhes  wer  8'  Tho*  Boteler  of  Wenlok  aforesaid  Vicar,  and 
Maistres  Agnes  wif  Maisf  Bic'  Lacon  Lord  of  Wylley  aforesaid,  and 
the  wife  of  W"  Davys  of  Apley  Jjode'—Begieter  of  Sir  Thomas  Boteler  ^ 
Vicar  of  Much  Wemock. 

'  The^r  had  mothers  as  we  had ;  and  those  mothers  had  goeeipe  (if 
their  children  were  christened)  as  we  are.' — Ben  Jonson,  2'he  Staple 
of  News,  The  Induction, 

*  Oosaip  is  still  used  by  our  peasantry  in  its  first  and  etymological 
sense,  namely,  as  a  sponsor  m  baptism— one  aib  or  akin  in  Ood, 
according  to  the  doctrine  of  the  mediseval  Church,  that  sponsors  con- 
tracted a  spiritual  affinity  with  one  another,  with  the  parents,  and 
with  the  child  itself. 

*  **  Ooseips"  in  this  primary  sense,  would  ordinarily  be  intimate  and 
familiar  with  one  another — ^would  haye  been  so  already,  or  through 
this  affinity  would  have  become  so ;  and  thus  the  word  was  next 
applied  to  all  familiars  and  intimates.  At  a  later  day  it  obtained  the 
meaning  which  is  now  predominant  in  it,  namely,  the  idle  profitless 
talk,  the  ''comm^rage  (which  word  has  exactly  the  same  nistory), 
that  too  often  finds  place  in  the  intercourse  of  such.' — ^Abchrp. 
Tbehch,  Select  OUmary,  pp.  95,  96. 

See  Wat's  note  in  Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  204.  A.S.  god-eihh,  a  gossip  ; 
sponsor. 


182  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

008TES  [gos'tur^],  (1)  «6.  swagger;  vapoaring  talk;  empty. com- 
pliment.— Weh  ;  Kt.t.tomurk  '  (He  us  none  o'  yore  ^oiter---dim'ee 
think  as  folks  han  no  better  sense  till  believe  it  P' 


(2)  V,  n.  to  swagger,  &o. — Thid.    Pesge  gives  '  Goytter,  to  brag 
^aggor ; '  but  does  not  add  locality  wnere  used. 


and 
swagger 

00  THT  WATS,  phr,  chiefly  addressed  to  children  when  bidding 
them  begone  in  a  good-humoured  kind  of  way. — Shsewsbubt.  Qy. 
com.  This  phrase,  according  to  Mr.  Oliphant,  is  found  for  the  fint 
time  in  the  uandlyng  Synne  [1303],  p.  346. 

*  pou  mayst  ^an  sykerly  go  ^  weye,* 

See  Sources  of  Standard  EnglUh,  pp.  191 — 194. 

Shakespeare  uses  it :— > 

'  King.  Oo  thy  ways^  Kate : 

That  man  i'  the  world  who  shall  report  he  has 
A  better  wife,  let  him  in  nought  be  trusted, 

For  speaking  false  in  that ' 

K.  Henry  VIII.,  H.  ir.  138. 
See  Come  thy  ways. 

OOWD  [goud],  «&.,  var. pr,  goli — "Wellington ;  Newport.    Qy. 

eom. 

'  The  rank  is  but  the  guinea  stamp ; 
The  man's  the  go^vd  for  a'  that.* 

Egbert  Burns,  Poems,  p.  227, 1.  28,  c.  2. 

See  Orammar  Outlines  {vowels,  Ac),  0  (9),  (21). 

OOWDEH  [gou'dn],  adj,,  var.  pr.  golden. — Ibid. 

*  Thou  paints  auld  Nature  to  the  nines, 
In  thy  sweet  Caledonian  lines ; 
Nae  gowden  stream  thro*  myrtles  twines. 

Where  Philomel, 
While  nightly  breezes  sweep  the  vines, 

Her  griefe  will  tell  I  * 
Robert  Burns,  Poems,  p.  114,  L  12,  c.  2. 

OOWm)  [gou'nd],  «fc.,  var.  pr.  a  gown.     Com. 

•  1756.  Pd.  for  a  Gownd  for  An  Bridwaters  „  8  -  9.'— Church- 
wardens' Accounts,  Hopton  Castle. 

OSACE  [gr'ai's],  sb.,  var.  pr.  grease.  Com.  *  Whad  !  han  they  'ad 
a  sale  up  at  the  'ill  ?  *  '  Oh,  aye !  they  bin  gwun  all  to  raddle  an' 
rags,  an'  urchins*  [hedgehogs*]  grace^l  neyer  *spected  they'd'n  do 
any  good.* 

O&AFE  [gr'af'],  sb.  a  spade's  depth  in  digging. — Pulvbrbatgh; 
Wem  ;  Whitchurch  ;  Oswestry.    Qy.  com. 

'  The  measure  of  this  leape  [Humphry  Einaston's]  was  afterwards 
marked  out  upon  Knockin  Heath,  upon  a  greene  plott  by  the  way- 
side that  leads  from  Knockin  towards  NesdifPe,  with  an  H  and  a  h. 
cut  in  the  ground  at  the  ends  of  the  leapa  The  letters  wero  about 
an  elne  long,  and  were  a  spade  spraff  broad  and  a  spade  ^aff  deep. 
These  letters  were  usually  repaired  yearely  by  Mr.  Ejuaston  of 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC   183 

Buyton.     I  confesse  t  have  seen  tHe  letters,  but  did  not  take  the 
measure  of  the  distance.' — Gk)tTGH^8  History  of  Myddle,  p.  29. 

*  A.S.  flrra/oft  ;  O.lcehgra/a;  O.H.  Germ,  ^rraftan,  to  grave ;  dig.' 
--6trat. 

GRAFrarO  -  SHOVEL  [gr'af -tin  shuvl],  sb.  a  digging^pade.  — 
Whttchitrch,  Tilstock, 

OSAFTIHO-TOOL,  (l)  sh.  a  crescent-shaped  implement  for  cutting 
the  turf,  preparatory  to  making  the  drains  in  grass-land — Pulybr- 
BATcn.    K'ot  much  used  now  [1879]. 

(2)  »b.  a  long  spade  used  for  draining  purposes. — Ludlow.  See 
Floatizig-Bhovel. 

(3)  sh.  a  curved  spade  shorter  in  the  iron  part  than  the  draining- 
tool :  it  is  much  used  in  '  rahhiting,'  as  it  digs  down  to  the  hole  at 
two  semi-circular  cuts,  whereas  a  common  spade  would  require  three 
or  four  to  the  same  end — it  thus  expedites  matters.  — Clbe  Hills. 

OBAIHnrO  IS  THE  HOBH»  phr.  A  ring  appears  on  a  cow's 
horn  with  every  calf  she  has  after  the  first  one,  this  is  called  graynin* 
t*  the  *om.  Hence,  by  metaphor,  a  woman  waxing  in  years  is  said  to 
be  graynin*  C  the  ^orn.  Also,  as  it  is  the  practice  of  dishonest  cattle- 
dealers  to  file  out  the  grains  or  rings  in  a  cow's  horn,  in  order  to  make 
her  appear  younger  than  she  is ;  so,  a  woman,  who  by  artificial  means 
tries  to  give  herself  a  more  youthfHil  appearance,  is  said  to  '  tak'  the 
grayns  oufn  'cr  ^oms,^ — Pulvebbatch.    See  below. 

OBAIITS  [gr'ei'nz,  corr.  gr'aayu'z],  (1)  sb.  pi.  the  rings  in  a  cow's 
horn. — ^Pulvebbatch.  *  That  coVs  ten  'ear  owd — fur  I  counted 
seven  or  eight  grayns  in  'er  'om.' 


'Firmary  i*  *    *  Oo-a  ? '    '  'Im  as  'ad  the  pikel  grayns  potched 

'ond — the  Doctor  said  it  brought  on  tiddinus  [tetanus]  or  summat' 

*  Chain  in  fl.  the  prongs  of  a  fork.'— Jamiesox. 

*  Dan.  green^  branch ;  bough ;  prong  of  a  fork.' — Wedo. 

fiHAHCH  [gr'an-sh],  (1)  v,  a.  and  v.  n.  to  craunch  ;  to  crush  forcibly 
with  the  teeth ;  to  grind. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulyerbatch.  Qy.  com. 
*Them  curran'-cakes  as  yo'  buyen  bin  nasty  things — they  granch 
under  yore  tith  like  atin'  cinders.  *  Yo'  shud'n  gdo  to  Plimmer's,  an' 
then  yo'd'n  '&ve  'em  good.' 

(2)  sb.  a  hard  bite. — Ibid.  *  Jest  see  'ow  I  broke  my  tuth ;  theer 
wuz  a  bit  of  a  stwun  i'  that  curran'-cake,  an'  I  gid  it  a  granch,  an' 
spUt  a  piece  off  my  tuth — ^I'll  g65  w'eer  yo'  tellen  me  fur  'em  agen.' 

(3)  V.  a.  to  bite  greedily ;  to  snatch  at,  in  eating. — Pulterbatch. 
'All  them  ship  66n  granch  that  bit  o'  grass  up  in  no  time.'  Cf. 
Baunch. 

OBAHHfOWED  [gr'an-oed],  part.  adj.  ingrained  with  dirt. — Wem  ; 
Ellesmere.  Compare  granyt  =s  dyed  in  grain,  in  the  following 
linee: — 


184  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  In  onunmyByn  ded  and  granyi  yiolat, 
With  sangwyne  cape,  the  eelvage  purpiirat.* 

GtAWTS  DOTTOLAB  (a.d.  1513),  Ptol.  of  the  XIL 
Buk  of  EneadoBn   JSpecim,  Eng.  Lit^  ziiL  L  15. 
Gf.  Orixmowed« 

OBAVH0W8  [gr'an'oez],  $b.  pi,  streaks  of  dirt  left  in  clothes  from 
bad  washing ;  the  term  is  chiefly  applied  to  body-Unen. — Ibid,  Of. 
Qrinnows. 

OEAVHT- BEAKED,  part.  adj.  oyer-indulged ;  coddled-^as  if 
brought  up  by  a  more  fond  than  wise  grandmother.  Com.  '  Whad 
a  spiled,  pinnikin  Hckle  thing  that  child  is ! '  *  Aye,  'er  looks  like  a 
granny^reared  un— duna-d-'er  ? ' 

OEAESIE  [gr'an'sur'],  sh.,  obs.  a  grandsire. — ^Worthbn.  *  IVe  lef 
the  two  little  uns  alung  d6th  thar  grafuir.* 

*  Both  perles  prince  and  kyng  reray ; 
His  gracious  grangerea  and  his  ^rawndame, 
His  tader  and  moderis  of  kyngis  thay  came. 
Was  nerer  a  worthier  prynce  of  name.' 

JoHK  AuDELAT,  Lines  on  K.  Henry  F/.,  p.  viii. 

<  Oraum$yre,  fiiderys  fadjrr  (grawncyr,  S.  grauncer,  P.).    Avua,* — 
Prompt,  Farv, 

OBAS8-H00K  [gr'as*  uk],  sb.  a  small  hook  attached  to  the  head  of 
a  scythe-pole  which  fiistens  into  the  scythe  and  keeps  it  steady. — 

PULYEKBATCH.      Qy.  OOm. 

OBEEE  [gr'ee'n],  adj.  inexperienced  ;  raw. — Shbewsburt  ;  Pulver- 
BATCH.    Qy.  com.    '  Whad  can  yo'  expect  from  a  green  young  wench 
like  that  P — for  my  part  I'd  as  liT  be  athout  as  none  the  better.' 
'  ^tV.  Why  with  some  little  train,  my  Lord  of  Buckingham  P 
'  Buck.  Marry,  my  lord,  lest,  by  a  multitude, 
The  new-heal  d  wound  of  malice  should  break  out; 
Which  would  be  so  much  the  more  dangerous 
By  how  much  the  estate  is  gr^en  and  yet  ungoyemed.' 

K.  Richard  III.,  IL  ii  127. 

OBEEE-HOHI),  ah.  one  who  is  unskilled,  as  an  apprentice  or  new 
beginner  at  any  kind  of  work. — lUd.  *  Aye,  it's  done  pretty  well 
fur  a  green-^ondP^jo^n  get  saisoned  to  it  afore  seyen  'ear.' 

0BE8S  [gr'es'],  ah.  grass.  —  Newport  ;  Ellesmerb  ;  Oswestry. 
'  Nancy  Bobuts  married  agen,  dun'ee  say  P  Wy  'er's  'ardly  let  the 
gress  grow  green  on  'er  poor  'usban's  graye.' 

*  Was  neuere  non  M  mouhte  >aue 
Hise  dintes,  noy)>er  knith  ne  knaue, 
pat  he  felden  so  dos  l^e  grea 
Bi-fom  pe  eype  pat  ful  sharp  is.' 

Havdok  the  Dane,  1.  2698. 
A.S.  gr<B$f  grass. 

OBEWED  [gr'oo'd],  (1)  part.  adj.  stuck  to  the  saucepan  in  boiling; 
said  of  nmk,  porridge,  ftc— Wem  ;  Ellesiiebe.    See  Orowed. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC   185 

(2)  pi»rt,  adj.  fastened  in,  as  of  smut  or  dirt  attaching  to  the  skin. 
^Fbid.    See  Orowed  (2). 

OSET-HTTN  [gr'ai- un],  sb,  a  greyhound. — Pulvbrbatch.  *We'n 
three  dogs,  but  the  grey-un  an'  the  pynter  bin  the  Squire's.' 

*  O.N.  greyy  grey-hundr,  a  bitch.' — Wedq. 

OBET-HABrE,  sb.  a  managing,  rather  than  a  ruling,  wife. — Pulveb- 
BATGH.  Qy.  com.  'The  grey-mar^B  the  best  'orse — 'e  65dna  do 
much  good  athout  'is  wife.' 

OBID  [gr'id'l,  sb.  a  grating  over  a  drain.  Com.  ''Ow  did'n  yo' 
come  off  i*  the  starm  ?  We*d'n  a  reg'lar  floo4 ;  ^he  waiter  run  through 
the  'ouse  like  a  bruck — ^the  grid  wuz  stopt  up  at  the  back.' 

OSIBDIiE  [gr'id'l],  (1)  sb.^  obsols.%  a  gridiron.  —  Shbbwsburt; 

PULVEEBATCH. 

'  A  strong  fur  he  let  make  and  gret, 
And  a  gredel  theropon  sette.' 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Oxon.  57,  in  Hal. 

*  Craticulam,'  glossed  *  gridil, '  occurs  in  the  Treatise  of  Alexander 
Neckam,  zii.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  yol.  i.  p.  102.  W.  greiddyU,  a 
gridiron. 

Sv.  a.  to  broil ;  to  grill. — Ibid.  *  Sally,  we'n  get  on  5ftth  our 
,  an'  n^yer  mind  any  reg'lar  dinner  to-day — ^we  can  griddle  a 
slice  o'  'am  fur  our  tay,  an'  get  it  yarly.'  *  Aye,  I  think  as  that'll  be 
best.'    W.  greidio,  to  scorch ;  to  smge. 

(3)  eh.  a  grill  of  some  sort. — Ibid.  *  We  mun  get  the  Maister  a  bit 
of  a  griddle  fur  'is  tay — 'e's  bin  a  lung  journey,' 

OBIG  [gr'igl,  (1)  sb.  s,  bantam  fowl. — Pulvbrbatch;  Clbb  Hills. 
'  They'n  gid  me  a  couple  o'  grigs — a  cock  an'  a  'en.' 

(2)  sb.  Calluna  vulgaris,  common  Ling.  Qy.  com.  '  What  adyan- 
tages  then  might  bee  made  of  some  great  mosses  in  Lancashire  and 
el^where,  that  lye  near  to  coal  and  limestone,  and  therefore  might 
well  be  spared  without  making  fuell  dear,  and  improved  at  a  yery 
small  charge,  and  for  the  present  yield  little  or  no  profit,  save  some 
^rigg  or  heath  for  Bheep.^ Aubrey's  Wilts,  M8.  Eoyal  Soe.y  p.  304, 
in  Hal. 

Bay  has  '  Grig,  Salopiensibus  Heath,'  in  his  '  Catalogue  of  Local 
JTords  Paralleled  with  Welch.'    W.  grug,  heath;  ling. 

OBIO-BESOM,  sb.  a  broom  made  of  '  grig.'  Qy.  com.  *  I  like  a 
grig-besom  fur  sweepin'  the  imbers  out  o'  the  oyen,  an'  then  a  clane 
maukin'  to  finish  up  o5th.'  Grig-besoms  are  in  much  request  for  barn- 
floors. 

OBIHE  [gr^eim],  sb.  smut  grained  in— differing  from  '  collow,'  which 
is  mere  surface  soot. — Clee  Hills.  Qy.  com.  *  That  56man'6  &ce 
hanna  sid  waiter  lately — look  at  the  grime.^ 

*  Ant.  8.  What  complexion  is  she  of? 

*  Dro.  8.  Swart,  like  my  shoe,  but  her  face  nothing  like  so  clean 
kept :  for  why,  she  sweats ;  a  man  may  go  oyer  shoes  in  the  grime 
of  it. 

*Ant.  8.  That's  a  fault  that  water  will  mend. 


186  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

*Dro.  8,  No,  air,  'tia  in  gnin;  Noah's  flood  could  not  do  it' — 
Comedy  of  Error$^  IL  iL  106. 
Dan.  grimy  soot;  smut;  dirt 

ORIH  [gr'in-],  sh,  a  snare,  as  for  a  hare  or  rabbit,  &c.  Qy.  com. 
*  Whad's  the  matter  5oth  the  cat's  fut  P '  <  I  'speot  it's  bin  ketcht  in 
a  grin^  an'  Vs  got  a  poacher's  reward.' 

*  pe  loyerd  >at  sone  undenat 
Lim  and  grine  and  wel  ihwat 
Sette  and  leide  ^e  for  to  lacche 
pu  come  sone  to  l^an  hacche 
pu  were  inume  in  one  grine 
Al  hit  abohte  J^ine  schine.' 

Owl  and  NighUngdU,  IL  1055—1059. 

'  Even  as  a  bird 

out  of  the  foulers  grin^ 
Escaped  away, 
right  so  it  fareth  with  us.' 

Sternhold  and  HoPiOKS  (a.d.  1599), 
P«.  cxxiy.  7,  in  BibU  Word-Bock. 

A. 8.  grin,  a  snare.    Der.  'grinned.' 

ORnTDLE-STONE.  eh  a  grind-stone.  Qy.  com.  'Jack,  I  shall 
want  yo'  to  turn  the  grindle-Btwun  fur  me  to  sharpen  the  axe.'  See 
grindeUtonf  in  Strat. 

OBINKED,  paH,  past,  trapped  in  a  *  grin.'    Qy.  com.     See  above. 

OBINHEEED,  OEIHHEBS,  same  as  Grixmowed,  &c,,  below.— 
Newport. 

OEIITVOWEB  [gr'in'oed],  part,  adj,  ing[rained  with  dirt — Shrews- 
bury ;  PxTLVERBATCH.  *  I  56dna  gie  anythin*  to  sich  a  nasty  slanny ; 
'er  clo'es  bin  all  grinnowed  ddth  dirt,  an  'er  face  is  as  black  as  the 
aister.'    Cf.  Grannowed. 

OEINN0W8  [gr'in-oez],  sh,  pi.  same  as  Orannowa,  q.  v. — Shrews- 
BTTRY ;  PtJLYERBATCH.  *  I  canna  get  the  grinnow  out  if  I  rub  the 
piece  out,  they'n  bin  biled  in  so  many  times.' 

6KIF  [gr'ip*],  *^-  a  very  small  water-channel  cut  in  the  ground  for 
the  purpose  of  letting  the  rain  run  off. — Church  Stretton,  Longnor, 

*  pan  bir^e  men  casten  hem  in  poles, 
.  Or  in  a  grip,  or  in  )>e  feu.' 

Havelok  the  Dane,  1.  2102. 

*  Oryppe,  or  a  gryppel,  where  watur  rennythe  a- way  in  a  londe, 
or  watur  forowe.  Araiiunculat  agtiagium,  aquarium.  **  Aratiuncuioj 
foasa  parva  que  inetar  sulci  aratur. — Cath.  The  term  grype  occurs  in 
an  award,  dated  1424,  relating  to  the  bounds  of  lands  of  the  Prior  of 
Bodmin,  as  follows :  **  the  bounde  that  comyth  thurgh  the  doune — 
goyng  don  to  another  stone  stondynge  of  olde  tyme  in  the  bank  of  a 
grypty — and  so  the  diche  (called  Kenediche)  and  the  gripe,  &c." — 
Mon.  Ang.,  new  ed.  from  Harl.  Cart.,  57  A.  36. 

'  In  Norfolk,  Forby  states  that  a  trench,  not  amounting  to  a  ditch, 


OLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  187 

is  called  a  grup ;  if  narrover  still,  a  grip ;  and  if  extremely  narrowy 
a  grijmle.' — Prompt.  Parv.  and  Notes, 

'  O.Du.  grippe  {stUciui),  grip ;  trench ;  ditch.' — Stbat. 


OSIBE!I]Ef  [gr'is'kinj,  sh.  a  lean  piece  out  of  the  loin  of  a  bacon-pig, 
lying  between  the  ham  and  the  flitch. — Bishop's  Castle  ;  Clun. 

'  In  Salop  the  old  Scandinavian  gris  (the  Sanscrit  griahtt)  is  used 
[1220]  instead  of  pig  ;  hence  our  griskin :  some  curious  English  rimes 
in  the  Lanercost  Chronicle  turn  on  the  former  word.* — Sources  of 
Standard  English^  p.  123. 

The  following  are  the  rimes  referred  to  by  Mr.  Oliphant  in  the 
passage  quoted  above : — 

•  Willy  GHs,  Waiy  Grit, 
Think  quhat  thou  was,  and  quhat  thou  is.' 

Mr.  Wright  alludes  to  the  same  rimes  in  his  Glossary  to  Piers  PI, 
when  explaining  the  word  *gry8,^  which  occurs  about  three  times 
throughout  that  work. 

*  Oryce,  swyne  or  pygge.     PorceUus,  ne/rendisJ — Prompt.  Parv. 
See  Oris  in  Jamieson. 

OBIST  [gr'ei'st],  sb.  the  quantity  of  com  ground  at  once,  usually  a 
bag,  i.e.  three  bushels. — Clttk.  'Tell  the  milner  to  fetch  the  grist 
to-daay,  an'  saay  I  shall  want  the  batch  i'  the  momin'.' 

'  And  moreouer,  that  all  Dowers  of  the  Cite  and  suburbis  of  the 
same,  grynd  att  the  Cite  is  myllis,  and  noo  where  els,  as  long  as  they 
may  have  sufRciaunt  grist,  vppon  such  paynis  as  of  old  be  ordned  and 
provided  3m  that  be-halfe.' — *  Ordinance  of  the  **  Gild  of  the  Bakers." 
£xeter,  temp.  22  Edw.  IV.  to  1  Richard  lU.,'  in  English  Oilds,  their 
Statutes  and  Customs,  E.  E.  T.  S. 

*  All  bring  grist  to  your  mill.' — ^Bay's  Proverbs,  p.  194. 

Jamieson  gives,  '  Orist,  fee  paid  at  a  mill  for  grinding.' 
A.S.  grist,  a  grinding.    Cf.  Batch  (2). 

6B0AT8  [gr'aa*t8],  sb.  pt.  dregs  or  grounds  of  oatmeaL — Newport. 
A.S.  griH,  coarse  meal. 

OBOBD  [gr'ond*],  pret  and  part,  past,  ground.  —  Shrewsbury; 
PuLYERBATCH.  *  The  Waggoner  said  'e  couldna  sleep  fur  that  lad — 
'e  grond  'is  tith  all  night  as  if  *e'd  bin  gnawin'  a  w'et-stwun.' 

'A  few  verbs  have  ou,  which  has  arisen  out  of  an  o  or  00,  as 
ground  =  grond  {groond)  =  [O.E.  pret.^  grand,*  —  Dr.  Morris's 
laistoriccU  English  Accidence,  p.  161. 

6B0PE  [gr'oap*],  v.  n.  to  catch  trout  with  the  hand<^,  by  feeling  for 
them  in  the  holes  and  sheltered  places  of  a  stream. — Pulyerbatch. 
Qy.  com.  '  I  can  do  no  good  56th  a  net  ketchin'  trout — I  like  to 
grope  fur  'em  best  under  the  stouls  an'  bonks.' 

'  Look  what  ther  is,  put  in  thyn  hand  and  grope, 
Thow  fynde  shalt  ther  siluer,  as  I  hope.' 

Chaucer,  G.  1236  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

*  Gropyn  or  felyn  wythe  hande.     Palpo,* — Prompt,  Parv, 
A. 8.  grdpian,  to  lay  hold  of. 


188  SHROPSHIRE  WOED-BOOK. 

OBOTTHD  [gr^ou'nd  and  gi^ou'n],  sh,  farm-land,  or  some  portion  of 
it :  '  gwun  round  the  ground '  =:  gone  round  the  fiirm ;  *  the  nyrer 
groun '  =  the  upper  or  higher  part  of  a  farm. — Pulybabatgh.  Qy. 
com.  *  It's  a  rar^farm  that's  no  bad  ground*  is  a  proverbial  sayiiij^ 
analogous  to  '  It's  a  fair  flock  that  has  no  black  sheep,'  and  ia 
similarly  applied. 

OBOTTTS,  OBOUTiJiS  [gr'ou-tsj,  Pdlvbrbatch.  [gi'ou-tini],  Wnc, 
$b.  pi,  settlings  of  beer ;  the  thick  sediment  deposited  by  the  *  drink' 
at  the  bottom  of  the  cooler,  or  otherwise  in  the  barrels.  '  Sally,  ban 
yo'  bin  stoupin'  the  barrel  ?  Look  at  this  diink,  all  fiill  o'  grotdt^ 
on'y  fit  fur  the  wesh-tub.' 

*  N.  grut,  dregs ;  grtUen^  grouty ;  muddy.' — ^Wedo.    G£  Crap. 

OBOWJSD  [gr'ou'd],  (1)  part.  adj.  stuck  to  the  pan  in  boiling:  said 
of  milk,  &o. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulvbebatch  ;  Clun.  '  Wy,  Bessy, 
this  suppin's  bwiled  till  it's  aU  gr<nved  to  the  pot — ^whad  says  owd 
Nancy  Andrus  o'  Churton  Green  r — 

"  It's  saut,  sour,  an'  sutty. 
Thick,  growed,  an'  lumpy, 
Like  the  Devil's  porritch."' 

Lancelot,  in  the  Merchant  of  Venice  (IL  iL  18),  uses  the  expresaon 
grow  tOt  and  the  following  note  upon  it  is  found  in  the  edition  of  the 
Clarendon  Press  Series  {Select  Playe),  '  Orow-tOy  a  household  phrase 
applied  to  milk  when  burnt  to  the  bottom  of  the  sauoejMin,  and  thenoe 
acquiring  an  unpleasant  taste.  "  Ghrown  "  in  this  sense  is  still  used  in 
Lincolnshire  (Brooden's  Did.  o/Frov.  Word$,  &c.).'  Of.  Bishopped 
(2),  also  Orewed  (1). 

(2)  part.  adj.  ingrained  with  dirt — a  term  chiefly  applied  to  the 
akm. — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch.  'That  poor  child^s  never *afe 
weshed— the  dirf  s  reg'lar  growed  in  tell  yo'  mefn  sow  sids  i'  the 
ridges  on  'er  neck.'    Cf.  Orewed  (2).    See  Orime. 

OBOZIEB  [gT'oazh-yur*],  «6.,  var.  pr.,  obsols.^  a  grocer. — Shrews- 
bury; Pulverbatch.  *  Whad  grozier  dun  yo'  dale  66th ?'  'Well, 
I  al'ays  g66  to  Bromley's — ^yo'  sin  one  knows  the  fiAmily.'    See  -ier. 

OBITBBT  [gr'ub-i'l,  (^dj.  small;  poor;  stunted.  —  Shrewsbubt; 
Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  'The  cabbitch  bin  poor  ^md^-lookin' 
things  this  time.' 

OBVHFT  [gr'ttm-pi*],  adj.  peevish;  testy;  ill-tempered. — Shrews- 
bury; Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  * "  Grumpy,"  whad  els  yo'  to-day  ? 
Yo*  bin  as  grumpy  as  yo'  knowen  'ow  to  be — if  I  canna  plase  yo  I 
shall  jest  gie  yo' lave  to  plase  yoreself.' 

OXTDOEOVS  [guj'unis],  (1)  *d.  pi.  the  iron  pivots  in  the  wooden  axle 
of  a  wheel-barrow. — ^Pulverbatch  ;  Ludlow.  *  Tell  the  smith  to 
mak'  a  par  o*  gudgeona  fur  the  wilbarrow.' 

'  The  gudgions  of  the  spindle  of  a  wheele.'— ^om«ne2aior,  in  Wb. 

(2)  $b.  pi.  the  pinions  on  which  a  windlass  turns.     Com.    IC.  T. 
OULCH  [gul'sh],  r.  a.  to  swallow  greedily  with  a  sucking  noise.— 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC   189 

FuLTBBBATGH.  Qy.  com.  '  Jim  TunkisB  id  no  better  than  a  wench 
at  *arToo8t-work,  but  *e  can  gtUch  the  drink  out  o*  the  bottle  as  well 
as  e'er  a  chap  i'  the  fild.' 

'  Du.  gtillm,  to  swallow  greedily;  suck  down/  in  Wedq, 

G£  GKittle,  also  Iioaoh  (1). 

6TJLL  [gul*],  eb,  an  unfledged  gosling. — Clun  ;  Clbb  Hills. 

'  And  Terily  't  would  yex  one  to  see  them,  who  design  to  draw 
disciples  after  them,  to  lead  a  crew  of  gtUh  into  no  small  puddles  by 
having  obtained  the  repute  of  being  no  meanly  understanding  ganders/ 
— ^Trenokfield  (A.D.  1671),  Cap  of  Grey  Hairs,  p.  8. 

Mr.  Wedgwood  says  gtdl  simply  means  an  '  unfledged  bird.'  So 
Shakespeare  has  it : — 

'  And  being  fed  by  us  you  used  us  so 
As  that  ungentle  giUl^  the  cuckoo's  bird, 
Useth  the  sparrow.    .    •    .    .' 

1  King  Henry  IV.,  V.  I  60. 

See  also  the  '  naked  guU '  in  Timon  of  Athens,  IL  L  31.  Cf .  the 
Celtic:  —  W.  gwylan;  Cornish,  gtdlan;  Bret,  gwelan,  a  sea-gull. 
Hence,  perhaps,  guUf  an  appellation  given  to  other  birds.  C£  Gimy, 
below. 

01TLLET  [gul-it],  (1)  sb,  a  parcel  or  portion,  as  of  a  field. — Ludlow. 
"E*s  a  good  ^J^  o' that  side  the  fild.' 

'  And  the  residewe  beinge  xx.  li  lyeth  in  sundrye  gtUlettes  in  severall 
townes  and  shers.' — Ludlow  Muniments,  temp,  Edw.  VI.,  in  Wb. 

(2)  sh.  a  long,  narrow  piece  of  land.— Wellington.  *I*ve  bin 
down  the  gullet  gettin'  rawnies.'    Cf.  Slang.  ' 

(3)  sh.  a  passage  opening  out  of  a  street — a  'cul-de-sac,'  not  a 
thoroughfare. — Shrewsbuby.  *  I  say,  w'eer  does  that  66man  live  as 
maden  yore  gownd  ? '  *  W'y,  'er  lives  up  that  gullet  by  Hughes  the 
painter's  shop,  o'  yore  left-hand  side  as  yo'  gwun  up  the  Cop. 

'  Fr.  gcvlet,  a  narrow  entrance  to  a  harbour ;  O.Fr.  gcule  for  gueuU/ 
—Pick.    Cf.  Shut  (2). 

OXJLLT,  same  as  Gull,  above.     Com. 

OXTMPT  [gum-pi'l,  adj.  lumpy;  uneven. — Pulvkrbatch.  'This 
o611en  yom's  mighty  gumpy — ^it'll  mak*  a  rough  stockin'.'    Ct  Qobby. 

OXnr  [gn^n*],  «&.,  obsol^.  a  broad-cast  turnip-sower  of  a  peculiar 
description.  It  is  a  hollow  tin  cylinder  about  ten  feet  long[,  divided 
into  compartments,  each  of  which  has  apertures  furnished  with  slides 
to  open  or  close  at  pleasure— the  ^per  one  iis  for  admitting  the  seed, 
the  lower  one  for  letting  it  out.  Tne  slide  by  which  the  seed  is  dis- 
tributed is  perforated  with  holes  of  various  sizes  for  the  purpose  of 
regulating  the  quantity  of  seed  to  be  sown.  The  gun  is  held  by  two 
handles,  and  the  man  who  uses  it  carries  it  before  him  in  a  horizontal 
position,  shaking  it  as  he  goes  along. — Clee  Hills. 

OTTKOE0H8  [gur^-junz],  sh.  pi.  coarse  refuse  from  flour.  Com. 
Ourgeons  are  produced  from  the  inner  skin  of  the  grain.  They 
are  lighter  in  substance  than  *  sharps/  with  which  they  are  often 
confounded,  owing  to  the  respective  terms  being  applied  without 


190  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

discrimination  to  the  different  kinds  of  refuse  meal  obtained  from  Uie 
processes  of  *  dressing'  the  flour. 

Cf.  'Fr.  escourgeon,  a  kind  of  base  and  degenerate  wheat,  whick 
being  ground  yields  very  white,  but  very  light,  and  little  nourishing 
meaL* — Howell's  Dictionary,  ed.  1673. 

*O.Fr.  tscourchier,  escorce;  de  cortex.* — BuR. 

'  Cortexy  a  rinde  or  bark ;  a  shell  or  pill.' — Diet.  Etym.  LcU, 

See  Sharps. 

OXJTH  [guth],  sb,,  var.pr.  a  girth. — ^Newport  ;  Elleshbrs. 

OTJTTES  [gut-ur*],  (!)  sb,  a  narrow  (natural)  water-course,  generallj 
flowing  into  a  brook — ^Grub's  Gutter  ;  Hope  Gutter ^  &c. — Clun. 

(2J  eh.  The  fissures  or  rifts  in  the  Longmynd  (Stretton  VaUey  side) 
are  locally  known  as  gutters. — CHURCn  Stretton.  Whatever  their 
producing  cause  may  nave  been — geologists  differ  as  to  that — these 
gutters  now  serve  as  channels  for  the  mountain  streamlets,  which, 
issuing  from  spring  or  bog,  flow  down  them — ^almost  invariably  from, 
their  summits — to  the  vaUejr  below. 

O.F.  gutiere.    *  Fr.  gouttiere,  a  channel  or  gutter.' — ^Wedo, 

(3)  [guot-ur'].    See  Drain. 

OITTTLE  [gut-1],  V.  a.  to  drink  greedily. — Wek.  Qy.  com.  *Them 
chaps  binna  fur  work,  all  they  wanton's  to  guttU  the  drink  down  thar 
throttles.'    See  GtOtle,  in  Wedg.    Of  GhUch. 

OTLANB  [gei'land],  sb,  a  sloping  piece  of  land;  a  high  bank. — 
Oswestry,  Welsh  Border,  W.  ceuJarif  a  hollow  bank ;  Y-gevlan,  a 
sloping  bank. 


H.  The  remarks  on  the  omission  of  this  letter  as  an  aspirate,  in 
Ghrammar  Outlines,  p.  zxxviii.,  may  be  aptly  illustrated  by  the 
word  house  as  spelt  in  an  inscription  in  the  entrance  hail  of  the  old 
half-timbered  dwelling-place  in  Bridgnorth,  which  was  built  by 
Bichard  Forster,  A.D.  1580,  and  in  which  Bp.  Percy  was  bom,  A.D. 
1729.    The  inscription  runs  thus : — 

EXCEPT  •  TIE  •  LORD  •  BVILD  •  THE 
O  WSE  TIE    LAB  OVRERS- THERE    OF- 
EVAIL  •  NOT  •  ERECTED  BY  R  •  FOR  • 

*    1580 

The  quaint  use  of  the  symbol  *■  to  represent  the  last  syllable  of 
For«^  is  very  curious,  and  probably  exemplifies  the  local  pronun- 
ciation of  star  at  that  period.  Something  very  like  it  obtains  m  many 
parts  of  Shropshire  at  this  day. 

HACK  [ak*],  (1)  v.  a.  to  chop ;  to  mince.  Com.  'Now,  *adc  them 
garrits,  an'  get  the  bif  an'  bacon  up  fiir  the  men's  dinner.' 

'  And  leet  comaunde  anon  to  hakke  and  hewe 
The  okes  olde,  and  leye  hem  on  a  rewe 
In  oulpous  wel  arrayed  for  to  brenne.' 

CHAtrosR,  The  Knightes  Tale,  L  2007,  ed.  Morris. 

O.Du.  Juteken,  to  chop ;  to  cut 


OLOSSART  OF  AHCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC   191 

(2)  eh.^  obsoh,  the  heart,  liTer,  and  lights  of  a  pig»  undivided. — 
— Ellesmeee,  Wd%hampton, 

^  Hack^  the  Lights,   Liver,   and  Heart  altogether.* — Academy  of 
Armnry^  Bk.  11.  di.  is.  p.  181. 
Ct'.  Haslet. 

(3)  sb,  a  small  pick  used  in  getting  coal. — Colliery  ;  M.  T.  Ash 
has  this,  which  he  calls  '  a  local  word ; '  and  Bailej— ed.  1782 — says 
it  is  *  North  Country.'    Cf.  Kaundrel. 

EACK-AVE,  8h.  the  handle  of  a  '  hack.'— J&t'tf.     See  Auve. 

HACKEE,  ah,  a  short,  strong,  slightly  curved  implement  of  a  peculiar 
kind,  for  chopping  off  the  branches  of  fallen  trees,  &c. — Clee  Hills  ; 
Ludlow,  Cleooury  Mortimer  (Forest  of  Wyre).     Cf.  Brummock. 

*  Axe,  hacker,  mittins,  and  other  small  tools.' — Auctioneer' $  Catalogue 
(Stoddesden),  1870. 

HACBXE  [ak'l],  (1)  sb.  a  cone-shaped  covering  of  straw  placed  over 
bee-hives  to  protect  them  from  wet  and  cold. — PuLVERBATCH ;  Clxjw  ; 
Newport. 

Compare  *  Heyke,  garment.  Lacerna*  with  Way's  note  in  Prompt, 
Parv.,  p.  232.  Also,  'AS.  hacele;  Goth,  hakult;  O.Icel.  hdhdl; 
O.H.Germ.  hachul,  hackle,  garments,'  in  Strat. 

f  2)  V,  a.  to  cover  the  hives  with  '  hackles.' — Ibid,  *  It's  gettin'  time 
to  ackU  an'  dicket  the  bees — theer'll  be  a  snow  afore  lung.' 

(3)  V.  a,  to  cover  out-standing  com,  by  placing  inverted  sheaves 
over  the  *  mow '  in  such  a  manner  that  the  straw  spreads  out,  and 
forms  a  weather- thatch  to  throw  off  wet. — /Wd  *  I  spect  the  glass 
is  gwein  down,  fur  they'n  begun  to  ^ackle  the  com  i'  the  lung  leasow, 
an  I  see  the  Maister  busy  among  'em.'    Cf.  Hattock. 

HACKLIHO-SHEAVES,  ab,  pi.  the  sheaves  turned  down  over  the 
*  mow.'—Ibid,    Cf.  Hattooks. 

EACKHET  [ak'ni'J,  sb.  a  saddle-horse — an  easy-paced,  ambling  nag. 
— Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  *WhadI  han'ee  got  two  ^cuJcneyaf* 
'  Aye,  that's  a  spon  new  un  fur  the  Missis — the  jockey's  comin'  to 
break  it  nex'  wik.' 

'  Er  we  had  riden  fullv  fyue  myle. 
At  Boughton  vnder  Blee  vs  gan  atake 
A  man,  that  dothed  was  in  clothes  blake, 


His  hakeney,  that  was  al  pomely  grys. 
So  swatte,  that  it  wonder  was  to  see ; 
It  semed  he  had  priked  myles  three.' 

Chauger,  Or,  5d9  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

'  Svne  to  thi  tennandis  &  to  thi  wawafouris 
If  effy  haknaya,  palfrais,  and  curfouris.' 

Lancelot  of  the  Laik,  1.  1730. 

'  Hakeney  horse.    Bc^'uIub,  equiferue,' — Prompt.  Parv. 
O.Fr.  haoqumSe, 

HADDEH.    See  Grammar  Outlines,  verb  Have. 


192  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

*  A  tit  H^nne  told  ecbe  til  o^  *  here  tenee  &  hem  sorwe, 
|»at  saidly  for  oilmen  sake  *  hodden  suffred  long.* 

Wiib'am  of  FaUme,  L  1014. 

EADVA.    See  Onmmar  Outlinoi,  verb  Haye. 

'  Sym,  I  wad  na  baulk  m  v  Mend  his  blithe  design, 
Gif  that  it  hadna  first  of  a'  been  mine.' 

Allan  Bamsat,  The  QenUe  Shepherd^  IL  L  p.  25. 

HAO  [ag']>  (1)  *b,  a  plantation;  a  coppice;  or  part  of  a  wood 
enclosed  for  any  special  purpose. — ^Wellinoton. 

'  This  said  he  led  me  over  holts  and  hags^ 
Through  thorns  and  buRhes  scant  my  legs  I  drew.^ 

Fairfax'  (a.d.  1600)  Tasw,  Tiii.  41,  in  ItiTares. 

There  is  a  &nn  called  the  Hag  a  few  miles  south  of  Bridgnorth,  in 
the  parish  of  EUghley,  and  not  far  from  the  Forest  of  Wyre. 

Mr.  Halliwell  says,  *  The  park  at  Auckland  Castle  was  formerly 
called  the  Hag.' 

'A.S.  fiaga;  O.Du.  hage  {haghe);  O.IceL  hagiy  locus  sepe  circom- 
datus.'— Strat.    Cf.  Hay. 

(2)  9b.  an  allotment  of  timber  for  felling. — Glee  Hills;  Ludlow; 
Bridonobth. 

When  a  wood  is  to  be  cut  down  and  a  number  of  men  are  engaged 
to  do  it,  they  conduct  the  operation  on  this  wise : — ^they  range  Uiem- 
selves  at  the  edge  of  the  wood  at  about  forty  yards  apart,  men  they 
start,  proceeding  in  straight  lines  through  the  wood,  hewing  down 
the  underwood,  and  hacking  the  outer  h&Tk  of  the  trees  wiSi  their 

*  hackers'  as  they  go  along;  shouting  to  each  other  in  the  mean 
while,  in  order  to  keep  their  respective  distances,  tUl  they  reach  the 
farther  limit  The  lines  thus  cleared  form  the  boundaries  of  the 
hag  apportioned  to  e%ch  man  to  felL 

A  hne  of  demarcation  of  this  kind  is  called  by  the  wood-cutters  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Cleobury  Mortimer  a  '  MtM,* — ^they  make  a 
bliss ^  and  in  doing  it '  braae' — as  their  term  is— the  outer  bark  of  the 
trees,  t.  e.  cut  and  slash  it :  in  using  this  expression  bra^e  they  presenre 
an  old  word,  meaning — according  to  Mr.  Halliwell — '  to  make  ready ; 
to  prepare,*  in  its  eany  sense,  applying  it  as  they  do,  to  their  work  of 
preparation  for  the  ha^.    See  Hagvoays,  N.  and  Q.  [dth  S.  zi.  257.] 

(3)  sb.  work  taken  by  contract;  a  job  of  work- — Pulvkrbatch; 
Worthen;    Ellesmere.      *Whad!   bin'ee  road-makin\  James  }|* 

*  No,  Tm  on*y  doin'  a  bit  of  a  ^ag  tax  owd  Tummad — 'e*8  gwun  to  Hs 
club  to-day.* 

H AOOIS  [ag'is],  sh.  Not  the  '  Great  chieftain  o'  the  puddin'-race,* 
the  Scotch  *  Haggis,*  immortalized  by  Bums,  but  the  smaller  entrails 
of  a  calf;  what  the  '  chitterlings'  are  in  a  pig. — Clun. 

*  Omasus,  %.  tripa  vd  ventrictUus  gut  continet  alia  viscera,  a  trype,  or  a 
podynge,  or  a  wesaunt,  or  hagges,  in  Way. 

EAG^IT  r&g'i't],  part,  adj,^  var.  pr.  harassed ;  careworn ;  emaciated ; 

*  haffged. —PuLVERBATCH.  *  Poor  Nancy  Poppet  looks  despert  *a^»^i 
as  if  er  worked  *ard  an'  far*d  'ard.' 

Ash  has  '  Hanged,  tormented ;  harassed.'    See  Hag,  in  Wedo. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   193 

HAOOLETag'l],  (1)  tr.  a.  to  cut  and  carve  in  notches. — Shrewsburt  ; 
Wek  ;  EiiLESBCEBB.  Qy.  com.  *  Donna  70'  ^ aggie  the  mate  i'  that 
way — ^I  conna  bar  to  see  it.' 

<  Suffolk  first  died :  and  York,  all  Tiaggled  oyer, 

Comes  to  him, .' 

K.  Henry  F.,  IV.  vi  11. 

'  The  manner  of  carving  is  not  only  a  very  necessary  branch  of 
information,  to  enable  a  lady  to  do  the  honours  of  her  table,  but 
makes  a  considerable  difference  in  the  consumption  of  a  family.  .  .  . 
.  .  Some  people  haggle  meat  so  much  as  not  to  be  able  to  help  half  a 
dozen  persons  decently  from  a  large  tongue,  or  a  sirloin  of  beef ;  and 
the  dian  goes  away  with  the  appearance  of  haying  been  gnawed  by 
dogs.'— i)ame«<tc  Cookery,  p.  yi.  ed.  1812—1816  (?). 

•  Sw.  dialect,  hagga,  to  hew.'— Wkdo.    C£L  Kag  (3). 

(2)  V.  n.  to  dispute;  to  bicker. — Shbewsbuby;  Pulterbatoh; 
Wem.  Qy.  com.  •  Who  said  it  66nna  P — ^yo'  wanten  to  *aggle,  dun'ee — 
yo'  bin  al^ys  ready  for  cross-pladin*.' 

*  Pris.  hagghen,  rixari. — ^EdHan,'  in  Wedo, 

^RixoTy  to  braule,  to  scould,  to  striye  and  quarreL' — Did,  Eiym, 
LaL    Of.  Argy(l). 

(3)  V,  n.  to  driye  a  hard  bargain ;  to  be  tedious  in  coming  to  an 
agreement  about  price.  Qy.  com.  '  'E's  a  rar*  chap  to  driye  a  l^gain, 
Vd  *aggle  a  nour  fur  sixpence.'    Gf.  Higgle. 

HAIFER  [ai'fui'],  sb,,  var.  pr,  a  heifer. — CoRya  Dale  ;  Clbb  Hilui. 
'  Hayfare'  is  giyen  as  the  gloss  of  *juvenca^  in  a  Metrical  Vocabulary ^ 
perhaps  xiy.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  yoL  L  p.  177. 

See  *  Hekfere,  Juvervea^  with  Way's  note  in  Prompt.  Farv.,  p.  234. 

A.S.  Jiedh/ore,  a  heifer. 

HAIHOW  [ai'oul,  sb.  Oecinus  viridiSy  the  Green  Woodpecker. — 
BRiDaNORTH,  CfndmarBh,  'Pimard,  a  heighaw,  or  woodpecker.' — 
GoTORAyE's  French  Dictionary.    See  Scall. 

HAISY-TAILOB)  sb.  the  caterpillar  of  Arctia  caja,  the  Tiger-moth. 
Clxtn,  Twitchen.    Ct  Tommy-Tailor. 

HALF-SOAKED,  part.  adj.  said  of  persons  of  feeble  mind  or  of  silly 
expression. — Shrewsbury  ;  Whitchuroh.  *  That  chap  looks  as  if 
'e  wuz  on'y  ^a/e-soaked.*    Q£.  Finished. 

HALF-STKAIHED,  part.  adj.  simple ;  sUly ;  half-witted.  Qy.  com. 
*  Well,  I  think  the  Maister  wuz  to  blame  to  trust  a  *<ife-$trained  auif 
like  'im,  55th  a  sperited  'orse — ^'e  met  a  bin  sure  'e'd  spile  it.' 

HALLAHTID  [al-ontid],  sb.,  obsoU.  the  time  of  the  '  Festiyal  of  All- 
Saints.' — ^PuLYERBATCH.    C£  Alhalontid. 

HALTEE  [aut-ur^,  Com.  [ou-tur^],  Ludlow,  sb.  It  is  commonly 
said  of  a  person  m  impotent  rage  that  he  is  '  as  mad  as  a  tup  in  a 
^auier* 

HAMES  [ai-mz],  sb.  pi.  the  two  crooked  pieces  of  wood  which 
encompass  a  horse-coUar,  and  to  which  the  traces  are  attached. — 
Pttlyerbatch  ;  Newport.    Qy.  com. 

0 


194  SUKOPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  Les  oous  de  chiyaus  portunt  eeteles,'*  with  *  hames  *  aa  the  glon  of 
« esteleSf*  occurs  in  The  Trtaii^e  of  Walter  de  BibUiworth,  xiii.  cent,  in 
Wr.  Tocabs.,  vol.  L  p.  168. 

*  Atielle,  tenne  de  Bourrelier,  espece  de  planche  chantournee  qu*on 
attache  au  deyaut  des  colliers  des  cheyaux  de  charrettes.  The  kaum.* 
— Chakb. 

•Du.  haam;  hame;  horse-collar.' — Strat.    Ct  Homes. 

HAH.    See  Oramnukr  Oatlines,  verb  Have. 

'  &  gode  sire,  for  godes  loue  *  also  grete\f  wel  oft 
alle  my  freyliche  felawes  '  )>at  to  l^is  forest  longes, 
han  pertilyche  in  many  plaoes  '  pleide  wi>  ofte.' 

WUliam  of  PdUme,  L  861. 

*  For  al  ys  good  that  hath  good  ende, 
When  je  han  mended  30  han  do  mys. 

This  ys  no  nay.* 

JoHiT  Audelat's  Poem*,  p.  64. 

*  "  They  Jkan,"  which  you  may  read  in  Chaucer,  and  hear  in  York- 
shire and  Derbyshire,  is  a  contraction,  hav-en,* — Peqoe's  ^uodotei 
of  the  English  Language,  p.  202,  ed.  1814. 

A.S.  habban,  to  have. 

HAITB-BSEASTH.    See  Weight!  and  Keasnres,  p.  xciii. 

*  Hand^breadth  (Ex.  xxy.  25),  a  measure  of  length  now  rarely  used; 
a  palm.  Horses  are  still  measured  by  hand*.  Compare  Ezek.  zl.  43.' 
— Bible  Word-Book, 

*  Others  haye  thought,  that  it  fthe  grape  of  Amomum]  commeth 
from  a  shrubbe  like  >fyrtle,  &  caneth  not  aboue  a  hand-bredth,  or  4 
inches  in  height.' — Holland's  Pliny,  zii  13,  in  ibid. 

*  She's  bow-hough'd,  she's  hein  shinn'd, 
Ae  limpin*  leg  a  hand-breed  shorter ; 
She's  twisted  n^ht,  she's  twisted  left. 
To  balance  fair  in  ilka  quarter. 


Sic  a  wife  as  Willie  had, 

I  wad  na  gie  a  button  for  her.' 

AOBERT  BuKNS,  Poenu,  p.  207,  L  14,  c  2. 

* Hande  Brede.     Palmt^* — Prompt,  Parv. 
A.S.  hand'brdd,  a  hand's  breadth. 

HANDXEBOHEB  [ang'kur^chur'],  sb,  a  handkerchief.     Qy.  com. 

'  Oliver if  you  will  know  of  me 

What  man  I  am,  and  how,  and  why,  and  where 
This  handkereher  was  stained.' 

Aa  Tou  Like  It,  IV.  iii  97. 

'  Handcloth  (Sax.  h4>ndclath)  was  the  old  and  more  proper  word  for 
that  which  we  now  call  a  Handkereher* — BLOinrr,  GloMographia, 
p.  298. 

See  *Kerche,*  with  Way's  note,  in  Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  272. 

Cf.  Haashaker. 

HAJTDLASS,  $b.  a  windlass.     Coixl— M.  T. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   195 

HAHDT-PAITBY.     See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &c.,  *  Games.' 

HAHOMAN'S-WAOES,  sb,  pi,  sUmonej  paid  before-haud  for  work. 
Shbewsbury.    See  Hal. 

HAHSEL  [an'sl],  (I)  sb.  the  first  money  received  in  the  day  on  the 
sale  of  goods. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  *  Bless  yo', 
Missis,  tak'  summat  off  me  jest  fur  'ansel ;  I've  carried  my  basket  all 
momin'  an'  never  soud  a  crock.  Thank  yo\  Missis,  I'll  spit  on  this, 
an'  *ope  ifU  be  lucky.' 

'  And,  fiercely  drawing  forth  his  blade,  doth  sweare 
That  who  so  hardie  hand  on  her  doth  lay,  • 
It  dearely  shall  aby,  and  death  for  handadl  p^.' 

Spenser,  F,  <?.,  Bk.  Vi.  c.  xi.  st.  xv. 

'  It  is  a  common  practice  among  the  lower  class  of  hucksters,  pedlars, 
or  dealers  in  fruit  or  fish,  on  receiving  the  price  of  the  first  goods  sold 
that  day,  which  they  call  luinsel,  to  spit  on  the  money,  as  they  term 
it,  for  good  luck.' — Grose,  Popular  Superstitions, 

'  Hansel  (from  the  Brittish  honsel) ;  he  that  bestows  the  first  money 
with  a  Traaesman,  in  the  morning  of  a  Fair  or  Market,  is  said  to  give 
him  Handsel,  quasi  Handsale,^ — Blount's  Qlossographiay  p.  298. 

* "  Hansale,  Strena" — Oath.  **  Strena  est  bona  sors,  Anglice  han- 
selL" — Ortus.  **  Hansell,  estrayne.  1  hansell  one,  I  gyue  hun  money 
in  a  mornyng  for  suche  wares  as  he  seUeth,  ie  estrene" — Palso.* 
Prompt,  Parv,  and  Notes, 

'  O.IceL  handsale  handsel  (hansel).' — Strat. 

A.S.  hand^sylen,  a  gi^g  into  the  hands.     Gf.  Amess. 

(2)  V,  a,  to  try,  or  use,  a  thin^  for  the  first  time. — Pulverbatch. 
Qy.  com.  '  I  never  sid  sich  a  time  fur  wet ;  I  thought  to  *ansel  my 
new  bonnet  o'  Wissun-Sunday,  but  it  rayned  all  day  lung — ^if  11  get 
owd  a-lyin*  by.' 

' and  Bose  |>e  dissheres, 

Godfrey  of  garlekehithe  *  and  gryfin  >e  walshe. 
And  vpholderes  an  hepe  '  erly  oi  \fe  morwe 
Gheuen  glotoun  with  glad  chore  *  good  ale  to  hansel.' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  v.  1.  326. 

•**.  .  .  To  hanselle,  strenare,  arrare.'* — Oath.  Ano.  **  EstreinS, 
handselled,  that  hath  the  handsell  or  first  use  of." — Goto.'    See  Way. 

BUUfSHAKEB  [an'shukur*],  sb,,  var,  pr.  a  handkerchief. — Wel- 
lington.   Gf.  Handkercher. 

HAITTLE  j^an'tl],  sb,  a  handful.  Qy.  com.  '  lUl  scaud  a  ^antle  o* 
'ops  an'  bmd  it  to  the  mar^s  leg — it'll  bring  the  swellin'  down.' 

Hantle,  in  Southern  Scotch,  means  a  good  many,  a  considerable 
number  or  quantity ;  and  Dr.  Murray  says,  *  the  word  seems  to  be 
hand'tal,  a  hand-tale  or  number.' — Dialect  of  the  Southern  Counties  of 
Scotland,  p.  178. 

See  Qrammar  Outlines  {nouns  compounded  with  *ful '),  p.  xliii 

HAPPEV  [ap-n],  adv.  perhaps ;  probably. — Collibrt.  '  'Appen  1 
shall  be  theer.' 

Q  2 


1%  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

*  *'  Now  faire  words  makes  fooles  faine ; 

&  that  may  be  seene  by  thy  Master  &  thee ; 
ffor  you  may  happen  think  itt  soone  enoughe 
when-euer  you  that  shooting  see."' 

North umherland  betrayed  by  Dowglas^  1. 181.    Percy , 
Folio  Jii8,y  vol.  ii.  p.  224,  ed.  Hales  and  FumiyaU. 

Poggo  giT^t  *  Happen  and  Haply,  perhaps.  Happen  I  may  go. 
Derb.'    Cf.  Kayhappen.    See  Behappen. 

HABDEN  [aaT'dnl  v.  cu^pec.  to  air  clothes — damp  from  the  washing. 
— Clun,  Merefd.  Border,  •  Mind  as  yo'  ^orcfn  them  things  afore  yo* 
putten  'em  away.'    A.S.  heardian^  to  harden. 

EAKD-TEDS  [aa*r'd  yedz],  sh,  pi.  the  hard,  globose  heads  of 
CentaurM-nigra,  black  Knapweed. — ^Wellinoton. 

EABIFFE  [ae*r'if],  sb,  Galium  Aparlney  Goose^rass  or  Cleavers. 
Ck)m. 

*Hec  uticdla,  haryflPe,'  occurs  in  a  Nominale,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr. 
Tocabs.,  YoL  i.  p.  226.  Mr.  Wright  has  the  following  note  upon  it  :— 
*  In  Gloucestershire  the  name  hairiff  is  ^ven  to  the  plant  called  more 
usually  ffoose-grass  or  cleavers;  .  .  .  m  the  north  it  is  applied  to 
catohweed.'    S^  *  Hayryf^  in  Prompt.  Parv.,  with  Way's  note. 

HABHISH  [aa-r'nishl,  (1)  sb.  horso-trappings ;  harness. — ^Pulvbr- 
batch;  Ludlow;  Wem.  'The  *amiah  mus'  be  brought  i*  the 
kitcheD,  it's  gettin*  quite  mouldy.'    See  below. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  put  the  harness  on  horses. — Ibid.  *  Tell  Jack  to  'amuh 
the  mar';  I  want  to  gdd  as  &re  as  the  Beas-leech,  for  that  cow's 
despert  bad.' 

John  Audelay  uses  this  form  in  the  sense  of  to  garnish  or  decorate  :— 

' he  is  a  gentylmon  and  jolyl^  arayd, 

His  gurdlis  hame^hit  with  silver,  his  baalard  hongus  bye.' 

J^oeiM,  p.  16. 

'  O.Fr.  hamaacher^  hamacher,  gamir,  §quiper Ce  mot  ne 

derive  pas  de  I'allemand  harnuch;  .  .  .  c'est  le  contraire  qu'il  eOt 
MLu  admettre  .  .  .  [c'est]  du  celtique :  kymri  Aatam,  anc.  breton 
hoiam,  irlandais  iaran,  fer.'    See  further,  in  Bxtr. 

HABROOST  [aar'-iiost],  eb.^  var.  pr.  harvest  —  Shrbwsburt; 
PuLYEBBATGH.  '  Back  o^harrihit '  is  aiter  the  harvest.  *  Wen's  yore 
wakes,  Tum ? '     '  Oh,  back  o'  ^arrihst*    Der.  < harroosting.' 

EABBOOST-DBIHK,  eb.  strong,  twelvemonth -old    ale. — Ibid. 
They'n  got  some  o'  the  best  owd  beer  at  GofiTs  o'  Wes'ley  as  ever 
I  tasted.     *Aye,  they  wun  al'ays  noted  fur  good  ^arHhai'^rink.' 
See  Drink. 

HABSOOSTINO,  sb.  the  act  of  getting  in  the  harvest.— /^uf.  « Oar 
Dick's  gwun  56Ui  Jack  Sankey  an'  a  lot  on  *em  down  to^rt  Atchazn 
an'  Emstre^  a-*arrtfo»<tV — yo'  sin  they  bin  yarlier  down  theer ;  the^n 
get  three  wiks  ^arrHost  wages,  an'  be  back  time  enough  far  ours.' 

EABBT-LOirO-LEOS,  tb.  Tipula  gigantea.  Great  Cnme-fly.     Com. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   197 

**Arryf  * ArTy-lung-UgB, 
Couldna  say  'is  prars  ; 
Ketcht  'im  by  the  lef  leg, 
An  throwed  im  down  stars.' 

Children^ 9  Doggerel  Verse. 

HAKSLET  [aar^-sli't],  ohaoUA  same  as  Haslet,  q.  v. — Clee  Hills- 
Mr.  Halliwell  elosses  this  word,  '  A  pig's  chitterlings,'  and  quotes, 
'A  haggise,  a  ditterling,  a  hog's  hariet,* — Nomeiidator,  p.  87. 

In  the  Domestic  Cookery ^  p.  64,  ed.  1812 — 1815  (?),  there  are  directions 
for  dressing  a  Pig's  ffarsl^ : — ' .  .  .  chop  the  liyer^  sweetbreads,  &c., 
.  .  .  when  mixed,  put  all  into  a  cawl,  and  fasten  it  up  ti^ht  with  a 
needle  and  thread.  Boast  it  on  a  hanging  jack,  or  by  a  strm^.*  This 
would  be  a  haggis,  AltematiTe  instructions  are — *  Or  serve  m  slices 
with  parsley  for  9k  fry  J    Cf.  Pry  (2). 

HAKVEST-BEEB,  same  as  Harroost-drink.    Qy.  com. 

HABVEST-OOOSE.     See  Bk.  II.,  FolMore,  <&c.,  'Customs '  {harvest). 

HASAM-JASAM  [ai'zom  jai'zum],  adj.  equal,  as  in  weight,  size,  or 
value. — PuLVEKBATCH.  *  Theor  wuz  fifteen  faggits  i'  one  lot,  an* 
sixteen  i'  the  tother,  an'  I  piit  'em  little  an'  big  together,  to  msH^  'em 
as  ^Ssam-jasam  as  I  could.' 

EASK  [as'k],  sb.  a  hoarse,  hard  cough. — Kewport  ;  Wbm  ;  Whit- 
0HX7B0H.     *  'E's  gotten  sich  a  ^ask  on  'im.' 

'  He  hath  a  great  Tiaskness,  gravi  asthmate  implicatur.' — Sbrman, 
in  Wedo.    See  below.    Cf .  Hoost,  also  Wiak. 

HA8KY  [as'ki'l,  adj.  harsh;  dry;  arid. — Wbm;  Whitchurch. 
•  A  *asky  cougn; '  * 'asky  winde ; '  * 'ard  an'  'cwAjy  land.'  See  harske 
or  haske,  with  Way's  note,  in  Prompt.  Parv*y  p.  228.  IceL  hukr^  hfuAry 
harsh. 

HASLET  [as'li'tj,  sh.^  ohsoJs.l  the  heart,  liver,  and  lights  of  a  pig, 
taken  out  entire — ^with  the  wind-pipe  attached.  —  Pulvebbatch  ; 
Clun.  '  We  shanna  a  to  bwile  the  pot  o'  Friday,  theer'U  be  the  *aslei 
fur  the  men's  dinners.' 

'  There  was  not  a  hog  killed  within  three  parishes  of  him,  whereof 
he  had  not  some  part  of  the  Titislei  and  puddings.' — Ozell  (first  hidf 
18th  cent),  RahdaiSf  Bk.  iii.  ch.  41,  in  Nares. 

*  Haslet  [probably  of  Hasten  F.  a  Spit,  because  being  usually 
roasted],  the  Entrails  of  a  Hog.'— Bailey,  ed.  1727. 

'Fr.  hcuiillef  hasterel,  hastemenue,  the  pluck  or  gatiier  of  an  animal.' 
^Wedo.    Cf.  Harslet,  also  Hack. 

HASP  [as^)],  sb.  a  fastening  for  the  lid  of  a  box — a  folding  clasp 
with  siaple  attached  which  falls  over  the  lock :  the  staple  fits  mto  an 
anerture  on  one  side  of  the  key-hole,  and  is  there  secured  by  the  bolt 
m  the  lock.  Com.  '  I  lost  the  kay,  an'  didna  like  to  break  the  *€up, 
BO  I  knocked  a  bwurd  out  o'  the  bottom.' 

'  And  undeme)^  is  an  Aewp,  shet  wi|»  a  stapil  and  a  clasp.' 

B.  Coer  de  Lion^  1.  4083,  in  Stbat. 

'  Clavis  vel  sera,  hespe,^  occurs  in  Semi-Saxon  VocabtUaryy  xii.  cent., 
in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  L  p.  02. 


198  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 


<  {t 


Ilaspe  of  a  dore,  cZtcArfte."— Palso.  "  Agraphe,  a  claspe,  hook, 
brace,  grapple,  haspe." — CoTO.     In  this  last  sense  the  word  haspa 

occiirs  in  tne  Sherbom  Cartulary,  MS where,  among  the  gifts 

of  William  the  sacrist  (xii.  cent?),  is  mentioned,  ** MissaJe  cum  hcupd 
argented"'— Way, 

Bailey— ed.  1782— has,  'An  Hasp,  a  Sort  of  fastening  for  a  Boor, 
Window,  &c.' 

A.S.  hcpps,  hcup,  a  hapse,  hasp,  the  hook  of  a  hinge.     C£  Clicket  (1). 

EASTES'EE  [ai'snur*],  sb.  a  long  funnel-shaped  tin  vessel  for  warm- 
ing '  drink '  quickly :  when  used  for  this  purpose  it  is  put  into  the  fire, 
n(»t  upon  it,  as  a  saucepan  would  be. — Craven  Arms.  See  ILuUner^ 
in  Wedo.     Cf.  Horn. 

HAT  [at-],  pret^  ohaoh,  heated. — Pulverbatch.  *Whad*n*ee  bin 
doin  all  momiu'  ? — I  *at  the  oven  an'  knad  the  bread  afore  the  men 
comen  in  fur  thar  bavte,  an'  yo*n  bin  pltherin*  o'er  them  tuthree  milk- 
things  all  this  wilde. 

HAT-BAT,  8h,  the  Long-eared  Bat. — Pulverbatch  ;  Worthen.  Cf. 
Billy-bat,  also  Flitter-mouse. 

HATCHEL,  same  as  Hetohel,  q.  v. — Glee  Hills. 

*  An  HatcheU  of  which  there  are  several  sorts,  one  finer  than  another, 
these  are  long  Iron  Pinns  set  orderly  in  a  Board  with  which  Hemp 
and  Flax  is  combed  into  fine  haires.'—  Academy  of  Armory ^  Bk.  III. 
ch.  iii.  p.  106. 

HAT-FTTLL-OF-FEATHEBS,  (1)  sb.  the  nest  of  the  Long-tailed 
Titmouse.— Oswestry. 

*  Meanwhile  Rupert,  wandering  listlessly  about  the  pool,  and  keep- 
ing his  eye  on  the  bushes,  discovered  the  most  beautifully-constructed 
nest  of  any  of  our  English  birds — that  of  the  long-tailed  tit.  This 
nest  was  about  as  large  as  a  small  cocoa-nut,  and  just  the  shape  of 
one,  with  a  small  hole  in  the  side,  near  the  top,  to  admit  the  birda 
It  was  made  of  mosses,  feathers,  and  hair,  and  was  encrusted  on  the 
outside  with  lichens,  until  it  looked  as  if  it  were  spangled  with  frosted 
silver.  Inside,  it  was  so  full  of  fine  soft  feathers,  that  it  quite  justified 
the  name  it  bears  among  the  country  lads  of  a  **  hat  full  o/feathert"  * 
— G.  Christopher  Da  vies,  Rambles  and  Adventures  of  Our  School 
Field'Ciub,  p.  136,  ed,  1875. 

(2)  «6.  the  nest  of  the  Willow  Wren. — Oswestry. 

This  nest  *  is  a  rounded  structure  with  a  hole  in  the  side,  through 
which  the  bird  obtains  admission  into  the  interior.  . .  .  The  materials 
of  which  it  is  composed  are  generally  leaves,  grasses,  and  moss,  and 
the  interior  is  lined  with  a  warmer  bed  of  soft  feathers.' — Wood's 
Natural  History  (Birds),  vol.  ii.  p.  281. 

IBLAlTHOBH  [aath-ur*n],  «ft.,  var,  pr,  the  hawthorn. — ^Pulverbatch. 
*  I  went  to  Cunder  [Condover]  church  o'  Wissun-Sunday  to  see  the 
poor  owd  Maister's  grave,  an  come  the  fut  road  across  the  Park 
back — it  wuz  grand,  the  ^athurn  trees  wun  blowed  as  Vite  as  a  sheet' 

HATTOCK  [at'uk],  v,  a,  to  cover  reaped  com  in  the  field  with 
hattocks.    See  below.    Cf.  Hackle  (3),  also  Hood. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   199 

HATT0CK8,  sb.  pi.  sheaves  of  com  inverted  over  the  'mow'  to 
protect  it  from  wet.  The  two  end  sheaves  of  the  *  mow/  which  con- 
sists of  eig^ht  sheaves,  are  taken  as  hattocks  for  the  remaining  six. — 
Ellesmere,  Wehhampton,  Compare  O.N.  hottr  (later  huttr),  which 
had,  according  to  Cleasby,  the  primary  meaning  of  the  cowl  of  a 
cloak,  and  seems  to  be  allie<i  to  hetta^  a  hood,  with  A.S.  hoeteTf  clothiDg; 
apparel.     Whence  hcUt  +  ocAr,  a  covering. 

•  An  Hattock  is  three  Sheafs  laid  together.' — Academy  of  Armory ^ 
Bk.  III.  ch.  iii.  p^  73. 

Qrose  gives  '  jacUtock,  a  shock  of  com  containing  twelve  sheaves,  N. 
Of.  Hackling-sheaves,  also  Hooders. 

HAXTL  faulj,  v,  a.  to  carry  coal. — Shrewsbury  ;  Ludlow. 

'1805.  I3ec'.  7*^,  Ja'aw/iXv  Load  Ooals  to  the  workhouse.    1-0-0.' 
— Parish  Accounts,  Much  Wenlock. 
Of.  Lug  (1). 

HATJLIEB  [aul'yur'],  sb,  a  man  who  carts  coal,  &c  for  hire. — 
Shrewsbury  ;  Ellesmerb.  '  I've  bin  to  Philips  the  ^aulier  to  axe 
'im  w*en  'e  can  latch  me  a  15oad  o'  c6al  from  the  Out-w*arf' 
[EUesmere].    See  -ier.    Of.  dagger. 

HAITLM  [aum-],  ab,  pease-straw;  bean-stalks,  &c. — Pulverbatch. 
Qy.  com. 

*  Culmus,  healm,'  occurs  in  Archhp.  ^l/ric's  Vocabulary,  x.  cent., 
in  Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i  p.  38,  and  Mr.  Wright  remarks  upon  it: — 
'  The  straw  of  com,  as  well  as  the  stalks  of  manj  other  plants^  are 
[sic']  still  called  haulm  in  many  of  our  provincial  dialects.' 

'A.S.  healm;  O.Sax.,  O.H.  Germ,  halm;  O.Icel.  halmr,  halm 
(haum),  eulmus.* — Strat. 

HAW.    See  Waggoners'  Words  to  Horses. 

HAWS  [au'z],  eb.  pL  the  fruit  of  Oratdgiis  Oxyacdntha^  Hawthorn. 
Oom. 

'  ffawes,  hepus,  ft  hakemes  *  &  l^e  hasel-notes, 

&  o^er  frut  to  ^e  fulle ' 

William  of  Paleme,  1.  1811. 

Of.  Hippety-haws.    See  Hips,  also  Guckoo's-beada. 

HAT,  8b.,  obsoU.  a  plantation  ;  a  wood  ;  a  coppice :  formerly  a  portion 
of  a  forest,  or  wood,  enclosed  for  special  purposes,  as  of  deer-keeping, 
feeding  swine,  &c.,  but  in  this  sense  the  term  is  become  obsolete. — 
Welunoton.  a  gamekeeper  of  Lord  Forester's  said  [1868],  *  We'n 
seventeen  ^ays  about  *ere,  an'  we  cut'n  [thin]  one  every  ear,  so  it'll  be 
seventeen  'ears  afore  the  Arcall  [ErcallJ  is  cut  agen.'  A  group  of  small 
coppices  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Wellington  is  known  as  the  '  Black 
Hays.'  The  entrance  to  the  king's  Hay  in  the  forest  of  Mount  Gilbert, 
otherwise  known  as  the  Wrekin  forest,  is  still  called  Hay-gate.  Hay 
enters  into  the  names  of  several  places  about  Wellington,  as  Horse- 
way, Hinks-Aay,  &c.  It  occurs  in  like  manner  in  other  parts  of  Salop. 
*T?he  Hay'  near  Coalport  was  formerly  a  portion  of  ohirlot  Forest. 
'  The  Hays '  and  *  Hay  House '  are  the  names  of  farms  which  lie  a  few 
miles  south  of  Biidgnorth  ;  and  two  others  which  border  on  the  Olee 
Hills  are  called  respectively  *  ^oy-more '  and  *  ^ay-farm.*  On  the 
west  aide  of  the  county,  northward  of  Worthen,  there  is  a  farm  on 


200  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

what  is  called  the  Forest  of  Hayes — south  of  this  is  ^ay-wood. 
About  half  a  mile  from  Weetbury  there  is  a  mill  at  J9ay>ford.  Then, 
near  the  southern  limits  of  the  county,  not  far  from  Ludlow,  is  Hay 
Park.  Other  instances  might  be  adduced,  but  those  here  given  will 
be  sufficient  to  show  how  the  old  word  hay  =  enclosure,  once  obtained 
in  Shropshire. 

'  In  tne  edition  of  the  Ortus  in  Mr.  Wilbraham's  library,  datuvra^ 
is  rendered  '*a  dosse,  or  a  heye."  Haye  occurs  elsewhere  in  the 
sense  of  an  enclosure ;  thus  in  the  gloss  on  the  *'  liher  vocaJttu  equusy* 
called  in  the  Promptorium  *^  Distigitu"  written  by  John  de  Garlandii, 
occurs  **  CimiteritMn,  chyrche-haye." — ^HarL  MB.  1002.  In  the  Qolden 
Legend  it  is  said,  "he  had— foule  way  thorugh  hayes  and  hedges, 
woodes.  stones,  hylles  and  valeys." — ^f.  68,  b.*    Way,  p.  221. 

*  O.fr.  ?iaiet  cloture  en  g§n6ral ;  du  bas-aUemand  lutegJie,  endos.' 
— Bub. 

Compare  'A.S.  haga;  O.Du.  Tioge  (hagTie) ;  O.IoeL  Ao^',  locus  sepe 
drcumdatus.' — Stbat.    See  below.    Of.  Hag  (1). 

HAYMEBT,  HEYMEVT,  «&.,  obs,  a  fence;  a  botlndaiy.  This 
word,  mentioned  by  Mr.  Hartshome  as  having  come  under  lus  notice 
in  a  parish  book  pertaining  to  Smethcot,  and  which  he  subsequently 
found  to  mean,  '  the  hedge  which  encircles  part  of  the  chur(uiyard,' 
seems  to  have  had  a  wide  range  throughout  Shropshire.  Though  for 
the  most  part  restricted  in  its  application  to  the  boundary — of  what- 
ever kind  it  were — which  enclosed  the  churchyard,  yet  it  was  not 
necessarily  so. 

Gough,  in  his  History  of  Myddle,  pp.  10,  11,  at  the  date  of  1770, 
says,  that  a  certain  brid^  over  a  brook  '  some  years  past  was  out  of 
repaire,  and  the  parishioners  of  Baschurch  parish  did  reouire  the 
parish  of  Myddle  to  repaire  one  half  of  this  bridge.  «  .  .  Kowland 
Hunt  of  Boreatton,  Esq.  .  .  .  living  in  Baschurch  parish,  was  very 
sharp  upon  the  inhabit^ts  of  Myddle  parish  beecause  they  refused  to 
repair  half  the  bridge.  But  the  parishioners  of  Myddle  answeared  that 
the  brooke  was  whoaly  in  the  parish  of  Baschurcn,  and  was  the  Hay- 
ment  or  fence  of  the  men  of  Baschurch  parish,  betweene  their  lands, 
and  the  lands  in  Myddle  parish.  .  .  .'  At  p.  33  of  the  same  work, 
Gouffh  says,  speaking  of  Billmarsh  Green,  *  This  is  a  small  common, 
mucn  controverted,  whether  it  lyes  in  the  Lordship  of  Myddle,  or  in 
the  parish  of  Broughton,  and  libertyes  of  Salop.  . .  .  But  all  Billmarsh 
was  formerly  a  common,  and  it  should  seem  uiat  this  Greene  was  left 
out  of  it  when  it  was  incloased,  for  all  other  places  make  HeymenJt 
from  Bilmarsh  except  this  Greene.' 

In  p.  65  of  A  Lecture  on  QucU/ord,  MorvilU  and  AHon  Eyre  800 
Tears  Ago,  by  the  Eev.  George  Leigh  Wasey,  M.A.  (Bridgnorth, 
1859),  the  following  old  custom  at  Quatford  is  recorded : — '  The  wall 
round  the  churchyard,  extending  two  hundred  and  seveninr  yards,  is 
apportioned  between  the  following  nine  proi)erties  in  the  parish, 
Tdiich  are  bound  bv  immemorial  usage  to  keep  certain  lengths  of  it 
in  fixed  repair,  on  tne  application  of  the  churchwardens :  the  CaresweU 
Oharity  estate;  DanieUs  null;  Mr.  Pitman's  estate  at  Eardin&i»n, 
late  Mr.  Duppa's;  Mrs.  Oldbmys;  Mr.  Butter's;  the  Hay  tarm, 
now  Mr.  Walker's  property ;  Lord  Sudeley's  farm  at  the  Knowle ; 
Mr.  Hudson's  at  the  Deanery ;  and  Mr.  Norton's  at  Eardington.' 

The  portions  of  the  churchyard  wall  for  these  '  Properties '  to  repair 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  201 

80  many  yards  each  are  marked  out  on  'the  yestry  map,  which  is 
called  *  the  Map  of  the  Hayments.^ 

The  following  extract  is  from  the  Churchwarden^  AceounUt  Clun : — 
*  Agreed  at  a  Vestry  Meeting  held  for  the  parish  of  Clun,  the  24*  Day 
of  May  1755,  for  the  Repairs  of  the  Church  and  the  Churchyard  WaU 
or  HaymenU^  as  followa  .  .  .' 

In  the  Churchwardens'  Accounts,  Hopton  Castle,  are  the  following 
entries:—*  1747,  Pd.  Will"  Bottwood  for  mend-g  Hayment  0-17-0. 

'Pd.  Mr.   Beale  for  Timb'.    1-1-0. 

1766.  for  Railing  the  Church  hayment  at  two  pence  f,  0  -  12  -  0.* 

The  churchyard  at  Hopton  Castle  is  stiU  [1875]  enclosed  by  a 
wooden  paling  on  its  south  side,  though  it  is  no  longer  called  the 
hnjtment, 

Gk>ugh  glosses  the  proper  name  Haywardy  *  a  keeper  or  overseer  of 
Hayment  J  See  History  of  Myddlcy  p.  197.  Hayment  is  made  up  of 
Fr.  haiey  and  Fr.  suffix,  <  ment,*    See  Hay,  above. 

HATTICK,  sb,  common  Whitethroat. — Oswbstry.  This  bird,  when 
alarmed,  flies  about  the  tall  grass  uttering  a  '  tick-ing  *  sound,  from 
which  it  gets  its  name,  Haytick,    See  Flax.    CI  Utick. 

HE,  used  for  It.     See  Orammar  Outliiiei  {personal  pronouns),  p. 

xlviii. 

*  A I  nay !  lat  be ;  the  philosophres  stoon, 

Elixir  dept, 

For  al  our  craft,  whan  we  han  al  ydo. 
And  al  our  sleighte,  he  wol  nat  come  vs  to. 
He  hath  ymaad  vs  spenden  mochel  good.' 

Chaucer,  Q.  867,  868  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 
Cf.  Him,  below. 

HEAD  [yed-].  Com.  [yad-],  Bishop's  Castlb;  Clun.  [yud-], 
Ludlow,  Bur/ord. 

HEAD-OUT  [yed'  out],  v.  a.  to  'drive  a  head'  in  advance  of  the 
general  workiags. — Colliery.    See  Drive  a  head. 

HEAD-COLLAR  [yed*  kol*'ur'],  sb.  a  kind  of  bridle  put  on  to  a  horse 
for  the  pui*pose  of  fastening  him  to  the  manger, — an  arrangement  of 
leather  straps,  passing  over  the  nose,  under  the  throat,  and  round  the 
neck  of  the  animal.  A  rope — which  is  sometimes  called  the  sliank — 
is  attached  to  the  head-collar,  and  by  it  the  horse  is  tied  up  in  his 
stall. — Ellesmere.     Qy.  com. 

HEAD-STALL  [ed'stul  and  yed-stul],  sb,,  obsols.  1  same  as  Head-oollar, 
above. — Atcham;  Ellesmere. 

' one  did  take 

The  horse  in  hand  within  his  mouth  to  looke : 

Another,  that  would  seeme  to  have  more  wit, 
Him  by  the  bright  embrodered  hed- stall  tooke.' 

Spenser,  F.  Q„  Bk.  V.  c.  iii.  st,  xxxiii 

' .  .  .  .  his  horse  hipped  with  an  old  mothv  saddle  and  stirrups  of 

no  kindred ; and  with  a  half-checkea  bit  and  a  head-stall  of 

sheep's  leather.* — Taming  of  the  Shrew,  III.  ii.  58. 


202  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

HEAP  [yep*].  Com.  [yup-],  Clun  ;  Ludlow,  Burfard^  v.  a.  and  <6. 
to  heap ;  a  heap.    See  Scutch-yup. 

HEABKEH-OTTT,  v.  n.  to  be  on  the  watch  for  information. — 
Shrewsbuby  ;  Newport.  Q,j,  com.  *  We'n  'eark^n-out,  an*  mehbe 
we  shan  'ear  o'  summat ' — Shaving  reference  to  the  subject  of  inquiry. 

HEABT  [aa'r't],  8b.,pec.  state ;  condition  ;  said  of  ground. — Pulvbr- 
BATCii.  Qy.  com.  'If  11  do  mighty  well  this  tune  athout  muck, 
the  groun'  *8  in  good  *eart,  an'  well  claned.' 

HEAETEH,  v.  a.  to  cheer ;  to  encourage ;  to  invigorate. — Pulver- 
BATCH ;  Newport  ;  Wem.  Qy.  com.  This  term  is  usually  employed 
with  one  or  other  of  the  prepositions,  up  or  on.  '  Come  in  an'  '&ve  a 
dish  o'  tay — it'll  *earten  yo'  on — yo'n  find  it  a  good  way  to  Powder- 
bitch  [Pulverbatch],  an'  all  up  'ill.' 

'  Prince,  My  royal  father,  cheer  these  noble  lords 
And  hearten  those  that  fight  in  your  defence : 
Unsheathe  your  sword,  good  &ther ;  cry  '*  Saint  George ! " ' 

3  K.  Henry  VI.,  II.  il  79. 

'  Roger,  Kind  Patie,  now  fair  fa'  your  honest  heart, 
Ye're  aye  sae  cadgy,  and  have  sic  an  art 

To  hearten  ane ' 

Allan  Ramsay,  The  C^Ue  Shepherd^  I.  i.  p.  11. 

A.S.  hyrian,  to  encourage ;  comfort. 

HEABT-WELL  [aaVt  wel*'],  adj,  in  good  general  health.— Shrews- 
bury; Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  'I'm  pretty  'eart-well,  God  be 
thankit,  on'y  infirm'd.' 

HEAVE  [ai'v],  (1)  v,  a.,  var.  pr,  to  lift  Com.  *  *Aive  that  pot  off 
the  fire,  them  tatoes  bin  done.' 

( &  comande  ^e  couherde  '  curteysli  and  fayre, 
to  heue  vp  >at  hende  child  *  bi-hinde  him  on  his  stede.* 

William  of  Pafeme,  I  346. 

'  He  was  schort  schuldred,  brood,  a  thikke  knarre, 
Ther  nas  no  dore  that  he  nolde  heve  of  barre, 
Or  broke  it  at  a  rennyng  with  his  heed.' 

Chaucer,  The  Prologue,  1.  550,  ed.  Morris. 

See  Hove,  also  Heler. 

(2)  V,  n.  to  rise ;  said  of  bread  when  '  laid  in  sponge ; '  or  of  cheeses 
that  rise  up  in  the  middle  in  consequence  of  the  whej  not  having 
been  thoroughly  pressed  out  Com.  (1)  'I  doubt  this  bread'll  te 
sad,  it  dunna  'awe  well  —  the  barm's  bin  fros'-ketcht,  I  spect' 
(2)  '  Theer's  won  o'  them  cheese  'aiVni'  I  see — we  maun  keep  that  fur 
ourselves — it  wunna  do  fur  the  markit'    Cf.  Bulled. 

(3)  See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &c.,  'Customs  connected  with  Days  and 
Seasons '  (JEaater  Monday). 

HEAVEB  [ai'vur'],  (1)  sb.,  ohsoU,  a  kind  of  vertical,  sliding  shutter 
across  the  doorway  of  a  bam,  made  to  fit  into  grooves  in  such  a  way 
that  it  can  be  lifted,  or  ^aived,  out  at  pleasure — ^whence  its  name. 
Qy.  com.  When  grain  was  thrashed  on  the  barn-floor  with  a 
*  thrashal '  [flail],  the  heaver  was  employed  to  close  up  the  lower  part 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   203 


of  the  bam  door-way,  and  so  prevent  the  grain  escaping  by  th< 
otherwise — open  door  of  the  bam. 

(2)  8h,y  obsoh.  a  kind  of  *  blower,'  or  winnowing  machine  without 
sieves.  A  handle  is  turned  that  works  a  fan — from  a  box  at  the  top 
of  the  machine  the  grain  falls  over  the  thin  edge  of  a  board,  and 
being  met  by  a  blast  of  wind  from  the  fan,  the  light  grain  and  dust 
are  ^aived  out     Qy.  com. 

HEA.VIHO.     See  as  for  Heave  (3). 

HEAVINO-DATS,  ab.  pi,  ohsols,  Easter  Monday  and  Easter  Tuesday  : 
so  called  from  the  custom  of  heaving  on  those  days.  Qy.  com.  See 
above. 

HEAVY  [ev-r],  adj,  stem. — ^Whitohurch;  Ellesmerk.  *  Yd*  look'n 
vdry  *eavy  at  me.' 

HEDGE-BILL.     See  BUI. 

HEEL  [ee'l],  sb.  the  top  crust  of  a  loaf  cut  off,  or  the  bottom 
crust  remaining. — Pttlverbatch.  *  Cut  a  loaf  through  to  sen*  to  the 
leasow,  that  Ve/  5onna  be  enough.'  A  remaining  corner  is  called  the 
heel  of  the  loaf  at  Clun.  Bums  has  *  kebbuck-Aee^,'  i.  e.  the  remain- 
ing part  of  a  cheese ; — 

*  0  Wives,  be  mindfu',  ance  yoursel 

How  bonie  lads  ye  wanted, 
An'  dinna,  for  a  kehbuck-hed. 
Let  lasses  be  affronted 

On  sic  a  day !  * — Poema,  p.  19,  L  7. 
Of.  Cantel. 

HEEL-RAKE.    See  EU-rake. 

HEEL-TAPS,  sb.  pi.  small  quantities  of  ale,  &c.  left  in  the  glasses. 
Com.  *  Now,  drink  up  yore  ^eeH-taps,  an'  ftve  another  jug  —  the 
evenin'  's  young  yet.' 

HEET,  HEIT.    See  Waggoners'  Words  to  Horses. 

HEFT  [ef-t],  Pulvbrbatch;  Clee  Hills;  Ludlow.  [if*t],  Wem. 
(1)  «6.  a  heavy  weight.  A  dead  heft  is  a  weight  that  cannot  be  moved ; 
as,  for  instance,  the  huge  trunk  of  a  fallen  tree,  would  be  a  dead  heft 
to  a  horse  that  was  made  to  pull  at  it. 


the  sense  of  heaving : — 

* ...    he  cracks  his  gorge,  his  sides, 

With  violent  A«/^« ' 

Winter's  Tale,  II.  i.  45. 

'A.8.  hehhan;  O.Sax.  hebhien;  CH.Germ.  heffan;  O.Icel.  hefja; 
Goth,  hafjan,  to  heave.'— Strat. 

HKLER  [ee'lur'],  sb.  obs.l  one  who  covers  or  conceals  a  thing. 
This  old  word  is  preserved  in  a  proverbial  saying  heard  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Stoddesden :—  •  The  heler  's  as  bad  as  the  heaver ; '  which 
is  analogous  to,  '  The  receiver's  as  bad  as  the  thief — he  who  helei,  or 


204  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

,  bides,  is  equally  guilty  with  him  who  JieavcBf  i.  e.  '  lifts,'  which  latter 
word  has  an  old  meaning  of  to  steal,  still  retained  in  the  modem 
term  '  eiko^'Ufiing,* 

'  "  I-wisse,"  J>an  seyde  William  '  "  i  wol  no  longer  hde. 
My  liif,  my  langor,  &  my  de>  '  lenges  in  \>i  warde." ' 

WiUiam  of  Paleme,  L  960. 

A.S.  helan,  to  coyer;  to  conceal.    Ct  Hill.    See  Heave  (1). 

HELL-HXnr  [el-un],  sb.y  var.  pr.  a  hell-hound. — Newport  ;  Whit- 
CHT7BCH.  A  poor  old  man  whom  a  pack  of  rufiBanlylads  had  hooted 
at  and  peltea,  said  of  them,  to  a  magistrate  at  Whitchurch,  that 
*  they  wun  a  paasle  o'  'ell-*uns.' 

*  30  ben  to  |>e  heUe-hond  '  hoUiche  i-like.' 

Alexander  and  DindimuUf  L  792. 

'  A  cry  of  hell-hounds  neyer  ceasinff  bark'd 
WiUi  wide  Cerberean  mouths  full  loud,  and  rung 

A  hideous  peaL ' 

Paradise  Lost,  Bk.  IL  L  664, 

A.S.  heUe-h^ndf  idem.    See  Orey-hun  for  hound. 

HEHP-BTFT,  ab,,  obs,  a  plot  of  garden  ground,  or  a  piece  of  a  field  on 
which  hemp  was  grown. — ^Wem  ;  Ellesmere. 

*  It  is  observed  that  if  the  chiefe  person  of  the  family  that  inhabits 
in  tlus  farme  [Oayhowell]  doe  fall  sick,  if  his  sicknesse  bee  to  death, 
there  comes  a  paire  of  pidgeons  to  the  house  about  a  fortnight  or  a 
weeke  before  the  person's  death,  and  continue  there  untill  the  person's 
death,  and  then  goe  away.  This  I  have  knowne  them  doe  three 
seyerall  times.  1st  Old  Mr.  Bradocke,  fell  sicke  about  a  quarter  of  a 
yeare  after  my  Sister  was  maired,  and  the  paire  of  pidgeons  came 
thither,  which  I  saw.  They  did  eyery  night  roust  under  the  shelter 
of  the  roofe  of  the  kitchen  att  the  end,  and  did  sit  upon  the  ends  of 
the  side  raisers.  In  the  day  time  they  fled  about  the  gardines  and 
yards.  I  haye  seene  them  pecking  on  the  hemp-butt  as  if  they  did 
feed,  and  for  ought  I  know  they  did  feed.' — Gouoh's  History  of 
MyddUy  p.  47. 

HEMPERT  [em'pur't],  sb,,  obs,  ground  specially  appropriated  to 
hemp,  whether  of  the  garden  or  of  a  *  close.' — ^Pxtlvbrbatch.  *  So  I 
see  Mr.  Goff  'as  let  the  *empert  into  the  stack-yurd — well,  well,  I  s'pose 
as  theer^s  more  barley  than  'emp  wanted  now-a-days.'  Hempai  is 
doubtless  a  corruption  of  hemp-ywrd, 

HEN-AHB-CHICKEHS.     See  Baohelon'-bntton. 

HEH-SC&ATS,  sb.  pi,  elrri^ — ^filaments  of  white  cloud  crossing  the 
sky  like  net- work. — Ptjlverbatch  ;  Whitchurch.    Qy.  com. 

HEBDEB'  [ur'dh'n],  adj,  made  of  'herdes,'  q. y.,  below. — PuLyEB- 
batch;  Clun;  Clee  Hills.  *The  waiver's  maden  a  nice  piece  o' 
'uckaback  of  the  'crcfen  yom — i^VL  do  mighty  well  for  the  men's 
tablecloths.' 

*  The  Inyentory  of  the  effects  of  Sir  John  Conyers,  of  Sockbume, 
Durham,  1667,  comprises  **yij  harden  table  clothes,  iys. — xy^pair  of 
harden  sheats,  xx  s.*'    Wills  and  Iny.  Surtees  80c.  i.  268,'  in  WAT. 

See  Hurden.    Cf .  Hoggen. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  205 
HEBDBS   [ur'd'z],  ah,,  ohsolsA  coarse,  or  refuse,  flax  or  hemp. — 

PULVEBBATCH ;   ClEE  HiLLS. 

*  Hyrdys  or  herdya  of  flax  or  hempe.  Stuppa.  **  Stupa,  hyrdes  of 
hempe,  or  of  flax.  Stupo^  to  stop  with  hurdes." — Med.  MS.  Cast. 
**  ExtupOf  Anglice,  to  do  awaye  hardes  or  tawe.  Stupa,  stub,  chaf,  or 
towe." — Oktus.  The  word  occurs  in  the  Wicliffit«  version,  Judges 
zyi.  9;  ''And  sche  criede  to  him,  Sampson!  Felisteis  ben  on  ^ee, 
which  brak  ]>e  boondis  as  if  a  man  brekith  a  f^rede  of  herdis  [fihim  de 
stupd,  Vulg.)  wri)>un  wi)>  spotle."  "Heerdes  of  hempe,  tillage  de 
ehamure  {?chainvre)  estovpesy — FAiiSG.  "Hirdes,  or  towe,  of  flaxe, 
or  hempe,  stupa," — Baret.'    Prompt,  Parv,  and  Notes, 

*  Stupa,  vd  stuppa,  quod  cortici  lini  proximum,  ....  The  course 
part  of  flaxe.' — Did,  Etym.  Lot, 

Mr.  Halliwell  observes  of  Herdes,  that  it  is  '  still  in  use  in  Shrop- 
shire.*    A.S.  heordaSf  the  refuse  of  tow.    See  Hurds.    Of.  KTogB. 

HE8PEL  [es'pil],  v,  a,  to  worry ;  to  harass ;  to  tease ;  to  '  bother.' 
— Shkewsbury ;  Pitlverbatch ;  Woethen;  Glee  Hills.  'They 
dun  ^espel  that  poor  wench  shameful — er's  on  throm  momin*  till  night, 
an'  'afe  the  night  as  well,  fiir  now  the  childem  han  got  the  chin-cufE  'er 
'as  to  be  up  an'  down  5oth  them.'     Of.  Huspel. 

HETCH,  sb,,  var,  pr,  a  hatch,  as  of  chickens,  &c. — Pulverbatch. 

EETCHEL  [ech'il],  sb,,  ohs,  a  carding  implement  for  dressing  hemp 

or  flax — a  board  with  rows  of  iron  teeth  set  in  it — ^the  fibre  was  thrown 

across  the  hetchel  and  pulled  throue^h  it. — ^Pulverbatch  ;  Worthen. 

'  Hechde '  (noun)  and  '  hechdet '  (verb)  are  the  respective  glosses  of 

'  serence '  and  '  aerencet '  in  the  following  lines : — 

<  La  serence  dout  pemet, 
E  vostre  lyn  serencet.' 

The  Treaiise  of  Walter  de  Biblesworth,  xiii. 
cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  156. 

Blonnt  has,  '  Hitchel  (Tut.  hecTid),  a  certain  instrument  with  iron 
teeth  to  dress  flax  or  hemp.' — Glossographia,  p.  308. 

*  O.Du.  hekd  ;  O.H.Germ.  hachele,  hatchel  (heckle).' — Strat. 
01  Hatohel.    See  Swingle  (1),  also  Tewter. 

HETMEHT.    See  Hayment. 

Hik  [ei*],  V.  n,  to  hasten — used  in  the  imperative  mood  with  the* 
adverb  away,  has  the  meaning  of  '  be  quick  and  go,'  but  is  not  often 
heard.  —  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch.  *  Now  then,  'w  away  an' 
f&tch  me  yore  throck  to  ptit  on,  else  yo'n  be  late  fur  school  agen.' 

'  Ellee  go  by  vs  som,  and  that  as  swythe. 
Now,  gode  sir,  go  forth  thy  wey  and  hy  the.' 

Chaucer,  G.  1295  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 

Hiej  in  combination  with  up,  is  employed  in  urging  cows  forward. 
See  Gall- words  {cows).    A.S.  higan,  higian;  to  make  haste. 

HIFT.    See  Heft 

HIGOLE  [ig'l])  V,  n.  to  chafler;  to  drive  a  hard  bargain.— 
Elleskere. 


206  SHROPSHIRX  WORD-BOOK. 

*  Plume,  .  .  •  Pretty  Mrs.  Boae— yoa  have— let  me  see — ^how 
many  P 

*  Bone,  A  Dozen,  Sir,  and  they  are  richly  worth  a  Crown. 

*  Bui.  Come,  Ruf)8e  ;  I  sold  fifty  St  rake  [strike]  of  barley  to-day  in 
half  this  time ;  but  you  will  higgle  and  higgle  for  a  penny  more  than 
the  Commodity  is  worth. 

*  Bose.  What's  that  to  you.  Oaf  ?  I  can  make  as  much  out  of  a 
Groat  as  you  can  out  of  fourpence  Fm  sura  The  Gentleman  bids  £edr, 
and  when  I  meet  with  a  Chapman,  I  know  how  to  make  the  best  of 
him,  and  so,  Sir,  I  say  for  a  Crown-piece  the  Bargain's  yours.'— 
Fakquhah's  Becruiting  Officer,  Scene — ^The  Market-place,  Shrews- 
bury. 

Cf.  Haggle  (3). 

HIOOLEE  [ig'lur^],  «5.  same  as  Badger,  q.  v. — Newport  ;  Ellbs- 
MERE.     Qy.  com. 

EIOHFirL  [eiful],  adj.  haughty—' a  'ighful  dame.*— Much  Wex- 

LOCK. 

HIOHFULLT,  adv,  haughtily ;  with  a  distant  manner. — Ibid,  '  I 
didna  go6,  'cause  *er  on*y  axed  me  *igh/ullg,* 

HIGHRAHGEB  [eir'ai-nzhur*],  sh.,  var.  pr.^  ohsoU.  Hydrangea 
hortense. — SuREWSBURT;  PULVERBATCH  'I  pfit  the  *ighranger  out 
i'  the  ^rden  to  get  the  sun,  an'  the  winde's  wouted  the  pot  o'er  an' 
broke  it  all  to  pieces.' 

HIKE  [ei'k],  v,  a.  to  throw ;  to  toss ;  to  injure  with  the  horns ; 
said  of  cattle.  —  Newport  ;  Wem  ;  Whitchurch  ;  Ellesmsre. 
About  the  middle  of  the  present  century  there  lived  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Whixall  a  covetous  old  farmer,  who,  to  prevent  boys  from 
trespassing  on  his  land  in  nutting  season,  turned  a  '  running '  bull 
into  his  fields.  In  about  a  week's  time  he  himself  was  killed  by  this 
same  bull — whereupon  '  they  maden  a  ballet  on  Im.'  The  last  verse 
ran  thus: — 

<  'E  got  'is  wealth, 
By  fraud  an'  stealth. 
As  fast  as  'e  could  scraup  it ; 
Theer  com'd  a  bull, 
An'  cracked  'is  skull, 
An'  *iked  'im  in  a  saw-pit.' 

The  gravestone  placed  over  this  victim  of  his  own  greed,  in  the  old 
churchyard — Whixall — still  [1874]  retains  the  traces  of  a  chiselled 
gallows — showing  the  estimation  in  which  he  was  held  while  living. 
Cf.  Hile,  below ;  also  Hite  (1). 

EILE  [ei'l],  V.  a,  to  strike  with  the  horns  as  cattle  do,  so  as  to  cause 

injury;  to  gore. — Pulverbatch;  Newport;  Wem;  Whitchurch. 

(1)  *Our  J(mn's  in  a  pretty  way — them  b&llocks  han  *iled  'is  new 

.  plaiched  'edge  an'  tore  it  all  to  winders.'    (2)  *  Them  oows  11  'tie  one 

another  if  they  binna  parted.' 

'  The  terms  lu'le  and  hike  (see  above),  though  often  used  indiscrimin- 
ately for  "  homing,"  are  dearly  not,  in  «f,  synonymous — ^the  attack  of 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   207 

a  Bayage  bull  consists  of  two  processes ;  he  first  hiles^  or  gores,  and 
then  hikeSf  or  tosses.*     HUe  =  hik-le,  the  frequentative  form. 

See  I  (5),  p.  xxviii.|  for  the  Newport  pronunciation  of  these  two 
words. 

HILL  pi*],  V.  a.  to  cover. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com. 
(1)  *  Please,  Ma*am,  shall  I  *ifl  you  up  afore  I  ffoo  ? '  said  a  little  maid 
to  her  invalid  mistress,  the  covering  of  whose  bed  she  was  prepaiing 
to  arrange  for  the  night  [1874].  (2)  'Mind  an'  *t7/  them  tatoes  woU 
65th  feam  Ven  yo'  tumpen  'em.' 

' and  pertiliche  bi-holdes 

hov  hertily  ]>e  hordes  wif '  hulea  ^at  child, 

&  hov  fayre  it  fedde  '  &  fetisliche  it  ba|>ede, 

&  wromt  wi)?  it  as  wel  *  as  lif  it  were  hire  owne.* 

William  of  Palerne,  L  97. 

'  And  alle  \>e  houses  ben  hiled  *  haUes  and  chambres, 
Wit[h]  no  lede,  but  with  loue  •  and  lowe-speche-as-bretheren.' 

Pier8  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  v.  1.  599. 

'  A  rof  shal  hile  us  bo)>e  o-nith, 
pat  none  of  mine,  clerk  ne  knith, 
Ne  sholen  \)i  wif  no  shame  bede, 
No  more  ^an  min,  so  god  me  rede ! ' 

Havelck  the  Dane,  L  2082. 

•  1544.  For  covering  off  W.  Smyths  grave  v*. 

'  1545.  Eor  covering  off  Thomas  Warmynchames  ^rave  iij'. 

*  1553.  For  leynge  my  lords  grave  and  others  ij'  iiij''. 

•  1558.  For  iiii  bushells  off  lyme  for  pavyng  ye  Churche  &  hyllyng 
graves  ther  xx*. — Treasurer* e  MS.  Accounts  o/  the  Cathedral^  Chester. 

^ Hyllyn*  (coueren),  (Jperio,  tego,  velo,  •*  Tego,  to  hille;  tegmen,  an 
helynge." — Med.  MS.  Caitt.  •*  I  hyll,  I  wrappe  or  lappe,  ie  couvre; 
you  must  hyll  vou  wel  nowe  a  nyghtes,  the  wether  is  ccude.'* — Palso. 
**  Palter,  to  hill  ouer,  &c.** — Goto/     Prompt  Parv,  and  Notes. 

'A.S.  hdan ;  O.H.Germ.  htdlen;  Goth,  huljan;  O.IceL  hyJja,  to 
hill ;  to  cover.' — Strat. 

Der.  <  hilling.'    Of.  Heler. 

HILLEBS  [il'ur'zl  sb.  pi.,  ohaoU,  dwellers  on  hill-common  ]  people 
who  go  to  the  *  hills'  for  the  purpose  of  gathering  wimberries.— 
Pulverbatch.    See  Wixnberries. 

HILLIHO  [il'in],  ah,,  ohsols,  the  binding  or  covering  of  a  book. — 
Pulverbatch;  Wellington.  'Tummy,  yo'd'n  letter  piit  some 
brown  paper  on  them  school-books,  or  else  the  'iUirCs  55n  be  spiled 
afore  the  wik's  out.' 

*  HyUynge,  or  coverynge  of  what  thynge  hyt  be.  Coopertura, 
coopertorium,  operimentum,  **  Tegmentum,  a  hyllynge,  a  couerynge." 
— Ortus.  *  *  Ayllyng,  a  con eryng,  couverture."—  Palso.  The  accounts 
of  the  churchwaniens  of  Walden  comprise  the  item,  **  A  le  Klerk  de 
Thakstede  pur  byndynge,  hyllynge  et  bos3rnge  de  tous  les  liveres  en  U 
vestiary e,'' — ^Hist.  of  Audley  iSid,  p.  220.'    Prompt,  Parv,  and  Notes, 

Of.  Hulling. 

HIM,  used  for  It  See  Oranmiar  Ontlines  (personal  pronoun*),  p. 
xlviiL 


208  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  A !  nay !  lat  be ;  tlie  philoeopliTes  stoon» 
Elixir  clopt,  we  sechen  faste  echoon  ; 
For,  hadde  we  Atm,  than  were  we  siker  ynow.' 

CuAUCEB,  Or.  864  (8ix-text  ed.),  Skeai 
Cf.  fLe,  above. 

HIF-B088   [ip*  boss],  sb.  same  as  Briar-boBS,  q.  v. — Cleb  Hildb. 
See  Hips,  below. 

HIPPETT-HAW8    [ip-i'ti'  aa*z],  sb.  pL  same   as   Haws,  q.T., 
children's  term. — Shrewsbtjby.    See  Hips,  below. 

HIPPBTT-HAW  TBEE,  sb.  the  hawthom.— /(iem  ;  ibid. 

HIPS  [ip'sl,  sb.  pi.  the  berries  of  Rosa  eanina^  common  Dog-rose. 
Com.    HxpB  are  generally  associated  with  '  haws  * — hips  and  haw$, 

*  hawes,  hepu$  A  hakemes.    .    .    .' 

William  of  Palerne,  L  1811. 

'  Fie  upon  lieps  (quoth  the  fox)  because  he  could  not  reach  them.*— 
Bat's  Proverb*^  p.  110. 
A.S.  hedpe^  the  fruit  of  the  dog-rose.    See 


HIT  [it*],  sb.  a  good  crop. — Pulvkrbatch  ;   Clun  ;   Clbb  Hills. 

*  Theer's  a  perty  good  hit  o'  turmits  this  time.'    *  Aye,  the  weather 
'appens  to  shute  'em.' 

HITE  [eit*  corr.  a'yt  and  ahyt],  Pulvbrbatch  ;  Church  Stbetton. 
[ahy*t  and  ait*],  Clee  Hills,  Abdon.  (1)  v.  a.  to  toss;  to  throw: 
the  term  is  of  general  application. 

(1)  *  Poor  owd  Sally  Wildblood's  'ad  a  mighty  narrow  'scape  up  at 
Shep'n  filds,  'er  wuz  gwein  alung  the  leasow,  an'  the  biill  t5ok  after 
'er  an'  ketcht  'er  jest  as  'er  raught  the  stile ;  'e  'iled  'er  lees  an'  then 
'ited  'er  clane  o'er  into  the  Drench  Lane.'  '  Dear  Sores !  ^er  met  as 
well  a  bin  killed.' 

(2)  *  We'd'n  rar  raps  o'  Sruv-Toosday  66th  the  bwoys  tossin'  thar 
poncakes;  Dick  *%ted  'is  right  o'er  'is  yed,  an'  Bob  send  'is  up  the 
chimley — Sam  fell  'is  i'  the  ess,  an'  then  Tum  'ad  'is  face  oollowed 
66th  the  pon.' 

Farm-nouse  kitchens  are  sometimes  the  scenes  of  great  mirth  on 
Shrove-Tuesday,  when  the  farm-labourers  celebrate  tiie  Feast  of 
Pancakes — ^not  only  does  each  one  toss  a  pancake,  but  if  he  fail  to 
eat  it  before  another  is  fried,  he  has  to  submit  to  haying  his  face 
blacked  with  the  frying-pan. 

Hite  =  hike  (see  ante)  by  the  common  weakening  of  A;  to  t 

(2)  [a'yt*],  V.  a.  to  raise  the  hand  as  a  signal. — Pulyerbatch  ; 
Weic.  'rye  bin  to  the  top  o'  the  bonk  to  call  Jack ;  the  winde  wiis 
so  'igh  I  couldna  mak'  im  'ear,  but  I  *ited  my  'ond  at  'im,  an'  'ell 
come.'  V 

AIVJSK-HOVEB  [ivui'  ovur'],  adj.  wavering ;  undecided.    Qy.  com. 

*  Did'n  yo'  g66  f '"    *  No,  I  wuz  'iv«r-'<wcr  about  it  fur  a  bit,  but  as  I 
said  1 6odna,  I  didna.' 

HOB  AHB  CATCH,  phr.  bit  by  bit ;  just  as  one  can— as  of  getting 
in  haryest  in  a  bad  season. — Cravek  Abms.    Gf.  Catching-time. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.  209 

HOiBBETY-HOY  [ob-iti*  oi-'],  sh,  a  youth  between  boyhood  and 
manhood.  *  'Twixt  man  an'  boy.' — Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  *  Yo' 
dunna  think  I'd  tak'  up  ooth  a  ^ohheiy-oy  like  that  far  a  eweet'eart ! — 
ifU  be  a  better  sort  o'  mon  than  'im  as'll  get  me  i'  the  'umour.' 
Tusser  has  the  third  season  of  man's  age : — 

'  21  .  .  kepe  Tnder  sir  hobbard  de  hoyJ — See  p.  138,  ed.  E.  D.  S. 

'  A  Hober-de-Jioy,  half  a  man  and  half  a  boy.' 

Eay'8  Proverbs f  p.  67. 
Of.  Lobber-te-loy.  • 

HOB  JOB,  adv,  off-hand ;  without  deliberation. — Cleb  Hills.  '  '£ 
did  *ob-job  at  a  yentur'.' 

HOBS  AHD  OntDS,  phr,  fits  and  starts.— Pdlvbrbatch.  '  Theer's 
no  'eed  to  be  took  o'  that  fellow,  'e's  all  by  'o6»  an*  girds — ^yo*  never 
knowen  Ven  yo'  han  'im.'     Of.  Fits  and  Girds. 

HOBS-AITD-GOBS,  sb.  pi.  inequalities  of  surface. — Pulverbatch; 
Glee  Hills.  '  Theer's  some  difference  betwix  them  two  turmit- 
fallows — the  one's  all  ^obs-an'-gobs  like  'orses'^yeds,  an'  the  tother'a  as 
fine  as  a  inion-bed.'    Of.  Gob  (3). 

HOBS-AHB-JOBS,  sh,  pi  snatches ;  odd  times.— Wem.  '  Wo  mun 
get  that  done  by  *obs-arC'jobsJ    Of.  Hob  and  Catch. 

HOD  [od*],  (1)  sh,  a  store-heap  of  potatoes,  or  turnips,  covered  with 
straw  and  soil  to  protect  them  from  frost. — Ellesmere. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  cover  potatoes,  &c.  as  above. — Ihid,    Of.  Hog  (3). 

HODOE  [oj*],  sK  the  large  paunch  in  a  pig.—CLUN.     Cf.  Boger. 

HODOEH  [oj'in],  ah,  Erindceua  EurojxBua,  the  Hedgehog. — Much 
Wenlock,  Cressage.    C£  Urchin. 

HOE  [au-],  Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch;  Ellesmere.  Qy.  com. 
[on*  J,  Bishop's  Oastle  ;  Olttn,  sb,  and  v.  a.  a  hoe ;  to  hoe. 

'  Some  like  sowin',  some  like  mowin' ; 
But  of  all  the  games  that  I  do  like, 
Is  the  game  of  turmit-'aoh'n'.' 

Local  Doggerel  Verse, 

O.H.Germ.  lumioan ;  Fr.  hoxte^  to  hoe.    Du.  honiver^  cognate  with 
the  O.H.G.  houwa,  a  pick,  or  hoe.    See  Wbdq. 

HOG  [og-l,  (l)  8h.  &  male  sheep  of  the  first  year. — Bishop's  Castle  ; 
Clun  ;  Glee  Hills. 

*  The  Sheep  and  beastes.     Imprimis,  six  wethers,  nyne  tupp  or  hoggs, 
thirteene  hoggs  &  barren  ewes,  eleven  heefers,  foure  stearos,  one  bull, 
two  geldings,  two  fylles,  one  Ooult,  one  nagg,  and  six  stales  of  Bees, 
Ixij"  XV"  viij*.' — Inventory  .   .   .   Owlbuiy  Manor-house,   Bishop's. 
Castle,  1625. 

'  The  lee-lang  night  we  watch'd  the  fauld, 

Me  and  my  faithfu'  doggie ; 
We  heard  nought  but  the  roaiiug  linn, 
Amang  the  braes  sae  scroggie ; 

P 


210  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

But  the  howlet  (ayd  frae  the  castle  wa\ 

The  blitter  frae  the  boggie» 
The  tod  reply'd  upon  tiie  hill, 

I  tremblea  for  my  Hoggie.' 

KOBE&T  BiTBirs,  PoetM,  p.  269,  L  3d. 

*ffog,  a  youBg  sheep  of  the  second  year  .  .  .  Du.  hokkding,  a 
heifer,  beast  of  one  year  old.  From  being  fed  in  the  hok  or  pen.'-* 
Wedo.     Gf.  Hogrget,  below. 

(2)  V,  a.  to  trim  a  hedge  J^y  sloping  it  to  the  top,  like  the  roof  of  a 
house.—^HBEWSBUBY ;  Atchah;  Etj.khmkrk.  ZTo^  =  hag  =  hack. 
Of.  Blade. 

(3)  «6.  and  v.  a.  same  as  Hod,  q.  v.—Newpobt;  Wem.  0£  Bury, 
also  Tump. 

HOOOET  [og'i't],  ab.  same  as  Hog  (1),  above. — Pulvbrbatch.  Of. 
Thave. 

HOGhMAHE,  nb,  a  horse's  mane  cut  quite  short,  so  as  to  stand  erect. 
— Ellesmebb.    Of.  Hog  (5),  in  Hau 

HOGSHET  [og'shi't],  sh.,  var.  pr.  a  hogshead.  '  Yo'n  get  a  right 
good  traicle  'ogshet  fur  the  Talley  o'  'afe-a-crownd — I  *ad  one  off 
Bromley  the  grozier,  an*  it  lasted,  fur  a  wesh-tub,  'ears.* 

HOLD  [ou't],  8b,  place  of  safety,  as  a  hole  under  a  bank  where  fish 
lie ;  the  retreat  of  any  wild  animal.    Qy.  com. 

Mr.  Oliphant,  speaking  of  the  French  Romance  of  Sir  Tristrem, 
which  was  £nglished  about  1270,  says,  '  Some  new  substantiyes  are 
fomid.  In  page  25  a  castle  is  called  a  hold,* — See  Sources  of  Standard 
Englxth,  p.  160. 

Cf.  Ps,  Ixxi.  2. 

HOLB  YO*  [ou-d  yu*],  phr, '  hold  fast  '—an  expression  of  the  harveet- 
fiold — addressed  to  the  man  on  the  load  when  the  waggon  is  about  to 
move  on.    Com. 

HOLD  YOVB  HOLB  [ou-d  yur'  ou-'t],  phr,  meaning  primarily  'hold 
fast,'  but  with  a  secondary  sense  of '  Stop,'  or  '  Gently  there,'  when  a 
person  is  either  walking  or  talking  too  mst — ^Wem. 

HOLE  [oa'l],  V,  a.  to  excavate ;  to  cut  round  a  block  of  coal  in  such 
a  way  as  to  detach  it  for  removaL    Com. — M.  T. 

*Holyn',  or  boryn*.  Cavo^  wrforo^  terehro.  "To  hole,  cavare, 
per/oraref  Ac^  uhit  to  thyrle." — Cath.  Ano.  **  Palare,  cavare^ /orare, 
Anglicty  to  hole,  or  to  bore.*'  Equiv.  John  de  Garlandii.' — Prompts 
Parv.  and  Notes, 

A.S.  holian,  to  hollow ;  to  make  a  hole.    See  Sprag  (3). 

HOLERS  [oa'lur'z],  sb,  pi,  men^  employed  to  hole, — Ibid,  See 
Bondsmen. 

HOLP  [oa-pl,  pret^  eing.,  obaoU,  helped. — Shrewsburtj  Pulteb- 
BATCH,     '  1  'd*|)  'im  5$th  that  bag  on  'is  shuther.' 

'  Heo  hath  holpe  a  thousand  out 
Of  the  deyeles  punfolde.' 

Piers  Pl„  pass.  y.  1.  8766,  ed.  Wb. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   211 

*  Ant.  E»  A  man  is  well  holp  up  that  tnifits  to  you.' 

Comedy  of  Errors,  IV.  i.  22. 

A.S.  kealp,  p.  t.  of  helpan^  helped;  assisted. 

EOLFEB'  [oa'pn],  (1)  prd.ypl.^  obsols.  helped. — Ibid.  *Poor  owd 
Tummas  an'  me  wun  al'ays  good  Men's,  an'  'o'^'n  one  another  as 
neighbours  shoulden.'  A.S.  (we)  htUpon,  p.  t.  of  helpan,  helped; 
assisted. 

(2)  part,  pasty  ohsole.  helped. — Ibid.  *  I  doubt  they  bin  a  avenless 
set— they  dunna  ought  to  be  bad  off,  the^n  bin  *d^p'n  more  than  any- 
body i'  the  parish.' 

*  For  I  haue    .    .    .    seith  cryst 

blynde  men  hclpen. 

And  fedde  ^ow  with  fisshes  *  and  with  fyue  loues, 
And  left  baskettes  fiil  of  broke  mete  *  here  awey  who  so  wolde.' 

Piers  Pl.y  Text  B.,  pass.  xvi.  L  124. 

'  To  have  no  need  to  be  holpen  with  any  part  of  my  labour  in  this 
thing.' — Latimer,  Sermons,  p.  34,  in  Bible  Word-Book, 
See  Ps.  IxxxiiL  8.    A.S.  hotpen,  p.p.  of  ?ielpan,  to  help. 

HOLXrS-BOLTJS  [oa-lus  boa'lus],  adv.  impulsively ;  without  deliber- 
ation.— Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch  ;  Clee  Hills.  Qy.  com.  *  'E 
never  thinks  'ow  it's  gwein  to  end,  but  gwuz  at  it  'olus-bdluts.* 

HOMBEB  [om'bur'],  sb.  a  hammer.  Com.  To  go  "ember  an' 
pinsons '  at  a  thing  is  to  set  about  it  with  determination  and  force. 
*  So  yo'  couldna  finish  the  Wakes  athout  a  fight  I  'ear.'  *  I'd  nuthin' 
to  do  66ih  it,  Maister,  it  wuz  Jack  Pugn  an'  Dick  Morris — the 
constable  parted  'em  wunst,  but  they  watchen  'im  away,  an'  then 
wenten  ^omber  an^  pinsons  at  it  again — but  they'n  '&ve  'em  in  fur 
it  yit.' 
The  form  '  Jiambyr '  for  malUus  occurs  in  Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  225. 

H0KE8  [oamz],  same  as  Hames,  q.  v. — ^Wem. 

'  The  Trill  Homes,  are  the  peeoes  of  wood  made  fast  to  the  collar 
about  the  horse  neck,  to  which  hooks  and  the  chains  are  fixed.  The 
Homes  are  the  wooden  peeces  themselves.* — Academy  of  Armory ,  Bk. 
ni.  ch.  viii.  p.  339. 

HOMKACK  [om*uk],  v.  a.  to  dash ;  to  destroy  by  want  of  careful 
using:  said  chiefly  of  dress. — Shrewsbury;  Wem.  Qy.com.  *Look 
at  that  wench,  'ow  'er's  ^ommacked  'er  new  bonnet.' 

HOMHACKOr,  ad^.  awkward ;  clumsy.  Qy.  com.  '  'Er's  a  great 
^ommakin\  on-gain  lookin'  wench — 'er  mus'  spruce  up  an'  look  sharp 
about  'er,  else  'er  66nna  be  theer  lung.' 

HOMHAOED  [om*ijd],  part.  adj.  severely  censured. — ^Wem.  '  'E 
wuz  badly  \ommag^  about^it,  an'  'e  wunna  do  it  agen  in  a  'urry.' 

HOHPEBED  Fom'pur'dl,  part.  adj.  harassed ;  worried ;  troubled. 
Qy.  com.  *  Uod  'elp  tie  poor  firman — 'er'U  be  deepertly  ^ompered 
odth  them  two  twins.' 

p  2 


212  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

*  *'  whan  al  ^  cuntre  was  umbe-cast  *  with  clene  men  of  annes, 
to  haue  \>e  take  ^r  tit  *  &  to  dethe  hampred ; 
I  tok  here  souerayne  sone  *  so  saued  i  \!e  \>ere.*" 

William  of  PdUrfie,  1.  4694. 

HOVD  [on*d],  eh.  a  hand.     Com. 

'  And  oche  edav  thi  masse  thou  here. 
And  take  hale  bred  and  hal^  watore 

Out  of  the  prestis  hond  ; 
Soche  grace  God  hath  lif  the, 
3if  that  thou  dey  sodon  ly 

Fore  thi  housil  hit  schal  the  stond.* 

John  Axjdeiay's  Poems,  p.  81. 

'  And  at  this  same  tyme  were  hurt  Lordes  of  name— the 

liord  of  Stafford  in  the  hondy  with  an  arowe.* — Piuton  Letters,  A.D. 
1465,  vol.  i.  p.  331. 

A.S.  hond. 

HOHDLE  [ondl],  r.  a.  to  handle. — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch. 
Qy.  com.  '  To  *  ondl  en  that  pikel  as  if  it  wuz  a  gate-pwust ;  slout  it 
under  the  swath  athisn,  an'  shift  yore  fit  a  bit  faster,  or  we  shanna 
finish  'arr6o8t  by  Chns'mas.* 

'  He  was  fayr  man,  and  wicth, 
Of  bodi  he  was  ^  beste  knicth 
Y^i  euere  micte  leden  with  here, 
Or  stede  onne  ride,  or  handlen  spere.* 

Havelok  the  Dane,  1.  347. 

HOVE  [oa'n],  v.  «.  to  yearn ;  to  long. — Pulverbatch  ;  Newport. 
(1)  *  That  poor  cow's  *bnin*  after  'er  cauve  an*  lowin'  pitifiiL'  (2)  *  'E 
canna  do  no  good  at  school,  'e  does  so  *one  fur  'ome.' 

'  She  brought  a  servant  up  with  her,  said  he,  who  hones  after  the 
country,  and  is  actually  gone,  or  soon  will.' — Sir  Charles  Grandison, 
vol.  i.  p.  241,  ed.  1766. 

HOOD  [nod],  V.  a,  same  as  Hattoek^  q. v. — Whitchurch.  A.S. 
hdd,  a  nood. 

HOODERS  [uodur'z],  sh.  pi  same  as  Hattockt,  q,y.—P)id.  Cf. 
Hoodwinks,  below. 

HOODWnfKS  [ud'wingks],  sb.  pL  same  as  Hooden,  above. — ^Wem. 
Compare  this  use  of  the  term  hoodwink,  in  the  sense  of  a  covering,  with 
the— apparently — kindred  meaning  it  bears  in  the  following  passage : — 

•  Caliban,  Good  m^r  lord,  give  me  thy  favour  stilL 
Be  patient,  for  the  prize  I'll  bring  thee  to 
Shall  hoodwink  this  mischance ;....' 

Tempest,  IV.  i.  206. 

EOOFLOCK  [ufluk],  Pulverbatch.  [of-luk],  Cleb  Hills,  sb,  the 
fetlock  of  a  horse.  The  term  is  metaphorically  applied  to  clumsy 
ancles.  '  Whad  'uflocks  'er  'as ! — bif  to  the  anclers  lixe  a  Lancashire 
b&llock.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAI*  WORDS,  ETC  213 

HOOKEB  [ook'ur'],  sb.  a  large  quantity :  a  tenn  generally  employed  in 
combination  with  'pretty.'  Com.  *'My  eye !  we*n  got  a  pretty  'ooker 
o*  tail-ends  fur  the  fowl — the  Maister  hanna  forgot  us  this  time.* 

HOOKIHOS  [ook'inz],  «6.  j?!.  two  long  spells  of  work,  with  an 
interyal  of  rest  between. — Newpobt,  Cheswardine,  A  man  who 
works  bv  IiookingB,  i  e.  early  and  late,  with  an  intervening  *  siesta,*  is 
said  to  do  two  days'  work  in  the  twenty-four  hours.  An  arrangement 
corresponding  to  this  is  known  to  miners  as  *  double-shift.' 

HOOP  [oop-  and  wop'],  sh.,  obsols.  a  peck  measure. — Shrewsbury  ; 
PtTLYERBATOH.     '  G^io  pars  bin  so  chep,  they  binna  wuth  twopence  a 

In  the  Accounts  of  the  Ludlow  Churchwardens  for  the  year  1548  is 
the  following : — *  item  to  Coke  for  whitlymynge  the  churche  ij  dayes 
worke,  and  for  a  bushelle  and  a  whop  of  l3rme  xzd.  ob.' 

Price,  in  his  History  of  Oswestry^  quotes  an  old  ^accompt'  of  the 
third  year  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  which  contains  a  charge  for 
'  saullt,'  viz.,  *  Allso,  payde  for  a  hoope  of  saullt  for  the  byff  xd.,'  and 
another  for  *  a  hoope  of  whette  for  brede.' 

An  Inventory,  taken  at  Owlbury  Manor-House,  1625,  comprises — 

*  In  the  Corne  Chamber  over  the  Stables — one  strike,  one  hopp^  one 
halfeBushelL' 

*  According  to  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  the  hoop  contained  two 
pecks ;  but  in  his  Glossary,  p.  147,  he  says  only  one  peck.' — Hajl. 

HOOSACK  [oos'akj,  interf,  an  exclamation,  equivalent  to  'Eureka,* 
uttered  upon  finding  a  thing,  or  recovering  that  which  has  been  lost. 
— ^PuLVERBATCH.  *  Dick  fund  'is  knife  w'en  we  wun  gettin'  the 
barley-stack  in — ^I  'eard  *im  cry  *"oosack/**  an'  I  said,  **W*ast*ee 
fund,  Dick  P  "  an'  'e  says,  "  My  knife,  lad— Fm  perty  glad." ' 

HOOST  [oos't],  sh.  a  cough;  said  of  cattle. — Newport.  *The  cows 
ban  gotten  a  bit'n  a  *oosC 

'  Now  colic-grips,  an'  barkin'  Jioast^ 

May  kill  us  a'.' 
Bobebt  Burns,  Poems,  p.  9, 1.  9. 

Mr.  Oliphant,  speaking  of  the  Northumbrian  Psalter — ^a.d.  1250 — 
says,  'We  now  find  has  {raucus)  becomes  Jiaast;  hence  the  Scotch 
substantive  Iioast.  We  of  the  South  have  put  an  r  into  the  old 
adjective,  and  call  it  hoarse.*^ — Sources  of  Standard  English,  p.  150. 

'  Hoose,  or  cowghe  (host,  or  cowhe,  K.  host,  or  cowgth,  S.  boost, 
Harl.  MS.  2274).  Tussis.  "An  host,  tussis;  to  host,  tussire."— 
Cath.  Ano.'    Prompt,  Parv,  and  Notes, 

'A.S.  hw6sta;  O.Icel.  Msti ;  O.H.Germ.  ^t<o«fo;  O.Du.  hoesit,  host 
(bust),  ftM^.'—SxRAT.    Cf.  Haak. 

HOOTGHIirO  [uo'chin],  part  adj.  crouching ;  huddling. — Shrews- 
bury;   Atcham;   Pulverbatch;   Wem;   Ellesmere.    Qy.  com. 

*  Come  out — 'ootchin*  i*  the  cornel  theer.*     Hootching  is  generally  used 
with  reference  to  a  comer,  and  so  differs  from  Couch  (4),  q.  v. 

HOPPER  [op'ur*],  (1)  sh,,  obaoh,  a  kind  of  open  box  of — what  is 
technically  called — *  bend- ware,'  for  carrying  seed ;  it  is  slung  across 
the  shoulder  of  the  sower,  and  usually  rests  on  his  left  hip,  being 


214  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

hollowed  on  one  aide  to  fit  the  person,  whibt  on  its  outer  side  there 
Lb  a  short,  upright  handle,  by  which  he  holds  it — ^PultebbjlTCH  ; 
Clee  Hills. 

'  And  hange  myn  hoper  at  myn  hals  *  in  stede  of  a  scrippe ; 
A  btisshel  of  bredcome  *  brynge  me  ^er-inne ; 

For  I  wil  sowe  it  my-self. ' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B„  pass.  yi.  L  63. 

*  Seed  hopper  and  strap.' — Auctioneer' $  Catalogue  (Stoddesden),  1870. 

*  Hopur  of  a  seed  lepe  (or  a  seed-lepe,  Habl.  MS.  2274).  Satorium, 
•aticulum,  *^  Seminarium  vas  quo  ponitur  semen,  an  hopre." — Med.' 
Prompt,  Parv.  and  Notes, 

(2)  sh.  a  funnel  for  supplying  grain  to  the  mill-stonee.     Com. 

' .  .  right  by  the  hopper  wol  I  stand, 
(Quod  John)  and  seen  how  that  the  com  gas  in. 
Tet  saw  I  never  by  my  fader  kin, 
How  that  the  hopper  wagges  til  and  fra.' 

Chauceb,  C.  r.,  IL  4034—4037. 

*  Hopur  of  a  mylle,  or  a  tramale.  TaraJlantara. — ^Oath.  Farrieap- 
sium,  —  Dice.  "  An  hop3rT,  ferricapsa,  est  molendini ;  saHculum, 
saium,  seminarium.^ — Cath.  Ako.  The  proper  distinction  is  here 
made  between  the  hopper,  ...  so  termed  from  the  hopping  moye- 
ment  given  to  it,  and  the  seed-leep,  which  was  also  called  a  hopper, 
**  Hopper  of  a  myll,  tremye,^* — Palso.'    Prompt.  Parv.  and  Notes. 

*  A.S.  hoppere  (saltator),  hopper ;  (hoper)  in/undihulum,* — St&AT. 

*  InfundibUlum,  a  tunnell  whereinto  uquor  is  powred  when  vessels 
are  fiUed,  an  hopper  of  a  mill,  &c.* — DiaL  Etym.  Lot. 

HOPPEBrTSOVOH  [opur*  tr'uf],  sh,  a  Mud  of  booc  into  which  the 
grain  is  put  to  be  conveyed  between  the  mill-stones.  The  grain  nms 
out  of  the  trough,  through  the  hopper,  into  the  *  eye'  of  the  ii^psr 
mill-stone.  Com.  Mr.  Way  womd  seem  to  confound  the  hopper 
with  the  hopper 'trough,  when  he  says,  *the  hopper,  or  the  trough 
wherein  the  grain  is  put  in  order  to  be  ground,  mentioned  by  Chaucer, 
C,  T„  U.  4034—4037,  &c.'     See  Note  in  Prompt.  Parv,,  p.  246. 

HOPS  AVD  OnUDS,  same  as  Hobs  and  Girds,  q.  v.— Worthsk. 

EOKH  [aur'-n],  sb.  same  as  Hastener,  q.  v. — Pulvsrbatch. 

EOT  [ot],  V,  a.  to  make  hot ;  to  heat  Com.  ' Diaw  some  drink 
an'  ^ot  it  fur  the  men's  suppers.' 

HOTTB,  V.  a.,  var,  pr.  hold.     Cf.  Hout. 

HOTTB  TO'.    See  Hold  yo'. 

HOTJD  TOBE  '01TT.     See  Hold  your  hold. 

H0I7SEL  [ous'il],  ah.  household  goods. — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch. 
*  I  'ear  as  theer  s  to  be  two  days'  sale  at  the  "  George  "—one  fur  live 
stock,  an'  another  fur  'ousel.' 

HOUSEH  [ou'znl  sb.pL  houses.  Com.  ^^Ottwn  bin  despert  scase 
about  theer,  folks  dunna  shift  about  like  they  dun  i'  the  town,  they 
keepen  on,  one  generation  after  another.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  215 

HOITSE-PLACE,  sh.  the  large  kitchen,  or  general  living  room  of  a 
£eu*m-house. — ^Whttchubch. 

HOTTSIHG'  [ou'sin],  ah,^  obsols.  the  large  leather  cape  attached  to  the 
collar  of  a  waggon-horse's  gears,  which  can  he  raised  or  lowered  at 
will ;  when  laid  down,  it  serves  to  protect  the  horse's  neck  from  wet. 
Com. 

'  Hausse  de  cheval  de  hamoiSf  a  sheep  or  goat's  skin  laid  npon  the 
collar  of  a  team  horse.' — Chamb. 

HOTJT.     See  Hold. 

HOVE  [o&v],  pret  heaved;   lifted. — Clkk  Hxlus.     "E  come  an 
*ove  me  ont  o'  the  gig  afore  'e  'ove  'is  wife  out.* 

*  For  his  swerd  he  ho/m  heye, 
And  \>e  hand  he  dide  of  fleye, 
pat  he  smot  him  with  so  sore.' 

Havdoh  the  Dane,  I  2750. 
A.S.  hd/f  p.  t.  of  hebban,  lifted. 

HOVEL  [ovil],  (1)  sb.  aame  as  Cote. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulvbrbatch  ; 
Ellesmere.  Qy,  com.  *  Dnn'ee  call  that  a  'ouse  to  live  in  P — w'y 
it's  no  hotter  thiui  a  *dvil  far  cattle  to  'erd  in.' 

^  Hovyl  for  swyne,  or  o)>er  heestys.  CartabtUum,  caiabulum.^ — 
Prompt,  Parv, 

'  O.Lat.  Catabclum^  a  stahle ;  a  heast  house.' — Did,  Etym.  LaJt. 

(2)  eb,  a  shed  adjoining  a  cottage,  where  coal,  wood,  &c.  are  kept ; 
also  a  mean  dwelling-plax;e. — Fulverbatch.     Qy.  com. 
*  Hovyl^  lytylle  howse.     TegesJ — Prompt,  Parv, 
'  O.Lat.  TegestaSy  a  cover  or  cottage.' — Did.  Etym.  Lat. 

HOWOT  [ou-ji'],  (1)  adj,  huge.— Clun  ;  Cleb  Hills.  '  'E  fat  a  great 
*owgy  stwun  an'  piit  agen  the  gate,  so  as  it  shouldna  he  opened.' 

The  form  howgy  occurs,  according  to  1^.  HaUiwell,  in  Skelton, 
ii.  24.     '  Huge,  hougy,  is  found  in  Strat. 

(2)  adj.  large. — Ibid.  An  old  man  at  Clun  said  that  the  living  of 
that  place  was  not  very  *  ^owgy^  i.  e.  not  *  good '  or  *  rich.' 

(3)  adj.  *  great,'  meaning  very  intimate. — Ibid.  *  They  hin  gotten 
mignty  *owgy.*    C£  0reat  in  Qrammar  Outlines  (adjectives), 

# 

HITD  [ud-],  V.  a,  to  collect,  or  gather  together. — Ludlow.  *  Oh  Y  *ell 
he  sure  to  'ud  it  all  up.' 

HTJDDIMITK  [ud-i'muk],  v.  n.  to  do  things  on  the  sly. — Fulver- 
BATCH ;  Wem.  *  I  dunna  know  ahout  'em  hein'  so  poor — they  carri'n 
a  good  cheek,  an'  it  strikes  me  they'n  ^uddimuk  an'  junket  oy  thar- 
selves,  an'  al'ays  looken  poor  to  get  all  they  can.' 

HTTDDIMTJKEBT,  adj,  close;  sly:  as  in  hiding  away  money  or 
valuahies  of  any  kind. — Wellington  ;  Colliery  ;  Ellesmere.  *  I 
fund  a  hran'-new  shillin'  in  a  noud  canister,  w'en  I  wuz  clanin'  down 
that  top  shilf ;  I  'spect  Jim  'ad  piit  it  theer — ^I  dunna  like  sich  ^udder- 
mukery  ways.  *  Compare  the  two  fore^ing  terms,  expressive  of  secresy 
or  concealment,  with  O.E.  hude,  to  hide : — 


216  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  &  he  fal  listli  hem  ledes  *  to  ^t  loueli  SGhippe, 
&  taiut  bi-hinde  tunnes  *  hem  to  hude  ^ere. 

WtUiam  o/Paltme,  L  2743. 

Compare  them  also  with  'hugger-mugger'  in  the  following 
citations : — 

' the  people  muddied, 

Thick  and  unwholesome  in  their  thoughts  and  whispers, 
For  good  Polonius'  death ;  aod  we  have  done  but  greenly, 
In  hugger-mugger  to  inter  him.' — Samlet,  TV.  v.  84. 

'  But  one  thing  I  have  to  request,  proceeded  my  Uncle — It  is,  that 
we  may  haye  a  joyful  Day  of  it ;  and  that  aU  our  neighbours  and 

tenants  may  rejoice  with  us No  hugger-mugger  doings  — 

Let  private  weddings  be  for  doubtfdl  happiness.' — Sir  Charles  Grandi- 
•on,  vol.  vi  p.  280,  ed.  1766. 

Mr.  Oliphant  says  that,  T3n^dale  was  the  first  '  to  give  us  the  term 
*' hi^cer-muker"  which  has  been  but  little  changed.' — Sources  of 
Standard  English^  p.  294. 

It  would  seem  as  if  huddimuk  and  huddimukery  were  words  *  made 
up '  of  O.E.  hude  and  the  last  half  of  that  term  of  Tyndale's,  which 
he  brought  into  the  Mother  Tongue  in  the  sixteenth  century. 

HUF  [uf  •],  ab.,  var,  pr,  a  hoof.     Com. 

HUPP  \y^'\  9^'  ft  P^t ;  a  slight  fit  of  hasty  temper. — Ludlow.  Qy. 
com.    Of.  Miif. 

HUFFED  [uf't],  adj,  offended ;  put  out  of  temper.     Qy.  com. 

<  But  then  to  see  how  ve're  negleckit. 
How  huff^dy  an*  cuffd,  an'  disrespeckit !  ^ 

BoBERT  BuBjfS,  Poems,  p.  3, 1.  6. 

HUFFLE-FOOTED  [uM  fut-id],  same  as  Hnffle-heeled,  below.— 
Wem. 

EUFFLE  -  HEELEB,  adJ,  clumsy  -  footed  ;  shuffling  in  gait  — 
PuLVERBATCH.  *  *E'll  mak'  a  prime  militia-mon — ^w'y  'e's/ump- 
backed  an'  'uffle-^eded  !  I  call  it  a  waste  o'  the  king's  cloth,'  See 
Hooflock. 

HUFLOCK.     See  Hooflook. 

HTJO-A-HA-Tira,  same  as  Clip-me-tight,  q.  v.— Clee  Hills. 

MUK  [uk*],  ah,,  var.  pr,  a  hook.     Com. 

HVLKT  [ul-ki'J  adj,  heavy ;  stupid.— Wem. 

'  Imagin  her  with  thousand  virgins  guided 
Unto  her  fearefuU  toombe,  her  monster-grave : 
Imagin  how  the  hulky  divell  slyded 
Along  the  seas  smooth  breast,  parting  the  wave : 
Alasse  poore  naked  damsell  iU  provioed. 
Whom  millions  without  heavens  help  cannot  save.' 

Heywood,  Troia  Britanica,  1609,  in  Wr. 

HULL  {\)  ab,  an  outer  covering  or  husk,  as  of  nuts,  pease,  beans,  &c. 
Shrewsbury;  Pulvbrbatoh;  Clun;  Newport,  Qy.  com.  *  Chuck 
them  bean-'ttZ/«  o'er  to  the  pigs  afore  yo'  gin  'em  the  weeh.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC   217 

*  jffooUf  or  huske.  Stliqua,  ffoole  of  pesvn',  or  "benys,  or  o>er 
coddyd  finite.  Techa. — Cath.  in/resua.  In  tne  recipe  for  **  blaunche 
perreye"  it  is  directed  to  "  sethe  the  pesyn  in  fyne  leye/*  and  then 
rub  them  with  woollen  cloth,  and  "  \>e  holys  wyl  a- way." — Harl. 
MS.  279,  £  25.  "  Hull  of  a  beane  or  peso,  escosae.  Hull  or  barcke  of 
a  tree,  escorce,** — Palso.  **  Oous8e,  the  huake,  ewad,  cod,  hull  of 
beanes,  pease,  &c." — Goto.'    Prompt,  Parv,  and  Notes. 

*  Hull,  the  Cod  of  Pulse,  Chaff,  &c.'— Bailey,  ed.  1727. 
A.S.  hule;  O.Du.  huUe;  husk,  as  of  com,  &c.     Cf.  Hulling^. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  take  off  the  husks,  as  of  nuts ;  to  shell,  as  of  beans, 
pease,  &c — Ibid,  (1)  'I've  bin  *ulltn  walnuts  all  day,  so  I  shanna 
want  a  par  o'  gloves  fur  Sunday.*  (2)  '  Gie  Jinx  the  side-basket  o* 
pase,  an'  'e'll  ^ull  'em  afore  'e  gwuz  to  church,  an'  throw  the  pessum 
to  the  pigs.' 

'Bestes  to  hulde'  occurs  in  William  of  Pal  erne,  L  1708.  Hulde  is 
explained  in  the  Olossarial  Index,  p.  280,  '  to  flay,  to  take  off  the 
covering  or  hide ; '  and  Sir  Frederick  Madden's  note  on  the  word  is 
quoted  as  follows : — *  **  From  the  same  root  proceeds  the  modem  verb 
to  hull,  to  take  off  the  htdl  or  husk.  It  corresponds  to  the  Goth,  and" 
huljan,  Lu.  x.  22.    Hence  also  A.S.  hyldere,  a  butcher." ' 

(3)  V.  a.  to  take  off,  as  of  the  crust  of  a  pie,  or  to  lift  up  the  meat 
In  it,  to  get  to  that  which  lies  beneath. — Ptjlveebatch.  *  Yo'  bin 
'u7/m'  an'  ortin'  that  pie  as  if  it  wunna  fit  to  ate.' 

EULLIN&  [uMn],  ah,  the  binding  of  a  book. — Wellington. 

*  O.H.Germ.  nullen;  Goth,  huljan;  O.Icel.  hylj'a,  to  hill;  to  cover/ 
— Strat.     See  Killing. 

HTJLLOCK  [ul'uk],  sb,  a  lazy,  worthless  fellow. — Clee  Hills.  Cf. 
Hulk  (1),  in  Hal. 

HIJMBER  [umbur'],  sb,  the  common  Cockchafer. — Clee  Hills. 
Compare  *  Humher  [of  Hummen,  Teut.  to  make  a  humming  Noise, 
because  it  flows  with  a  murmuring  Noise],  the  Name  of  a  £ver,'  in 
Bailet,  ed.  1727. 

*O.Du.  hommden  {bombilarey — Strat.  Cf.  Blind-buzzard  (1), 
also  Huz-buz. 

UUMOTTESOHE  fyoo'mur'sum],  adj,  peevish;  out  of  temper;  in  a 
state  of  mind  when  nothing  pleases. — Pulveebatch;    Newport; 
Wem  ;  Ellesmbre.     *  The  child's  well  enough,  but  'e's  spiled  till  'e's 
that  'umouname  'e  dunna  know  whad  to  do  ^th  'isself.' 
Compare  Shakespeare's  '  humorous '  in  a  similar  sense : — 

'  Yet  such  is  now  the  duke's  condition, 
That  he  misconstrues  all  that  you  have  done. 
The  duke  is  Atimorou^ ;    .    .     .    .' 

Aa  You  Like  It,  L  ii.  277. 

Humoursome  is  employed  at  Burford  (Salop)  with  the  signification 
of  good,  or  pleasant,  in  regard  of  temper. 

HUNT  [unt-],  r.  a.,  pec.  to  search  for.  Com.  '  Han  yo'  sin  the 
kav  o'  the  one-w'y-drink  ?  I've  bin  'untin*  it  up  an'  down — ^likely 
an  onUkely — an'  canna  find  it  now'eer.'  *It  wuz  o'  the  shilf  i'  the 
comel-cubbert  the  las'  time  I  sid  it,  but  if  it  inna  theer  now,  yo' 
mun  *unt  till  yo'  find'n  it,  an'  then  yore  labour  5onna  be  lost.' 


218  8HR0PSHIRK  WORD-BOOK. 

*  Seek  till  you  find,  and  you^ll  not  loee  your  labour.' 

Bat's  Provtrb»,  p.  155. 

HXTBDEV,  same  as  Herden,  q.  v. 

'What  from  the  hurden  smock,  with  lockram  upper  bodies,  and 
hempen  sheets,  to  wear  and  sleep  in  hoUand.' — ^B.  ^&OMS  (first  half 
17th  cent.),  New  Acad.,  liL  p.  47,  in  Nares. 

ETJBB8,  same  as  Herdes,  a.  t. 

'  Now  that  part  [of  the  flax]  which  is  utmost,  and  next  to  the  pill 
or  rind,  is  called  tow  or  hurds,* — Hollaitd's  Pliny,  yol.  iL  p.  4,  in 
Nares. 

EJIBXTFTTL  [u-rTfal],  adj\  quick;  hasty;  precipitant.— Pulvto- 
BATCH ;  Clee  Hills.  '  It  inna  the  *umful  sort  o'  folk  as  brioflen 
the  most  to  pass,  fur  they  runnon  about  atiiout  thar  yed  56th  'em. 

EmtST  [ur's't],  (1)  «&.  a  wooded  eminence  or  knoll. — Clun. 

' .     . From  each  rising  hurtt. 

Where  many  a  goodly  oak  had  carefully  been  nursed.' 

Drayton. 

Hurst,  in  combination,  is  of  not  infrequent  occurrence  as  a  place- 
name  throughout  Salop : — BlackAur^t,  BrockAur^^,  HollyAurai,  Under- 
hur$ty  lA\y hurst,  MudAtir«<,  &c. 

Bailey  says — ed.  1727— '-ffur**,  joined  with  the  Names  of  Places, 
denotes  that  they  took  their  Name  from  a  Wood  or  Forest.' 

(2)  sh,  a  bed  of  shingle  in  the  Seyem  is  called  a  hurst, — Much 
.  Wen  LOCK. 

'  Du.  horst,  a  brake,  bushy  place ;  G«rm.  horst,  a  tuft  or  cluster,  as 
of  grass,  com,  reeds,  a  clump  of  trees,  heap  of  sand,  crowd  of  peopla' 
— Wedo. 

EIJ&TEB  [ur'-tur*],  sh,  an  iron  plate  edged  with  steel,  fastened — ^by 

*  langets '  or  stays — on  to  the  axle  of  a  *  tumbrel '  to  keep  the  wheel 
from  wearing  into  the  axle-tree  :  the  steel  edge  works  against  the 

•  boukin,'  q.  v. — Pulverbatch.    Qy,  com. 

HITS  [us'],  ah,  house,  in  composition: — wain-'M^  oow-'iu^  bake-'itf, 
brew-'tM,  maut-'tM,  ^c.     Com. 

Compare  '  sceapa-^tM,'  '  com-AtM,'  '  mealt-AiM,'  Ac,  in  the  Supple- 
ment to  ^f/ric's  Vocabulary,  x.  or  xi.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  yoL  i  p.  58. 

A.S.  hus,  a  house. 

HUSPEL  [us-pill  V.  a.  to  drive  away ;  to  put  to  rout. — Corvb  Dale  ; 
Wellington  ;  Wem  j  Ellesmere.  *  I'll  'uspel  yo'  childem  off  that 
causey,  yo'  bin  jest  like  a  kerry  o'  'ounds  up  an'  down : '  so  said  a 
Welshampton  woman  [1873]. 

*  Hu9pylyn\  or  spoylyii'.  Spolio,  diapoh'o.  In  old  French  hous- 
pouillier,  or  harpailleur,  implies  a  thievish  marauder,  *'  homme  qui 
vole  les  geus  de  la  campagne,  vagabond,'* — ^BOQUEF.  **  S*houspitter 
run  r autre,  to  tug,  lug,  hurry,  tear  one  another,  &c."  —  Ooxa' 
Prompt,  Parv.  and  Notes, 

Cf.  HeapeL 

EirSBT,  HUSWIFE  [uz-i*],  Clbb  Hills,  [uz-if],  Pulverbatch; 
Ellesmere,  $b,,  pec,,  obsols,  a  case  fbr  holding  sewing  materials,  such 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  219 

as  thread,  needles,  and  buttons.  It  is  made  of  a  strip  of  some  suitable 
material,  and  is  fitted  up  with  longitudinal  *  casings '  for  the  thread, 
and  with  pockets  for  the  buttons,  &c.  It  rolls  up  when  not  in  use, 
and  fastens  with  a  loop  and  button. 

HVZ-BTJZ,  eh.  same  as   Blind-bnzsard,  q.  ▼.  —  Colliery.      Cf. 
Humber. 


-lEB,  a  noun  suffix  =  er,  as  in  drovter,  grozter,  hauher,  q.  y. 
Tiller  for  tiller  is  found  in  the  Wycliffite  version  [A-D.  1388],  Luke 
xiii.  7 :  *  And  he  seide  to  the  tilier  of  the  vyn^erd.*  The  plural  tilierU 
occurs  in  Luke  xx.  9 :  '  A  man  plauntide  a  yynjerd,  and  hiride  it  to 
tUieris.* 

IFTIH  'AV'-AHBIH*,  eb,  hesitation.— Shrewsbury.  <  I  axed  that 
65man  about  the  weshin',  an'  after  a  good  bit  o'  iftiW-an''andin'  *er 
said  Wd  come— but  'er  didna  seem  to  car'  about  it/ 

HDfil'd],  V.  w.,  var.  pr.  to  yield. — Pulverbatch  ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmerb. 

*  'Ow  does  the  com  ild,  William  ? '  *  Well,  but  mighty  middlin\  the 
ears  bin  lathy— theer  wuz  a  djel  o*  strung  winde  Ven  it  wuz  in  blow, 
an'  knocked  it  about.' 

Compare  Shakespeare's  'tW — 'God  VW  you:' — Aa  You  Like  It, 
in.  iii.  76. 

JLL-BLEBDED,  adj,  morose ;  bad-tempered. — Pulverbatch  ;  Cleb 
Hills  ;  Wem.  '  'E's  a  ill-blended,  down-looking,  hang-dog  fellow  as 
ever  yo'  sid'n.' 

ILL-CO VTBi VJSB,  adj.  bad-tempered ;  cross-grained. — Pulverbatch. 

*  Yo'  bin  as  contrairy  an'  ilUcontrived  as  yo'  knowen  'ow  to  be,  but  it 
56nna  be  lung  till  May-Day,  then  yo'  sha'n  g6d  somew'eer  else  to 
shewn  yore  tempera' 


fim'bur'z],  ah,  ph^  var.  pr.  embers. — Pulverbatch  ;  Wem. 
'  The  fire^  tak'  no  'arm,  theei's  nuthin'  but  a  few  imbers  i'  the  grate.' 

IMITATE,  V.  n.,  pec.  to  attempt. — Wem;  Ellesmbre.  ^'E's  bin 
imitatin*  at  drivin'  the  'orses  the  las'  wik  or  two,  but  'e  inna-d-up  to 
much.'    [Common  in  Norfolk. — ^W.  W.  S.].    Cf.  Make  a  mook. 

nCPy  8h.  a  scion ;  a  slip ;  a  shoot. — Gorve  Dale  ;  Glee  Hills. 

' ''I  was  sum  tyme  a  frere, 

And  ^e  couentes  Gardyner  *  for  to  graffe  ympes." ' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  v.  1.  137. 

*  '* Impe,  or  graffe.     Surculus,  novella" — Cath.'    Prompt,  Parv. 

*  Dan.  ympe ;  Swed.  ymp,  imp,  surctdueJ — Strat. 

IMPLE  [im-pl],  adj.  same  as  Ample,  q.  v. — Glee  Hill& 

DTCH-MEAL,  adv.  inch  by  inch ;  little  by  little ;  minutely,  as  in 
seeking  for  a  thing.— Clsb  Hills.  *  Well,  it  oonna  be  theer,  I've 
looked  it  inch^meul? 


220  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  Caliban,  All  the  infections  that  the  sun  sucks  up 
From  bogs,  fens,  flats,  on  Prosper  £bI1  and  make  him 
By  inch-meal  a  disease ! ' — Tempest,  TL  ii.  3. 

IHCH-SMALL,  same  as  Incli-meaL — ^Wem.     See  Iiu-anall. 

nr  GOOD  BEHOPES,  phr,  hopefuL— Wem  ;  Ellesbteius.  '  I  wuz 
in  good  he* opes  as  I  should  a  got  theer  afore  the  poor  fellow  died,  but 
I  didna.' 

IN  OOOD  SADNESS,  phr,  in  good  earnest ;  in  all  seriousness. — 
PULVERBATCH ;  Wem.  (1^  *  Now  sot  about  that  job  in  good  BodnesB, 
as  if  yo'  manen  to  do  it/  (2)  *  If  s  sure  to  be  the  truth,  for  'e  toud  me 
in  right  good  sadnesa.' 

*  M,  Mery.  .  .  And  will  ye  needes  go  from  ys  thus  in  very  deede  ? 
R.  Boyster,  Yea,  in  good  fadneffe.^ 

Roister  Doister,  Act  iij.  Sc  iij.  p.  46. 

*  Therfor  30,  britheren,  bifor  witynge  kepe  30U  silf,  lest  30  be  dis- 
8e3rued  bi  errour  of  ynwise  men,  and  falle  awei  fro  20ure  owne  sadness 
[a  propriSi  Jirmitate,  Vulg.].' — 2  Pet,  iii.  17,  Wicliffite  Version,  ed. 
A.D.  1388. 

*  "  Sad,  Sadly  t  Scidness,^  says  Archbp.  Trench,  **  had  once  the  mean- 
ing of  earnest,  eerious,  sedate,  **  set,  this  last  being  only  another 
form  of  the  simo  word.  The  passage  from  Shakespeare  quoted 
below  marks  *'  si  ly''  and  **  sadness"  in  their  transitional  state  from 
the  old  meaning  t  *  the  new;  Benvolio  using  '* sadness"  in  the  old 
sense,  Bomeo  pretending  to  understand  him  in  the  new. 

**  Ben,  Tell  me  in  sadness  who  she  is  you  love  ? 
Bom,  What,  shall  I  groan,  and  tell  you  ? 
Ben,  Groan?  why,  no; 

But  sadly  tell  me  who. 

Bomeo  and  Juliet,  I.  i.  205.' 

Select  Glossary,  pp.  192,  193. 
Of.  *  Sadnesse,  Soliditas,  maiuritas.  Sadnesse,  yn  porte  and  chore  idenh 
est.^ — Prompt,  Parv. 

nr  GOOD  SOOTH,  phr,,  ohs.  of  a  truth ;  indeed.— Pulverbatch  ; 
WoBTHEN.  *  Theer*s  bin  parlour-laisers  theer  all  wik — in  good  sooth^ 
I  amma  gwei'n  to  scrape  thar  orts  after  *em.' 

'  Kent,  Sir,  in  good  sooth,  in  sincere  verity, 
Under  the  allowance  of  your  great  aspect. 

Whose  influence * 

K,  Lear,  IL  ii.  111. 
A.S.  s6^,  truly ;  verily ;  of  a  truth. 

INION  [ei'ni*un],  sb.,  var.  pr,  an  onion. — Shrewsbubt;  Pulvbr- 
BATOH.    See  0  (15)  (16)  (17)  in  Grammar  Outlines  {vouiels,  &c), 

IHKLE  [ingk'l],  sb.,  oba,  coarse  tape. — Pulverbatch.  'If  yo'  bin 
gpveln  to  markit,  be  so  good  as  bring  me  a  pen*orth  o*  inkle  for  my 
linsey  appam — nod  Vite — if  yo^  canna  get  it  striped,  bring  blue  caddas.* 

*  Serv,  He  hath  ribbons  of  all  the  colours  i'  the  rainbow  .  .  . 
inkles,  caddisses,  cambrics,  lawns.* — Winter* s  Tale,  IV.  iv.  8. 

'  As  thick  as  inkle  weavers.' — Proverbial  Saying, 
Of.  OaddM. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  221 

TS  LUSU  J^in  loo*],  adv.  instead ;  in  exchange  for. — Pulvbrbatch. 
*  The  Maister  said  'e'd  gie  me  the  top  adlant  i'  the  **  Bed-buts  "  fur 
tatoe  ground,  an'  'e  mun  'a  a  couple  o*  days  work  i'  the  'arr6o8t 
in  lieu,* 

*  But,  poor  old  man,  thou  prunest  a  rotten  tree, 
That  cannot  so  much  as  a  blossom  yield 

In  lieu  of  all  thy  pains  and  husbandry.' 

As  You  Like  It,  II.  iii.  65. 
Cf.  Fr.  au  lieu  de.    See  Intuxn. 

IHSEVSE  [insen's],  v,  a,  to  instruct ;  to  make  clear  to  the  under- 
standing. Com.  '  If  'e  dunna  bring  the  things  right  I  canna  'elp 
it — I  insejised  *im  well  into  it,' 

*  The  olde  bokes  of  Glastonbury  shall  you  ensence, 
More  plainly  to  ynderstande  this  forsayd  matere.' 

The  Lyfe  of  loseph  of  Armathia,  1.  363. 

' .  .  .  Don  John  your  brother  incensed  me  to  slander  the  Lady  Hero. 
— Much  Ado  about  Nothing^  V.  i.  242. 

Bay  has,  *  To  Inaenae,  to  inform :  a  pretty  word  used  about  Sheffield, 
in  Yorkshire* 

IHSI6HT  [in-sit],  sb,  the  entrance  into  the  'workings'  from  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft.    Com. — ^M.  T. 

IHS-SKALL.  See  Inch-small,  of  which  it  is  a  corrupted  form. — 
Pulvbrbatch.  *  I've  sarched  the  'ouse  ijia-emally  an*  canna  find  it 
'igh,  low,  nor  level.* 

ni-TAK  [in'tak],  sh.  an  in-take,  i  e,  a  piece — say  an  acre  or  there- 
abouts— of  reclaimed  waste  land,  enclosed  and  taken  into  a  farm. — 
Wem  ;  Ellesmebe.  *  I  'ad  forecasted  to  a  laid  the  new  in-tak  down 
[sown  it  with  permanent  grass  seed]  this  time,  but  I  doubt  I  canna 
manage  it  now.'    Cf.  Bytiack. 

nr  THE  FACE  0'  FLESH,  phr.,  ohsols,  equivalent  to  <  in  the  body.' 
— ^Wem.  *  Eh,  dear !  but  I'm  reet  glad  to  see  yo'  in  the  face  o*  flesh 
agen  after  aU  this  lung  time.' 

UNTUAN  [intur'n-],  adv,  instead. — Shrewsbury;  Ludlow,  *ril 
do  it  inturn  o'  yo'.'     Cf.  In  lieu. 

HTWA&DS  [in'ur'dz],  sb.  the  heart,  liver,  &c.  of  a  pig  or  lamb. — 
Wem. 

*  Jniestina,  smfel  Joannas,  vel  inneweard,'  occurs  in  Archhp^  JElfric^s 
Vocabulary t  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  44. 

ISS.     See  Tes. 

ISTERBT  [is-tur'di'],  adv.,  var.  pr.  yesterday.  Qy.  com.  '  IstenVy 
wuz  a  wik   =  yesterday  week. 

IT,  conj.,  var,  pr,  yet.     Com. 

ITEM  [ei'tum],  sb.^  pee,  a  hint. — Shrewsbury.  Qy.  com.  *  I  sid 
the  Maister  comiu',  so  I  gid  'im  the  item,* 

*  My  Uncle  took  notice,  that  Sir  Charles  had  said,  he  guessed  at  the 


222  SHROPSHIRB  WORD-BOOK. 

writer  of  the  note.  He  wished  he  would  g[iTe  him  an  item,  ua  he  called 
it,  whom  he  thought  oVSir  CKarle$  Oranditan,  toL  Ti.  p.  266,  ed. 
1766w 

IV  VX  pvi'],  sh,f  var.  pr.  Hedera  Helix,  commoii  Ivy.     Com. 

'  'Oily  an'  iwy  wun  runnin'  a  raoe, 
'Oily  gid  iwy  a  smack  i'  the  face ; 
Iwy  run  wham  to  tell  'is  Mother, 
'OUy  run  after  'un  an'  gid  'im  another.* 

Children's  Doggtrd  Verte. 


JACK  pak*],  (1)  $h.  Corvus  numidtda,  the  Jackdaw. — Bridgnorth. 

(2)  tib.  Ebox  lUcitUf  a  (young)  Pike. — ^Ellbsmebe. 

(3)  sb.f  obs,  a  drinking  yessel  of  leather.  A  Jack  of  this  kind  was 
preserved  until  quite  a  recent  period  at  Corra — ^the  Oalverhall  of  the 
Ordnance  map — not  far  from  Whitchurch  (Salop).  It  was  shown  in 
the  Art  Treasures'  Exhibition  at  Wrexham,  1876,  and  was  catalogued, 
'  1075.  Leather  Jack  (pint)  mounted  with  silver  rims,  inscribed— 

**  Jack  of  Carrow  is  my  name. 
Don't  abuse  me  then  for  shame." 

— ^Mr.  Whitehall  Dod.|  A  local  tradition  was  formerly  current 
at  Corra  that  a  certain  traveller,  half  dead  with  fatigue,  being 
helped  on  his  way  by  a  refreshing  draught  of  nut-brown  ale  at 
that  place,  by  way  of  thank-offering,  charged  his  estate  with  a  sum 
of  money  yearly,  to  provide  a  Jack  of  ale  at  a  cost  of  Id.  for 
future  wayfarors  in  Corra.  The  village  inn  at  the  present  day  [1879] 
is  called  *  The  Old  Jack.' 

There  is  an  account  of  the  Jack  of  Corra,  substantially  the  same  aa 
that  given  above,  in  Baoshaw's  HUiory^  OazeUeer,  Ac,  of  8hrop$hire^ 
1851,  p.  305. 

Minsheu  (ed.  1617)  has,  '6013.  A  Jacke  of  Leather  to  drink  in, 
because  it  somewhat  resembles  a  Jacke  or  coat  of  maile ;  Yi.  Jugget 
Pot.' 

Phillips— iVeu;  PTorW  of  Wtyrda,  7th  ed.,  1720 -gives,  amongst  other 
meanings  of  the  word  Jack,  that  of  '  a  sort  of  great  leathern  Pitcher 
to  put  frink  in.' 

Ash  has,  '  Jack^  a  kind  of  leather  cup,  a  large  jug  for  liquor.' 

Mr.  Halliwell  says  that  Jack  'has  tiie  same  meaning  as  Bla^' 
jack'  which  he  glosses,  *  a  larffe  leather  can  formerly  m  great  um 
for  small  beer.'  %oth  Grose  and  Pegge  give  the  term  Jack  as  signi- 
fying a  measure ;  t&e  former  says,  *  half  a  pint,'  the  latter,  '  a  quarter 
A  a  pint.' 

JACK-A-DANST,  $h,  the  dancing  light  sometimes  seen  on  wall  or 
ceiling,  reflected  from  the  sxmshme  on  water,  ^lass,  or  other  bright 
surface. — Newpobt.  The  same  term  is  appbed  to  a  lady  in  the 
following  verse,  and  apparently  with  a  Kindred — meiaphorical— 
sense  :-^ 


GLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  223 

*  My  love  is  blithe  and  bucksome, 
And  Bweet  and  fine  as  can  be  : 
Fresh  and  gay  as  the  flowers  in  May, 
And  lookes  like  Jack-a- Dandy, ^ 
Song,  *  Harry  and  Mary^^  in  Wit  and  Drollery,  1682. 

JACK-AIT-'IB-CHEM  [team],  sb,,  obsA  Ursa  Major, — Pulvbrbatch. 

JACK-AHS-HIS-WAOOOV,  idem. — ^Pulyerbatoh  ;  Ellesmerb. 

JACK-AHD-HIS-WADT,  iVf^m.— Oswestry.    Of.  Charles's  Wain. 

JACK-DOXJKEB,  same  as  Donker,  q.  v. — Weh. 

JACK-KICOL  [jak  nik'u'l],  sb.  FHngilla  carduMis,  the  Goldfinch. 
— Wem;  Ellesmebe. 

JACE-0*-THE-IiAHTHOBB',  eb.,  obs.  the  Ignis  fatuu8.^ChSR  Hills. 
Of.  Devil's-lontuxL 

JACK-O'-TWO-SIBES,  sb.  Ranunculus  arvensis. — ^Wellington,  High 
Ercail,    See  Bevii's  Ourry-oomb,  slso  Worry-wbeat. 

JACK-PLAYHE  [jak  plaayn],  sb,,  var,  pr,  the  first  plane  used  for 
taking  off  rough  surfaces. — Clun.  Jack-plane,  as  usually  pronounced, 
is  a  common  enough  term. 

JACK-SQUEALEB  [jak  squai-lur'],  sb,  Cppselus  apus,  the  Swift.— 
Chttrch  Stretton;  Bribqnorth.  Qy.  com.  This  bird's  loud 
piercing  cry  has  obtained  for  it  the  name  of  squealer, 

JACK-STOVES,  (1^  sb.  pi.  pebbles — usually  white  ones — used  in 
playing  the  game  known  by  the  same  name.    Qy.  com.    See  below. 

(2)  sb.  a  children's  game  played  with  stones. — Ibid.  Ck>n8iderable 
dexterity  is  required  in  throwing  up  and  catching  the  Jack'stones — five 
in  number — and  the  game  throughout  is  a  pretty  and  interesting  one. 

JACK-STEAW,  sb.  Curruca  einerea,  common  Whitethroat. — 
Shrewsbury.  The  name  of  Jack-straw  is  given  to  this  bird  from  the 
straw-like  material  with  which  it  builds  its  nest.    Of.  Flax. 

JACK-TILES,  sb.  pi.  roofing-tiles,  so  called  from  the  place  where 
they  are  made — Jack^fteld,  Broseley  (Salop). 

JACK-VP-THE-OECHABD,  sb.  a  ihxe&t—ignHumpro  terribile.  Com. 
'  If  yo'  dunna  tak'  car*  Fll  shewn  yo'  Jack-up4he-orchui.* 

JAO  [jag*],  (1)  V.  a,  to  carry  hay,  &c.  in  a  cart. — Colliery.  Qy. 
com.    Der.  'jagger.'    Of.  Haul. 

(2)  sb.  a  small  cart-load.  Qv.  com.  'Tak'  the  light  waggin  an' 
&tch  them  tuthree  lilkin's,  they  n  on'v  be  a  bit  of  a  jag.' 

'  A  Ja^ji  of  Hay  is  a  small  load  of  hay.' — Academy  ^  Armory^  Bk* 
nL  ch.  lii.  p.  73. 

(8)  same  as  Ohag,  q.  t.— Wsir. 

JAOOSR,  sb,  one  who  carts  for  hire.  Qy.  com.  *  So  John  Ivans  is 
turned  jogger,  I  'ear ! '  *  Aye,  an'  it's  a  poor  ja^/  'e'U  mak'  on  it,  fur  I 
dunna  know  w'ich  is  the  biggest  drummil,  'im  or  the  owd  'oise.'  Cf. 
Haulier. 


224  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK, 

JAOOLE  [jagi],  r.  a.  to  cut  badly  and  unevenly. — ^Pulverbatch. 
*  Them  scithors  mun  g6o  to  Soseb'ry  to  be  grond — jest  look  'ow  they 
jagglen  the  stuff — isomebody's  bin  nosin'  an'  taylin'  faib'ries  ooth  'em.' 
Cf.  Haggle  (I). 


JASGtLnSQ  [jang'lin],  part  adj,  the  idle  talking  which  is  fruitful 

Com.     *  Them  women  bin 
mind  thar  own  business. 


of  *  evil  speaking,  lyine,  and  slandering.'    Com.     '  Them  women  bin 
al'ays  janglin* — ^it  65d  look  better  on  'em  to 


an*  let  other  folks  mind  thars.' 

'  Jangling^  is  whan  man  speketh  to  moche  before  folk,  and  clappeth. 
as  a  mille,  and  taketh  no  kepe  what  he  sayth.' — Chaucer,  The 
Personea  Tale  {De  Superbia), 

*  Iangelyn\  or  iaveryn'.  Oar(v}ulo,  hlatero.  "  langltTy  to  jangle, 
prattle,  tattle  saucily,  or  scurvily." — CoTO.'    Prompt,  Parv,  and  Notes^ 

*  Du.  jangelen ;  O.Fr.  jangUr^  to  jangle,  garrirey  Naterare.' — Stkat. 

*  II  faut  chercher  une  (autre)  origine  kjangler^  et  elle  se  trouye  sans 
doute  dans  le  hollandais  yani/eZ-en." — Bub. 

JANKIWEERT-F&EEZE-THE-POT-BT-THE-FIBE,  sK  the  month 
of  January. — Pulvebbatch.    Qy.  com. 

'  A  kindly  good  Janiu^ere, 
Frieaeth  pat  by  the  fSere.* 

TussEB,  Januaries  husbandries 

*  Janiveer  freeze  the  pot  by  the  fire. 
If  the  grass  grow  in  Janiveer, 
It  grows  the  worse  for't  all  the  year.' 

Bay's  Proverbs,  p.  33. 
See  Febriwerry-flll-diclie, 

JAEF.    See  (1)  Dam,  (2)  D^nu 

JAB8EY  [jaa-r'zi'],  (1)  sb.,  obs,  the  fine  combings  of  wool. — Pulveb- 
batch. 

*  Jersey  is  the  finest  Wool  taken  out  of  other  sorts  of  Wool  by 
combing  it  with  a  Jersey-Comb.' — Academy  of  Armory ,  Bk.  TIT,  ch. 
vi.  p.  286. 

Aish  has,  '  Jersey,  Combed  wool  prepared  for  spinning,  yam  spun 
from  combed  wool.'  And  he  gives,  as  the  adjective  from  this,  '  Jersey, 
made  of  Jersey,*    See  below. 

(2)  eb. ,  obs.  a  coarse  fabric  of  loose  texture,  made  of  'jarsey '  sptin 
into  worsted. — Ibid,  '  As  coa'se  as  jarsey'  is  a  proverbial  saying  still 
extant,  and  applied  to  any  material  of  inferior  quality.  Der.  '  jarsey- 
hillin'.' 

(3)  sb,y  obsols.,  si.  ?  the  hair. — Ibid,  *  Yo'  wanten  yore  jarsey  CK^t' 
Compare  the  slang  term  *  Jazey,*  a  wig — *  the  cove  with  ike  jazey^  i.  e. 
the  tfudge.'    See  Slang  Dictionary^  p.  161. 

JAASEY-HILUH',  sb.,  obs,  a  bed-covering  of  'jarsey  *  (2)  quilted 
with  refuse  wool-combings  between  the  double-fold  material. —  Ibid. 
*  1  think  yo*  bin  prepared  fui  the  winter  65th  two  par'  o'  blankets  an' 
a  jarsey' ilUn\* 

*  One  payre  of  gerey  blanketts  *  is  comprised  in  an  Inventory  .... 
Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1626. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  225 

See  Wat  in  Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  240.    CI  Bed-hillin',  also  Fustian 
blankets. 

JARSET-WOOLSET,  sb,,  ohs.  a  dress  material  cnimingly  woven  of 
fine  worsted  yam  and  linen  thread — ^warp  and  woof  often  of  diverse 
colours,  as  of  dark  blue  and  orange,  or  brown,— a  pretty  fabric  of 
changine^  hue  and  serviceable  quality,  entirely  '  home-made.' — Ibid. 
'Aye,  theer's  nuthin^  wars  like  the  owd-fashioned  Jaraey-ddlseyy  it 
beats  yore  merinoes  out  o'  sight. ' 

JAUBDEBrS  [jon'dur'z],  sb,,  var.  pr.  the  jaundice.  Com.  'Poor 
owd  mon  I  ^e  s  bin  bad  a  lungful  tune,  an'  now  they  sen  it's  turned  to 
the  black  yawnArtf.'    Cf.  Yallow-wort. 

JAWM.    See  Chimley-jawm  and  Door-jawms. 

*  The  Jaumt8  or  Peers,  the  window  Sides.' — Academy  of  Armory ^ 
Bk-  ni.  ch.  xiiL  p.  473. 

JAZEY  [jai'zi*],  »ft.,  obs.  %  a  form  of  the  (woman's)  name  Joyce — 
there  was  a  Jazey  Humphreys  at  Castle  Pulverbatch  [1838]. 

JEALOXrST  [jelni'si'],  sb,  Sedum  rupestre,  St.  Vincent's  Rock  Stone- 
crop  (garden  plant). — Pulverbatch,  Aracott,    See  Link-moss* 

JED,  adj\y  var.  pr,  dead.  Com.  See  Grammar  Outlines  (ccmson- 
anU),  D  (1)  for  similar  examples. 

JEF-EABS.    See  Beaf-ears. 

JEF-HTJTS.    See  Deaf-nnts. 

JEHHT-SAILS,  sb.  the  tramway. — Collibrt  ;  M.  T. 

JJfiJXJN  IL-WAQOOiNf  sb.  the  truck — loosely  hooped  with  iron  round 
the  load — on  which  coal  or  iron-stone  comes  up  the  pit,  and  is  pushed 
from  the  pif  s  mouth  by  the  •  bonkies.' — Collieby  ;  M.  T. 

JEOW.     See  Dsw. 

[jur'-ks],  sb.  the  heart,  liver,  and  lights  of  ^  Iamb. — Wem. 


Cf.  Pummice. 

JERirSALEM  STAB,  sb.  Hypericum  cahjcinum,  large-flowered  St. 
John's  Wort  (garden  plant). — Pulverbatch,  Hnnwood, 

JESSTIP  [jes'up  and  jez'up],  sb.  juice ;  syrup  out  of  fruit  pies  and 
pudding — ^PuiiVERBATCH ;  Newport ;  Wem.  'Wen  the  rubub's  so 
young  it  gwuz  all  to  jezzupp  an'  w'en  the  puddin'  's  cut  it's  nuthin' 
but  duff.' 

JETH,  JETH-PIHCH.     See  Death  and  Death-pinch. 

JETTT  [jet-i'],  (1)  r.  n.  to  agree;  to  be  in  concord. — ^Wem.  *The 
new  cow  jetties  reet  well  alung  wuth  the  others.* 

(2)  sh.  a  state  of  evenness  or  uniformity. — Ibid.  '  The  new  buildin' 
an  the  'ouse  bin  all  of  a  jetty  ^^  i.  e.  not  detached — all  under  one  roof. 

Shakespeare  has  jutty  with  exactly  the  opposite  meaning — that  of 
projection : — 

Q 


'2'^G  SliH01»SHlRE  WORD-BOOK. 

• No  Jntty^  friezo, 

Buttress,  nor  coign  of  yantago/ 

Macbeth  J  I.  vi.  6. 

JlOOnr.     See  Waggoners'  Words  to  horses. 

JIMMT  [jim'i'],  afh\  airily ;  jauntily. — Pdlverbatch  ;  Worthbn  ; 
Wem.  *The  owd  mon  au'  (mman  wun  comin*  alung  together  aa 
jimmy  as  yo'  plasen.' 

JIVE,  r.  a.  and  v.  n.,  r/ir.  ^^r.  to  join.  Com.  It  is  related  of  a 
certain  parish  clerk  of  Upton  Magna,  that  upon  one  occasion,  when 
there  was  a  *  strike  *  amongst  the  village  choir,  he  found  himself  com- 
pelled to  sing  *  solo ' — he  managed  to  go  through  one  yerse,  then  he 
stonped,  turned  with  an  appealing  look  to  tiiie  congregation,  and 
said,  *  Them  as  can  Jine,  come  jine,  come  Jine,  fur  it's  a  misery  to  he 
athisn  !  * 

JOB  [job*],  V.  a.  to  pierce  or  stab  suddenly  with  any  sharp-pointed 
instrument. — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch ;  Wem.  *Whad  maks 
yo*  lame,  Tummas  ?  *  *  W*y  I  jobbed  one  o'  the  tines  o'  the  sharevil  i* 
my  big  toe.'  *  Han'ee  'ad  it  dressed  ?  *  *  I  *ad  it  charmed,  a»'  the 
sharevil,  so  I  'spect  it'll  tak'  no  *ann.'  Ash  has  to  job  in  the  same 
sense. 

*  To  job  signifies  in  the  East  Anglian  dialect  to  peck  with  the  beak, 
or  with  a  mattock.' — Way,  in  Prompt  Parv.,  p.  263. 

J0BL0CK8  [jobluks],  sh. pL  fleshy,  hanging  cheeks. — Pulverbatch. 
'  'E's  a  fine  par  o' joblocks,  'e  looks  as  if  'e  didna  crack  many  djef  nuts.' 

JOCKET  [jok-n,  sh.  a  horse-breaker. — Shrewbburt  ;  Pulverbatch. 
Qy.  com.  *  We  sha'n  a  pretty  well  o'  folks  o'  Monday — ^theerll  be  the 
ftlup- shearers,  an*  the  wilrits,  an'  owd  Billy  Davies  the  jockey y  an'  'is 
lad  bin  comin'  to  break  two  cowts.' 

*From  Jack  (or,  with  the  Northern  pronunciation,  Jock)^  in  the 
sense  of  a  person  in  an  inferior  position.  Jocky  was  specially  applied 
to  the  servant  who  looked  after  horses,  now  almost  confined  to  the 
rider  of  a  race-horse.' — ^Wedo. 

JOHK-GO-TO-BED-AT-HOOir,  same  as  Betty-go-to-bed-at-noon,  q.  v. 
— ^Newport. 

JOHirVT-KVOCK-SOFTLT,  sK,  ell  a  slow,  dawdling,  awkward 
workman.  Qy.  com.  '  I  dunna  know  whad  the  Maister  wanted  5oth 
sich  a  Johnny-knock-Bo/tly  as  that.* 

JOHHHY-WOP-STBAW,  sb. , «/.  ]  a  fann-labourer.  Qy.  com.  Cobden 
applied  the  term  *  chop-stick '  to  the  same  class  of  people. 

JOnri-STOOL^  sk,  ols,  Mr.  Halliwell  says,  «A  stool  framed  by 
joinery  work,  at  first  so  called  in  distinction  to  stools  rudely  formed 
from  a  single  block;'  he  quotes  from  the  Union  Inventories,  p.  1| 
*  Toyned  side,* 

*  In  the  greaie  Parlor  .  .  .  fowre  low  stooles,  Thirtecne  joyned  stoofes,' 
— Inventory  ,  ,  .  Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 

Cf.  BufTet-Btool. 

JOMPEBT  [jom-pur't  and  jom'pu't],  sh.,  ohsoh.  a  large,  coarse, 
earthenware  cup  with  two  close-fitting  handles — a  kind  of  *  porringer.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC-  227 

— Pulvbbbatch;  Wbm;  Ellesmere.  'Have  you  brought  the 
things  out  of  the  gig,  Jack  P  Take  care  of  that  cup.'  *  Dun  yo' 
mane  that  jomp^t.  Missis  ? — ^it's  a  rar'  un  for  a  joram  o  drink-mate  I ' 

JOHHACK  fjon'uk],  adj.  true-hearted;  fair-dealing;  honourable. 
Qy.  comu  'Bill  said  'e  oodna,  an*  'e  didna,  'e's  always yonnocA? — whad 
says  owd  Ben — ^I'd  sooner  tak'  'is  word  than  many  a  man's  wuth«* 

JOK&M  [joa'r'um],  sh,  a  large  quantity  of  good  eatables  or  drink- 
ables— *  a  rar*  yoram.'    Qy.  com. 

JOSET  [joa-zi'],  sh,  form  of '  Joseph.' — Colliery. 

JOUB  [jou'h'r'  and  ji'ou'r'],  v,  «.,  ohsoU.  to  mutter,  or  grumble  in  an 
undertone ;  generally  used  in  the  particimal  form— jouring. — PuLVER- 
BATCH.  *  "Whad's  the  matter  66th  yo',  iHck  ? — yo'  bin  al'ays  j'ourin* 
an'  mungerin'  at  the  table — ^han'ee  got  summat  as  is  too  good 
furyo'?' 

'  I  pray  that  Lord  that  did  you  hither  send, 
You  may  your  cursings,  swearings /ottringr^  end.' 

BoBERT  ILiTMAK's  QuodlihdSy  1628,  in  Nares. 

Mr.  Nares  explains  jouring  as  '  swearing,'  and  adds,  *  Perhaps  a 
coined  word,  from  juro,  Jjatin.'    Cf.  Munger. 

JOWL  [jou-1],  PuLVERBATCH.  Qy.  com.  [joal],  Atcham;  Wem, 
(I)  V,  a,  to  knock,  as  of  the  head.  '  Whad  bin  yo'  lads  cross-pladin' 
about? — ^I'U  jowl  yore  yeds  together  direc'ly,  an'  that'll  end  the 
matter.'    Joivl  is  a  corruption  of  Choul.    See  Choul  (1). 

(2)  ah,  a  washing  mug. — Newport.  A  Staffordshire-Border  term, 
apparently.    Cf.  Btean. 

JOWTERS  [jou-tur'z],  (1)  sb.  pi.  cabbage-plants  that  boll  instead  of 
forming  hearts. — ^Pulverbatch.  *My  cabbidge  bin  most  turned 
jowtera,^ 

(2)  ab.  pi.  large  flakes  of  curd. — ^Pulverbatch.  In  the  process  of 
curd-malung,  if  the  whey  breaks  into  large  flakes,  they  are  jowtera — if 
into  yery  small  ones,  '  the  cruds  bin  moitnered.'    See  Cruds. 

JOT,  sb.f  pec.  service. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch  ;  Wellington. 
'  Well,  a  good  thing  is  a  good  thing  after  all,  an'  a  bad  un  does  yo' 
no  joy.* 

JUPPET  Fjuf-it],  V.  V.  to  jump  or  fidget  about.— Wem.  '  Whad 
bin  yo'  cmldem  juffetin*  about  athatn  fur  ? ' 

J U MBLEHENT,  sb.  a  state  of  confusion.  Qy.  com.  '  Dear  'eart 
alive  I  whad  a  jumhlement  yo'n  got  them  plums  in — afore  ever  I  get 
to  Soseb'ry  they'n  be  in  sich  a  mingicummumbus,  I  shall  never 
part  'em.' 

JUITDEB,  (1)  V.  n.  to  mutter;  to  grumble  in  an  undertone. — 
PuLVERBATCH.  'I'd  ten  times  sooner  folks  66d'n  spake  out  whad 
they  han  to  say  than  g66junderin*  to  tharselves — if  they  wun  my 
childem  Pd  'elp  'em  to  junder J    Cf.  Chunder. 

(2)  ab.  frogs'  spawn. — Craven  Arms;  Church  Stretton.  Cf. 
Tather  (1). 

Q  2 


228  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

JUITKET  [jungk'it]^  sh,  ohsds.  a  feast ;  a  furtive  entertainment. — 
'  The  Missis  an'  some  on  'er  owd  cronies  wnn  '&yin'  a  rar*  junket  o' 
buttered  flaps,  an'  the  Maister  come  wham  onezpected  an'  ketcht  'enL* 

JWKETIHO,  part,  adj.,  ohsoh.  wastefuUj  feasting  and  entertain- 
ing.— Ibid.  *  'Er*ll  ruin  'er  'usband  66th  'er  junketin*  ways — it's  an 
owd  sayin',  but  a  very  brue  un,  '*  The  66man  can  throw  out  66th  a 
Bp66n  whad  the  mon'll  throw  in  66th  a  spade." ' 

JJTROIY  [jur'gi'],  adj.  contentious;  inclined  to  pick  a  quarrel. — 
Glee  Hills.  '  The  agent  wuz  mighty /ur^,  I  'ad  to  mind  whad  I 
said  to  'im.'    Ct  Lat.  jurgioatta,  quarrelsoma 

TUBS.    See  Denrn. 

JTI8TLT,  adv.,  pec.  exactly — with  regard  to  time. — ^Newpobt.  *  I 
conna  come  not  now — not  judly  now.' 

JTTST  HOW  [jaest  nou*],  adv.  this  term  comprises  a  twofold  mean- 
ing with  regard  to  time — past  and  future — at  a  considerable  interval 
from  the  moment  of  speaking.     Com.    (1)  'Gall  Jack  to  'is  bajte.' 


ing  with  regard  to  time — past  and  future — at  a  considerable  interval 

>f  speak]  _ 
*  I  did  jeit  now:     *  Wen  P '    '  This  'our  ag66.'    (2)  *  The  butcW- 


boy's  brought  the  mate,  an'  wanted  to  know  about  the  shooit — ^I  toud 
'im  as  that  '66d  do  jest  now,  at-after  'e*d  bin  'is  rouu's — ^'e  needna  g66 
back  fiir  it.' 

'  Jtut  now,*  says  Dean  Alford,  '  in  its  strict  meaning,  imports  nearly 
at  the  j)re6ent  moment,  whether  before  or  after.  Tet  general  usage 
has  limited  its  application  to  a  point  slightly  preceding  the  present, 
and  will  not  allow  us  to  apply  it  to  time  to  come.  .  •  .  We  have  the 
double  use  of  the  term  (that  is,  for  past  and  future  time)  preserved  in 
provincial  usage  in  the  Midland  and  Northern  coimties.' — The  Queen's 
English,!^.  210,  2nd  ed.  1864. 

Kay  gives  *  Near  now.  Just  now,  not  long  since,  Nor/.,'  in  *  South 
and  East  Country  Words,*    Gf.  Now  just. 


KAO  [kag-],  Atchax;  Pulvbrbatch;  Wem.  [ki'ag-],  Church 
Steetton,  Leehotwood,  (1)  «&.  a  projecting  piece  left  on  a  tree  or  shrub 
when  a  branch  has  been  severed  from  it. 

(2)  sh.fk  tooth  standing  alone. — ^Pulverbatch.  '  I  hanna  but  this 
one  hag  leT,  an'  I  shomd  be  better  athout  that,  fur  it's  as  sore  as 
a  bile.' 

Gompare  '  Denies  exerti,  gag  teeth,  or  teeth  standing  out.* — Nomen^ 
tlator,  1585,  p.  29,  in  Hal. 

(3)  i;.  a.  to  cut  badly  and  unevenly,  so  as  to  leave  projectiona — 
Ghttbch  Steetton,  £eehotuHx>d,  *  See  'ow  yo*n  kyagged  the  bacon.' 
Gf.  Snag  (1). 

KA06LE  [kag'l],  v.  n.  to  struggle  to  keep  up  and  make  the  best  of 
circumstances. — Pulveebatch  ;  Wem.  *  'Ow  dun'ee  manage,  Betty, 
66th  the  ruff  ralnin'  in  so  bad  ? '  *  Well,  we  bin  obleeged  to  haggle 
on  some'ow — ^we  'ad'n  to  pool  the  bed  out,  an'  ptit  the  cooler  to 
ketch  it' 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  229 

KALE  pcai-1],  (1)  ah.  a  turn. — Wbllington.  ^  Kale  for  A-a/e/  to 
drink  alternately; — 'It's  my  hile  now,'  t. e.  my  turn  to  drink — are 
harvest-field  expressions  in  passing  the  bottle. 

Compare  '  Sors,  a  lot,  or  kecniill,  a  chance,  a  deale,'  in  Duncan's 
Appendix  EtymologicB,  A.D.  1595,  E.  D.  S.,  B.  xiii.,  and  O.Du.  eavel, 
'  sors,'  in  Strat. 

(2)  [kai'l],  Shbewsbubt.  [kei'l  corr.  kaayl'],  Pulveebatch,  v.  a. 
to  tilt  up,  as  of  a  cart,  so  as  to  empty ;  to  turn  over.  '  Wen  Dick 
brings  the  nex'  tumbril  load  o'  turmits,  tell  'im  to  kayle  'em  up  i'  the 
orchut  fiir  them  yeows.'    Cf.  Cave  (2)« 

K&MDTO  [kai'min],  (1)  paH,  adj.  issuing  forth  in  a  stream,  as  bees 
when  leaving  the  mve  to  swarm. — Newfobt.    Cf.  Towthering. 

(2)  part,  adj^  making  rude  mocking  noises  to  annoy  a  person. 
— /Wrf. 

XATIE-BKAH'-TAIL,  ah.  the  Eedstart.— Ludlow.  Cf.  Bessy-brin- 
tail. 

KAT  [kai*],  (1)  a  key — an  old  pronunciation.     Com. 

'  And  cal  the  darg^  to  ^our  coimsel,  that  beryn  Cristis  kay^ 
And  holdist  up  hol^  cherche  the  prynce  of  Heven  to  pay.' 

John  Audelay's  Poems,  p.  20, 

'  The[y]  locked  the  dore  /  and  than  went  theyr  way.    | 
Cayphas  and  Anna  /  of  that  kept  the  hay* 

Lyft  of  Joseph  of  Armathia,  1.  53. 

« Either  through  gifts,  or  guile,  or  such  like  waies. 
Crept  in  by  stouping  low,  or  stealing  of  the  kaies.^ 

Spenseb,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  rV.  0.  X.  st  xviii< 

*  A*S.  cdg;  O.Fris,  hei,  hat,  key ;  davia.^ — ^Stbat. 

(2)  ah.y  oha,  same  as  Oop-wedge,  q.  v.— Pulyebbatoh. 

(3)  V.  a.  to  make,  or  to  bind,  round,  as  of  the  top  of  a  well,  with 
timber  or  masonry — *  kayin*  the  top  o'  the  well.' — Corve  Dale. 

*  *  *  Keyy  or  knyttynge  of  ij .  wallys,  or  trees  yn  an  vnstabylle  grownde. 
Loramentum" — Cath.  The  Catholicon  explains  loramentum  to  mean 
boarding  or  frame- work  compacted  together,  as  in  the  construction  of 
a  ceiling.  .  .  -  "JS>y  to  knytte  waUes  toguyder,  c/«/."— Palso.' 
Prompt,  Parv,  and  Notea, 

KATS.    See  Keys. 

IXACH  [kee'ch],  same  as  Cleaoh,  q.  v. — Pulverbatch  ;  Wev. 

KEACH-EOLE,  same  as  Cleaeh-hole,  q.  y. — ^Pulverbatch  ;  Wem. 

KECK-HOHSED,  adj.  left-handed,  and  awkward  in  consequence,  or 
by  metaphor.— PuLYERBATOH,  '  Ketch  out,  yo*  heck-*onded^  avenless 
thing.' 

KECKLE-8T01IACHED,  adj.  squeamish ;  queasy. — Pulverbatch* 
'  Pm  so  despert  heMe-atomached  lately,  I  should  'aive  my  'eart  out  if  I 
wuz  to  see  a  yar  in  anythin'.' 

Ash  has,  *  Keckle,  to  keck,  to  heave  the  stomach.'    He  derives 
*  keck '  from  Du.  k^cken^  to  cough.    Cf.  Xickle-stomach. 


230  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

KEDLOCK,  sb,  Sinapis  arvensia^  Trild  Mostard,  Charlock.  Qj.  com. 
Of.  Kerloek. 

KEECH  [kee'ch],  (1)  sb.  a  cake  of  consolidated  fat,  wax,  or  lallow. — 
Pulveebatch;  Wem.  (1)  'Theer's  a  good  heech  o*  fiit  on  them 
broth,  tak'  it  off  carfolly.'  (2)  '  Fve  got  a  good  heech  o'  beeo-wax 
thifl  time ;  I  shall  tak'  it  to  the  Soseb'iy  'Firmary,  they'n  ^  the  wnth 
on  it  theer/    Compare  '  tallow-ea^'  in  1  JT.  Henry  /F.,  H.  iv.  252. 

Naree  says,  *  It  is  highly  probable  that  tallow-A;eecA  is  here  the  right 
reading,'  and  in  support  of  his  opinion  quotes  'Dr.  [Bp.]  Percy' 
as  follows : — '  A  keem  of  tallow  is  the  fat  of  an  ox  or  cow,  rolled  up 
by  the  butcher  in  a  round  lump,  in  order  to  be  carried  to  the  chandler. 
It  is  the  proper  word  in  use  now.' 

Shakespeare  applies  the  term  keech  to  a  butcher's  wife— 2  K,  Henry 
IV,,  n.  L  101 ;  and  to  a  butcher's  son— Wolsey— Z:  Henry  VIIL, 
I.  i  55. 

(2)  V,  n.  to  consolidate,  as  warm  &t,  wax,  Ac.  does  in  cooling. — 
FuLVEBBATGH ;  Wem  ;  Oswestry.  '  Dunna  mess  vore  fingers  d5th 
it  awilde  it's  warm,  let  it  keech,  an'  then  it'll  break  off  aisy — them 
mole  candles  dunna  do  to  carry  about.' 

KEEP  [kee'p],  (1)  v,a.,  pec,  to  maintain.  Com.  ''£'s  a  right  tidy 
fellow,  but  hanna-d-a  chance  to  get  on ;  'e  'as  'is  poor  owd  mother  to 
Jbeep,  an'  a  crippled  sister — 'e  says  if  it  wunna  fur  them  'e  65dna  stop 
naigeiin'  [working  like  a  negro]  'ere.' 

(2)  9b,t  pec,  maintenance.  Com.  '  A  chap  like  that  inna  wuth  'is 
keep  J  an'  say  nuthin'  about  wages.' 

(3)  «5.,  pec.  pasture.  ^  Com.     '  Theer's  bin  a  good  Miamas  spring — 

filenty  o'  keep  to  las'  till  Chris'mas  if  the  groun'  should  keep  Dar* 
free  from  snow].'    See  Out  at  keep.    Cf.  Feed. 

(4)  V,  a, ,  pec,  to  attend,  as  of  the  market — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulyeb* 
BATCH.  Qy.  com.  '  I  'ear  our  owd  neighbour's  gwun  to  Hye  twix 
Wenlock  and  Bridgenorth,  so  they  can  keep  which  market  they'n  a 
mind.' 

*  Rose,  ....  My  Father  is  a  Farmer  within  three  short  Miles  o' 
the  Town :  we  keep  this  Market — ^I  sell  Chickens,  Eggs,  and  Butter, 
and  my  Brother  Bullock  there  sells  Com.' — Farqxthar's  Becruiting 
Officer,  Act  III.    Scene — The  Market-Place  [Shrewsbury], 

Ash  gives  keep  in  the  same  sense. 

KEEVE.  See  Cave  (2).  Ash  has  '  A:eet;e,'— which  he  calls  *  a  local 
word,' — *  to  overturn ;  to  empty  a  cart'  Bailey — ed.  1782 — gives,  *  To 
keeve,^  in  the  same  sense  as  *  Cheshire.* 

KEFFEL  [kef -rij,  (1)  sb.  a  sorry,  worthless  horse. — Pulvxrbatch  ; 
Wellijtoton;  Newport;  Wem.  Eichardson— a  Derbyshire  man— 
uses  this  word: — *01d  Bobin  at  a  distance  on  his  Boan  keffei.* — 


Clarissa  Harlowe,  voL  ii.  p.  130,  ed.  1774. 
W.  ceffyl,  a  horse.    Cf  Kirby. 


(2)  »6.  a  lazy,  good-for-nothing  fellow.— /(iem.  *Couldna  Turn 
'God  bring  yo*  a  bit'n  a  jag  o'  coal  ? '  *  Well,  I  dunna  know— they  bin 
poor  keffiU^  boath  mon  an'  'orse.'    Cf.  Drummil. ....  * 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   231 
iiL  [kel'],  (1)  8b,  the  omentum,  or  caul,  of  a  slaughtered  pig. — 


Wellington. 

'  Bim  or  kell  wherein  the  howels  are  lapi' — FloriOy  p.  340,  in  Hal. 
Mr.  Halliwell  says  kell  means  '  any  covering  like  network.' 
*  Kelle,  RetictUum,  retiaculum,^ — Prompt,  Farv,^  p.  270. 
See  Mr.  Way's  Note,  idem.    Cf.  Veil. 

(2)  »h.  a  film,  or  scale,  on  the  eye ;  a  cataract. — Newport.  An  old 
man  at  Edgmond  said  of  his  wife,  *  'Er*8  got  a  kell  o*  won  oi,  an'  'er's 
dark  o'  the  tother.' 

KELTEB  [kel'tur'1,  (1)  sb,,  obsolsA  wealth;  accumulated  money. — 
PuLYEBBATCH.  '^The  daughter'll  be  a  ketch  fur  somebody,  the  owd 
chap  'as  yeps  o'  kelter.*    Jamieson  has  *  kdteTf  money.' 

(2)  V.  a.  to  amass ;  to  collect. — Ibid,  '  I've  bin  out  kelterin*  all  day, 
but  got  mighty  little  pelf.' 

KENCH  [ken'sh],  (l)8b.  a  twist  or  wrench, — a  sprain.  Com.  *I 
thought  it  wuz  on  y  a  bit  of  a  kenchy  but  agen  momin'  it  wuz  swelled 
as  big  as  two,  an'  Dr.  Wildin'  said  as  theer  wuz  a  splinter  broke,  an' 
I  mim  g56  o'  my  club,  fur  I  shouldna  be  uprifrfur  a  month.' 

(2)  sb,  a  big  piece  or  lump. — ^Wem.  '  The  Missis  give  'im  a  reet 
good  kench  o'  bread  an'  chees',  an'  send  'im  off.'  Kenchin*  is  an 
altematiye  term  used  in  precisely  the  same  way.  Cf.  Slench  and 
Blenchin'. 

SXNSPECBXE,  adj,  conspicuous — a  term  applied  chiefly  to  dress. 
— Corte  Dale.  Probably  an  imported  word.  See  Kenspeckhy  in 
Wedg. 

KEOTJP  [ki'ou'p  or  kyou'p],  (1)  v,  «.  to  bark,  or  yelp,  incessantly,  as 
a  cur  does. — Ptjlyerbatcii.  '  I  couldna  got  a  bit  o'  sleep  fur  that 
dog  kyoupin*  all  night.' 

(2^  sb.  a  yelping  cur. — Ibid.  *  I  'ate  thom  lickle  kyoups,  they  binna 
wutn  thar  keep,  let  alone  payin'  fur.'     Cf.  Keout. 

(3)  V.  n,  by  metaphor — ^to  scold. — Ibid,  *1  56dna  live  65th  that 
56man  whadever  'er'd  gie  me — 'er  kyoups  from  momin'  till  night.' 

(4)  $b,  a  scold. — lUd,     *  The  Missis  wuz  sich  a  kyoup,* 

KEOXTSE  [k^ou's  or  kyou's],  v.  a,  to  chase ;  to  drive  away. — 
Pulverbatch;  Worthen;  Clee  Hills.  *The  pigs  bin  i*  the 
garden — ^w'eer's  the  dog,  to  keoiise  'cm  out  ? '    Cf.  Scout. 

KEOirr,  KEOTJT-DOO  [ki'ou't  or  kyou-t],  ab,  a  little,  sharp,  vigilant, 
barking  dog. — Pulverbatch  ;  Wem.  *  Snap's  a  rar*  kyout,  'e  oonna 
let  nobody  go$  nigh  the  'ouse  athout  lettin'  *em  know.' 

Cf.  '  Make  bandog  thy  acoutwatchf  to  barke  at  a  theefe.' — Tusser, 
Qood  hutibandlie  lessons,  1.  19,  p.  20,  ed.  E.  D.  S. 

•O.Fr.  eseouty  estre  en  escout,  Reenter  attentivement,  ^pier.' — Bub. 

Cf.  Keoup  (2). 

KEBLOCK  [ki'er'iuk  or  kyer^luk],  same  as  Kedlock,  q.  v.— Craven 
Arms;  Clee  Hills;  Ll^low. 

KERBT,  (1)  sb,  a  clamorous  inquiry  about  anything. — Whitchurch. 
*  Theer  wuz  sich  a  kerry  after  it.' 


232  SUROPSHIRK  WORD-BOOK. 

*O.Fr.  querre;  qu^rir,  faire  une  enqu^te,  dexnander,  roqu^rir.* — 
Bur. 

(2)  Bb.  a  noisy  troop  or  pack,  as  of  children  or  dogs. — ^Newport  ; 
ELLEsaiERE.  (1)  'Oh!  'ere*8  a  kerry  6*  lads;  lef s  run.'  (2)  'Them 
ohildem  bin  like  a  kerry  o'  'oun's  up  an'  down  the  place.' 

KESIEBi  sb,  a  form  of  the  proper  name  ChriBtopher. — ^Nkwpobt. 

*  he  said,  "  come  hither  Ketter  Norton, 

a  ffine  ff ellow  thou  seemes  to  bee ; 
some  good  councell,  Kuter  Norton, 
this  day  does  thou  giue  to  mee.'' ' 

Risingt  in  the  North,  IL  61—63.    Percy  Folio  MS,, 
vol.  ii  p.  212,  ed.  Hales  and  Furniyall. 

Mr.  Halliwell  giyes  *Kester'  as  a  'North*  form, 

JUSTGH,  (1)  V.  a.,  var,  pr.  to  catch.     Com. 

(2)  sb,  a  part  of  a  song. — ^Pulverbatch.  <  Whad  sort  of  a  fimsbin' 
night  *ad'n*ee — ^pretty  g(X)d  singin'  ? '  '  Aye,  seyeral  right  good  songs, 
beside  a  ketch  or  two ;  out  Mr.  John  Oakley's  **  Pedlar  Jew  "  wuz  tne 
best  thing  I  ever  'eard,  an'  the  best  sung.' 

'  Come,^Ho8tis,  giye  us  more  Ale,  and  our  Supper  with  what  haste 
you  may,*  and  when  we  haye  sup'd,  let's  haye  your  Sone,  Pisoator, 
and  the  Ketch  that  your  Scholer  promised  us,  or  else  Ooriaon  will  be 
doged.' — The  Compleat  Angler^  ch.  xi.  p.  208,  ed.  1653* 

KETCH-O'-FBOST,  sb.  a  slight  hoar  frost.  Com.  'Theer  wnz  a 
bit  of  a  ketch-o'-froa*  last  night,  an'  these  w'ite  frosses  al'ays  brings 
rain.'    Gf.  Duck's-frost. 


[kek's],  sb,  the  dry  stalk  of  the  hemlock,  and  of  some 
other  species  of  umbelliferous  plants. — Pulverbatch  ;  Wbllinotoh  ; 
Weh.  Qy.  com.  '  Ben,  I  toud  yo'  to  brinff  some  kex  in  fdr  spills ; 
yo'  gwun  at  them  matches  as  if  they  comen  nir  nuthin',  but  yo'n  fine 
it  out  some  dark  momin*  w'en  theer  is  none.' 

*  And  as  glowande  gledes  *  gladieth  nomte  ]na  workmen, 
pat  worchen  &  wcuLon  '  in  wyntres  nines. 
As  doth  a  kex  or  a  candel  *  ^at  camte  nath  f3rre  &  blaseth.' 

Fiers  PL,  Text  B.,  pas&  xyiL  L  219. 

*  As  hollow  as  a  gun ;  as  a  kex.* 

Eay's  Proverbs,  p.  222. 

See  Way  in  Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  278.     W.  cecye,  hollow  stalks; 
hemlock. 

KETS  [kai'z  and  kee'z],  (1)  sb.  ph  the  clustering  fniit  of  Frdxinus 
excSlsior,  common  Ash.    Qy.  com. 

*  Jloe  fraccinum,  a  kay  of  a  nesche.' — Nominale,  xy.  cent,  in  Wr. 
yocabs.,  yoL  i  p.  228.     riee  Kay  (1). 

S2)  Bh.  the  fruit  o{Acer  Pseado-pkUanw,  greater  Maple,  or  Sycamore, 
^ULVERBATCJH.    Qy.  com. 

(3)  tib.  ph,  ob$.?  iron  tips  used  for  shoeing  bullocka — Corvs  Dale* 
yTBH^  [kib'u'J,  sb.f  obsoU,  a  long  walking-staff,  held — ^not  at  the  top, 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC  233 

as  an  ordinary  walking-stick  is,  but — in  the  middle,  Hke  an  '  alpen- 
stock.'— Wem.  Suck  a  stick  was  once  quite  common  in  Shropshire, 
and  may  still[1874]  occasionally  be  seen.  Cf.  Qibbed-stick*  See 
Kibble  (3),  in  Hal. 

KIBBLE  [kib'l],  v,  a,  to  crush,  or  grind,  coarsely,  as  of  barley,  pease, 
&a  Qy.  com.  '  P^t  tiiat  bag  o'  barley  across  the  owd  mar*  an'  tak' 
it  to  'Abberley  mill,  an*  get  *em  to  kibble  it  aw'ile  yo'  stoppen,  or  we 
sha'n  be  short  o'  feed  afore  Sunday's  o'er.' 

IllbBLETY  fkibiti'l  adj.  stony,  and,  as  a  consequence,  rough  and 
jolting :  said  of  roads.— Whitchurch.    See  Cobbles  (1). 

EIBE,  KITE  [ki'eib],  PuLVBBBATCH.  [kei-bl,  Clun.  [kerv], 
Shrewsbttbt,  8b»  an  implement  used  by  cot^ge  gardeners  for 
'stocking'  up  the  groimd  between  the  potato  rows  prior  to  the 
operation  of  earthing  the  potatoes.  It  is  aoout  a  foot  long,  and  four 
inches  broad  at  the  cutting  end :  the  handle  is  three  feet  and  a  half 
in  length.  The  form  of  the  implement  is  similar  to  that  of  an  adze, 
and  it  is  used  in  the  same  way.    Cf.  Caif  (1). 

KICKLE-STOHACH,  sb,  a  squeamish  stomach.— Wbm.  See  KeoUe- 
stomached, 

KID  [kid*],  (!)  sh.  SL  bundle  of  small  sticks  for  firewood. — ^Wbllingh 
ton;  Newport;  Wem. 

'Kyd,  fsLgot  Fa$m  {fascicultu.  P.).  **A  kidde  ubi  fagott." — 
Cath.  Aitg.  " Kydde,  a  fagotte,  falovrde" — ^Palsq.'  Frompt,  Farv» 
and  Note$.    Cf.  Fag^t  (1). 

(2)  V.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  make  up  bundles,  or  kidSf  of  small  brush- 
wood for  fuel — Ibid.    *  Yo'  can  cut  that  brash  an'  get  it  kidded.* 

KIDDLE  [kid'l],  If.  n.  to  emit  a  flow  of  saliva  from  the  mouth ;  to 
slayer.  Qy.  com.  '  The  child  kiddles  badly  cuttin'  its  tith,  but  I 
al'ays  think  it's  best— they  binna  so  likely  fur  fits.' 


KIDinrO-BIB  [kid-K'n  bib],  sh.  a  baby's  slavering-bib.— //nU 

*  Hoc  Bolmarium^  A*  slayeryng-clout,'  occurs  in  an  English  Vocabu- 
lary, xy.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  yol.  i.  p.  203. 

KIDKAW  [kid'mau],  sh.  the  stomach  of  a  calf  prepared  for  rennet. 
— ^Worthbn,  ThewaveU;  Cbayei^Arms;  Clun.    C£  Mawskin. 


guttei 

KILL,  sh.,  var.  pr.  a  kiln.  Com.  *  They  tellen  me  as  them  f  urrin 
'tatoes  bin  ktU-diied  afore  they  comen  'ere^  so  they  bin  no  good  f^r 
settin'.' 

'The  kil  house ^  is  named  in  an  Inventory  .  .  .  Owlbuxy  Manor- 
House,  Bishop's  Casfl^  1625. 

*  The  dog  of  the  kill, 
He  went  to  the  mill 
To  lick  miU-dust : 


234  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

The  miller  he  came 
With  a  stick  on  his  back, — 
Home,  dog,  home ! 


J.  0.  Hjlluwell*8  Nursery  Ehymes  of 
England,  CCCLIX. 

♦Kylne  (f)or  malt  dryynge  {Kyll,  P.).  l\B)trina^  C.  F.'— iVomjrf. 
Farv, 

KILLODDT  [^il'odi*],  v.  a.»  obs.  to  diy  hemp-stalks  over  a  fire  made 
in  a  hole  in  the  ground.  (See  below.)  It  was  the  first  process  in  hemp 
dressing. — Pulvebbatch.    See  Tewter. 

KULODDT-PIT,  «^,  ofjs.  the  hole  in  the  ground  in  which  the  fire 
was  made  for  kiJloddying  the  hemp-stalks.  —  Ihid,  There  was  a 
killoddy-pii  on  the  '  Oreen '  at  Castle  Pulyerbatch :  it  was  in  use  about 
the  year  1800.  '  I  'ear  Medlicotfs  lost  another  yeow  i'  the  killoddy- 
pit ;  it's  a  great  5dnder  to  me  they  dimna  fill  it  up,  it  hanna  bin  used 
this  ten  *ear,  an'  this  is  the  second — if  nod  the  third — ^ip  theVn 
fund  djed  in  it.'  The  '  Oreen,'  and  the  '  Oaken ' — an  adjacent  hiU— 
were  formerly  a  sheep- walk. 

KILLOW  [ki'l'oe],  v.  n,,  ohsoU.  to  dry  by  the  heat  df  the  sun,  as 
grass  or  herbs.— Pulyebbatch.  (1)  *The  'ay  d^nna  kiUow  as  lung 
as  this  weather  lasses — it  wants  more  sun.'  (2)  *  Dunna  shift  them 
yarbs  out  o'  the  sun,  they  binna  kiUowed  anow.'    C£  Glint  (1). 

KIMET  [ki'ei'mit  and  keinnit],  (1)  adj.  dizzy  :  said  of  sheep  that  are 
suffering  from  hydatids  on  the  brain. — PtTLVERBATCH ;  Clun  ;  Cobvb 
Dale.  *  The  Maister's  killed  the  owd  ship — ^we  sha'n  a  kyimH  mutton 
fur  dinner  an'  kyimet  pie  fur  supper — agen  the  end  o*  the  wik  we 
sha'n  all  be  as  kyimet  as  the  ship.^    See  below.    Of.  Old. 

(2)  ad/,  silly;  half-witted.— Shbewsbitby;  Pulvebbatch;  Cltjn; 
Webi.  *  Thee  bist  as  kyimet  as  a  noud  ship— turnin'  round  an'  starrin' 
about  fur  things  w'en  they  bin  under  yore  nose.' 


speaj 

they  bin  aVays  so  kimit ;  I  like  a  good  nag's-yedded 

*  When  I  com  nar  to  Skeil-hiU,  I  fund  oald  Aberram  Atchiseon 
sittin  on  a  steul  breckan  steins  to  mend  rwoads  wid,  an'  I  az't  him 
if  I  med  full  my  ledder  pwokes  frae  his  heap.  Aberram  was  yarra 
kaim%  an'  tell't  ma  to  tak'  them  'at  wasn't  brocken  if  I  wantit  steins, 
sooa  I  teirt  him  hoo  it  was  an'  oa'  aboot  it.'— '  Joe  and  the  G^logiBt,' 
in  7'he  Folk-Speech  of  Cumberland,  by  A,  C.  Oibson,  P.  S.  A.,  p.  4. 

Mr.  Oibson  adds  the  Olossarial  5fote,  ^  Kaim't,  literally  crooked, 
but  used  to  signify  cross  or  peeyish.' 

The  Cumberland  kaim't  and  the  Shropshire  kimet  point  to  an  origin 
conmion  to  both.    W.  cam,  crooked.    Of.  Xim-k&m,  below. 

XIM-XAMy  (1)  adj.  all  awry. — Wellington. 

*  Sic,  This  IB  clean  kam. 

Bru,  Merely  awry ' 

CorioiftHUSj  III.  i.  305. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL   WORDS,   ETC.  235 


« 


?)  <^i'  perverse. — ^Wem.    *  Let*8  a  none  o*  yore  kim-ham  ways.* 
cam.    Of.  Ximet  (3),  above. 


SnnTEL,  (1)  sh,  the  shallow  tub  in  which  butter  is  washed  and 
salted  when  fresh  from  the  chum. — Newport. 

*  Chum  and  kimnel,* — Auctioneer's  Catalogue  (Forton  Hall),  1875, 
Cf.  Butter-mit. 

(2)  $b.t  oha,  a  brewing  vessel;  a  cooler  (?\ 

'  The  Seller  one  hymnell  .  .  .  one  small  hymntll  ...  one  tundish.' 
— Inventory  .  .  .  Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 

'  He  goth,  and  geteth  him  a  kneding  trough, 
And  after  a  tubbe,  and  a  kemelin,* 

Chauceb,  C,  T„  L  3622. 

'  She's  somewhat  simple  indeed,  she  knew  not  what  a  kimnel  was, 
she  wants  good  nurture  mightily.* — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Coxcomb,  iv.  7,  in  Narea 

Bay,  amongst  his  *  North  Country  Words,*  gives  *A  Kimnel,  or 
KemHn,  a  Powdering  Tub.* 

*  Kymlyne,  or  kelare,  vesselle  (kynlyn,,  S.  P*),  Cunula.  In  a  roll  of 
2 — 5  £dw.  I.,  among  the  miscellaneous  records  of  the  Queen's  Bemem- 
brancer,  a  payment  occurs,  ^^  Stephano  le  loignur,  pro  j.  Kemhelind 
suhtus  cistemam  Regis,  vijd.*'  The  Latin-Engl.  Vocabulary,  Boy.  MS. 
17,  0.  xvii.,  ^ves,  under  the  head  **ad  brasorium pertinencia,'Ky mneUe, 
cuna;  Kunlione,  cunella»**  Thos.  Harpham  of  York  bequeaths,  in 
1341,  **unum  plumbum,  unam  cunam,  quoe  vocatur  maskefat,  et  duos 
parvas  eunas  quce  vocantur  gylefatts,  duos  kymelyns,  et  duos  parvos 
barellos" — Testam.  Ebor.  i  3.  **  Kynmell,  quevue,  quevuetie" — Palsq.' 
Prompt.  Parv.  and  Notes, 

KZHD  [kin-d],  (1)  v.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  ignite. — ^Whitchurch  ;  Elles- 
MERE.    (1)  '  I  conna  kind  the  fire  wiim  these  chats,  they  binna  dry.' 
(2)  '  The  nre  wunna  kind  this  momin',  do  whad  I  wull.' 
O.N.  kynda,  to  set  fire  to.    Cf.  Tind. 

(2)  [kei'nd],  adj.  genial;  flourishiDg;  thriving:  —  'the  groun's 
nice  and  kind; '  '  the  plants  dunna  grow  so  kind  under  them  trees  ;* 
*  the  pig  looks  mighty  Hnd:        Com.    Cf.  Kindly  (2). 

f  3)  [koi'nd  corr*  kayh'nd],  adj.  healthy ;  wholesome :  said  of  the 
skm. — Newport.  * 'Sir's  got  a  noice  koind  skin  on  'er  own.*  Cf. 
Clane  (4). 

XnrDLE  [kin-dl],  (1)  «&.— in  kindle— \a  to  be  with  young.     (1)  Of 
rabbits.    Com.    (2)  o&6o28.  of  kittens. — Pulyerbatch. 

'  Kynled,  or  kynddyd  in  forthe  bryngynge  of  yonge  beestys.  Fetatus.' 
--Prompt.  Parv.     Cf.  Kittle  (1). 

(2)  V.  n.  to  bring  forth  young.  (1)  Babbits.  Com.  (2)  obsols.  kittens. 
— ruLVERBATCH.  'Wha'n'ce  think? — the  cat's  kindled  in  Betty's 
ban' -box  an'  spiled  'er  best  bonnit.' 

*  Orlando,  Are  you  native  of  this  place  P 

*  Rosalind,  As  tne  cony  that  you  see  dwell  where  she  is  kindled.'-^ 
As  You  Like  It,  III.  u.  358. 

*  Kyndlyn,  or  brynge  forthe  yonge  kyndelyngj's.  Feto.  The  expres- 
»ion  '^genimina  viperarum,''  Vulg.,  Luke  iii.  7,  is  in  the  Wicuffite 


236  8UR0PSU1RS  WORD-BOOK. 

Tereion  Tenderad  '*KyndlyngiB  of  eddria.  .  .  /'    In  the^^St.  Alban's 
Book  mention  is  made  of  '*  a  kyndyll  of  yonge  ^cattes."    Palagraye 

fives  the  verb  to  "  kyndyll  as  a  she  hare  or  oonjr  dothe,  whan  they 
ring  forthe  yonge."  •  .  .  Compare  Germ,  kindlein,  pr6U$,^ — Pnmji, 
Part',  and  Notes, 
Cf.  XitUe  (2). 

KIVDLT  [kei-ndli'l  (1)  adv,  heartily. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulvbrbatch. 
Uy.  com.  '  Well,  X  wuh  yo*  good-night,  Miasia,  an'  thank  yo'  kindly 
fur  me.' 

*  The  ground  of  al  goodnea  cnratia  aohnld  be  the  cause, 
And  knyt  hem  kyndly  togednr  al  the  clerg6. 

With  mero6  and  with  mekenee  the  trenth  for  to  teche. 
The  oomawndmentia  of  Crist  to  kepe  kyndly 

ftote  }e  ben  acheperdys  al  one.* 

JoHK  At7DELAT*s  Fotmi,  p.  36. 

< 

•  •••«« 

In  walks  the  little  dog, 
Saya,  "  Pussy  I  are  you  there? 

•  .*••• 
Mistress  Pussy,  how  dVe  do  ?  " 

"  I  thank  you  kindly^  little  dog, 
I  £bu«  as  well  as  you."  * 

J.  O.  Halliwell's  Nur§ery  BhymM  of 
England,  DLXVIL 

(2)  adv.  well ;  thriving.— Pulvbrbatch.  Qy.  com.  •  The  yerlin« 
[yearlings]  looken  kindly,  Mr.  Jones,  thev*n  got  a  good  slike  [sleek] 
coat  on  'em.'  '  Aye,  I  fettled  'em  well  all  winter,  but  w'ether  they'll 
pay's  a  question.'    Cf.  ' Kuyndeliche '  =  well,  in  tiie  following:— 

<  **  Peter  I "  quod  a  Plou3-Mon  *  and  putte  for|>  his  hed, 
**  I  knowe  him  as  kuyndeliche  *  as  Clerk  do)>  his  bokes.'' ' 

PierB  Fl,  Text  A.,  pass.  vi.  L  29. 

XIH ODOK-COME,  eh.  a  state  of  pleasure  in  some  new]y-acqTiire<i 
happiness,— Shbewsbttby  ;  Pulvbrbatch  ;  Wem.  *  Poor  owd  Betty'* 
in  er  kin'dom'come  now  *er's  gotten  Jack  wham  agen.* 

ZmOFISHEK,  sh.y  pec.  CaUpteryz  mrgo,  Demoiselle  Diagonflj--— 
Weic.    C£  Sting-flaher. 

XIKO-O'-THE-WIK,  sh.  Friday,  on  which  day  it  is  popularly 
believed  the  weather  will  attain  its  climax,  be  it  of  shine  or  shower. 
— Pulvbrbatch.    Qy.  com.    *  Fair  or  foul,  Friday's  bound  to  be 

*  Friday's  a  day  as*ll  &ve  its  trick. 
The  fairest  or  foulest  day  i'  the  wik.' 

Proverbial  Weather'Bin^i^ 

*  Eight  as  the  Friday,  sothly  for  to  telle, 
Now  it  Bch3rneth,  now  it  reyneth  faste^ 
Bight  so  gan  gery  Venus  overcaste 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   237 

The  bertes  of  liire  folk,  right  as  hiro  day 
Is  gerful,  right  so  chaungeth  sche  array. 
Selde  is  the  Fry  day  al  the  tvyke  i-likeJ' 
Chauceb,  The  Knightes  Tale,  H  676—681,  ed.  Morris. 

KDITEE  [kin-tur'],  (1)  sb.  a  cover. — ^Wellington.     ''Er's  done  mo 
a  bad  turn  under  kinter  on  a  good  un.* 

(2)  V,  a.  to  cover.    '  Kinter  it  o'er.* — Ibid,    Ct  Kiver. 


[kei'p  and  ki'ei'p],  sh.  a  strong  osier  basket  with  a  twisted 
handle  on  each  side,  of  circular  form,  but  wider  at  the  top  than  the 
bottom :  it  is  computed  to  hold  about  half  a  bushel,  and  is  used  for 

g moral  gardening  purposes. — Shsewsbuby  ;  Pttlyebbatch  ;  Corve 
ale;  Collieby;  Wem;  Ellesmere.  Til  get  owd  Price  in 
Coleham  to  mak*  me  a  couple  o*  kipes  the  right  mizzer,  fur  whad  wo 
buy^n  at  the  country  shops  6dnna-d-oud  'af e  a  strike  yept,  let  alone 
level  fulL' 

Ash  gives  *  Kipe  (a  local  word),  a  basket  in  the  form  of  the  lower 
frustrum  of  a  cone,  containing  about  a  bushel ;  a  coarse  kind  of  wicker 
basket,  wider  at  top  than  bottom.* 
See  Xype  in  Weights  and  Measures,  p.  Ixzxv.    Cf.  Corve,  also 
(1). 


KIBBT,  ah.  a  poor  old  horse. — Oswestry,  Welsh  Border,  Cf. 
Xefrel  (1). 

EISSINO-BXTSH,  sh,  a  bunch  of  evergreens  or  mistletoe  garnished 
with  ribands  and  firuit,  which  is  hung  in  the  kitchen,  or  hall,  at 
Christmas-tide.  Qy.  com.  *  It  dunna  look  much  like  Chris'mas,  nod 
a  bit  o*  *olly  an*  iwv,  let  alone  a  kissin'-bush — scrat  an*  clane  an* 
cook  is  all  our  folks  thinken  on.* 

KISSniO-CBXJST,  sb,  rough,  protuberant  crust  on  a  loaf.  Com. 
'  I  like  a  kissin^-crust  5dth  plenty  o*  good  fresh  butter  on  it.*  '  Aye^ 
the  ems'  is  sweeter  than  the  kissin\  I  tak*  it* 

JLLTCHEH,  sb.f  pee.,  obsoU,  a  large  caldron  or  kettle  furnished  with 
a  tap— designed  to  keep  a  supply  of  hot  water  by  the  kitchen  fire — 
technically  called  a  'fountam.*— Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  *Tak' 
car'  to  keep  plenty  o*  waiter  i'  the  kitchen,  else  yo*n  'ave  it  to-bost.' 

KITE,  ah.  Tinntinculus  Alaudarins,  the  KestreLc— Oswestry.  Cf. 
OUd. 

JuxLIHO,  ab,  a  kitten.  Qy.  com.  <  The  owd  mar*  's  as  playful  as 
a  kiUin': 

*  A  wanton  widow  Leezie  was, 

As  cantio  as  a  kittlin  ; 
But  Och !  that  night,  amang  the  shaws, 

She  gat  a  fearfu*  settlin ! 
She  thro*  the  whins,  an*  by  the  cairn. 

An  owre  the  hill  gaed  sorievin, 
Whare  three  lairds' lands  met  ai  a  bum. 
To  dip  her  left  sark-sleevo  in, 

"Was  bent  that  night.' 

Robert  Burns,  Poems,  p.  47, 1.  20. 


238  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

Ash  gives  '  KiUing  (not  bo  common  a  word),  A  kitten,  a  young  cat 
'  Kytlynge,    CatilluB,  c€Uunculu$.    **  Catulua,  a  whelpe  or  a  Kytlynge." 
— Ortus.*    Projnpt  Parv,  and  Notes, 

*  CatuluSf  .  .  a  whelp,  a  kitling,  the  little  yong  of  any  beast'— 
Diet,  Etf/m,  LaL 

*  Chaion,  petit  chat ;  kitten,  a  kittling,* — Chamb. 

KITTLE  [kitl],  (1)  «fc.— in  kit  fie— is  the  state  of  being  with  young: 
8aid  of  cats.    Qy.  com.    Cf.  Kindle  (1). 

(2^  V.  a.  to  bring  forth  '  kitlin^.'    Qy.  com. 

'  A  Cat  kittleth;  a  Litter  of  kittleings.' — Academy  of  Armory ^  Bk. 
n.  ch.  vii.  p.  134. 

catte 

Palso. 

\  youxi^  cats.     Caller^  to  kittle  as 

a  cat.     Fairt  set  pttits,  to  whelp,  kittle^  kindle,  farrow,"  &c. — CoTO/ 

Way,  in  Prompt,  Parv,^  p.  277. 

*  Cfl  Kindle  (2). 

KITE.    See  Kibe. 

KIVEB  [kivur*],  (1)  p.  «.  to  cover. — Clun.  Tve  jest  kivered  the 
baflket  o'er.* 

In  Rev,  xix.  8,  the  Wicliffite  version— ed.  A.D.  1388 — ^has,  *  And  it 
is  puun  to  hir,  that  sche  kyuere  hir  with  white  bissyn  schynynge.' 

(2)  sb.  a  cover — *  put  the  kiver  on.' — Cuts  ;  Cobvb  Dale  ;  Bbido- 
KORTH ;  Much  Wenlock. 

(3)  $h.f  ohsoh.  a  shallow  meat-dish  of  coarse,  brown  earthenware.— 
PuLYERBATCH ;  Ellesme&e.  *  Put  the  men's  dinner  i*  the  oven  to 
keep  whot,  an'  wauve  the  kiver  o'er  it.'  The  term  is  fast  dying  out. 
A  redundant  form,  kiver^dish,  is  occasionally  employed  about  Pulver- 
batch. 

KKAB  [nab*],  v,  a.  to  bite  gently  and  playfully.  Horses  hiab  each 
other  when  m  good  temper.    Qy.  com.    Du.  knahhehn^  to  gnaw. 

KVABBIV',  sb.  a  bite  of  herbage ;  short  pasture. — ^Pulverbatch. 

*  Yo'  can  turn  the  cows  i'  the  little  fild — theer's  tidy  knabhin  on  it— 
awilde  the  edgrow  gets  a  bit  strunger.'    Cf.  Brooit. 

KHACKEB  Fnak'ur'l,  sb.  a  worn-out  horse  quite  unfit  for  work. 
Qy.  com.  *  If  'e  tak  s  that  poor  owd  knacker  to  markit  agen,  'e*ll  a  the 
p'lice  on  'im  fur  cruelty.' 

Ray  gives  *  A  knacker y  One  that  makes  Collars  and  other  Furniture 
for  Cart-horses,'  amongst  *  South  and  East  Country  Words.^ 

Mr.  Wedgwood  says,  '  It  would  seem  that  the  office  of  idaughteriiig 
old  worn-out  hordes  fell  to  the  knacker  or  coarse  harness-maker,  as 
the  person  who  would  have  the  best  opportunity  of  making  the  skins 
available.' 

Hence,  then,  the  application  of  the  term  knacker  to  a  horse  fit  onlv 
for  the  knacker's  slauffbter -house— the  knacker* s-yard,  as  it  is  called. 
Cf.  O.N.  knackr^  a  saddle, 

KHAD  fnad*],  pret.  and  part,  past,  ohtoh,  kneaded. — Pulverbatch. 

*  This  bread's  knad  too  stiff,  it'll  be  as  'ard  as  a  cobbler's  w'et-stwun 
afore  the  wik's  out'    Cf.  Kned. 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC   AND   PROVINX^IAL  WORDS,   ETC.   239 

KNAOOY  [nag-r],  adj.  cross ;  ill-tempered.    Com.     *  I  should  think 
the  owd  fellow's  put  'is  clogs  on  the  wrang  fit  this  momin' — 'e's  as 
knaggy  as  'e  knows  *ow  to  bo.' 
Dan.  knag^  a  knot.     Cf.  Nag  (1). 

KNAP  [nap*],  (1)  «&.  a  low  hill;  a  mound. — Pulverbatch.  There 
is  a  little  round  hill  at  Castle  Pulverbatch  called  the  hnap ;  it  is  one 
of  two  mounds  which  appear  to  have  been  thrown  up  and  entrenched ; 
the  other — lower  than  the  hnapy  and  square  in  form — is  called  the 
'  Castle  Ring.'    They  are  contiguous,  and  surmount  a  natural  steep. 

'  1543.  5  March.  Agnes,  daughter  of  John  Chistoke  departed, 
somtyme  deacon  or  Clerk  of  this  Churche,  who  departed  of  the 
pestilens  the  first  day  of  September  in  the  er  of  our  Ix>rd  God 
MDxxxij,  who  was  a  full  honest  server  of  the  Churche  and  taught 
scolers  playne  song  &  prick  song  full  well,  so  that  the  Churche  was 
well  served  in  his  tyme  ;  buryed  he  was  in  the  churche  yard  on  the 
hnapp  uppon  the  right  hand  as  ye  entre  into  the  Porche,  abowte  vij 
cloth  yards  fro  the  porch  whose  sowle  God  Almighty  take  to  mcy. 
Amen.' — Register  of  Sir  Thomas  Botelery  Vicar  of  Much  Wenlock. 

Knap  is  applied  to  a  hill-top  in  the  following : — *  And  both  these 
riuers  running  in  one,  carying  a  swift  streame,  doe  make  the  knappe 
of  the  said  hill  very  strong  of  situation  to  lodge  a  campe  vpon.'— 
Nohth's  Plutarch,  Sylla,  p.  607,  in  Bible  Word-Book,  p.  285. 

Cf.  Nab  Scar  =  Knap  Scar  Topposite  Grasmere). 

Ash  gives  '  Knap,  a  little  hill  rising  on  all  sides.* 

•  W.  cnap,  a  knob,  hill.' — Strat. 

(2)  »b.  a  slight  blow. — Bishop's  Castle;  Clun.  *'E  gid  'im  a 
knap  o*  the  yad  6oth  a  stick.' 

Jamieson  has  this  word  in  the  same  sense.-  Tusser  employs  it  as  a 
verb :  *  Knap  boy  on  the  thums.' 

Du.  knappen,  to  crack.    See  Knoup. 

KNAP-KNEED,  adj,  knock-kneed. — Pulverbatch.  *  I've  'eard  as 
"a  friend  in  need  is  a  friend  indeed,"  so  one  met  say  as  poor  owd 
Ben's  a  friend  in-kneed,  or  whad  they  callen  knap^kneedJ 

KNATTEB  [nat'ur'J,  v.  n,  to  find  fault  incessantly  about  trifles. — 
Pulverbatch.  *  I  wish  yo'  66dna  knatter  all  the  wilde  about  nuthin', 
the  poor  wench  dunna  know  whad  to  do  to  be  right — 'er's  farly  cowed 
down.' 

KN ATTEBED,  jmrf.  adj.  peevish ;  irritable. — Newport  ;  Wem. 

KHEADINO-HIT,  sh.  a  four-sided  wooden  vessel  used  for  kneading 
purposes :  it  is  longer  than  broad,  and  narrower  at  the  bottom  than 
the  top,  and  is  furnished  at  each  end  with  a  close-fitting  handle  by 
which  to  carry  it. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch..  Qy.  com.  Some- 
times it  is  called  by  one  or  other  of  the  older  terms,  kneading-trow,  or 
kneading-tumel.     See  below. 

KNEASING-TBOW  [tr'oa*],  sh.,  ohsoh.  a  thing  similar  in  shape  to 
the  kneading-mit  above,  but  much  bigger,  in  fact,  it  is  a  rude  piece 
of  furniture,  standing  on  four  legs,  having  a  (detached)  flat  lid  which 
fits  closely  on  to  it,  so  that  when  covered  it  serves  as  a  table,  and  is 
about  the  height  of  one. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch. 


> 


i'^ 


240  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

An  Inventory  dated  at  Aston  Botterell,  about  1758,  comprises 
*  1  Neading  Troa/e,* 

*  Anon  go  get  us  fast  into  this  in 
A  kneding  trough  or  elles  a  kenielyn» 
For  eche  of  us ;  but  loke  that  they  ben  large. 
In  which  we  mowen  swimme  as  in  a  barge.' 

Chaucer,  C,  T.,  1.  3548. 

See  Oh  (2)  (4)  in  Qramxnar  OutlineB  {consonants), 

ENEADIVO-TXTSHEL,  sb.,  obsols,  same  as  Eneading-trow,  above. 
— Newport  ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmere.    Of.  TumeL 

KHED,  same  as  Knad,  q.  v. — ^Worthen.    A.S.  cnedan^  to  knead ; 
p.  p.  cneden^ 


'ftve  to  be  broke  agen,  to  be  piit  straight.' 

*  The  verb  to  knit  is  used  oy  old  writers  in  the  sense  of  to  unite. 
Thus  in  Sloane  MS.  3548,  1  99,  5.  is  given  an  extraordinary  nostrum 
'*  for  to  knyt  synous  |»at  are  brokyne.  Take  greyte  wormes  J>at  are 
called  angeltwycthys,  and  lat  hem  dry  in  J^e  sunne,  and  J^en  beyte 
hem  to  powder,  and  strew  {'at  powder  in  |>e  wounde*  and  yt  shfdl 
knytte  to-geder.  Frohatum  est  sepissimeJ*^ ' — Way,  in  Prompt,  Parv.y 
p.  279. 

A.S.  cnyttan,  to  tie ;  to  make  a  knot.     See  below. 

(2)  V.  o.  to  join,  or  close,  firmly  together. — Pulverbatck.  '  Wen 
a  mon  knits  his  lips  athatn,  it  shewn s  the  temperas  none  o'  the  best.' 

*^Knyttynge,  or  ioynynge,  or  rabetynge  to-gedyr  of  ^  bordys,  or 
ojjer  lyke.     Oum/us.* — Prompt,  Parv. 

(3)  V.  n,  to  set,  or  form,  for  fruit,  as  blossoms  do. — Pulverbatch  ; 
Newport.  '  I  think  theer*ll  be  a  good  'it  o*  apples  this  time — they 
eeemen  to  be  knit  like  traces  o'  Inions.' 

*  It  is  better  to  knit  than  blossom.* 

Ray's  Proverbs,  p.  127. 

*  Knyttynge  to-gedyr,  Nodacio,  connodado,  connexusj — Prompt,  Parv, 

*  Nodo,  to  knit  or  tie  knots,  to  button.' — Did.  Etym,  Lat, 

(4)  V,  n.  to  cluster,  or  hang,  together,  as  bees  do  in  swarming. — 
Pulverbatch  ;  Newport.  *  I  never  like  to  see  the  bees  knit  on  the 
ground— if  s  a  sure  sign  of  a  berrin.' 

Compare  Judges  xx.  11 :  '  They  were  all  knit  togetJier  as  one  man/ 

KHIVES  AlTD  F0EE8,  ab,  Lycopodium  davatum,  common  Club- 
moss. — Clun,  Bopton  Castle.     Cf.  Lamb's-tails. 

XITOBBLE  [nob'l],  v.  a.  to  hammer ;  to  knock,  but  not  forcibly. — 
PlTLVERBATCH.  '  My  Grandmother's  knobhled  me  many  a  time  66th 
the  wil-pin  [wheel-pin]  Veu  I  hanna  carded  the  zolla  well,'  said 
Hannah  Bevan  [1879], 

KNOCKING  AfiOITT,  iihr,  a  common  every-day  expression,  which 
takes  in  a  wide  range  of  meaning — a  number  of  people  moving  about, 
goi])g  hither  and  thither,  are  said  to  be  '  knocking  about ;  *   things 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  241 

incapable  of  motion  are  '  knocking  about  the  place ; '  cnrrent  rumours, 
&c.,  are  equally  *  knocking  ahoui;*  as,  for  example,  when  an  old 
ballad-tune  was  sought  to  be  recovered,  an  inquiry  about  it  was  met 
by  the  assurance  that  '  it  was  knockin*  abotU  the  country,  an'  some- 
body wuz  safe  to  get  it.' 

KHOOB.    See  Vogfl. 

KHOPPLE  [nop'l],  (1)  V.  n.  to  rule ;  to  be  the  head  over. — Pulvbr« 
BATCH.     *  '£  flhanna  knopple  o'er  me.'    Gf.  A.S.  cnaeppy  top,  in  Stbat. 

(2)  bI,  a  small  lump. — ^Wobthen.  *  Cut  me  a  tidy  piece  o'  bread 
an'  a  nice  knopple  o'  cheese.' 

•  O.Du,  knoppe  (nodiM,  huHa^  gtmma),  knop,  button,  bud.' — Stbat. 

KB  or.    See  Posy-knot 

KHOUP  [nou-pl  V.  a.  to  toll  the  church-bell. — Clbb  Hills.  '  'E's 
on'^  knouped  the  bell  seven  times,  so  'e'll  on'y  be  'ere  seven  year.' 
This  observation  bore  reference  to  a  current  belief  that  when- 
according  to  the  rites  of  induction — a  clergyman  tolls  the  bell  on 
being  put  into  possession  of  his  church,  the  number  of  years  he  will 
hold  tne  living  are  {are-told  by  the  same  number  of  strokes  on  the  belL 
Knoup  is  evidently  a  corrupted  form  of  M.E.  knap,  to  strike,  used  in 
the  sense  of  to  toll  in  the  following : —  * 

*  M.  Mery,  .  •  •  fiirewell  Roger  olde  knaue, 
Gbod  night  Roger  olde  knaue,  knaue  knap. 
Pray  for  the  late  maister  Roister  Bolsters  soule, 

Ana  come  forth  parish  Clarke,  let  the  passing  bell  toll* 
Pray  for  your  mayster  sirs,  and  for  hym  rin^  a  peale.' 

Router  Doitteff  Act.  lij.  So.  i^'.  p.  46. 
C£  Snap  (2). 

KNOW  TO,  phr.  to  know  the  whereabouts  of  a  thing — a  more 
definite  expression  than  know  of,  which  is  understood  to  mean  rather 
the  knowledge  that  a  certain  thing  is  somewhere,  than  that  it  is 
in  any  particular  spot.  Com.  'Dost  'ee  know  to  the  brummock, 
Dick  ? '  '  Aye,  I  sid  the  wench  '2lve  it  jest  now — outtin'  sticks  fur  the 
oven.' 

KHTJBL  [nurl'l,  (1)  sh.  a  knot  in  timber. — Pulverbatch;  Wbm. 
'  Tak'  it  a  bit  lower,  yo'  canna  saw  through  that  knurl,  it's  *'  as  'ard 
as  brazil" ' 

*  NoduB,  a  knot,  a  knurl,  .  .'■»— Dtcf.  Etym,  Lai, 
8w.  knorla,  to  twist. 

(2)  $h.  a  short,  stiff,  thick-set  person. — Atoham;  Pttlyebbatoh  ; 
Wem.  '  Whad  a  stumpy  knurl  Dick  keeps  ! — 'e  dunna  erow  a  bit.' 
'  'E  may  well  be  a  knurl,  'is  nasty  owd  Faither*s  punned  im  into  the 
yerth  aumust.'    Chaucer  has  '  knarre*  in  the  same  sense : — 

*  The  Mellebe  was  a  stout  carl  for  the  nones, 
Ful  big  he  was  of  braun,  and  eek  of  boones ; 

He  was  schort  schuldred,  brood,  a  thikke  knarrej 

The  Prologue,  L  M9,  ed*  Morris. 

R 


242  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK* 

'  In  Homei^B  craffc  Jock  ^Glton  thrivee ; 
Eschylufi'  pen  Will  Shakespeare  driyee ; 
Wee  J?opey  the  knurlin,  'tiU  him  riyes 

Horatian  fame ; 
In  thy  sweet  sang,  Barbauld,  suryiyes 

Even  Sappho's  flame/ 
BoBSBT  BuBNS,  Poems,  p.  114,  L  15. 

XVTTBLED,  adj,  stunted ;  dwarfed. — PuLyBRBATOH.  ^  The  cabbitch 
dunna  come  on  kindly,  they  bin  all  knotted  an'  knurled — ^theei's  no 
growth  in  'em,' 

KOLIHO  rkoa-linl,  sK  a  rough-tasting  apple,  like  tho  crab,  found  in 
cider-orchards.-^ui>iiOW. 

KTEKLOCK.    See  KerlociL 

KTOITF.    See  Keoup. 

KTOTTSE.    See  Keonse. 

XTOTTT.    See  Keout 

KTPB.    See  Kipe. 

STYE.    BeeSiTe. 


LACE,  V.  a,  to  beat;  to  thrash. — ^PuLyERBATCH ;  Cravbn  Arms. 
Qy.  com.  *  If  that  lad  wuz  mine  I'd  lace  'im  as  lung  as  I  could  stand 
o'er  'im.' 

Pegge  giyes  *  Lace,  to  thresh  a  person,     ''I  laced  his  jacket  for 
him.'^    l^rth.'    Cf.  Leather. 

LADE-OATJV,  same  as  Oaun  (2),  q.  y. — Newport.  See  Ladt/n% 
with  Way's  note,  in  Prompt,  Parv,y  p.  283. 

*  A.S.  hladan;  O.H.Qerm.  {h)ladan;  O.IceL  hla^a,  to  lade  [=  to 
load].'--STRAT. 

LADIES  AHD  OEHTLEHEV,  eh.  the  flower-spikes  of  Arum  macu- 
Mum.~SHBEW8BX7RT.  Cf.  Devil's  Men  and  Women.  See  Cows 
and  Cauves. 

LADIES'-PUKSES,  ^.  pi.  the  flowers  of  the  Calceolaria.    Qy.  com, 

LAD-LICKEDy  part.  adj.  beaten,  yanquished  by  a  youth. — ^PuLyKR- 
BATcn.  *  So  some  o'  the  owd  warriors  fyillage  pugilists]  got  beaten, 
I  'ear.'  '  A]^e,  the  owd  nns  bin  'ard-nsted,  but  the  young  uns  bin 
nimble,  yo'  sin,  an'  so  owd  Jim  got  lad-licked.*    See  Lick  (1). 

LAD'S-LOVE,  sb.  Artemisia  abrotanum,  Southern-wood. — PuLysR- 
BATCH.    Qy.  com.    Of.  Old-Kan. 

LADY-COW,  sb.  Coccinella  septem  pimdata^  the  Lady-b^  — 
Shrewsbttry  ;  Wem.    Qy,  com. 

*  Lady 'COW,  lady-cow,  fly  thy  way  home, 
Thy  house  is  on  fire,  thy  dbildren  all  gone, 
All  but  one  that  lie;s  under  a  stone, 
Flythee  home,  laay^eow,  ere  it  be  gone.' 
J.  O.JSalltwell's  Nur$ery  Rhymes  o/ England,  DXXXm. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ABCHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  243 

Mr.  HaUiwell  says  the  foregoing  stanza  'is  of  yery  considerable 
antiquity,  and  is  common  in  Torksnire.' 

Mr.  Wedgwood  remarks  that  'the  comparison  of  a  beetle  to  a 
cow  seems  strange,  but  in  other  cases  the  names  of  certain  animals 
are  given  to  insects  of  different  kinds/  and  he  instances  the  large 
black  beetle — 'The  Devil's  Coach-horse'  [q.v.  ante],  called  in  O.N. 
Jotun-oxif  tiie  Giant's  ox.  He  says,  *  The  name  Lady-bird — rapidly 
supplanting  that  of  Lady- Cow — ^was  probably  given  to  the  pretty 
little  beetle  which  bears  it  as  being  more  appropriate  to  a  flying 
creature ; '  but  adds  that  *  bird  here  may  be  a  corruption  of  bode,  or 
budf  a  name  given  to  insects  of  different  yanda—aham-bode,  dung- 
beetle,  wool-bode,  hairy  caterpillar.'  He  gives  as  his  authority  for 
this,  '  E.  Adams  on  names  of  insects  in  Philolog.  Trans.' 

See  God-A'mighty's  Lady-Gow. 

XADY-GLOVE,  eh.  Digitalis  purpurea,  purple  Foxglove. — ^Ellbs- 
MEKE.  One  of  the  French  names  for  the  Digitalis  is  '  ganU  de  notre 
Dame.'    See  Lady's-fingers,  below. 

XADY-0BA8S,  sh.  Dactylia  elegant issima^  variegated  Cocksfoot- 
grass;  the  striped  'riband-grass'  of  the  garden.  Qy.  com.  Cf, 
Lady's-ribanda. 

LADTS-FIHOEES,  sh.  same  as  Lady-gloTe.— Clun.  So  likewise 
in  French  it  is  '  doigts  de  la  Vierge.* 

LABY-SMOCKi  Cardaniine  pratengis,  common  Bitter-ciess.    Com. 

'  When  daisies  pied  and  violets  blue 
And  lady-smocks  all  silver  white 
And  cuckoo-buds  of  yellow  hue 

Do  paint  the  meadows  with  delight.' 

Lov^s  Labour  Lost,  Y.  ii.  (f,he  Song). 

'This  plant  (Cardamine)  is  called  in  English  Cuckowe-flower,  at  the 
Namptwich  in  Cheshire,  where  I  had  my  beginning,  Ladie  Smocks, 
which  hath  eiuen  me  cause  to  Christen  it  after  my  Countrey  fashion.' 
— Oebabde^  HerbaU,  Bk.  II.  p.  261. 

'  Looking  down  the  Meadows,  [I]  could  see  here  a  Boy  gatheiing 
Lillies  and  Lady-smocks,  and  there  a  Girle  cropping  CulvenLcys  and 
Cowslips  all  to  make  Garlands  suitable  to  this  pleasant  Month  of 
May.' — The  Compleat  Analer,  ch.  xi.  p.  214,  ed.  1663. 

*  Ladies  Smock,  an  Herbi  otherwise  called  Cuckoo  Flower,* — ^Bailet, 
ed.  1727. 

LADTS-BIBAHDS,  same  as  Lady-grau,  q.  v. — ^Pulverbatch.  Cf. 
liove's-laces. 

LADY- WITH-THE-TEir  -FLOUHCES ,  the  Goldfinch.  —  Clun. 
Children's  term.    Cf  Sheriff's-Man,    See  Jack-Nicol. 

LAO  [lag'],  V.  n.  to  fall  behind ;  to  come  slowly  on ;  to  retard.  Com. 
'Now  then,  come  alung;  'ou  yo'  done  lag  behind.' 

*  Then  farre  behind  they  come  I  troe,  that  strive  to  run  before. 
We  mubt  goe  lagging  on,  as  legges  and  limmes  were  lame.' 

Chtjbchyakd*b  Poems,  p.  68, 1.  27. 

The  slow  movements  of  geese  coming  up  from  pasture  are  accelerated 
by  the  call  *  lug,  lag,  lag*    See  Call- words. 

R  2 


244  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-JBOOK. 

'W.  llag^  loose;  'slack;  sluggish.  Gael,  lag,  feeble;  faint,'  in 
Wedo.    See  Lag-last,  below. 

LAO-EITD,  (1)  sb,  the  heaviest  portion,  either  of  work  or  of  weight. 
—PULVEKBATCH.     *  Yo*  al'ays  gin  me  the  lag-end  o'  the  sack.' 

i2)  the  remainder;  the  latter  end. — Pulyerbatch.     'Poor  ond 
ow  !  it's  very  'ard  to  know  want  at  the  lag-end  on  'is  days.* 

*  Wor.  .  .  I  could  be  well  content 
To  entertain  the  lag-end  of  mv  life 
With  quiet  hours.    .... 

1  K.  Henry  /K,  V.  L  24. 

LAGOEITS,  sh.  pLy  ohsols.  refuse  pieces  and  strips  of  wood,  used  to 
*  line  out' — i.  c.  make  level — ^a'roof,  under  the  tiles. ^—Bbidoitobth. 

LAOOEBHEflTS,  sh.  pi,,  ohsols,  fragments ;  odds  and  ends  of  pieces 
left  from  work. — Pulvbrbatch.  *  Pick  up  yore  laggerments,  they  bin 
all  o'er  the 'ouse.'    Cf.  Libbets. 

LAO-IiAST,  sh.  a  loiterer.  Com.  'Now  then,  shift  yore  fit;  I 
warrant  yo'  bin  al'ays  lag-last,*    Compare  K,  Richard  111.,  II.  i.  90. 

LAMBS' -TAILS,  sh,  same  as  Knives  and  Forks,  q.  v. — Cusv, 

Hopton  Castle, 

LAKB-TAILS,  sh.  the  catkins  of  Corylus  AveUana — ^Hazel  and 
Filbert  trees. — Shrewsbtjby;  Pulvebbatch. 

LAMKAS-PLTJH,  sh.  a  dark,  purple  plum,  which  has  its  'due 
season '  for  becoming  ripe  at  Lammas-tide — the  first  week  in  August. 
— Pulvbrbatch  ;  Wbm.  *  Whad  bin  yo'  atin',  Jack  ? '  *  On'y  a  bit 
o'  glue  off  the  Lammas-plum  tree.'    See  Glue. 

LAMMEL  [lam'il],  v.  a.  to  beat — a  school-boy's  term. — ^Wesllino- 
TON.     Qy.  com. 

Bailey — ed.  1782 — ogives  'To  Lamm,  to  baste  one's  Shoulders,  to 
drub  one.' 

'O.N.  lemja,  to  give  a  sound  drubbing;  N,  Icemja,  to  beat,' 
in  Wedq. 

IiAB'DBAXE  [lan'dr'aik],  sh.,  var.  pr.  the  Landrail. — Clun  ;  Bbidg- 
KOBTH.    See  Corncrake. 

LAHOET  [lang'it],  (1)  sh.  the  iron  socket  into  which  the  *  tree '  of  a 
spade  fits. — I^lvebbatch  ;  Bishop's  Castle  ;  Clun. 

(2)  sh.  a  somewhat  long  and  narrow  iron  stay,  such  as  is  used  in 
securing  a  '  hurter '  to  the  axle-tree  of  a  tumbreL — Pulveebatch. 

'  Langate  or  Languet  (from  the  Fr.  langue,  a  tongue),  a  long  and 
narrow  piece  of  lana  or  other  thing.' — Blount's  Oloasographia,  p.  363. 

Grose  has  '  Langot  (of  the  shoe),  the  strap  of  the  shoe.    N.' 

LAhtua  [lan'tun],  sh.,  var.  pr,  a  lantern.    Qy.  com.    Cf.  Lontnn. 

LAVTUN-FirFF,  same  as  Lontan-pnf^  q.  v.— Weic. 

LAP  [lap],  V.  a.  to  fold;  to  wrap;  to  envelop.  Com.  (1)  "Ere, 
lap  that  *ankercher  up  afore  yo'  piitten  it  away.'  (2)  'Fatch  my 
5dllen  shawl  to  lap  round  the  child — itll  be  starved  gwein  o'er  the 
'ill,  fur  it's  a  mighty  cowd  night' 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  245 

'  |>aii  wist  William  wel  *  bi  )>e  bestes  wiUe, 
i>at  lie  ]fe  hert  &  fte  hinde  *  hade  t^ere  slayne, 
>»^Tn  &  his  loueliche  lemman  *  to  lappe  in  )>e  skinnes.' 

William  o/Faleme,  L  2576. 

The  Y^diffite  yersion — ed.  A.D.  1388 — ^has,  *  And  whanne  the  bodi 
was  takun,  Joseph  lappide  it  in  a  dene  sendel.' — Matt,  xxvii.  29. 

*  Lappyh\  or  whappyn'  yn  clo^ys  (happyn  to-gedyr,  S,  wrap  to- 
geder  in  clothes,  P.).  Involvo,  **  Flica,  to  folde,  or  lappe.  Volvo,  to 
tume,  or  lappe." — Med.  Palsgrave  gives  the  following  phrases : 
**  Lappe  this  cnylde  well,  for  the  weather  is  colde,  enudopez  bien,  &o. 
Lappe  this  hoode  aboute  your  head,  affubley  vous  de  ce  chaperon,**  * — > 
Prompt.  Parv.  and  Notes, 

See  Lapt,  below. 

LAPE  [lai'pl,  V,  a.  to  lap  with  the  tongue,  as  dogs,  &c. — Whit- 
ckuboh;  Ellesmere. 

'  And  if  hym  Ivst  for  to  lafe  *  )>e  lawe  of  kvnde  wolde 
That  he  dronke  at  oche  diche  *  ar  he  for  thurste  deyde.' 

Piere  PI,  Text  B.,  pass.  xx.  L  18. 
O.Du.  lapen,  Idem, 

LAPESIHO  [lai'pu'sin],  part.  pres.  dabbling,  as  in  water  or  '  slop '  of 
any  kind.--!ELLE8MEBE.  *Them  childem  bin  al'ays  lapesin*  i*  the 
waiter ;  I  never  seed  the  like  on  'em.' 

LAPPED  O'EB  TOHaXTE,  pUr.,  sU  tasted;  drunk.  —  Atohah  ; 
Ellesmehe.  Qy.  com.  '  It's  as  good  drink  as  iver  wuz  lapped  o'er 
tongue* 

LAPT,  part.  adj.  folded  ;  inwrapped ;  enclosed ;  enveloped.     Com. 

11)  '  Han'ee  lapi  them  tuthree  things  in  a  good  strung  paper  as  6dnna 
le  likely  to-bost  ? '  (2)  *The  poor  child's  scauded 'er  fiit  despertly.' 
•  WhaVee  piit  to  it  'r  *  Well,  we'n  lapt  it  round  66th  traicle  an' 
flour,  it's  the  best  remeddy  theer  is  fur  fatchin'  the  fire  out.' 

'  The  towne  is  built,  as  in  a  pit  it  were, 
By  water  side,  all  lapt  about  with  hill.* 
Ohubghtard's  Poems,  p.  70,  L  2.    (Towne  of  Breakenoke.) 

'  Here  doth  two  Corpse  lie  sleeping  here, 
The  Husband  &  the  Wife  most  dear, 
Lapt  up  in  Clay  they  must  remain 
Till  Clmst  doth  call  them  out  again.' 

Epitaph  in  Clungun/ord  Churchyard, 

' ''  OhvolvOf  to  lappe  about.  Involutus,  i,  circumdatus,  lapped  or 
wrapped.  Involutio,  a  lappynge  in." — Obtus.  **To  lappe,  volvere, 
convotvefe.  To  lapp  in,  intricare,  involvere"  &c. — Cath.  Ano.  This 
verb  is  used  most  commonly  in  the  sense  of  wrapping  as  a  garment.' 
— ^Way,  in  Prompt  Parv, 

See  Lap,  above. 

LARK-HEELED,  adj.  having  a  long  projecting  heel — Pulverbatch. 
Qy.  com.  'Bin  yo'  sure  yo'n  got  the  instep  o'  that  stockin'  wide 
enough  P— 'cause  Charlie's  rather  lark-eeVd,  yo'  knowen.* 

LABV.    See  Leam. 

LABBAHCE  [laar^'uns],  <(.,  var,  pr,  the  'Genius*  of  idle  people. 


346  3HE0PSHIBE  WOBD-BOOK. 

They  are  said  to  have  Larranee  on  their  back.    Com.  ^ '  That  chap*s 
got  Larranee  on  H$  back,  'e  dunna  do  *afe  a  nour^s  work  in  a  day.* 

LABSVlt  Paar^'am],  «6.,  var.  pr.  the  alarum  of  a  clock.  Qy.  com. 
*  Dick,  yo'  mind  an  get  up  w'en  yo'  'ear  the  larrum,'  *  las,  Miaais'— 
but  Dick  muttered  to  himself — 'I  get  too  much  larrum  [scolding],  so 
be'appen  I  shanna  'ear  it ! ' 

LABBVP  [laar^'up],  v,  a.  to  beat. — Oswestrt. 

'  Du.  larpt  a  lash ;  larpen^  to  thresh  in  a  peculiar  manner,  bringing 
all  the  flails  to  the  gfround  at  once. — Bomhoff,'  in  Wkdo. 

LABBT  [laai^'i'],  sh.  a  confused  noise,  as  of  a  number  of  people  all 
talking  together. — Pulyb&batch.  *  I  'eard  a  fine  larrtf  W  night- 
folks  gweKn  down  the  Moat  lane.* 

LAT  [lat*],  (1)  «&.  a  lath.  Ck)nL  Usoally  heard  in  the  plural  form — 
'  one  o'  them  laU,^ 

*  LatcUf*  explained  by  Mr.  Wright  as  *  laths,*  occurs  in  The  Didion^ 
artui  of  John  de  Oariande,  first  h/Af  xiii  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  yoL  L 
p.  137. 

'  A.a  laUa  ;  O.Du.  laUe  ;  O.H.Germ.  laUa,  lat  (lath),  cmmt,'  in  St&at. 

(2)  adj,  slow ;  tedious.  Com.  '  Yo*n  find  it  a  M  job  to  shift  all 
them  *urdles  by  yoreself.' 

« ^nne  com  |»e  kyng  Eualao  *  and  fuUouht  askes; 
In  pe  nome  of  l^e  mder  *  loseph  him  folwede. 
Called  him  Mordreyns  *  *'  a  Mrf  mon"  in  trou)>e/ 

Joeeph  of  Arimathie,  L  695. 

Mr.  Skeat  gives  the  following  Glossarial  Note,  p.  65 : — '  Mordreyns 
is  explained  to  mean  "  tardieus  en  creanche,**  slow  of  belief.  A  lat 
mon  =  a  slow  or  sluggish  man ;  lit.  a  late  man.' 

«A.S.  last;  O.Sax.  lai;  O.Icel  latr;  Goth.  laU,  lat;  iardue,'  in 
Strat. 

r3)  adj.  backward ;  late. — Shbewsbtjby  ;  Pulvebbatch.   Qy.  com. 
'Mr.  Clarke's  doats  bin  lot,  but  they  wunna  sowed  tell  after  May- 
'    Daj,  an'  the  M6at-'all  groun'  's  never  very  yarly — an'  as  the  owd 
saym'  is — ''  lat  sowin'  mak's  lat  mowin'." '    See  I<at-time, 


LATCH,  V.  a.  to  survey  the  underground  workings  of  a  mine,    Qy* 
com.— M.  T,    Called  dialling  in  Derbyshire. 

LATHEB  riaadh-ur'],  (!)"«&,  var.  pr. ja  ladder.     Com. 

'  2*he  varte  howae,  two  tumbrels  with  bare  wheeles,  fowre  latJters, 
twelve  Gutter  powles  for  the  Water  Course.' — Inventory  .  .  •  Owlbury 
Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625.    A.S.  Icsdder,  Idem. 

(2)  [laa'dhur*],  adv,,  oheoU.  rather.— Pulyekbatch*    Cf.  Lother. 

LATHT  riath'i'],  (1)  adj.  thin;  spare  of  frame. — ^Pulvkbbatch.    'I 
think  o  pfittin;  Jim  to  a  trade,  Vs  a  poor  lathy  lad — nod  fit  f^  'ard 
work.' 
*  Lelhy  or  weyke,  Flexibilia'— iVomp*.  Parv, 

(2)  adj\  light  and  poor  in  the  ear :  said  of  grain. — Ibid,  *  If  U  be 
a  poor  ild  this  time,  the  ears  bin  despert  lathy  an'  green.'    Cf 


GLOSSABT  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  247 

LATITAT  [lati'tat],  bK^  oheols.  senseless  talk. — Pulverbatch.  '  Kone 
o*  yore  UUitat;  j&  bin  about  as  wise  as  a  snckin'  gtilly.' 

LATHESS,  same  as  Lattanoe,  below. — ^Ellesmbrb. 

LATTAVCE,  sb.  an  impediment  in  the  speech. — Pulvbrbatch; 
Wem.  '  It's  a  sad  denial  to  the  poor  lad  '&vin'  sich  a  lattance  in  'is 
speech.'^  '  Ah  I  'e  can  swar  fast  enough.'  iMt,  with  a  kindred  mean- 
ing of  hindrance,  occurs  in  the  following : — 

'  **  And  as  that  I  am  feithful  knvcht  and  trew. 
At  nycht  to  vow  I  enter  fhall  sjaine. 
But  if  that  ^th  or  other  lai  oertan, 
Throw  wich  I  [may]  have  fuch  Impediment, 
That  I  be  hold,  magre  myne  entent." ' 

Lancdd  of  the  Lath,  1.  958. 
A.S.  ketan,  to  hinder. 

JJlTTESISQ  [Iat*nin],  part.  adj.  retarding. — ^Pulvbrbatch  ;  Wem. 
« This  oowd  weather's  mighty  latl^nin'  to  the  tillin'.' 
A.S.  Icetan.    See  Lattin',  below. 

LATTEBKATH  [lat*ur'muth],  sb.  same  as  Aftermath,  q.  y.--LuDL0W. 
•  Whad  sort'n  &laUermuth  han  yo'  P ' 
'  Lateward  hay,  laiermatk.' — noUyban^$  Dictionaries  1593,  in  Hai*. 
A.S.  lator^  later ;  and  A.S.  base,  matt. 

LAT-TIME,  sb,  a  backward  season. — Shrewsburt;  Pulvbrbatch. 
Qy.  com.  '  It's  a  many  'ears  sence  we  'ad'n  sich  a  lat-iime  as  this 
[1879] — ^I  remember  one  'ear  w'en  the  damsons  wun  as  green  as  grass 
at  Churton  Wakes  [1st  Sunday  after  Sep.  27th],  but  that  mus'  be 
forty  'ear  ago,  or  close  upon  it '  [1839  P].    Gf.  Lat  (3). 

LATTin*,  part.  ojdj.  hindering — 'the  rain  is  very  lattin'.' — Clek 
Hills.    Of.  Lattening. 

LAXTOHIVO-BIBD,  sb.  the  Green  Woodpecker.— Weh.    See  EcaU. 

LAWN  [lau'n],  eb.^  obsols.  a  term  still  employed  by  some  of  the  older 

gentry  to  designate  the  park-like  area  which  is  ac^acent  to  their 
ouses,  and  through  which  mna  an  approach,  formerly  called  the 
'coach-road' — now,  the  'carriage-drive  (at  Berwick  this  has  an 
extent  of  half  a  mile  or  thereabout). — Shrewsbury,*  Newport; 
Oswestry.  Qy.  com.  The  laum  is  distinguished  from  the  park 
proper  by  having  no  deer  in  it ;  the  home  stock  graze  its  pasture, 
out  when  its  acreage  is  very  extensive  it  is  occasionallv  let  as  a 
'  ley ' — as  at  Berwick.  *  1  canna  tell  who  rents  Berwick  faum  sence 
Mr.  Goush  o'  Gravel  'HI  'eld  it,  but  I  sid  a  lot  o'  ship  an'  cattle  i'  the 
park  as  I  went  by,  an  mighty  good  sorted  things  they  wun.' 

' "  And  ^us  I  went  wide-whore  *  walkyng  myne  one^ 
By  a  wUde  wildemesse  *  and  hi  a  wode-syde, 
Biisse  of  (k)  briddes  *  [abyde  me  made,] 
And  vnder  a  lynde  vppon  a  launde  *  lened  I  a  stounde, 
To  lythe  ye  layee  *  ^  iouely  foules  made." ' 

Piere  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  viii.  1,  6^. 


248  SHROPSHIBS  WORD-BOOK. 

' clothed  al  in  gteene» 

On  honting  be  thay  riden  ryallT. 
And  to  the  groTe,  that  stood  ful  faste  by, 
In  which  ther  was  an  hert  as  men  him  tolde, 
Duk  Theseus  the  streyte  wey  hath  holde. 
And  to  the  launde  he  rydeth  him  ful  righte, 
For  thider  was  the  heix  wont  have  his  nighte.' 

Chaucer,  The  Knighles  Tale,  1.  833,  ed.  Morris. 

'  First  Keeper.  Under  this  thick-grown  brake  we'll  shroud  ouraelyes ; 
For  through  this  laund  anon  the  deer  will  come ; 
And  in  this  ooyert  will  we  make  our  stand. 
Culling  the  principal  of  all  the  deer.* — 3  K.  Henry  VL,  HL  i.  2. 

*  then  went  they  downe  into  the  Laumdc 
these  Noblemen  all  3 
eche  of  them  slew  a  hart  of  greece 
they  beet  that  they  cold  see.' 

Adam  BeU,  Clime  of  the  Cloughe,  and  WiUiam  of 
CUmdeslee,  I  419.  Percy  Folio  MS.,  vol  iiL 
p.  92,  ed.  Hales  and  FumiyalL 

Mr.  Fumiyall  gives  a  footnote : — '  Lavmde,  a  dear  space  in  a  forest,* 
A  Glossarial  Note — ^p.  658 — ^by  Mr.  Viles,  says — *  **  Lawne,  a  plain, 
untiUed  ground."  —  J3i*«o&ar'«  Did.,  1656,'  and  adds,  [other]  'old 
dictionaries  define  laund,  **  a  piece  of  ground  that  neyer  was  tilled,"  * 
and  instances  *  Oaken  Lawn,  a  rugged  common  bordering  Salop  oa 
the  Staffordshire  side. 

Granted  the  foregoing,  it  seems  probable  that  a  &rm  called  the 
Lawn,  situated  midway  oetween  Castle  Fulverbatch  and  Habberley 
(Salop),  has  retained  the  ap[>ellation  it  bore  when  jet  'untilled 
ground.'  A  rabbit-warren  which  skirts  it  on  one  side  is  known  as 
the  *  Lawn  Hill.' 

Ash  gives  *  Lawn,  an  open  space  between  woods.' 

Bailey — ed.  1782 — ^has  *  Lawn,  a  great  Plain  in  a  Park,  or  between 
two  Woods.' 

*  Lawnde  of  a  wode.  Saltus,  Camden,  in  his  Bemains,  explains 
laund  as  signifying  a  plain  among  trees.  Thus  in  the  account  of  the 
hunting  expedition,  I})omvdon,  383,  the  Queen's  pavilion  was  pitched 
at  a  **  laund  on  hight,''  wnence  she  might  command  a  view  of  all  the 

game  of  the  forest **Indago,  a  parke,  a  huntyng  place,  or  a 

.  lawnde."— Oetus.  **A  lawnde,  eaUusr^CATH.  Awo.  **  Launde  a 
playne,  launde,'* — ^Palso.  *'  Lande,  a  land  or  launde,  a  wUd  untHled 
shrubbie  or  bushy  plaine." — CoTO.'    Prompt,  Parv,  and  Notes, 

W.  Uan,  a  dear  space. 

LAWTEB  [lau'tur'],  sh.  the  complement  of  eggs  for  a  'sitting'  laid 
by  the  mother-bird  before  she  broods :  a  term  of  the  poultry-yard. — 
Shrewsbxtby;  PtJLVBRBATOH ;  Worthen;  Wellington;  Wbm. 
'  'Er's  a  capital  goose,  'er  brought  twelve  gullies  the  first  hetch,  an' 
'er's  laid  seven  e^^  o'  the  secont  lawter,* 
Grose  gives  '  Laster,  or  Lawter,  thirteen  eggs  to  set  a  hen.    N.' 

LAT,  V.  a.  This  term,  when  applied  to  a  thorn-hedge,  means,  to  renew 
it  by  cutting  it  down  on  both  sides,  hewing  out  the  old  wood  and 
stumps,  leaving— or  placing — standards  at  given  distances,  and  then — 


a 


QLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  249 

haying  first  carefully  split  them  lengthwise — laying  down  the  young 
shoots,  intertwining  them  basket-fashion  between  the  uprights. — 
Newpobt;  T^T.T.TtRirRTMe.    CI  FleaclL 

LAYEBS,  sb,  pi.  the  quick-thorn  shoots  which  are  laid  down  to 

form  the  hedge. — Ibid, 

*  PI.  D,  hge,  a  row  of  things  laid  in  order  .  •  •  afleger,  a  layer  or 

offset  of  a  plant  laid  in  the  ground  to  strike  root.' — ^Wedo. 
«       Cf.  Pleachera. 

LATLOC  [lai'luk],  (1)  «&.,  var.pr.  Syringa  vulgaris,  common  Lilac. 
Qy.  conu 

'  Then  all  comes  crowdin'  in ;  afore  you  think 
The  oak-buds  mist  the  side-hill  woods  with  pink, 
The  cat-bird  in  the  lavlock  bush  is  loud. 
The  orchards  turn  to  heaps  o'  rosy  cloud.' 

J.  B.  Lowell. 
adj\  the  colour  *  lilac.'    Qy.  com. 
lyloc  for  lilac  was  the  pronunciation  of  &8hionable,  *  high  life '  folk 
in  the  days  of  George  lY.    See  Philology  of  the  English  Tongue,  p.  149. 

LAT  KE  Df ,  phr,  cost  me.  Com.  '  That  melch  cow  lay  me  in 
£20,  but  'er's  a  rar'  good  un.' 

LAT-0'£RS-FOBrMEDDLE£S,  sh.  an  undefinable  term,  used  to  ward 
off  a  child's  troublesome  inquisitiveness. — Shbewsbuby  ;  Pxtlyer- 
BATCH.  'Whad'n'ee  got  i'  the  basket,  Mother?'  * Lay-oWa-fur" 
meddlers,  an'  yo'  sha'n  to  sarred  first.'  Perhaps  the  idea  of  a  switch,  to 
lay  over  the  shoulders,  is  meant  to  be  conYeyed  in  this  figure  of  speech. 

LAZE,  LAZnrO.    See  Lease,  Leasing. 

LAZT-BACK,  eh.,  ohsols.  the  frame  for  holding  the  bakestone  over 
the  fire.-— Bbidonobth.    Cf.  Kaid  (3). 

LEAF,  (1)  sh.  a  layer  of  fat  spreading  oYer  certain  portions  of  the  interior 
carcase,  as  of  pigs  and  poultry ;  &e  leaf  of  a  pig  is  melted  down  for 
lard — the  leaf  of  a  goose  for  goose-oil — ^the  leaf  of  a  fowl  for  chicken- 
oil,  and  so  on.  Com.  The  sense  of  leaf  here  given  is  in  unison  with 
l£r.  Wedgwood's  assertion  that '  the  radical  meaning  [of  haf^  seems 
something  flat.'    Or.  Xf  irac  (lop-as),  a  scale. 

(2)  See  Lef. 

LKAEW  [laaVn  and  lur'n*],  v,  a.  to  teach.  Com.  '  I  should  like  to 
lam  the  bwoy  my  own  trade,  but  'is  Mother's  td6k  a  fancy  to  mak' 
'im  a  counter-skipper.' 

'  But  woldest  l^ou  for  godes  loue  *  leme  me  my  Crede.' 

P.  Pi.  Or.,  1.  402. 

'And,  modyr,  I  pray  yow  thys  byll  may  recomend  me  to  my 

ffustyrs  bothe,  and  to Syr  John  StyUe,  and  to  pray  hyai  to 

be  good  mastyr  to  lytyU  Jak,  and  to  leme  hym  well.' — Pa^on  Letters, 
A.D.  1467,  Yot  ii.  p.  319. 

*  Gal.  You  taught  me  language ;  and  my  profit  on't 
Is,  I  know  how  to  curse.    The  red  plague  nd  ^rou 
For  learning  me  your  language ! ' — Tempeeit,  1.  ii.  364, 

See  Psli,  zzy.  4--8 ;  cziz,  66. 


250  SHROPSmBE  WOBD-BOOK^ 

A.S.  idran;  Qerm,  lehrenj  to  teach.  Du.  keren  hsa  the  twofold 
meaning  of  to  teach  and  to  learn,  just  aa  Pioy.  E.  learn  haa 

LBftSE  [lai'zl,  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulyerbatch  ;  Wobthen  ;  Ellesmere. 
Qy.  com.  [lee'z],  Newport  ;  Whitchttrch  ;  Oswestry,  v.  o.  and  v.  n. 
to  pick  up  and  gather  together  the  scattered  ears  of  com  in  a  harvest- 
field  ;  to  glean.  '  It  wimna  use't  to  be  so  i'  the  poor  owd  ^Aister^s 
time,  he  aVays  loost  the  neighbours  in  among  the  mows,  to  laiae  afore 
the  mob  comen — ^but  now  yo*  mun  stop  till  every  shofs  out,  an'  the 
ell-rake  dragged  o'er  till  theer  inna-d-a  ear  lef .' 

' "  Ac  who  so  helpeth  me  to  crie  *  or  sowen  here  ar  I  wende^ 
Shal  haue  leue,  bi  owre  lorde  *  to  k^  here  in  heruest, 
And  make  hem  mery  ^ere-mydde  *  mausre  whoso  bigruocheth  it."' 

Fieri  PI.,  Text  B.,  pass.  vi.  1.  68. 

*  Gleaning  or  Letting  or  Songoinff,  is  gathering  of  the  loose  Ears  of 
Com^  after  Binding  and  Loa£ng. — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  TTT. 
ch.  iii.  p.  73. 

*  Gotn.  lUan,  to  lease,  gather,  collect;  Matt.  vi.  26;  viL  16.  Germ, 
and  Du.  lesen;  E.  hoK,  to  glean.' — Seeat*8  MoDBO'Oothic  Dictionary, 

LEASIVG  [lai'nn  or  lee*zin]y  according  to  localities  above,  «&. 
the  com  that  has  been  leased^  whether  tied  up  in  bundles  or — ^in  the 
case  of  short  ears — collected  in  the  '  ear-bag'  [q.  v.^  of  the  gleaner. 
•Weer's  yore  Faither  workin'  to-day,  Tumr'  *  E  mna  workin'  no- 
weer — 'e's  throshin'  the  lainn*  i'  Kite's  bam  [Cothercot]. ' 

'As  the  waggoner  of  Mr.  Menlove,  of  "Wackley,  near  Ellesmere, 
was  walking  l^uikwards  and  whipping  one  of  the  horses  in  the 
harvest-field,  a  few  days  since,  his  reet  got  entangled  in  some  IwMng 
which  threw  him  down,  and  the  wheels  passine  over  him,  he  wajs 
killed  on  tiier  spot' — Sciopian  Journal,  Sept.  19th,  1804,  in  Bytgones, 
July  23rd,  1879. 

LEASOW  [lez-u'],  sh.  a  pasture -field.  Com.  The  term  is  also 
applied  to  a  corn-field,  but  this  is  a  degenerate  use  of  it :  the  old  folk 
in  Corve  Dale  at  this  date  [1874]  reprove  the  younger  ones  for 
employing  the  word  *  com-leaaow,*  *  T  the  lane  w^n  a  ou^ht  to  be 
i'  the  leasow '  is  proverbially  said  of  one  who  is  not  in  the  nght  place 
at  the  right  tima 

'  Pa9cua,  laaswe,'  occurs  in  an  Anglo-Saxon  Vooahtdary,  zi.  cent, 
in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  80. 

Mr.  Wright  gives  the  following  note: — 'This  is  the  modem 
leasow — a  word  still  in  use,  in  some  parts  of  England,  in  the  significa- 
tion of  a  pasture-field.'  In  John  x.  9,  where  the  A.  Y.  has  '  pasture,' 
the  Wicliffite  version — ed.  A.D.  1388 — ^has  '  lesewis : ' — '  And  ne  schal 
go  ynne,  and  schal  go  out,  and  he  schal  fynde  leeeuns/ 
'  A.S.  totu,  a  pastoe ;  oommon.    CL  I^emmar, 

LEASTWAYS,  adv.  at  least.  Com.  'I  'ope  Jack'll  goo  ootb  'is 
Faither  to.  work  soon  —  lecuiuoays,  the  Maister  promised  me  'e'd 
tak'  'im.' 

Leastways  is  a  corruption  of  leaei-wise,  a  form  which  Mr.  Pegge 
notes  as  being  a  substitution,  by  the  '  Natives  of  London,'  for  '  at 
least.'  He  vindicates  the  word  from  vulgarity  by  quoting  its  literary 
use, — * "  At  least- wise." — Life  of  Lord  Herbert  of  Cherhury,  p.  9,' — 
and  says,  '  Weiae  is  a  German  word^  signifying  manner ; .  and  will  as 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC   251 

fidrly  combine  with  least  as  with  those  words  which  are  its  usual 
associates,  viz.,  like-vnae,  ©(Aer-wise,  &c.' — Anecdcie$  of  the  English 
Language,  p.  56,  ed.  1814. 

LEATHEK  [Icdh-ur*],  v.  a,  to  beat;  to  thraak  Com.  'Yo*  tell 
'ixn,  if  'e  dunna  let  yo'  alone  comin'  throm  school,  yore  Faither  11 
leather  *im  athin  a  ninch  on  'is  life.' 

Qrose  has  *  LecUher,  to  beat     N.'    Der.  <  leathering.' 

LEATHE^BAT,  ab.  Long-eared  Bat. — Bridonorth.  See  Billy-bat, 
also  Flitter-mouse.    Cf.  Leathering-bat,  below. 

LEATHEBINO,  eh,  a  beating ;  a  sound  dnibbing.  Com.  '  I  gid 
'im  sich  a  leatherin*  as  *e  neyer  wuz  maister  on  afore.' 

LEATHEBIVO-BAT,  same  as  Leather-bat,  above.— Clun. 

LEAVE  [leev*],  v.  a.  to  let ;  to  allow ;  to  permit. — Shrewsbury  ; 
Ellesmebe.  a  term  chiefly  used  in  asking  for  a  favour  to  be  granted. 
(1)  '  Missis  'as  sen'  to  know  if  yo*ll  leave  "er  'iive  a  can  o*  waiter  out 
o'  the  pump,  an'  'er'li  thank  yo'  kindly.'  (2)  *  Mary,  axe  yore  Mother 
if  'ej^ll  leave  yo'  g66  alung  5dth  me  to  the  Club.' 

• "  Now  god  leue  neure,"  quod  repentance  •  "  but  |>ow  repent  |>e  rather, 
pe  grace  on  pia  grounde  *  Id  good  wel  to  bisette, 

Ne  )^e  ysue  after  )^  * " ' 

Fiers  FL,  Text  B.,  pass.  v.  L  263. 

'  And  leue  sho  mo  him  y-se 
Heye  hangen  on  galwe  tre, 
pat  hire  haued  in  sorwo  brouth.' 

Havelokthe  Dane,  1.  334. 

Bee  Mr.  Skeatfs  'Qlossarial  Note '  on  leue^  in  Ilavelok,  p.  131. 
A.S.  lyfan;  Germ,  er  lauben,  to  allow;  permit 

LEDOEH  [lej'h'n,  sometimes  1^'h'ndj,  v.  a.  to  close  the  seams  of 
wooden  vessels  which  have  opened,  either  from  bavins  been  left  too 
long  dry,  or  in  consequence  of  the  '  grouping '  being  broken  ;  in  the 
former  case  simple  immersion  in  water  wiU  ledgen  the  tub  or  pail,  in 
the  latter  it  is  cooper's  work. — Wem  ;  Ellesmebs. 

Compare  *  Legge,  oner  twarte  byndynge  (ouer  wart,  S.  ledge.  P.). 
Ligaionum,'  in  Frompt  Farv. 

LEECH.    See  Beast-leeoh. 

* Lechty  mann  or  woman.  Medieus,  mediea*  "A  leche,  aliptes, 
empiricuSf  medicus^  cirurgicus,'* — Cath.  Ang.  *' Leche,  a  surgion, 
servrgion," — Palsq.  The  appellation  was  used  to  denote  those  who 
professed  any  branch  of  the  healing  art,  as  well  as  the  ladies,  who 
frequently  supplied  the  place  of  the  regular  practitioners.' — Frompt, 
Farv.  ana  Notes, 

AS.  IcBce;  Dan.  Icsge,  a  physician;  surgeon. 

LEF,  (1)  ffft.,  var,  pr.  a  leaf. — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatoh.  Qy. 
com.  'I  dunna  know  exac'ly  whad  time  it  wuz  Ven  the  Squire 
come  'ere,  I  know  the  trees  wun  i'  the  lef-^hut  they  al'ays  gwun  to 
Lonnon  the  beet  part  o'  the  'ear.' 


259  SHBOPSHIRK  WORD-BOOK. 

* ''  Ac  ^w  art  like  a  lady  *  ptA  redde  a  lessoun  ones. 
Was,  omnia  probate  '  and  >at  plesed  here  herte. 
For  ^at  lyne  was  no  longer  *  atte  leues  ende. 
Had  [she]  loked  ]>at  other  half  *  and  l>e  Uf  tomed, 
[She]  shulde  haue  founden  fele  wordis.*'    .    .    .' 

Fiert  FL,  Text  B.,  pass,  ill  L  337. 

•A.a  led/;  O.Du.  loo/;  O-Pria.  la/;  O.IoeL  lauf;  O.H.Germ. 
laub;  Gk>th.  lauba,  leat' — St&at. 

(2)  $b,  a  large  leaf— usually  a  cabbage  leaf — upon  which  laspbenies 
are  dispoeed,  as  upon  a  platter,  and  so  carried  to  market,  and  sold. 
— Ibid,  *  They  wun  sellin'  razVries  at  4d.  a  le/  i*  Sosebry  o'  Satur- 
day; they  binna  tied  to  mizzer  by  the  le/,  but  they  bin  genarlly 
about  a  pmt,  an*  I  should^think^these  one  nigh  a  quart' 

LEVVOW.    See  Lin&ow. 

LEHT-COBV,  sb,f  obeoU,  spring  wheat — Newport.  A.S.  leneten^ 
the  spring.  *  See  below. 

LEHT-ORAnr,  sh,  barley,  oats,  and  pease  (but  not  wheat) — which 
are  sown  in  the  early  spring-tide — are  included  in  this  term. — 
Subswsbuby;  Pulye&batch.    Qy.com. 

*  As  Ijmne-seed  &  lik-seed  *  &  lente-eeedes  aUe ; 
Aren  nouht  so  wor^hi  as  whete  *....' 

Pieri  PL,  Text  C,  pass.  xiii.  1.  190. 
See  liB&t-tilling. 

LEVTH  [len'th],  sb,  length.  Com.  A  form  of  frequent  occurrence 
in  the  early  writers. 

'  &  )fUB  of  len]fe  A  of  large  *  ^at  lome  {^ou  make ; 
pre  hundred  of  cupyde)  *  ^ou  holde  to  pe  lenjfe. 
Of  fyfty  fayre  ouer-^wert  •  forme  |>e  brede.' 

Alliterative  Poems,  The  Deluge  (A.D.  1360,  ctrea). 
Specim.  Early  Eng.,  xiiL  U.  314,  315. 

'  Item,  j.  peoe  of  fyne  l3rnen  clothe,  yerd  brode,  of  1^'.  yerdys  of 
lenthe.' — Inventory.  .  .  .  A.D.  1459,  in  Pasion  Letters,  voL  L  p.  480. 
*  A.S.,  O.Icel.  lengH;  O.Du.  lengde,  length.'— Strat. 

LEVT-SIDVESS,  sb,  the  spring  seed-time. — Shbewsbubt  ;  Pulvsb- 
BATCH,    Qy.  com.    A.S.  leuctentid,  the  spring-time. 

IEHT-THLIH*,  8b.  the  crops  of  Lent-grain.     See  dho^^--Ihid. 

LEP,  (1)  V.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  leap. — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch. 
*  That  mar*  's  a  right  good  un  to  /ep ;  *er  took  the  quick-'edge  into 
the  Broad-meadow,  air  lep  it  like  a  Duck.' 

'  ^anne  ^  he  yp  listeli  *  &  loked  al  a-boute.' 

WUliam  o/Pideme,  1.  702. 

'  He  was  so  wimble  and  so  wight. 
From  bough  to  boueh  he  le]^ped  light' 

SPENSER,  The  Shepheards  Calender,  March,  1.  453. 

(2)  sb.  a  leap.— Much  Wenix>ck. 

^3)  V.  n.  to  boil  soft  and  tender:  said  of  pease. — Glee  Hiixf. 
*'  Tnem  pase  leppen  well.'    See  below. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARJDHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC,  253 

LEPPER8,  sh.  pi.  grey  pease  that  soften  well  in  boiling. — Pulver- 
BATCH.  '  I  can  get  a  couple  o'  shillin'  a  bag  more  fur  them  pase — 
they  bin  mob  go^  leppersf 

LEPPnT-PASE,  same  as  above. — Church  Strbtton. 

LESTIAL.    See  EestiaL 

LEWH  [lou'n],  «6.,  ohsols.  a  church-rate. — Shrewsbury;  Pulver- 
batch;  Worthen;  Cluk;  Wellinoton;  Wem;  Ellesmere.  'It 
inna  lung  sence  the  ^eum-getherer  wuz  'ere,  an*  theer's  another  lewn 
cast  las'  vestry-meetin'.' 

'November,  1582,  a  cessemente  or  hwne/  was  laid  upon  the 
parishioners  for  repairs.  —  Churchwardens^  Accounie,  St.  Mary^s, 
ohrewsbujy. 

'  1690.  Kugh  Greenly  being'poore  his  feaune  not  paid,  00  -  00  -  08.* 
'—Churchwardens^  Accounts^  Clim. 

*  1776.  Collected  by  Lewn,  5  -  12  -  3.' — Churchwardens^  AccounUy 
Hopton  Castle. 

'  October  16*,  1840.  At  a  vestry  meeting  held  in  the  Parish 
Church  ....  for  the  purpose  of  granting  a  leum  for  the  use  of  the 
Church,'  &C. — Churchwardens^  Accounts,  Ellesmere. 

A.S.  kkn,  a  loan. 

LEWH-FAPEE,  sh,,  obsoU.  a  rate-paper.— TZ^'ef. 

LEW-WAEH  [loo*],  adj,  tepid ;  lukewarm.  Qy.  com.  *  Sally, 
fill  the  three  quart  can  o'  waiter  fur  naidin'  [kneading],  nod  more 
than  lew-warm — the  weather's  *ot  enough  to  piit  it  out  o*  the  pump.' 
LeW'UKirm  is  a  redundant  form.  O.E.  lew  means  warm,  as  shown  in 
the  following  citations : — 

'  Hwan  ^e  deuel  he[r]de  that, 
Sum-del  bigan  him  forto  rewe ; 
With-drow  ^e  knif,  ^at  was  lewe 
Of  >e  seH  children  blod.' 

Havehk  the  Dane,  L  498. 

*  Y  wolde  that  thou  were  could,  ethir  hoot ;  but  for  thou  art  lew^ 
and  nether  cold,  nether  hoot,  Y  schal  bigynne  to  caste  thee  out  of 
my  mouiih.^'—Apocaiypse,  iii.  16.    WicliflBte  Version,  ed.  ad.  1388. 

Jamieson  gives  '  Lew,  Lew-warm,  tepid.'    Of.  Olue-warm. 

LEZZEE  [lez'ur'],  same  as  Leasow,  q.  v.-^Newport. 

'  Hcec  pascua  pascuos  est  locus  herhosus  pascendis  animalihus  aptus, 
Anglice  a  lesur.^— if;8f.  Bibl.  Reg.  12  B.  L  £  13,  in  Hal. 

LIABLE,  adj.,  pec.  eligible. — Newport.  An  Edgmond  woman 
asked  if  she  were  liable  to  a  blanket  from  the  Provident  Society. 

LIBBET8  [lib-its],  sb.  ph  rags  in  strips. — Pulverbatoh.  *  Pike  up 
yore  Uhheis  an'  laggerments,  an'  nod  '&ve  'em  all  o'er  the  'ouse-flur 
a-this  a-way.'  Compare  '  Uppc^  which  has  the  sense  of  a  slip,  a 
shred,  in  the  following : — 

'  And  sith  ))at  )>iB  sarasenes  *  sciibes,  &  luwes 

Han  a  Kppe  of  owre  byleue  * ' 

Piers  PI.,  Text  B.,  pass.  xv.  1.  493. 
Ot  Laggerments. 


254  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

LICH-FOWlt  [lei-ch  foul],  sb.  the  European  Goat-sucker. — ^Wkm, 
Jlopton, 

*  Lich'fowle,  tHe  reputed  unlucky  Night-Baven,  so  called  from  the 
Saxon  Lie  or  Lich,  i.  e.  a  dead  corps ;  Country  people  hy  corruption 
call  these  Scritch^Owlea,  or  Lich-OwlesJ — Blount's  Oloa&ographia, 
p.  374. 

See  Lich'Owl,  in  Nares.    C£  Night-hawk,  also  Chum-owL 

LICK,  (1)  v.  a.  to  beat;  to  thrash.     Com. 

'  But,  Davie,  lad,  Tm  red  ye're  e;laikit ; 
Tm  tauld  the  Muse  ye  hae  negieckit ; 
An'  gif  it's  sae,  ye  sud  be  lichk 

Until  ye  fyke ; 
Sic  hauns  as  you  sud  ne'er  be  faikit, 

Be  hain't  wha  like.' 
£oB£BT  Burns,  Foenu,  p.  103, 1.  27. 
See  I«ad-licked. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  surpass ;  to  excel — '  that  licks  all  as  oyer  I  sid.'    Com. 

UCKnrO,  8b.  a  beating.     Com. 

LIGKLE  [lik'l],  adj.,  var.  pr.  little.  Qy.  com.  See  Tl  in  Orammar 
Outlines  {consonants), 

LICK  THE  CBAME-MTTBDLE,  phr.  a  figure  of  speech  borrowed 
from  the  dairy — and  applied  to  the  dairy-maid — ^to  express  'lives 
welL'— PuLYEKBATCH.    For  example  see  Callow.    Cf.  mundle  (1). 

LIDS,  sb,  pi,  pieces  of  wood  from  twelve  to  eighteen  inches  in  length, 
laid  horizontally  on  the  props  that  support  the  roof  of  a  mine,  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  them  sidditional  firmness.  Com. — M.  T.  Pieces  of 
wood  of  like  kind  are  called  caps  in  Derbyshire. 

LIE,  V,  n,j  pec,  to  sleep — 'the  child  lies  with  its  mother' — *7ie#  by 
itself.'    Com. 

'Wherfor  I  have  purveyd  that  ye  shall  have  the  same  drawte 
chamer  that  ye  had  befor  ther,  as  ye  shall  ly  to  your  selfl' — PasUtn 
Letters,  A.D.  1453,  voL  i.  p.  251. 

LIEF  [lif-1,  aJr.  soon;  readily;  willingly. — Shrewsbury;  Pulver- 
BATcn.  Qy.  com.  'I'd  as  lif  sit  i'  Powtherbitch  stocks  fur  a  nour, 
as  rd  g65  to  Church  i'  that  fine  bonnit  to  be  starred  at.' 

'And  as  for  your  tenants  of  Drayton,  as  I  canne  understond  by 
hem,  they  be  ryght  gode  and  trew  hertyd  to  you  to  ther  powers,  and 
full  fayn  wold  that  ye  had  it  a  yen  in  peasse,  for  they  had  as  leffe  al 
most  be  tenants  to  the  Devell  as  to  the  Duke.' — Paston  Letters,  A.D. 
1465,  voL  ii.  p.  194. 

'Jaques,  I  thank  you  for  vour  company;  but,  good  fedth,  I  had  as 
h'e^have  been  myself  alone.  —^«  You  Like  It,  ILL  iL  269. 

Mr.  Oliphant  remarks  with  reference  to  Caxton's  Eenard  the  Fox, 
A.D.  1481,  that  'it  contains  many  old  Teutonic  words,  now  obsolete, 
which  we  could  ill  afford  to  lose : '  he  eniunerates  some  of  these,  and 
amongst  them  is  '  lief.' — Sources  of  Standard  English,  p.  286. 

See  Lieve,  below. 

LIE  r  TEE  LUVO  FITHEBS,  phr.  to  sleep  in  the  straw  in  a 


GLOSSARY  OF  ABCHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  256 

bom  or  out-bousa    Qy.  eonu    '  To'  bin  np  yarly  tbis  momin',  Jack ; 
but  I  *6pect  yo'  lied  ^  the  lungfithers  las'  nigbt.'    See  Lie. 

LIE  XTP,  V.  n.  to  be  boused  at  nigbt :  said  of  borses,  cattle,  &c. — 
Nbwpobt. 

LIEVE  [lee-v],  adv.  same  as  Lie^  above.    *  'E'd  as  lieve  goo  as  not' 
— ^Newpobt, 

'I  once  saw  it  laid  down  in  an  old-fksbioned  book  of  good 
manners/  says  Mr.  OUpbwit,  *  tbat  it  was  vulgar  to  say,  **  I  would  as 
lieve  do  it."  For  all  tbat,  let  eacb  of  our  Englisb  writers  wbo  bas  a 
well-grounded  bope  tbat  be  will  be  read  a  bundred  years  bence,  set 
bimself  beart  and  soul  to  revive  at  least  one  long-neglected  Englisb 
word.' — Sources  of  Standard  English,  p.  318, 

LIEVEKy  adv.,  cmp.  sooner ;  ratber ;  more  willingly.     *  '£*d  liever 
goo  till  stop.' — Ibid. 

'  So  fp^t  liking  &  loue  i  baue  *  fyat  lud  to  bi-bold, 
|>at  i  baue  leuer  \>&t  loue  '  ^an  lac  al  my  barmes.' 

William  of  Paleme,  1.  453. 

'  Barow  swor  to  me  be  bis  trowtb  tbat  be  bad  lever  tban  xl«.,  and 
xL  tbat  bis  lord  bad  not  comawndyd  bym  to  com  to  Gressam.' — 
Patton  Letters,  ▲.D.  1450,  voL  i.  p.  111. 

*  For  lever  bad  I  die  tben  see  bis  deadly  face.' 

Sfekser,  F,  Q.,  Bk.  I.  c.  ix.  st.  xzxii. 

LXJfXJsS,  sb.  a  smart  blow — *  jest  gie  'im  a  good  li/terJ — Shrbws- 
buby;  Wem.    Gf.  Bifter. 

UFT-OF-BEEF,  8h.  tbe  upper  part  of  a  leg  of  beef  cut  lengtbwise. 
— Glun  ;  Glee  Hills.    Gf .  Slench. 

LI7T-0F-P0BBI,  sh.  tbe  'fore-quarter'  of  a  porkling  pig,  i.e,  tbe 
•  band/  *  breast,'  and  *  belly-piece.' — Shbewsbuby. 

LIO,  sh,  a  lie.    Qy.  com. 

UGOEB,  8b.  a  1\&T.—Ibid.  '  If  Jack  toud  yo'  tbat,  it's  a  %,  an'  'e's 
a  ligger — ^yo'  can  tell  'im  as  I  say  so.' 

*  Folk  wbilk  I  ne  knewe  serued  to  me ; 
In  boring  of  ere  me  bogbed  to  be, 
Outen  sones  to  me  lighed  f^aL' 

Metrical  English  Psalter,  xvii.  (AD.  1300,  ante),  [P*. 
xviii.  45].     Specim.  Early  Eng.,  II.  1.  113. 

'  A.S.  ledgan;  Du.  and  Germ,  leugen;  0.£.  %,  to  tell  lies.' 

LIGHT,  (1)  V.  n.  to  dismount;  to  aligbt  Com.  'Maister,  tbe 
Squire  cisdled  tbis  momin',  but  'e  o6dna  light  as  yo'  wunna-d-in, — ^'e 
took  a  glass  o'  ale  at  tbe  'orse-block,  an'  said  'e  sbould  want  tbe 
grey-'un  o'  Monday.' 

'  par  |>ai  l^am  tbo^bt  to  rest  and  slepe ; 
bar  did  t^ai  Man  for  to  light 
Bot  son  ^ai  sagb  an  vgli  sigbt. 

Quan  lesus  sa^b  >am  glopnid  be. 
He  lighted  of  bis  moder  kne.' 

Cursor  Mundi  (a.d.  1320,  circa). 

Specinu  Early  Eng.,  vii.  11.  231—238. 


256  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

*  I  woulde  bane  lyghUd  from  my  borasey  and  taken  mj  swerde  by 
the  poynt,  and  yelded  it  into  bys  graces  bandes.* — LATiMZBy  Strmontj 
iiii.  p.  119. 

* ''  but  light  now  downe,  my  lady  gay, 
Ught  downe  &  bold  my  boraee, 
wbilest  I  ft  your  &tber  ft  your  bretber 
doe  play  ys  at  tbls  crosae.'* ' 

The  Child  o/EU,  IL  33.  34.     P«rey  FoKo  MS., 
yoL  L  p.  131,  ed.  Hales  and  Fmiiyal]. 

See  Oene$is  xxiy.  64.    A.S.  lihian,  to  aligbt  from  a  borse. 

(2)  V,  fi.  to  descend  and  settle,  as  a  bird  after  fliebt.  Com.  '  Is  & 
gwein  to  light  f '    •  Wy,  'er  'as  W— canna  yo'  see  ?*^ 

*  wbon  god  sende  an  Angel  *  in-to  GbJile, 
•        ••.«••• 
to  A  Maiden  ful  meke  *  ^at  Marie  was  boten. 
And  seide,  **  Blessed  beo  ^u  floor  *  feirest  of  alle ! 
^  boligost  witb-Inne  pe  '  scbal  lenden  and  /lAie." ' 

Joseph  of  Arimaihiej  h  81. 

See  Matt.  iiL  16.  Compare  '  Let  tby  mercy  lighten  upon  ns,'  in  tbe 
Te  Deum  Laudamus  (Prayer-Book  yersion).    AJS.  Uhtcui,  to  descend. 

(3)  V.  n.  to  fiall  in  witb  by  cbance;  to  come  npon  unexpectedly. 
Com.  'Very  often  w*en  yo  bin  lookin*  fai  one  thing  yo*  light  on 
another — I  wuz  breyetin*  fur  tbe  nail-passer,  an'  lit  on  freddy's  sQyer 
pencil  as  wuz  eid  up  fur  lost.' 

'  And  in  sucb  sort  that  bis  oflbrine  migbt  be  acceptable  to  lupiter, 
and  pleasant  to  bis  citizens  to  behold :  did  out  downe  a  goodly  stnugbt 
erowen  young  oke,  which  be  lighted  on  by  good  fortune.* — ^North's 
Plutarch,  *  Eomulus,'  p.  30,  in  Bible  Ward-Book. 

(4)  adf,  thin;  poor:  said  of  crops.  Com.  'Them  crops  looken 
despert  light,'    A.S.  le6ht,  light  (of  weight).    C£  Sbire. 

UOHT-BOWT,  sb.  a  tbander-bolt. — ^PuLyniBATCH ;  Newport.  Qy. 
com.  '  Theer's  bin  a  power  o'  damage  done  by  the  storm  las'  Monday, 
no  less  than  three  light-botfftB  fell,  an'  a  mar'^an'  cowt  wun  killed  at 
'Abberley — ^I  sid  one  gwein  ziggle-zaggle  down  the  sky,  an'  ^ndered 
Veer  it  A6d  fedL'  Compare  'leyin  [=  lightning]  bolt'  in  tbe 
following : — 

'  The  morning  dawned  full  darkly, 

The  rain  came  flashing  down, 
And  the  jagged  streak  of  the  levin~hoU 

lit  up  the  gloomy  town : 
The  thunder  crashea  across  the  beayen, 


Aytoxjn,  The  Execution  of  Mofdroee. 

Spenser  has  ^levinrhrond'  for  thunder-bolt.    See  F.  Q.,  Bk.  YII. 
c.  yi.  st.  XXX. 

LIOHT-CAKE,  sb,  some  as  Flap,  q.  y. — Ghuboh  Strktton  ;  Cluk. 
Cf.  Pikelet. 

LIGHTED,  part,  past,  obs.  confined ;  deliyered  of  a  cbild. — PuLyfiR- 
BATCH ;  Much  Weklock.  '  Gran,  Mammy's  sen'  me  to  tell  yo'  as 
we'n  got  another  babby — ^'er  wuz  lighted  atore  Dad  come  wham  las' 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  257 

night.'    '  Ah,  well-a-day  wratoh  I  theer  wnz  anow  on  yo*  afore,  'er 
nee'na  a  sen'  yo'  throu'  the  snow  to  tell  me  that.' 

'1802.  March  5.    a  poor  Straing  woman  Lighted  on  the  road. 
0   -  2   -  6.' — Pariah  Accounted  Much  Wenlock. 

'  And  miracles  of  mydwyres  '  &  maken  wymmen  to  wenen, 
pat  ^  lace  of  oure  ladie  smok  *  liiU}^  hem  of  children.' 

P.  PL  Cr„  I  79. 

'  And  I  shalle  say  thou  was  lygM 
Of  a  knaye-childe  this  nyght.' 

Toumeley  Myaieriu^  p.  107,  in  Hal. 

<  Lighted^  a  woman  when  brought  to  bed  is  said  to  be  lighted^  i.  e. 
lightened.    North,'  in  Peoos. 
A.S.  gelihtan,  lighten  (make  lighter). 

LIGHTSOME,  (1)  adj,  cheerful;  gay.— Pulverbatch.  <'£r  wuz  a 
good-tempered,  lighUome  girld,  but  'er  soon  droupt  off.' 

'  &  a  lighUome  bugle  then  heard  he  blow 
ouer  the  bents  soe  broune.' 

Sir  CawUne,  L  80.    Percy  Folio  MS,,  voL  iii  p.  7, 
ed.  Hales  and  FurmyaU. 

(2)  adj,  brisk :  said  of  beer. — Ibid.     *  It  wunna  strung,  but  nice 
lightsome  drink.' 

LIOHT-TIMBEBED,  adJ,  light  of  bone:  said  of  horses  chiefly. 
Com. 

LIKK    See  Grammar  Outlines  (adverbs),  p.  Ixxzi. 

LIKELY,  adj.,  pec.  hopeful ;  promising. — Pulvkrbatoh.  Qy.  com. 
'  Them  bin  likely  ayeuB  fur  makin'  two  good  pigs,  John.'  *  Aye,  the 
'og's  a  good  strung  pig,  but  the  gawt's  a  pidcmn'  ater, — ^minces  an' 
mommocks  the  mate  about — I'm  afeard  'er  5onna  mak'  much.' 

LIMBER  [lim-bur*],  (1)  adj,  lithe;   supple;   pliant.      Qy.   com. 
•  W'y,  John,  yo'  gotten  younger  instid  o'  owder— yo'  gwun  alung  as 
limber  an'  as  lissom  as  a  lad  o'  nineteen.'     '  Aye,  I  could  daince  the 
.Sailor's-'ompipe  yit,  56th  a  pretty  good  fiddler.^ 

'Eer,  Verily! 
You  put^me  off  with  limber  yows.* 

Winter's  Tale,  I.  ii.  47. 

*  **  Md,  soft,  supple,  tender,  lithe,  limber,*' — Cotgb.,'  in  Way. 
C£  Lissom. 

(2J  V,  a,  to  soften ;  to  supple.— Wem.     *  'E  limbered  'is  jlnts  wuth 
iles.* 

LIMS-A8H,  sb,,  obaoU,  1  a  compost  of  sifted  ashes  and  mortar  beaten 
together ;  a  rough  kind  of  flooring  for  kitchens  or  out-houses  is  made 

of  it.— PULVBBBATOH. 

UMEB  [leimuT^],  sb.  to  '  come  limer  *  oyer  a  person  is  to  take  an 
tmfair  a^yantage  of  him,  thus : — '  Three  lime-burners  g5d  to  a  public 

.  fur  some  yale,  two  young  uns  an'  a  owd  un ;  the  owd  un  tak's  car*  to 
sit  i'  the  middle,  so  as  the  jug  passes  backerts  an'  forrats — 'e  gets  as 
much  agen  drink  as  the  youDg  uns.'  Hence  the  saying—'  'E's  arcomin' 
limer  o'er  him.' — ^Clee  Hills,  Cleobury  Mortimer, 

S 


258  SHROPSHIRIl  WORD-BOOK. 

LIMHOCKS,  8l.  pi  rags ;  bits.— Atcham  ;  Wem.  '  'Er's  tard  'er 
pinner  all  to  limmocks.* 

LINO,  sh  Erica  Tetralix,  Cross-leaved  Heath.  Qy.  com.  Dan. 
lyng,  heath.    C£  Grig  (2). 

LINK,  V.  a,  to  fasten  the  doors. — Bishop's  Castle,  Lydhury  North. 
Cf.  Make  (1). 

LINKEBINO,  part,  adj.  lingering;  loitering;  'loafing  about' — 
generally  used  with  a  reduplicated  form — *lonkering.* — ^Pulvek- 
BATCH ;  Wem.  *  Jack,  yo'  Iock  that  'tato-'ouse,  an'  look  roun'  the 
buildin'  to-night,  theer's  a  lot  o'  tramps  linkerin*  an'  hnkerin'  about 
the  lanes— I'U  shift  'em  if  a  bin  theer  to-morrow.' 

LINK-M08S,  same  as  Jealousy,  q.  v. — ^Pulyerbatch. 

LINNOW,  LENNOW  [lin-u'],  Qy.  com.  [len-u'l,  Wobthen  ;  Clee 
Hills;  Litdlow;  Ellesmere,  (1) adj.  limp;  flexible;  pliant.  ' These 
starched  things  bin  as  linnow  as  the  dish-clout,  the  maister  '11  neyer 
piit  'is  collars  on  like  this.'  '  As  linnow  as  a  gloye '  is  a  current  pro- 
yerbial  saying. 
Pegge  has  *  Lennock^  slender,  pliable.    Lane'    Cf .  Cbrm.  linde,  soft. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  make  pliant — ^but  the  term  is  not  very  often  used  in 
this  way. — Ibid. 

UN-PIN,  eb.  the  iron  pin  which  goes  through  the  axle  of  a  wheel ; 
a  linch-pin. — Pulverbatch.     Qy.  com. 

Amongst  the  several  parts  of  a  wheel  enumerated  under  the  head 
of  *  Nomina  pertinenda  ad  Carectarium^^  in  an  English  VbcahtUarif, 
XV.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i.  p.  202,  are,  *  Hie  axis,  A'  axyUtre,* 
and  next  in  order,  *  Hoc  humuUum,  A'  lyn-pyne.' 
^Lin-pin,  Lint-pin,  a.  The  linch-pin.' — JAMiESOir. 

UNT,  sh.y  pec.  the  flocculent  dust  which  collects  in  rooms,  more 
especially  in  bed-rooms. — Newpoet.    Cf.  3>owl  (2). 

LINTY,  adj.  idle ;  lazy. — ^Pulverbatch  ;  Worthbn  ;  Wellington  ; 
,    Newport.     Qy.  com.     *  Yo'  bin  as  linty  as  yo'  knowen  'ow  to  be,  but 

rU  brush  yore  jacket  fur  yo'  direc'ly.  if  yo'  dunna  stir  a  bit  faster.' 
*  **  LentM,  slowe  and  febulle,  or  lethy,  moyste." — Med.  MS.  CAin*. 

"  Lentescoy  to  waxe  slowe  or  lothy,  ».  tarduni  esse." — Ortus,'  in  Wat. 

Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  302. 

LIP,  sb.  the  tumed-up  bit  on  the  toe  of  a  horse's  shoe,  which  keeps 
the  animal's  hoof  from  pressing  forward  when  travelling. — Pulver- 
batch.   Qy.  com.    Cf.  Oorking, 

LISSOH  [lis'um],  (1)  adj.  agile;  supple;  lithe;  free  of  movement 
in  every  joint  ana  limb.  Com.  'The  owd  school-maister  gets  o'er 
the  stiles  as  lissom  as  a  lad.'  *  Aye,  aye,  'e  hanna  stood  in  as  many 
wet  diches  as  I  han,  or  'e  o6dna  be  so  limber.' 

Pegge  gives  *  Lissom,  limber,  relaxed.    North.' 

A.S.  Uis ;  N.  tide,  to  bend  the  limbs,  whence  lithe,  lithesome,  and 
Prov.  E.  lissom,    Cf.  Limber  (1). 

(2)  sh.  a  layer;  a  stratum. — CoRYE  Dale;  Clee  Hills.    *  Yo' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  259 

sin,  Sir,  in  bumin'  Ume  we  piitten  first  a  lisiom  o*  coal,  an'  then  a 
lissom  o*  lime-stwun.'    G£  List,  below. 

(3)  [lizmn],  same  as  List,  below. — Pulyebbatoh. 

LIST,  sb,  the  close,  dense  streak  sometimes  seen  in  a  loaf  which  has 
not  risen  properly. — Pulvekbatch.  *I  canna  tell  whether  it's  the 
faut  o'  the  flour  or  the  barm,  but  the  bread  hanna  ruz  well — jest  look 
whad  a  list  is  all  alung  the  bottom  o'  the  loal' 

'  O.Fr.  liste,  bande  .  .  .  de  Tahal.    ^ta,  bande ;  allmod.    leiste^ 
bordure.' — ^BuB.    Compare  A.S.  list  (edge  of  cloth). 

LITCH  [lich-],  (1)  sh.  a  bunch  of  hay  or  grass. — Corvb  Dale. 

(2)  sh,  a  lock  of  tangled,  matted  hair. — Cleb  Hills.  '  Yore  yar*8 
all  i'  litcheSf  I  conna  get  the  c5om  through  it.' 

LITHEKMOH'S-LOAB  [lidh-ar'  munz],  sb.,  obaolsA  a  greater  load 
than  can  well  be  carried  at  one  time,  but  is  neyertheless  undertaken 
to  save  the  trouble  of  another  journey  —  a  *  lazy-man's-load.' — 
PuLVEBBATCH.  *  Now,  yo'  bin  al'ays  txr  carrjin'  lithermon^S'lodd — 
the  one  'afe's  tumblin'  off,  an'  vo'n  a  to  fatch  it,  an'  that's  'ow  lazy 
folks  al'ays  hem  the  most  trouble.'  O.E.  litheTf  bad,  wicked,  has  a 
secondary  meaning  of  *  lazy '  in  some  of  the  early  writers. 

'  &  thou  lett  them  of  their  leake  *  with  thy  Udder  tumes  ! ' 

Death  and  Life,  1.  249.     Fercy  Folio  MS.,  vol  iii.  p.  67, 
ed.  Hales  and  FumiyalL 

'  Some  litherhf  lubber  more  eateth  than  twoo, 
yet  leaueth  yndone  that  another  will  doo.' 

TUSSEB,  Fine  Hundred  Fointes  of  Good  Hushandrie, 
ed.  E.  D.  S.,  p.  174. 

Bay  [1691]  gives  'Zither,  idle,  lazy,  slothful'  in  'North  Country 
Words,'  also  m  *  South.' 
Jamieson  has  '  Lidder,  sluggish,'  and  '  Lythymes,  sloth.' 
A.S.  ly^er,  bad. 

LOACH,  r.  a.  (1)  to  drink  greedily. — Pulvbrbatch.  'I  'ate  to  see 
Colliers  come  i'  the  fild,  they  bin  good  fur  nuthin'  but  hach  the  bottle,' 
t.  e.  to  drink  out  of  the  '  bottle.' 

Compare  *  To  lurch,  devour,  or  eate  greadily,  ingurgito,*  in  Babet's 
Alvearie,  A.D.  1580.  Low  Latin  lurcare,  to  swallow  food  greedily. 
Cf.  Oulch. 

(2)  V,  n.  to  suck  hard. — Ibid.  '  The  babby  seems  strung,  'e  loaches 
away  at  'is  titty.' 

LOAP-0*-BBEAD,  sb.,  pec,  a  loaf.  Com.  *  '^  Them  as  g^vun  a  borrowin' 
^wun  a-sorrowin'" — ^but  I  shall  be  'bliged  to  borrow  a  loa/-o* -bread, 
tur  the  milner  never  brought  the  batch  till  after  dinner,  an'  I  canna 
bar  onder*8  bakin*.' 

*  Hie  panis.  A'  lof  of  bred,'  occurs  in  an  English  VocahtUary,  xv. 
cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  198. 

LOBBEB-TE-LOT,  same  as  Hobbety-hoy,  q.  v.— Worthen. 
Cf.  *  Du.  loboor,  a  raw,  silly  youth,'  in  Wed0. 

LOCBXBS,  sb.  pi  pieces  of  wood  or  iron  placed  within  the  circum- 

s  2 


260  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

ferenoe  of  the  wheel  of  a  wamc^n,  or  *  skip,*  to  '  scotch  *  it  when  going 
down  an  incline.     Com. — ^^  T. 

*  O.N.  lokf  anything  that  serves  for  a  fastening,'  in  Wedo. 

LODOED,  part,  adj.  laid  flat,  as  by  rain  or  wind :  said  of  grain  or 
grass.  Qy.  com.  *  That  com  661  be  despert  bad  to  cut — ^it  inna-d- 
on'y  lodged^  but  tathered.' 

'  We*ll  make  foul  weather  with  despised  tears ; 
Our  sighs  and  they  shall  lodge  the  summer  com, 
And  nukke  a  dearth  in  this  reyoltiag  land.' 

K.  mhard  IL,  ILL  iiL  162. 
See  Tather  (2). 

LOFy  V,  n.  and  sh.  to  langh ;  a  laugh. — Colubrt  ;  Nswfobt. 

' and  fidls  into  a  cough ; 

And  then  the  whole  quire  hold  their  hips  and  loffe.* 

MidsumrMT  Nighf*  Drear/i,  II.  L  55. 

Mr.  HalliweU  says,  lo/  *  occurs  in  Mother  Hubbard,  and  ii  a 
genuine  old  form.'    A.  8.  A/i'AAan,  to  laugh ;  pt.  t.  ie  hl6h. 

lOOOT  [log'i'],  adj.,  ohsolsA  thick-set;  weighty:  said  of  animals. — 
PuLYERBATCH ;  Ellesmebe  ;  Wem.  *  John's  pig  weighed  more  than 
'e  'spected— it  looked  short,  but  it  wuz  loggy'    Of.  Blocky. 

LOLLOCK  [lol'uki,  v,  n.  to  lounge,  or  loll,  or  idle  about — ^Elusshkbe. 
Compare  Icel.  lulla,  to  loll  about    See  IiOllap,  below.    Of.  Iioasock. 

LOLLOCXnT-CHEES,  eb,  an  easy-chair ;  a  lounging  chair. — Ibid, 
Compare  *  Du.  lolUbancke,  a  couch,  lounging  bench,'  in  Wedo. 

LOLLTTP,  same  as  LoUook,  above. — Shbewsburt;  Pulverbatch. 
'  Yo'd'n  better  be  i'  the  fiJlow,  Turn,  than  Mloppin*  about  the  foud.' 

LOXB  [lom*],  sb,  a  lamb.     Com.    An  old  form. 

'  And  as  a  lornb  and  ennosent. 
To  be  lad  to  sacrefyce  to  fore  present, 

Of  Ann  and  ICayface ; 
Of  Pilate,  Erod,  and  mon4  mo.' 

John  Aubelay's  Poenu^  p.  60. 

'  For  as  the  lomb  toward  his  deth  is  brought, 
So  stant  this  Innocent  bifore  the  kin^.' 

Chauceb,  B.  617  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 

*  Lombe,  yonge  schepe.     Agnua^  agneUus.* — Prompt.  Parv. 

*  A.S.,  O.Sax.,  CIoeL,  Goth.,  O.ILGferm.  lamb,  lamb.'— -Stbat. 

LOHHOCK  [lom'uk],  sb.  a  big  lump ;  a  thick  piece — '  a  lommock  o' 
cheese.'    Qy.  com.    Of.  Lownder  (1). 

LOiroOV-LACE,  same  as  Lady-grass,  q.y.— Clun.  Of.  LoTe's-laees. 

LOVE-OIBL,  sb.  a  single,  solitary  woman,  for  whom  there  is  no 
kinsman's  shieldine;  care.    Com. 

' .  .  .  A  hundred  mark  is  a  lone  one  for  a  poor  lont  woman  to  bear : 
and  I  haye  borne,  and  borne,  and  borne,  and  haye  been  fobbed  off, 
and  fobbed  off,  and  fubbed  off,  from  this  day  to  Uiat  day,  that  it  is 
a  shame  to  be  thought  on.' — 2  K.  Henry  IV.,  IL  i.  35. 
SeeOirl. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  BTC.  261 

LOHO  flung'],  adj,,  pec,  tall.  Com.  '  Jack  says  'e  canna  bar  this 
new  ocotd^  bayly,  'e's  as  luTig  as  a  lather,  an'  as  thin  as  a  rail ;  'e 
should  like  to  maV  'is  coffin  out  on  a  spout,  an'  bury  'im  in  a  suff ! ' 

• "  My  name  is  longe  Wille."' 

PierB  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  xv.  L  148. 

'  Hw  he  was  fayr,  hw  he  was  long, 
Hw  he  was  with,  hw  he  was  strong.' 

Havdok  the  Dane,  L  1063. 

'  If  he  were  as  longjiA  he  is  Uther,  he  might  thatch  a  house  without 
a  ladder.    C^A.'— Bay's  Proverbs,  p.  200. 

LOHTOFUL,  adj,  excessively  long,  as  applied  to  time. — Pulvbrbatch. 
Qy.  com,  '  To'n  bin  a  lungful  wilde  gwein  to  the  blacksmith's  shop.' 
'  Theer  wuz  four  'orses  to  be  shoe'd  afore  I  could  be  sarred.' 

LOVO-KHSELIVO,  sb.,  ohsols.  the  English  Litany. — Pulverbatch  ; 
WoBTHEN ;  Ellesmebe.  '  It  wuz  despert  warm  an'  clos'  i'  church  o' 
Sunday — ^theer  wuz  three  wenten  out  poorly,  afore  the  lung-kneelin\* 

LOVOSOME,  adj.  long ;  tiresome ;  dreary. — Pulverbatch  ;  Wem. 
'  If  s  a  despert  lungsome  road  'twix  the  M6llt  an'  Steppiton,  but  Tve 
gwun  it  many  a  dark  night,  an'  never  sid  anythm'  worse  than 
myself.'    '  Humph,  yo'  'ad'n  but  one  other  to  see ! ' 

I'rior  uses  the  expression  a  '  longaome  plain.' 

Mr.  Earle  says,  'This  formative  [some]  is  one  that  is  in  present 
activity.  Li  Sir  J.  T.  Ck)leridge's  Memoir  of  Kehle,  p.  364,  we  find  a 
new  [?j  adjective  on  this  modS,  namely,  long-some : — *'  It  is  thought 
to  labour  under  the  fatdt  of  beinj?  long-some.**  But  perhaps  we  see 
here  only  an  imitation  of  the  German  langsam,* — Philology  of  the 
English  Tongue,  p.  332. 

LOHK  pong'k],  sb,  the  groin.  —  Pulverbatch  ;  Craven  Arms. 
'  Whad  mak's  Bob  limp  athatnP'  *'E's  gotten  a  bwile  in  'is  lonk, 
poor  bwoy.'  *  Whad's  ^  piit  to  it  ? '  *  Some  cobbler's  wax.'  '  'E'd 
better  a  some  groun'sel  pultis  to  it  to-night.' 

Lanke,  glossed  the  hip-joint,  occurs  in  Stratmann,  *  and  leily  is  {his) 
leg  o  lonke,* — ^Wr.  Pol.  Songs,  156.  O.Du.  lanke,  0.n.Germ.  kmcha, 
lank.' 

LOVKESnrO.    See  linkermg. 

LOHTUV,  sb.,  var.  pr,  a  lantern. — Puxverbatoh.  'Dick,  oot  'ee 
len'  me  yore  lontun  to  g5d  i'  the  tallit  ? — ^mine's  got  a  'ole  in  it.'  Cf. 
Iiantuxi. 

LOaxu  A  -PUFF,  sb,,  obaols,  hurry  ;  petulant  haste. — Pulverbatch. 
'  I  gid  'er  a  bit  o'  my  mind,  an'  'er  t6ok  off  in  a  perty  hntun-puff.* 
Cf.  Lantun-puff. 

LOOED  poo'd],  part,  o^;.,  obsols.  thwarted ;  '  check-mated.'  — 
Pulverbatch.  '  I  thought  to  a  bought  that  cow,  but  'fiind  t  was 
looed-^ike  Maister  sen'  'er  to  the  las'  far.'  From  the  game  of  Loo 
(of  French  origin). 

LOOK,  (1)  V.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  seek ;  to  search  for.  Qy.  com.  (1) '  Whad 
bin'ee  brevitin'  i'  that  box  fur,  Mary?'     'Wy,  Pm  lookin*  my 


262  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

thimble — ^I  canna  think  w'eer  it's  gwun.'    (2)  '  'E  says  "is  brother's  got 
a  place  fur  *im,  an'  that'll  be  a  sight  better  man  '&Tin'  one  to  look.* 

(2)  V,  n.  to  expect.  Qy.  com.  '  Now  Fve  put  them  cnbberts  an' 
drawers  straight,  I  shall  look  for  'em  to  be  [or,  look  to  find  'em] 
kep'  BO.' 

'  Certaine  of  my  frendes  came  to  me  wyth  teares  in  theyr  eyes, 
and  tolde  me,  they  loked  I  should  haue  bene  in  the  tower  the  same 
nyghte.' — Latimeb,  Sermon  iii.,  p.  83. 

Of.  Acts  xxyiii.  6.  Mr.  Halliwell  gives  look,  in  the  sereral  fore- 
going senses,  as  '  North.' 

LOOSE  [loo's],  (1)  V.  a,  to  discharge,  as  of  firearms,  &e. — Shbews* 
BTTET ;  Ptjlvbebatoh.  Qy.  com.  *  Look  at  the  child ! — 'e's  pla3^' 
^th  the  gon.'  'It  ^nna  'urt  'im,  I  al'ays  looae  it  off  afore  I 
come  in.' 

*  Titu$,  .  .  .  You  are  a  good  archer,  Marcus ; 

[^Oives  the  arrowi."] 


To  it,  boy !  .  .  loose  when  I  bid.' 

TitM  AndronicuSy  TV.  iii.  58. 

*  I  spyed  hym  behynde  a  tree  redy  to  lowse  at  me  with  a  crosbowe.' 
— Palsgrave,  m  Hal. 

(2)  V.  a,  to  let  go ;  to  set  free.  Qy.  com.  '  Bessy,  remember  to 
loose  the  goose  off  er  nist  soon  i'  the  momin'^  else  'er*ll  break  all  *er 
eggs,' 

*  Pol.  You  know,  sometimes  he  walks  four  hours  together, 
Here  in  the  lobby. 

Queen.  So  he  does,  indeed. 

Pol.  At  such  a  time  I'll  loose  my  daughter  to  him : 
Be  you  and  I  behind  an  arras  then  : 
Mark  the  encounter : *—ffamlet,  IL  ii,  162. 

Compare  Acts  xxyii.  40. 

(3)  V.  a.  to  let  out.  Or.  com.  *  Goo  yo'  forrat  an'  loose  the  cauTea 
out  o'  the  cauve-kit,  an'  rU  come  after  an'  drip  the  cows.' 

(4)  V.  a.  to  let  in.  Qy.  com.  *  Whad  time  wuz  it  w'en  yo'  loosen 
the  cowman  in  las'  night  P '  *  It  wuz  aumust  momin',  but  I  toud  'im 
as  I  shouldna  loose  'im  in  agen.' 

LOP-LOLLABB,  sb.,  ohsols.  a  lazy  fellow. — Pdlverbatch,  "E's 
sich  a  o'er-grown  lop-lollard,  'e's  too  lung  or  too  lazy  to  oud  'imself 
uprit.'    Compare  IceL  luUari,  a  sluggard.     See  Lollard  in  Wedg. 

LOEEY,  LITBSY,  v.  a.  to  drag  along  with  violence. — ^Whitchurch. 

LOSELLHTO  poz'u'lin],  adj.  idling. — Whitchurch.  A  formative 
of  O.B.  losel,  a  worthless  fellow.    Cf. : — 

'  Somme  leyde  here  legges  aliii  *  as  suche  losdes  conneth. 
And  made  her  mone  to  pieres  *  and  preyde  hym  of  grace : 
•*  For  we  haue  no  lymes  to  laboure  with  '  lorde,  y-graoed  be  je ! "' 

Piers  PI.,  Text  B.,  pass.  vi.  I  124. 

Compare  also  *  loselycke^  in  pass.  xii.  L  213,  which  appears  in 
Wright's  edition  as  *  iosseUy,*  with  the  gloss  given  to  it, — '  m  a  dis- 
graceful, good-for-nothing  manner.'     &  Loszock. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   263 

LOT,  V.  a.,  var,  pr.  to  allot — ^Pulvbrbatch  ;  Wbm  ;  Ellesmerb. 
Mheert  to  be  a  Vestry-meetin'  o'  Monday  to  lot  the  pews.'  *  Be'appen 
they'n  do  the  same  as  they  did'n  at  oiir  Church — lot  'em,  an'  then 
clap  "Free"  on  'em  at-affcer.'  A-S.  hle6tan,  to  appoint  or  ordain 
by  lot. 

LOTH  [loth-],  adj,,  var,  pr,  unwilling ;  loath. — Pulverbatch.  Qy. 
com.  '  I  wuz  mighty  hth  to  g66,  but  they  o'er-persuaden  me,  an*  I 
went' 

'  either  |>onked  oYet '  many  thousand  si^es, 
&  lau^t  se)>e  here  leue  *  ^ouih  hem  hY  were.' 

William  of  Paleme,  I  5201. 

LOTHEB  podh-ur^,  adv,,  ohsoU,  rather.  —  Whitchurch.  Cf. 
Lather  (2). 

LOITK  riou'k],  sh,  a  severe  blow ;  a  hard  hit.  Qy.  com.  *  Wen  I 
wuz  cnoppin*  sticks  at  the  block,  a  piece  bounded  up  an'  gid  me  sich 
a  louk  i'  the  face — ^it  met  as  well  a  blinded  me.' 

LOVSE'S-LATHEB,  sK  the  ladder-like  breach  made  in  knitting  by 
dropping  a  stitch. — Pulverbatch.  *  Wy,  'ere' s  a  pretty  louses-lather 
— one,  two,  three,  four — five  bouts  back,  'ow's  that  to  be  gotten  up  ?  * 

LOTTT  [lou't],  sh.  a  clownish,  under-bred  fellow.  Com.  '  Nod  all 
the  fine  do'es  i'  Sosebry  561  ever  mak'  a  gentleman  on  'im,  'e's  sich  a 
louV 

*  B.  Royster,  Thou  iuftlefk  nowe  to  nigh. 
M,  Mery,  Back  al  rude  louies.^ 

Roister  Bolster^  Act  iij.  Sc.  iij.  p.  48. 

'  And  you  will  rather  show  our  general  huU 
How  you  can  frown  than  spend  a  fawn  upon  'em, 
For  the  inheritance  of  their  loves  and  safeguard 
Of  what  that  want  might  ruin.' — Coricianus^  TTT.  ii  66. 

LOYE-CABBLAGE.     See  Bk.  II.,  FolUore,  &c.,  '  Customs.' 

LOTE-CHILD,  sh,  an  illegitimate  child. — ^Pulverbatch. 

For  some  admirable  remarks  on  the  luse  of  this  term  '  love-child^ 
see  Arghbp.  Trench's  Study  of  Words,  pp.  49,  50. 
QL  Bttoe-ehild.    Bee  Chance-child. 

LOVE'S-LACES,  sh,  riband-grass. — Pulverbatch. 

'.  .  .  vsually  of  our  English  women  it  is  called  Lady  laces  or 
painted  Orass :  in  French  AiguiUettes  d'Armes.' — Gerarde's  Herball, 
Bk.  I.  p.  26. 
Cf.  Lady's-ribands. 

LOTE-SPIHVIHO,  sb.,  ohs.  a  spinning  <  Bee.' —  Pulverbatch. 
'  Bin  'ee  gweln  to  Betty  Mathus's  love-spinnin'y  Matty  P '  *  No,  I've 
broke  the  barrel  o'  my  wil.'  *  Well,  talc  yore  lung-wil,  they  wanten 
as  many  '551  spinners  as  thrid-^it's  men's  unseys  as  a  bin  m&kin'.' 

Betty  Mathews  lived  at  the  tumpike-eate  house  at  Castle  Pulver- 
batch, about  the  year  1800,  where  and  when  the  love-spinning  referred 
to  above  took  place.    See,  farther,  Bk.  II.,  Folklore^  &c.,  '  Customs.' 

LOW  [lou-],  adj,y  ohsols,  flavourless ;  insipid. — Pulverbatch.  *  Yo' 
bin  mighty  spar'in'  o'  yore  saut  i'  this  suppin' — it's  despert  fou;.' 


264  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

LOWV  [lou*n],  (1)  ah,  a  vertical  course  of  stra^  in  thatching. — Corts 
Dale. 

(2)  V,  n.  to  grow  stout  and  comely  in  person :  said  of  youths, — *  that 
young  fellow  loum$.' — Olbb  KiUiS.    Cx.  Bamish. 

LOWVDERy  ^1)  sh.  a  thick  slice.— Pclyerbatch.  •  I  gid  the  poor 
chap  a  good  lownder  o*  bread  an*  cheese,  an'  a  spot  o*  freeh  drink,  an' 
mighty  glad  'e  wuz  on  it'    Of.  Lowner,  also  Lommock. 

(2)  a  blow. — Ibid,     '  I  gid  'im  sich  a  hwndtr  as  'e  d5nna  furget 
soon.'    Cf.  Belownder. 

LOWVEBi  same  as  Lownder  (1),  above. — ^Wem  ;  Ellbsioebe. 

LOZZOCK  [loz'uk],  V.  n.  to  lie  down  idly,  instead  of  being  at  work. 
— Wem.  •  *B  went  an'  lozzocked  i'  the  'ay  i'  the  tallant  instid  o'  awin' 
them  turmits,  as  I  toud  im.'  The  participle  lozzockin'  has  a  wide 
meaning,  and  is  often  used  as  an  intensitive  to  *  idle ' — '  a  lozzockin* 
idle  fellow.'    Cf.  LoUock,  also  LoaeUing. 

LVCET-BOVB,  sh.  the  coracoid  bone  of  a  fowL-^SHREWSBURT.  Qy. 
com.  This  bone  carried  in  purse  or  pocket  is  believed  to  bring  money- 
fortune,  whenoe  the  name — ludty^hone.    See  CUp-me-tight. 

LTTO,  (1)  i;.  a.  to  cart;  to  carry;  to  drag.  Com.  Haul-  is  some- 
times employed  when  speaking  of  carrving  coal :  about  Newport  they 
tarry  hay,  and  draw  coal ;  but  lug  is  the  term  of  wide  acceptance  and 
general  usage  as  glossed  above ;  anything  or  everything  that  can  be 
carried,  is  *  lugged,* — fiom  a  baby  to  a  waggon-load  of  oom.  (\)  *  They 
wun  ^ein  to  lug  barley  this  momin',  but  afore  thev  coula  get  the 
waggins  out  it  begun  to  rain.'  (2)  '  That  poor  wench  seems  as  if  'er 
could  scaoe  lug  'er  legs  after  'er,  let  alone  lug  the  child — ^I  doubt  'er 
inna  lung  fur  this  world.' 

'  1794,  Feby  6 — Getting  on  some  lime  rubbish  on  Long  Meadow, 
the  stuff  from  Tinsley's  old  house.  Luggd  the  bricks  from  it  to 
build  a  pit  in  garden.' — Bailiff's  Jjiary,  iUton,  Oswestry.  Byeg<me9^ 
1877,  p.  316. 

'  Make  seruant  at  night  lug  in  wood  or  a  log, 
let  none  come  in  emptie  but  slut  and  thy  dog.' 

Tussbr's  Ftue  Hundred  PointeB  of  Good  IIu$handrt\ 
ed.  E.  D.  S.,  p.  177. 

(2)  V.  o.  to  pull,  as  of  the  ears.  .  Qy.  com.  *  If  'e  dunna  mind,  Til 
lug  'is  ears  as  lung  as  a  donkey's.' 

•  Swed.  lugga,  to  lug,  pulL' — Strat. 

(3)  9h.  a  rod  used  in  roof-thatching.— Ellbsicerb. 

'  pu  seist  ^at  ich  am  manne  lo> 
And  ever  euch  man  is  wi>  me  wro> 
And  me  mid  stone  and  lugge  l^retel^ 
And  me  toburstefy  and  tobete)>.' 

Owl  and  Nightingale,  1.  1609. 
See  Bucklea.    Cf.  Bpringle  (2). 

LXraOPS-TID,  sK  St.  Luke's  Day— the  time  of  the  Festival  of  St 
Luke. — Clbe  Hills. 

XujulA,  interj.  Look  you !  =  See  that !  an  expression  evincing 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC-  265 
fiurprise  at  —  or  calling  attention  to  —  something  being  done.  — 

GOLLIEBT. 

LTTKBEBy  sh,  mischief;  trouhle.  Com.  'That  lad's  al'ays  i'  some 
lumber.*  *  Whad's  *e  bin  doin*  now  ? '  *  Breakin'  windows — ^'is  poor 
Mother's  got  two-an'-ninepence  to  pay,  an'  dunna  know  'ow  to  get  a 
bit  o'  bresid  fur  the  rest  on  'em.' 

LTJHF,  sb.  a  good-sized  child. — ^Worthbn,  Cherhury,  *How  big 
are  your  children  P '     *  Oh,  they  bin  lump$.* 

LujnOE  [lunj*],  (1)  v.a.  to  use  unfairly,  as  of  eating  food  by  stealth, 
&c. — PuLYEBBATOH.  Qy.  com.  '  Ate  as  much  mate  as  yo'  wanten, 
but  dunna  Iwnge  it.'    Of.  Muzige  (1). 

(2)  V.  a.  to  abuse ;  to  ill-treat  with  violence. — Wem«     '  'E  knocked 
'im  down  and  lunged  'im  shameful.' 

LTJHOEOirS  [lun-jus],  adj.  malicious;  spiteful;  cruel.  Com.  'I 
55dna  '&ye  that  fellow  among  my  cattle  on  no  accoimt,  'e's  the  most 
lungeaua  brute  to  poor  dumb  beas  as  ever  wuz  about  a  place.' 

LiniOFTJL,  LUHOSOMK    See  LongfU  and  Longsome. 

LTJSET.    See  Lorry. 

LUTJS  [loct],  sb.  a  worthless  person. — Clbb  Hills.  *Yo'  binna 
thinkin*  o'  marryin'  that  mon,  Sal — ^w'y  'e's  a  reglar  lute.*  Compare 
luther  in  the  following : — 

*  I  deme  men  )>at  don  ille  *  and  ^it  I  do  wel  worse, 

pus  I  line  loueles  *  lyk  A  lu\>er  dogge, 

pat  al  my  breste  BoUe)'  *  for  bitter  of  my  galle.' 

Piera  PI.,  Text  A.,  pass.  y.  L  98. 
A.B.  ly^Ser,  bad ;  wicked. 

L-WOOD,  sb.  a  plantation  running  in  two  lines,  one  down  the  slope 
of  a  hill,  the  other,  meeting  it  at  its  base  in  such  a  way  as  to  give 
the  wood  —  when  seen  at  some  distance  off  —  a  likeness  to  the 
letter  L ;  whence  the  name  given  to  it. — ^WnrroHnBOH. 


MAESTUB    [maes'tur"],  sb.,  var.  pr.  same  as  Haiiter,  q.  v. — 
Wellington;  Nbwpobt;  Whitchtjbch;  Elleshebe. 

MAO  [magi,  (1)  v.  a.  to  teaze  incessantly. — ^Ludlow.     *  Cannayo'  be 
queet,  an  nod  m<ig  me  so  ? ' 

(2)  9b.  a  chatterer.— /5»U    The  term  is  sometimes  reduplicated,  as, 
'  I  never  'eard  sich  a  mag-mag  as  yo'  in  all  my  days.' 
Poggo  gives  '  Magging,  prating,  chattering.     Ohesh.' 

KAOPT  [mag-pi'],  sb.,  var.  pr.  the  Magpie. — Shbewsburt  ;  Pulver- 
batoh;  Olttn.    Qy.  com. 

*  Devil,  devil,  I  defy  thee, 
Magpy,  magpy,  I  go  by  thee.' 


266  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

The  form  Magpy  occurs  in  a  list  of  bird-names  giren  by  Bandle 
Hohne,  Academy  of  Armory^  Bk.  IL  cb.  xiii.  p.  308. 

Cf.  Chatter-pie,  and  Kag  (2),  aboye. 

See  Bk.  11.,  FolMore^  &c.,  'Superstitions  concerning  Birds  and 
Eggs.' 

MAID,  (1)  «&.  a  light  portable  frame  used  for  hanging  clothes  upon  ; 
a  clothes-horse.    Com. 
Called  <  Tamsin  [Thomasine]  in  Kent* — ^Peook 
See  Kaiden.  (1),  below. 

(2)  sh.^  oh$.  a  round  straw  mat — ^having  a  bow-handle — used  as  a 
kind  of  breastplate  to  protect  the  person  when  lifting  a  large  iron 
pot  off  the  fire :  the  pot  rested  against  it,  and  was  carried  by  the 
'  ears '  on  each  side. — Bishop's  Castle  ;  Cltts, 

(3)  sh.j  obs,  same  as  Lasy-back,  q.  y. — ^Bbidonobth. 
MAISEF,  (1)  same  as  Kaid  (1),  aboye.    Com. 

(2)  same  as  Dolly  (1),  q.  y.— Bridgnoeth, 

MAISE  fmai'z],  sh,  stinking  Chamomile. — Wbllington.  See  Kay- 
thig,  also  Dog-daisy. 

MAI8TEE  [mai'stur*],  (1)  sb,  an  employer. — Shrewsbury  j  Pulvbr- 
BATCH.     Qy.  com. 

'  \)e  segges  were  a-slepe  l^an  *  (^at  it  schuld  jeme, 
al  but  \fe  mest  maister  *  to  munge  ^e  sofye.' 

William  of  PaUme,  1.  2735. 

(2)  %b,  a  husband. — Ihid, 

(3)  Bh,  a  title  of  address  to  a  superior  or  elder.  —  Ibid,  Cf. 
Oaffer  (1). 

<  O.Fr.  maMrey  qui,  par  soite  du  fr^uent  emploi,  deyint  de  bonne 
heure  maistre^  d'oi!^  les  orthographes  meittref  mestre^  maitre,  .  .  .  chef 
.....  du  latin  magiiter.* — Bur. 

Cf.  Kaester. 

MAISTEKIV,  (1 )  adj,  imperious ;  authoritatiye ;  assuming  the  aira 
of  a  master;  oyerbearing. — Pulverra.tch ;  "Whitchuroh;  Elles- 
MERE.  *  'E  seems  a  maiateria*  sort  o'  mon,  that.'  *  Oh,  aye  !  'e  can 
do  the  maisUrin^  nart  right  well,  but  a  bit  o'  'ard  work  d5d  shoot  'im 
a  sight  better.'    Spenser  has  this  word  in  the  sense  of  controlling : — 

* .     .    .    with  may  string  discipline  doth  tame.' 

F.  0.,  Bk.  IV.  c.  ix.st.il 

KAK  [mak*],  v.  a.  to  make.  Qy.  com.  *Whad  bin  'ee  gwein  to 
male  o'  that  ? — it  inna-d-enough  fur  a  gownd,  is  it  ? ' 

*  Amang  squilk  was  bro|;ht  a  writte, 
O  Seth  )7e  name  was  laid  on  it ; 
O  suilk  a  stem  )>e  writt  it  spak, 
And  of  ^ir  offerands  to  makJ 

Cursor  Mundi  (a.D.  1320,  circa). 
Spfidm.  Early  Eng,^  yii.  1.  28. 


OLOSSART  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROTINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   267 

*  An'  whyles  twalpennie  worth  o'  nappy 
Can  mdk  the  bodies  nnco  happy.* 

BoBEBT  BuBJrs,  Poems,  p.  3,  1.  34. 

A.S.  macian  ;  O.Fris.  mahiay  to  make. 


[mai'k  and  mak*],  (1)  v.  a.  to  bar ;  to  bolt ;  to  fasten,  as  of 
doors  or  shutters.  Qy.  com.  '  Turn  out  these  dogs  an*  cats,  an'  make 
the  doors  an'  shutters,  it's  gettin'  on  fiir  bed-time.' 

' .    .    .    .    .    she  will  well  excuse 
Why  at  this  time  the  doors  are  made  against  you.' 

Comedy  of  Errors,  TIT,  i  93. 

'  Rosalind.  ....  make  the  doors  upon  a  woman's  wit,  and  it  will 
out  at  the  casement.' — As  Tou  Like  It,  lY.  L  162. 

^^gS^  gives  *  Make  tJie  door,  or  windows,  i.  e.  fasten  them.  North. 
Salop.,  Leic' 

Low  Dutch,  mak  to,  to  shut,  or  fiuiten ;  '  mak  to  Jiet  door,*  shut  the 
door.    C£  liiBk. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  secure  by  shutting  up,  as  of  a  dog,  a  stray  animal,  Ac 
Qy.  com.  '  Yo'd'n  better  mak  that  dog  up  i'  one  o*  the  bings,  far  if  yo' 
tie'n  'im  up  be'appen  'ell  hong  'imself  afore  mornin'.' 


A  MOCK,  phr,  to  half  do  a  thing — ^to  do  it  neither  wholly 
nor  perfectly. — ^WSM.  '  It's  no  use  'im  miScin'  a  mock  on  it,  if  'e  conna 
do  it,  'e'd  better  let  it  alone,  an'  let  somebody  else  try  thar  'ond.'  Of. 
Imitate. 

MAKE-SHIFT,  v.  n.  to  manage ;  to  contrive ;  to  do  with  or  without 
a  thing,  as  the  case  may  be.  Com.  '  I'd  sooner  mak^^shift  any  how 
than  be  al'ays  borrowin'  like  they  bin.' 

'  Good  husband  and  huswife,  will  sometime  alone, 
make  shift  with  a  morsell  and  picke  of  a  bone.' 

TussER,  Hustoiferie,  ed.  E.  D.  S„  p.  175. 

'  Sad  will  I  be,  so  bereft, 

Nancy,  Nancy ! 
Yet  rU  tiy  to  make  a  shift, 
My  spouse,  Nancy.' 

Robert  Burns,  Poems,  p.  186, 1.  15. 

MALKIH  [mau'kin],  (1)  sb.  an  oven-mop  made  of  rags.  Qy.  com. 
*  Now  then,  wet  the  maukin,  an'  fatch  the  tin  to  p&t  the  gledes  in.' 

'  The  Maukin  is  a  foul  and  dirty  Cloth  hung  at  the  end  of  a  long 
Pole,  which  bei^  wet,  the  Baker  sweeps  all  the  Ashes  together  there- 
with, which  the  ^ire  or  Fuel,  in  the  heating  of  the  Oven,  hath  scattered 
all  about  within  it.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  vi.  p.  293, 

*  Hoc  tersorium.  An**,  a  malkyn,'  under  the  head  of  *  Pistor  cum  suis 
Instrwnentis,*  occurs  in  a  Pictorial  Vocabulary,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr. 
vocabe.,  vol.  i.  p.  276. 

'  Malkyne,  mappyl,  or  oven  swepare.  Doasorium,  tersorium. 
**  Malkvn  for  an  ouyn,  frot^gon."  —  Palso.  HoUiband  renders 
"  Wavar^e,  the  clout  wherewith  they  dense  or  sweepe  the  ouen, 
called  a  maukin." ' — Prompt.  Parv,  and  Notes, 

See  Malkin,  in  Wedo.  ,Cf.  Slut  (1). 


268  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

(2)  Bh.  a  scarecrow,  made  up  of  old  ragged  garments  into  a  nide 
representation  of  a  human  figure.  Qy.  com.  *  The  Bayly's  piit  sich 
a  rar'  good  maukin  i'  the  oom-leasow — anybody  o6d  think  it  wuz  a 
livin'  mon.' 

Nares  giyee  '  MaUein,  a  diminutiye  of  Mary ;  of  mal  and  kin.  Used 
generally  in  contempt.  HencOj  as  Hanmer  says,  a  stuffed  figure  of 
rags  was,  and  in  some  places  still  is,  called  a  malkinJ 

*  Forby  gives  maukin  as  signifying  either  a  dirty  wench,  or  a  scare- 
crow of  shreds  and  patches.' — ^Way, 

See  below.    Of.  Mommet  ( 1 ). 

3)  »h,  a  sloTenly,  showily-dressed  —  would-be-fine-and-£ashion- 
girl  or  woman.    Qy.  com.     *  Sally,  if  yo'  g5'n  to  town  i'  that 
owd  doak  an*  them  fithers  an'  flowers  stuck  i'  yore  'at,  yo'n  a  to  carry 
the  flag  for  the  biggest  mavJdn  i'  the  far.' 

<  Bru,  All  tongues  speak  of  him, 


.,£- 


the  kitchen  fnaJkin  pins 

Her  richest  lockram  'bout  her  reechy  neck, 
Clambering  the  walls  to  eye  him.' 

CoriolanuSf  II.  i  224. 

KALL  [maul],  same  as  Beetle,  q.  v. — Wem ;  Oswbstrt. 

' and  with  mighty  nuill 

The  monster  merdlesse  him  made  to  £euL' 

Spekser,  F,  Q.,  Bk.  I.  c.  Til.  st  51. 

*  Malyet,  betyl  {maJle  or  malyet,  H.  P.).  MaUeoltu,' — Prompt,  Parv. 
O.Fr.  mail ;  Lat.  malkus,  a  nammer,  mallet. 

XALIrBEETLE,  same  as  above. — Clun  ;  Clee  Hills. 

MAKMOOK,  MOmOCK  [mam*uk  and  momnk] — ^both  pionuncia- 
tions  obtain,  but  the  latter  is  the  more  usual  one — v.  a.  to  cut  into 
fragments;  to  mangle,  break  up,  or  crumble  away,  so  as  to  cause 
waste :  said  of  fo(^.  —  Shbewsbttby  ;  Atohah  ;  Pulvebbatch  ; 
WoBTHEK;  Wem;  Whitchubch;  Ellesmebb.  'Dunna  mommock 
that  good  mate,  yo'n  be  ^lad  o'  worse  than  that  some  day.' 

' ...  he  did  so  set  his  teeth  and  tear  it ;  O,  I  warrant,  how  he 
mammocked  it.' — Coriolanua,  L  iii.  71. 

Bailey — ed.  1727 — ^has  '  To  Mammock  [prob.  of  Jfan,  Brit,  little  or 
small,  and  Ock  a  Diminutive],  to  break  into  Bits  or  Scraps.' 

Ash  gives  '  Mammock,  to  tear ;  to  break  into  shapeless  pieces.' 

Cf.  Ort,  also  Kommock  (2). 

HAMMOCKS,  MOMMOCKS,  eh.  pi.  fragments;  viands  'mam- 
mocked,' or  broken  up  into  scraps.  —  Ibid.  *  Look  at  all  these 
mommocka  throwed  about —  '*  wilful  waste  brings  woial  want," 
remember.' 

*  Where  you  were  wonte  to  haue 

cawdaLs  for  your  hede, 
Nowe  must  you  mouche 
Mammocks  and  lumps  of  bred.* 

Magnyfycence,  1.  2034,  Skeltos's  Worki^  L  291. 

Minsheu^-ed.  1617 — ^has  *Mammockes,  peeoee;  Yi.  fragments— 
peeoes.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.    269 

Bailey — ed.  1782— giyes  *  Mammock  [probably  of  Man^  0.  Br.  little, 
and  Ock^  Dim.]  a  Fragment,  Piece,  or  Scrap.' 
Ash  has  '  mammock^  a  e^peless  piece.' 

MAHIKnr  [man'i'kln],  eK^  ohsoh.  a  masculine  woman. — Fulveb- 
BATCH.  *  It  inna  to  be  'spected  as  x>oor  Mary  can  top-an'-tayle 
turmits  like  that  great  mdnikin  as  lives  neighbour  to  her — but  'er's  a 
tidy  little  d5man  i'  the  'ouse.'  Compare  Shakespeare's  *mankindf^ 
used  in  the  similar  sense  of  haying  a  masculine  nature : — 

•  Lean,  Out  I 

A  mankind  witch !    Hence  with  her,  out  o'  door.* 

Winter'a  TaU,  U.  iii.  67. 

"MASK  [mang'k],  $b.  a  rogmsh  trick;  a  prank. — Clun;  Weh. 
'  Yo'  bin  up  to  yore  mankt  theer  agen — ^bin  'ee  P ' 

XANSH  [man'shj,  t;.  a.,  var,  pr.  to  mash. — Fulvebbatoh  ;  Elles- 
ME&E.  *  The  Missis  said  I  wuz  to  mansh  the  'tatoes,  an'  'er'd  piit  the 
butter  an'  crame — an'  to  mak'  'em  good.' 

K'APPEF  [mapnl,  contraction  of  Mayhappen,  q.  v.  *M'appen  'er 
met,  an'  m'appen  "'er  metna'  =  perhaps  she  will— perhaps  she  won't. — 
Ellesmebe,  WeUhampUm, 

*  Lai  Dinah  Grayson's  firesh,  fewsome,  an'  free, 
Wid  a  lilt  iy  her  step  an'  a  elent  iy  her  e'e ; 
She  glowers  ebbem  at  me  'vmatiyer  I  say. 
An'  medstly  mak's  answer  wid  **  JiTappen  1  may ! " 
"  ATappen  I  may,"  she  says,  "  m*appen  I  may ; 
Thou  thinks  I  belieye  the**,  an'  m^appen  I  may  I " ' 

Lai  Dinah  Grayson,  y.  i.^  in  The  Folk-tpeeeh  of 
Cumberland,  by  A.  G.  Gibson,  F.S.A. 

HAR  [maa-r'],  ^1)  sh,^  var.  pr.  a  mare.  Com.  ''Er's  a  rar^  good 
trottm'  mar — ^^er  is.'  AS.  metre,  a  mare;  O.N.  mar,  a  horse.  Cf. 
Mere  (1).    See  A  (3)  (15)  in  Grammar  Outlines  {vowels,  &a). 

(2)  sb,,  var.  pr.  a  mere. — ^Ellesmebe  ;  Oswbstby.  A  circuit  of  a 
few  miles  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Ellesmere  embraces  seyeral  beauti- 
ful '  merea'  Not  the  least  remarkable  for  their  loyeliness  are  '  Black- 
mere'  and  'Kettle-mere,  which  lie  contigpious  to  each  other.  A 
gentleman  riding  down  the  lane  which  skirts  them,  said  to  a  boy 


KABCH-MALL0W8  [maaVch  mal'uss],  eb,  Malva  sylvSstrit,  common 
Mallow.— Shbewsbuby  ;  Fulvebbatoh  ;  Clun.  Qy.  com.  •  March" 
maUuB  stewed  into  a  tay  is  a  mighty  good  thing  fur  swellin'  as  comes 
from  rheumatiz,'  said  Isabella  Fearce,  of  the  Twitch^n. 

*  The  mallow — ^is  yery  much  used  by  the  Arabs  medicinally ;  they 
make  poultices  of  the  leayes  to  allay  irritation  and  inflammation.' — 
IkmetUc  Life  in  Palestine,  p.  323,  in  Wedo. 

'  Malva,  aa,  es  malache,  ^loX^xa,  iropd  rA  itak^couv,  quod  est  moUire. 
Th$  herb  mallowB.* — Diet.  ktym.  Lett. 


270  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

HABKET-PEABT,  adj.  exhilarated,  rather  than  podtiyely  intoxi- 
cated, by  drink — a  retiun-from-market-oondition.  Com.  See  Fresh  (1). 

MAJLLIN,  sb,,  var.  pr.  HypotriorchU  (ksalon^  the  Merlin. — Bridg- 
north. 

MAEMIHT,  MABMOT  [maa-r'mint],  Fulverbatch.  [maaVmut], 
Cleb  Kills,  «6.,  oIbcIb.  a  three-legged  iron  pot — ^holding  abont  four 
quarts — ^to  be  hung  over  the  fire.  '  Bring  me  the  marmini,  to  bilo 
some  linsid  fiir  the  coVs  drench.' 

'  2  Potts — 1  MarmiUf*  are  comprised  in  an  Inventory,  dated  at  Aston 
Botterell,  about  1758. 

'  Marmite  ;  sorte  de  pot  de  fer,  de  cuivre,  &c.  o^  Ton  £Ebit  bouillir  les 
yiandes  dont  on  fait  au  potage.  A  porridge  pot;  a  seething  pot. 
"  La  marmite  est  bonne  chez  lui.    He  Keeps  a  ^M>d  table." ' — Qbaxb. 

HAREED  [maaVd],  part.  adj.  petted ;  foolishly  indulged ;  spoilt. — 
Whitchxtrch  ;  EllesmEre.  '  '£r*8  marred  that  lad  tell  'ell  neyer  be 
no  good  to  'isself  nor  nobody  else.' 

'  Be  wise  who  first  doth  teach  thy  childe  that  Art, 
Least  homelie  breaker  mar  fine  ambling  balL 
Not  rod  in  mad  braines  hand  is  that  can  helpe, 
But  gentle  skill  doth  make  the  proper  whelpe.' 

TussER,  ed.  K  D.  S.,  p.  185. 
Cf:  Oadiah. 

MARKTEl)  ALL  O'EB,  phr.  said  of  women  who  after  their 
marriage  fall  off  in  appearance,  and  become  poor  and  miserable- 
looking. — Pulverbatch;  Wem;  Ellesmere.  'Han'ee  aid  Mary 
Gittins  lately?'  'Iss,  dunna-d-'er  look  bad?  Aye,  'er's  marrM 
all  o'er  r 

MAESOW  [maar^'oe],  (1)  sb.  a  friend;  a  companion;  a  mate — 'a 
play-marrow.'— Wem  ;  Whitchtjrch;  Ellesmere. 

'  <'  O  stay  at  hame,  my  noble  lord, 
O  stay  at  hame,  my  marrow. 
My  cruel  brother  will  you  betray 
On  the  dowie  houms  o'  Yarrow."  * 

The  Dowie  Dens  o*  Yarrow  {&rst  printed,  A.D.  1803), 
in  Border  MinstreUy,  ii.  p.  373. 

*  With  theefe  and  his  marrow  *  occurs  in  Tusser,  ed.  E.  D.  S.,  p.  131. 

*Marwe,  or  felawe  yn  trauayle  (or  mate,  marowe.  P.).  Socius, 
rompar.  The  term  marrow  used  in  tnis  sense  is  .  •  .  retained  in  the 
Northern,  Shropshire,  and  Exmoor  dialects.  ...  It  occurs  in  the 
TownL  Myst.,  p.  110.' — Prompt.  Farv,  and  Notes. 

See  below.    Of.  Butty  (1). 

(2)  sh.  a  fellow;  one  of  a  pair,  as  of  shoes,  &c. — Ibid.  (1)  *They 
wun  off  the  same  ship,  Sir ;  this  leg^s  the  marrow  o'  the  one  yo'  seed.' 
(2)  '  That  inna  ihe^marrow  o'  the  boot  the  child's  got  on,  it  belungs 
to  another.' 

Bailey — ed.  1782 — has  *  Marrows,  Fellows;  as,  my  Oloves  are  not 
Marrows,'  a  *  North  Country'  Word. 

Jamioson  gives  *  Marrow,^  with  the  seyeral  meanings  of  *  a  com- 
panion,' *  a  married  partner,'  *  one  of  a  pair.* 

Soo  above.    Cf.  Butty  (3). 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  271 

HABVELS  [maa-rVh'Iz],  sb.  pi,  var,  pr,  marbles. — Shrewsbury  ; 
PuLVBBBATCH.  Qy.  com.  **0w  m&nj marvels  'ast 'ee  got,  Dick?' 
'  Forty,  lad — I  won  fifteen  stoneys  an'  six  alleys  off  Jack  Ivans,  *side 
whad  I  'ad  aiore.'  Mr.  Hsdliwell  gives  '  marvels '  for  marbles  as  a 
Suffolk  word. 

MASED  [mai'zd],  part.  adj.  stupefied;  confused;  made  giddy. — 
Pulverbatch;  Colliery.  'Poor  Jack  Bobe'ts  fell  off  the  lather 
isterd'y,  a-sarvin'  the  thetcher — 'e  wunna  much  'urt,  on'y  a  bit  mased, 
but  'e  met  as  well  a  bin  killed.' 

*  t>ai  witerly  he  coulee  no  word  *  long  l^er-after  spek, 
but  stared  on  here  stifly  *  a-stoneyd  for  ioye, 
l^at  he  cast  al  his  colour  *  and  bi-com  pale, 
and  eft  red  as  rose  '  in  a  litel  while. 
BO  witerly  was  )>at  word  '  wounde  to  hert, 
pai  he  ferd  as  a  mased  man  *....' 

WtUiam  of  Paleme,  L  8S4. 

*  She  seyde,  she  was  so  mased  in  the  see 
That  she  forgat  hir  mynde,  by  hir  trewthe.' 

Chattcer,  B.  526  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

Mr.  Oliphant^  speaking  of  the  Ancren  Biwle  [a.d.  1222,  circa'],  says, 
'  Many  Norse  words  are  found  for  the  first  time  in  this  workJ  and  he 
gives  a  list  of  these, — amongst  them  is  *  Mased,  ddirus,  O.N.  masa, 
to  chatter  confusedly.' — Sources  of  Standard  English,  p.  122. 

Cf.  Maskered. 

MASEY  [mai'zi'],  adj\  confused. — ^Wem. 

MASH,  (1)  ab.  a  preparation,  as  of  bran  mixed  with  water,  given  to 
horses  and  cattle.  Com.  *  The  mar's  got  a  nasty  wisk,  'er'd  better 
'&ve  a  warm  mash  to-night.' 

'  Drenches ;  Drinks  or  Mashes  given  to  Horses  to  cleanse  them.' — 
Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  iiL  p.  89. 

'  A  commixture,  a  mash,* — Florio,  p.  Ill,  in  Hal. 

(2)  V,  a.  and  v.  n.  to  pour  boiling  water  upon  the  malt  intended  for 
brewing,  mixing  it  well  together  with  the  mashing-staff.     Com. 

(3)  V.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  infuse,  as  of  tea. — Shrewsbury  ;  Elleshere. 
Qy.  com.     '  I'll  put  the  tay  to  mash  aVile  I  clane  me.' 

Jamieson  has  vwuk  in  the  same  sense,  and  gives  '  Masking-pat^  a 
tea-pot.' 

KASHIH0-BA8EET,  same  as  Bet-well,  q.  v.— Ellesmere. 

MASHHTO-MtfHjlIiE,  ah.^  ohaoU.  a  brewing  utensil  used  for  stirring 
the  malt  in  the  '  mashing-tub,'  and  the  *  drink '  in  the  '  furnace.' — 
Elleshere,  Welshampton,    See  below.    Cf.  Mundle  (1). 

MASHIirO^STAFP,  same  as  above. — Pulverbatch  ;  Craven  Arms  ; 
Church  Stretton;  Wem.    Qy.  com. 

*  Mashing-staff,  pouch  and  taps.' — Auctioneer's  Catalogue  (Long- 
ville),  1877. 

KASHIHO-TXrB,  sh.  a  tub — either  round  or  oval  in  form — in  which 
the  malt  is  mashed  in  the  process  of  browing.     Com. 


272  SHROPSHIBS  WORD-BOOK. 

*  Three  oak  masking'tubs,* — Audioneer'a  dskdogtie  (Ohnrdi  Stretton), 
1877.    See  Kaidi  (2),  above. 

KASH-BXTLE,  same  as  Hashing-mnndle,  above. — Newport. 

*  Mash-rule,  ladder,  and  sieve.' — AucUoneer^s  Catalogue  (Fortcni 
Hall),  1875. 

^  Maschel,  or  rothyr,  or  maecJischerd.  Remtdue^  palmula,  misctorium. 
This  term  evidently  implies  the  implement  used  for  mashing  or  mbanf; 
the  malt,  to  which,  from,  resemblance  in  form,  the  name  'rudder'  is 
also  given.  In  Withal's  little  Dictionary,  enlarged  by  W.  Clerk, 
among  the  instruments  of  the  Brew-house  is  given  "  a  rudder,  or 
instrument  to  stir  the  meash-fatte  with,  mciaculumj'' — Prompt,  Parv, 
and  Notes. 

KASK,  same  as  Mass,  below. — Oswestbt. 

HASEEBED  [mas'kur'd],  (1)  part,  adj,  confosed;  bewildered,  as  by 
losing  the  way  in  fog,  or  snow,  or  darkness. — ^Piilvebbatch  ;  Much 
Wbnlock;  Wellington;  Colliery;  Wem.  '  It  wuz  a  great  mercy 
the  X)oor  fellow  wunna  lost — 'e  got  maskered  i*  the  snow-storm  o'  the 
'ill,  an'  w'en  it  oliered  off  'e  wuz  miles  out  on  'is  road.' 

Maskered  is  the  malskrid  of  William  of  PaJeme,  with  the  I  left  out : — 

'  &  told  here  l^anne  as  tit  *  treweli  al  l^e  so^e, 
how  he  had  missed  is  mayne  '  A  jnaiskrid  a-boute.' — ^L  416. 

Compare  '  Mask,  v.  a.  ^  bewilder ;  part.  "  maskede." — Legend  of  St, 
Brandan,  115,'  in  CoL. 

(2)  part,  adj,  confused ;  '  bothered ' — '  maskered  wuth  the  men's  talk^' 

—  WEM. 

Pegge  has  '  Maskered,  stunned ;  also  nearly  choaked.    N'orUv' 
Cf.  leased. 

HASLIK-KETTLE,  sh,  a  brass,  or  a  tinned-copper,  preserving-pan. — 
Clee  Hills;  Ellesmere,  WelsJiampton, 

*  Maslin  ktkle.^ — Auctioneer's  Catalogue  ([Stoddesden),  1870. 

'  Take  a  quarte  of  good  wyne,  and  do  it  in  a  clone  mastelyn  panne, 
and  do  therto  an  ownce  of  salgemme. — M8,  Med,  Bec,y  xv.  cent.' 
in  Hal. 

A.S.  moeslen,  mcutlen^  brass ;  mcssUing,  a  brass  vessel.  Cl  Keslin- 
kettle. 

MASS,  sb,,  var,  pr.  acorns ;  mast.  —  Pulverbatoh  ;  Ellesmere. 
*  Theer's  a  good  'it  o'  mcus  this  'ear — ^rar'  raps  for  the  pigs  an'  gis.' 

Gbose  gives  '  Mass,  acorns  (mast),  Exmoor.' 

A.S.  mcest,  food,  such  as  acorns,  berries,  and  nuts.  Geim.  mast, 
Perhaps  related  to  GK)th.  mats,  food.    See  Mask,  above. 

MASTEB-TAU,  sb.  the  left  handle  of  a  plough.— Cluk  ;  Brido- 

NORTH. 

*  The  Master  handle  is  that  on  the  left  hand,  which  he  [the  man] 
holdeth  while  he  cleareth  the  Plow  from  clogging  earth.' — Academy  of 
Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  viii.  p.  333. 

See  By-tail. 

MATE,  sb,,  var,  pr,  meat.  Com.  *  We'n  'ad  a  bit  o'  mate  out  o'  the 
owd  dish,'  said  a  peasant-man,  when  telling  how  the  old  Beotor  had 
been  able  to  take  ois  Sunday  duty  again. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  273 

* .  .  .  it  coste  me  of  my  noiine  propr  godes  at  tliat  tyme  more  than 
yj.  merkes  in  ma^  and  drynke.' — Faaton  Letters,  A.D.  1450,  yol.  L  p.  133. 
See  Keat. 

MAUL  [mau'I],  v,  a,  to  poll  about ;  to  handle  roughly.  Qy.  com. 
'Shepherd's  a  mighty  good-tempered  dog — ^'e  lets  the  childem  maul 
'im  as  much  as  they'n  a  mind,  an'  never  snaps  'em.' 

KATTH',  MAujnjnA,  must;  must  not.  See  Oraanmar  Outlines, 
p.  Ixxz. 

*  He  begged,  for  Gndeeake  I  I  wad  be  his  wife, 

Or  else  I  wad  kill  him  wi'  sorrow : 
So  e'en  to  preserye  the  poor  body  in  life, 
I  think  I  maun  wed  him  to-morrow,  to-morrow, 
I  think  I  maun  wed  him  to-morrow.' 

BoBBBT  BuBNB,  Poem$j  p.  195,  U.  10,  11. 

'  With  glooman  brow  the  laird  seeks  in  his  rent : 
Tis  no  to  gie ;  your  merchant's  to  the  bent : 
His  honour  maunna  want,  he  poinds  your  Rear ; 
Syne  driven  frae  house  and  hald,  where  wm  ye  steer  ?  * 

Allan  Bamsay,  The  OenUe  Shepherd,  I.  ii.  p.  19. 

Mr.  Oliphant  says  that  the  Scandinavian  munnde  of  the  '  Ormulum ' 
18  found  as  mone  in  '  Havelok  the  Dane,'  written  80  years  later : — 

<  I  wene  that  we  deye  mone 
For  hunger    ....    .'— L  840. 

He  remarks  that  '  this  mone  is  almost  the  Scotch  fnauo.' — 8ource$  of 
Standard  English,  p.  165. 
Of.  Kun. 

■AUVCHEB  [maunfihur'],  tb,  a  stone  crusher.  Com.  M.  T.  Cf. 
ICftnsli. 

MAXTHDEB  [mau-ndur*],   v.  n.   to  wander  about,  as  if  without 
settled  purpose. — Clee  Hills.     'OVs  Jack  gwe'fn  onP'     <0h,  Vs 
no  good,  'e  gwuz  maunderin*  about  like  some  owd  cow.' 
See  Mauwler  in  Hal.    Of.  Oonder  (2). 

KAWDBEL  [maun-dr'ill,  sb.  a  pick,  sharp-pointed^at  each  end, 
used  in  '  getting '  coal.    Uom.     M.  T. 

Pogge  gives  this  word  for  'Nortii.'    Mr.  Halliwell  says  that  it 
occurs  in  *  Howell,  1660,  sect  51,' 

KAUT  [mau't],  sb.,  var,  pr.  malt.    Com. 

'  O,  WilHe  brewed  a  peck  o'  maut. 
And  Bob  and  Allan  cam  to  see ; 
Three  blyther  hearts,  tilat  lee-limg  night, 
Ye  wad  na  find  in  Christendie.' 

BoBSBT  BuBKB,  Poems,  p.  200,  L  17,  o,  2. 

XAWXnr.    See  Malkin. 

KAWKSED  [mauk'st],  pari,  roughly  fingered;  rumpled;  made 
untidy.  —  Ellesicsbe.  '  Dear  'eait  aUve !  'ow  yo'n  mawksed  that 
appam,  Vy  it  wuz  on'y  clane  on  at  tay-time.' 

KAWKSnrO,  part.   adj.   sauntering ;    loitering.  —  Shrkwbbitrt  ; 

T 


274  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

Atoham;  Pulyerbatch;  Wem;  Ellesmerb.     *  I'ye  knit  a  stockiii 
awUde  we^n  bin  mawknn*  the  lanes  after  a  bit  o'  laisin' — a  sign  we 
hanna  'ad  much  to  do.' 

HAWMSET  [mau'mzi'],  adj,  sleepy;  stupid,  as  from  want  of  rest, 
or  from  over-drinking. — Pulvebbatch  ;  Wem.  '  Merry  nights  m&k'n 
sorrowful  momin's — Fm  despert  mawmsey  to-day,  an'  aWnna.  be  right 
tell  I'm  pooFd  through  the  sheets  agen.' 

MAWH  [mau'n],  sh,,  var,  pr.  a  mane. — Wem. 

KAWSEIir  [maus'kin  and  mau'skin],  sb.  the  stomach  of  a  calf  pre- 
pared for  rennet — Wobthen  ;  Newport.  A.S.  maga,  the  stomach. 
Cf .  Kidmaw,  also  Bindless. 

HAY,  (1)  V.  «.,  var,  pr,  make. — Colliery;  Newport.  *Oi*ll  may 
that  warm  fur  ye.'  See  A  (6)  in  Grammar  Outlines  (wnveU,  &a). 
See  also  Mek.     Of.  ICak. 

(2)  pron,f  var.  pr.,  emph,  me. — Ihid. 

'  there  he  tooke  a  ring  of  his  ffingar  right, 

&  to  that  squier  raught  itt  hee, 
&  said,  **  beare  this  t6  my  Lady  bright, 
for  shee  may  thinke  itt  longe  or  Siee  may  see." ' 

Bonoorth  Feilde,  L  524.     Percy  Folio  MS., 
ToL  iii.  p.  254,  ed.  Hales  and  Fumiyall. 

'In  and  near  Newcastle,  Staffordshire,  me  is  to-day  pronounced 
may.' — Glossarial  Note  by  Mr.  Viles,  p.  560,  ibid. 

&QQ  Chrammar  Outlines  (pereonal  pronouru).  Note  (1),  and  compare 
emph.  thee. 

KAY-BE,  adv.  perhaps. — Newport. 

<  Or  maybe  in  a  frolic  daft, 
To  Haffue  or  Oalais  taks  a  waft, 
To  make  a  tour,  an'  tak  a  whirl. 
To  learn  bon  ton,  an'  see  the  worl'.' 

BoBERT  Burns,  Poem$,  p.  4,  L  27. 

0£  ICay-liappen,  below.    See  Mebbe. 

HAY-TLOWEBS,  sb.  pi.  the  flowers  of  Caltha  Paliistris,  common 
Marsh  MarigoldL — Pulverbatch;  Newport.  See  Bk.  n.,  jPoflfe- 
hre,  &o.,  '  Oustoma  connected  with  Days  and  Seasons'  (May-Day). 

lEAY-GBASSy  sb.  Greater  Stitchwort. — Pulverbatch.  See  De\irs 
Com. 

HAY-HAPPElf,  adv.  perhaps. — ^Ellesmerb,  Welshatnpton. 

'  And  able  for  to  helpen  al  a  schire 
In  any  caas  that  mighte  falle  or  happe.^ 

Ohauoer,  The  Prologue,  t  585,  ed.  Morrisi 

Dr.  Morris  glosses  happe,  to  happen,  befall;  'whence,'  he  says, 
*  happy,  mis-Aop,  per-^ap»,  may-mzp.  O.E.  happen,  happy;  O.N. 
?ux^,  fortune ;  W.  hap,  luck.' 

Gf.  Happen,  also  Behappen.    See  Happen. 

KAYTHEBJT  [mai-dhur'n],  tb.  stinking  Chamomile. — Corve  Dam  ; 
Clbb  HiuiB. 


OLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  275 

'Ameroke,'  glossed  ^mathen  (maytJie),*  occurs  in  The  Treatise  of 
Walter  de  BiUeeworth,  xiii.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  yol.  i.  p.  162. 
See  below.    Cfl  Uoithem. 

HATTHIO  [mai'dhig],  same  as  above. — Coryb  Bale. 

*  Herha  putida,  maegiSa/  occurs  in  Archbp,  JElfric^s  Vocabulary,  x. 
cent,  and  *  Hec  embroca.  A*  ma^the,'  in  an  English  Vocabulary,  xy. 
cent.,  both  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  yol.  i.  pp.  31 — 190. 

Mr.  Wright  has  a  footnote  on  the  latter,  referring  to  *  maythe ; '  it  is 
as  follows : — '  Camomile  (the  anthemis  cotvla  of  botanists),  still  called 
in  some  districts  may-weed;  the  A.S.  magt^aJ 

'Mayde  wede,  herbe,  or  maythys.  Melissa^  amarusca,* — Prompt, 
Parv.     Ct  Maise. 

KEAKIirO  [mi'-u'kin],  adj,  sickly ;  ailing ;  lacking  energy.  — 
PuLVERBATGH ;  Weh.  *  Kitty  wuz  fid'ays  a  poor  meUkin^  thing,  nod 
likely  to  get  'er  liyin*  like  the  rest.' 

MEAL  [mee'l],  sb,  the  quantity  of  milk  given  by  a  cow,  or  by  cows, 
at  one  time.  Com.  *  The  cows  sinken  i'  thar  milk  £EU3t,  I  can  see  it 
less  every  meal — it  shewns  the  time  o'  'ear.' 

'  Each  shepherd's  daughter  with  her  cleanly  peale, 
Was  come  a  field  to  milk  the  morning's  mecUe,' 

Bbowi^s  PastoralSy  B.  L,  Song  iv.  p.  99,  in  Nares. 

A.S.  mdHf  that  which  is  marked  out;  a  portion, — ^time,  meaL 

HEAL -MOUTHED,  adj,  the  very  opposite  of  'plain-spoken' — 
reluctant  to  speak  the  honest  truth,  when  to  do  so  might  be  '  incon- 
venient.' — PuLVBEBATCH.  *  Yo'  bin  so  despert  meal'mouihed — afeurd 
o'  spakin'  Ven  yo'  should'n,  an'  Ven  yo'  binna  wanted  yo'  can 
rackle  too  fast,  a  power.' 

Mr.  Nares  says  that  'this  term,  which  survives'  in  the  form  of 
mealy-mouthed,  appears  to  have  been  the  original  word.'  He  explains 
it  as  meaning  '  Delicate-mouthed,  unable  to  bring  out  harsh  or  strong 
expressions,  and  quotes  the  following  as  an  illustrative  example  of 
this  usage: — 

*  Who  would  imagine  yonder  sober  man. 
That  same  devout  meale-moutJ^ed  predsian, 
That  cries  good  brother,  kind  sister,  &c. 
.    .    .     .    who  thinks  that  this  good  man, 
Is  a  vile,  sober,  damn'd  polititian  ? ' 

Mabston,  Sat,  ii  a.d.  1598. 
Minsheu—ed.  1617— gives,  '8523.  Meale  mouthed,  or  fisdre  spoken. 
Huiusmodi  efiam  apud  Lot :  sunt  loquendi  formuL»  qui  de  homine 
perblando  dicunt,  mel,  et  rosas  loqmtur,  ita  et  no$  meal-mouthed, 
^uasi  qui  farinam  loqueretur,  oujus  verba  blanda  sunt^  et  moUia 
instar  mrinse.' 

MEAL'8-MEAT,  sb,  food  enough  for  a  meaL — Shrewsbdrt  ;  Pulvsr- 
BATCH.  Qy.  com.    '  I  gid  the  mon  a  shillin'  an'  a  mears-mate  fni  'is  job.' 

'  You  ne'er  yet  had 
A  meaVs'meat  from  my  table,  as  I  remember, 
Nor  from  my  wardrolie  any  cast  suit' 

Beaumont  and  FLBTCHEBy  Eonesi  Man*$  Fortune, 
ii  403,  in  Wb. 

T  2 


276  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

Mr.  Wright  says  of  meaVi-meat  that  it  is  '  still  used  in  Norfolk.' 
<  Forby  has  MeaVs-victwaU.    See  ii.  212:—BjlL.    See  Xeat,  below. 

KEAB,  (1)  «&.,  ohs.  a  boundary. — Clun  ;  Clee  Hillb. 

'  The  forest,  as  weU  as  the  Honor  of  Clan,  adjoined  Kerry  upon  the 
boundary ;  and  in  a  suit,  in  the  time  of  Queen  £Ilizabeth,  between  the 
Crown  and  several  freeholders  and  copyholders  of  Clun,  the  boundary 
of  the  forest  was  minutely  set  out,  and  is  thus  deposed  to : — ^At  Beilth, 
in  the  County  of  Salop,  the  8th  day  of  May,  in  the  18th  year  of  tiie 
reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  (1576),  Moris  ap  Owen,  of  Beilth,  Yeoman, 
of  the  age  of  4  score  jrears  or  thereabouts,  being  sworn  to  the  meare^ 
of  the  forest,  and  haying  described  them  so  as  to  exclude  Kerry,  on 
being  examined  how  he  knoweth  the  mearea  to  be  as  aforesaid,  saith 
that  '*  about  sixty  years  last  past,  at  which  time  the  Lords  of  Clnn 
had  and  held  Jura  Begalia  within  the  Lordship  of  Clun.  And  the 
Lords  of  Kery  held  also  Jura  Begalia  within  the  Lordship  of  Kery ; 
he  saw  two  men  hanged,  whose  names  he  doth  not  now  remember, 
for  certain  offences  by  them  before  committed  and  done ;  the  one  of 
the  said  two  men  was  hanged  within  the  Lordship  of  Clun,  at  the  side 
of  the  Brook  called  the  Bithor,  by  the  Steward  and  Officers  of  the 
Lordship  of  Clun ;  and  the  other  man  was  haneed  within  the  Lord- 
ship of  Kery,  on  the  other  side  of  the  said  Brook,  within  less  than  a 
bow-diot  to  the  other,  by  the  Steward  and  Officers  of  the  Lordship  of 
Kery ;  and  saith  that  the  said  two  men  were  hanged  on  one  day.  — 
From  a  Paper  on  '  Ancient  Documents  relating  to  the  Honor,  'Forests,  A 
Borough  of  Clun,*  read  before  the  *  Archaeological  Listitute '  at  Shrews* 
buiy,  in  Aug^t,  1855,  by  Thos.  Salt,  Esq.,  and  *  priTately  printed.* 

*  The  minutes  of  the  proceedings  of  a  Court  Swainmote  of  Humphrey 
Briggs,  Esq.,  for  his  Forest  of  Clee, .  .  •  held  at  Emstrey,  in  the  15th 
year  of  James  1st,  ....  describe  the  boundary  line  of  the  *'  Cliyee,*'  or 
open  downs,  all  round  the  hill  [Brown  CleeJ,  the  seyeral  townships 
being  divided  from  each  other,  at  the  point  where  they  touch  the  Forest 
by  a  landmark,  most  frequently  by  an  oak  called  a  mear-oak,  the 
boundaries  being  called  mears.* — ^From  a  Paper  on  '  The  Clee  Forest 
and  the  Clee  HxtU,  by  William  Purton,  Esq.,  published  in  the  *  TranS" 
actions  of  the  Severn  Valley  Naturalist  Field  Club  *  for  1865^1870, 
pp.  7 — ^9. 

*  Mere  set  }k>u  whilk  ouerga  l^ai  ne  sal, 
Ne  tume  to  hile  ]>e  land  with-aL' 

Metrical  English  Psalter,  ciii.  (A.D.  1300,  ante). 
[Pa.  ciy.  9].     Specim.  Early  Eng.,  iL  L  19, 

*  The  Trojan  Brute  did  first  that  dtie  fownd. 
And  Kygate  made  the  meare  thereof  by  West^ 

And  Oy^  gate  by  North ' 

Spekseb,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  in.  c.  ix.  at  xlyi, 

'  The  furious  Team,  that  on  the  Cambrian  side. 
Doth  Shropshire  as  a  mere  frt>m  Hereford  divide.' 
Drayton,  Polyolbion  [a.d.  1613—1622],  i.  p.  807,inNarea. 

'  Meer,  marke  be-twene  ij.  londys.  Meta,  meris,  C.  F.  (diyia,  inter- 
finium,  K.).' — Prompt  Parv, 

Ash  has  'Meer,  a  boundary.'  A.S.  medre,  gemdre;  Du.  meere; 
O.N.  fium,  a  boundary. 

(2)  [mee*uV],  sh.  a  line  of  stones  down  a  field,  whioh  haye  beea 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC   377 

picked  out  of  the  plough's  course,  and  bo  left  b^  idle  farmers  long  ago. 
Such  is  the  explanation  current  at  Ditton  Pnors  (Clee  Hills)  of  me 
mears  existing  there  at  this  date  [1875]. 

Mr.  Purton,  in  his  Paper  on  *  The  Clee  Forest '  before  quoted,  says 
of  the  old  word  mear  that,  though  obsolete  as  meaning  a  boundary,  *  it 
is  a  singular  fact  that  it  was,  not  many  years  a^,  and  probably  is  now, 
in  famuiar  use  about  Ditton  Priors,  with  wmch  neighbourhood  tliis 
report  [minutes  of  the  Brigg*s  Court]  especially  identifies  itself.  It  is 
applied  to  heaps  of  stones  collected  off  the  fields  and  left  in  rows  down 
the  middle  of  them.  The  old  meara  between  the  parishes  were  pro^ 
bably  fixed  in  the  same  way,  the  oaks  being  the  more  enduring  land- 
marks. Sometimes  it  is  a  mear  oak,  sometimes  an  oak  in  a  mear,  in 
one  place  **  where  a  birtch  did  lately  stand." ' 

Ash  has  ^  Meer,  a  strip  of  green  l>etween  ploughed  lands.' 

Grose  gives  *  Meer,  a  ridge  of  land  between  different  properties  in  a 
common  field.    Glouc' 

'  In  Norfolk,  according  to  Forby,  a  Mara-balk,  or  mere,  is  a  narrow 
slip  of  unploughed  land,  which  separates  properties  in  a  common 
field.     ''  Limes  est  callis  et  finis  dividens  agros,  a  meere.*' — Med.  M.S. 

Cant. Elyotgives  **  Cardo,  mere^  or  boundes  which  passeth 

through  the  field.''  The  following  occurs  in  Gk)uldman :  **  To  cast  a 
meer  with  a  plough,  urbo,  A  meer,  or  mark,  terminus,  meta^  limes,"  * 
—Way. 

See  Meaf-oak,  below. 

ME  ABED,  part,  adj.,  ohs.  marked  out ;  bounded. — Oswbstrt. 

In  a  copy,  dated  1714,  of  the  Terrier  of  the  Oswestry  Schools*  lands, 
taken  in  1635,  is  the  following : — '  Item,  One  parcel  of  meadowing  in 
a  meadow  there  called  GhreirgLodd  Jenn  Oouth,  lyine  betwixt  ye  lands 
of  Edward  Evans  gent  on  ye  one  side,  and  mearea  hy  two  oakes  one 
att  each  end  thereof,  and  ye  lands  of  Robert  Powell^  Esq.  meared  on 
that  side  by  three  mear  stones* — See Byegones,  Sept.  8th,  1875,  p.  299* 

Ash  gives  '  Meered,  having  a  boundary,  bounded  by  a  meer.' 

The  verb  to  mere,  to  have  a  common  boundary,  occurs  in  a  docu- 
ment temp.  Henry  VIII.,  1543,  in  State  Papers,  v.  809.    See  Way. 

See  Mear-Btone,  below. 

XEA&-OAK,  sb.,  ohs.  a  landmark, — '  by  a  landmark,  most  frequently 
by  an  oak  called  a  mear-oak,* — Clee  Hills. 

<  Mos  antiquorum  in  divisione  a^orum,  ramum  ex  arbore  palma 
decerptum  cum  fructihus  pro  termino  figere  solebunt.'  —  Minshext, 
— ed.  1617— p.  299. 

See  below,  also  Mear,  above. 

MEAK-STOITE,  sh,,  ohe,  a  boundary-stone, — '  ye  lands  ....  meared 
on  that  side  by  three  mear  «<07i««.'~-0sw£STRY. 

*  "  A  meyre  stane,  hifinium,  limes  J* — Cath.  Akg.  "  Terminalia 
lapis,  a  mere  stone,  laide  or  pyghte  at  the  ende  of  sundry  mens 
landes." — Elyot.'    See  Way's  Note  in  Prompt  Parv.,  p.  333. 

Minsheu  has  *  Mearstones,  rectius  mearck-stones,  sunt  lajpides  termi- 
nales,  qui  unius  cujusque  terras  limitant,  et  discurrunt.  Marck  enim 
est  limes  ut  proliace  disputat,* 

Ash  gives  '  Meerstone,  a  merestone,  a  stone  set  up  as  a  boundary 
between  lands.' 

A.S.  gemitre,  a  teimination ;  limit    See  Keared,  above.. 


278  8HR0PSHIR1  WORD-BOOK. 

MEAT,  8b,  food;  the  generic  tenn — so  much  a  day  and  his  meai. 
Com. 

*  This  knyght  is  to  his  chambre  lad  anon, 
And  is  ynanned  and  to  mete  yeet/ 

CHA0CEB,  F.  173  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 

'A.S.  mete;    O.IceL  mair;    Gk>th.  maU;    O.H.QernL  max,  meat 
(cibus;  esca)' — Stbat. 
Cf.  Fleah-meat.    See  Kate. 

MEATT  rmaiti],  adj.  fleshy:  said  of  cattle. — Pulvkrbatch.  Qy. 
com.  *  Them  bullocks  binna  to  say  fieit,  but  they  bin  mitey — ^chick  o' 
the  rib.'    See  Fleah-meat. 

MEBBE  jjneb'i'],  contraction  of  Haybe,  q.  ▼.,  and  the  more  usual 
form. — Newpo&t.    Cf.  Vappen. 

HEOBIKS  [mai'gr'imz],8&./7Z.,/>g(;. antics;  gesticulationa — ^Pulter- 
batch;  Eixesmbbe.  Qy.  com.  'Them  childem  wun  naughty  i' 
church,  they  wun  m&kin  maigrims  an'  witherin'  one  to  another  all 
the  wilde.'    See  Megrims  in  Wedo. 

XEK,  V,  a.,  var.  pr.  make — '  niek  *er  a  coop  o'  tay.' — Colliery  ; 
Newport.  See  A  (6)  in  Orammar  Outlinea  (vowels,  &c.),  also 
May  (1). 

MELCH  [mel'sh],  (1)  €ujlj.  soft;  mild,  as  of  wind  or  weather. — 
FxTLVERBATOH.  '  Theer's  a  nice  melch  winde  this  momin' — mild 
as  May.' 

(2)  adj,  milk-giTinff. — Shrewsbttry;  Pulverbatch  ;  Worthen. 
Qy.  com.  '  Bin  uiem  barren  or  m^h,  Maister  ? '  '  They  bin  dried  fiir 
feedin'.' 

'  Sche  was  melehe.     Lai  le/reine,*  in  Strat. 

XELCH-COW,  $b.  a  cow  giving  milk ;  a  dairy-cow — '  a  new  melch' 
cow,* — Ibid, 

' then  at  the  farm 

I  have  a  hundred  mUch-kine  to  the  pail.' 

Taming  of  the  Shrew,  U.  i.  359. 

'  Smolgiuto,  sucked  or  milched  dry.' — ^Florio,  a.d.  1680. 

'  O.H.Germ.  melcher,  milch  (melch).' — Strat.    See  Baay  Helched. 

XEBfAOEBIE  [mu'najur*i'],  sb.,  pec,  a  confused  state  of  things ;  a 
litter ;  a  collection  of  odds  and  ends.  Com.  '  'Eart  aliye,  childem, 
whud  a  menagerie  yo'n  got  'ere ! ' 

M£]ErOR     See  Minge. 

KENT,  pret  mended. — Corvb  Dale. 

KEOW  [mi'ou*  or  myou'],  v,  a,  and  v.  n.  to  make  a  wry  mouth ;  to 
make  distorting  grimaces. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch.  *  'E  bats 
'is  eyes  an*  myowa  'is  mouth  like  summat  kyimet.' 

'  Sometime  like  apes  that  mow  and  chatter  at  me.' 

Tempest,  II.  iL  9. 

*Ji£owffn,  or  make  a  mow,  Valgio,  cachinncJ'^  Prompt.  Parv. 
'  Fairs  la  mtme  a  guelqu^un ;  to  make  mouths  at  one.' — Chajcb. 
*O.Fr.  mM;  Du.  mouwe;  mouth  (mow).' — Pick.    Of.  Koruma. 


OLOSSAAT  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  279 


[mee'hV],  (1)  sb.  a  mare. — Newport. 

'  Forthledand  hai  to  meres  ma, 
And  grease  to  hinehede  of  men  Bwa, 
pat  j^ou  outelede  fra  erthe  brede.' 

Metrical,  English  Psalter,  ciii.  (a.D.  1300,  ante), 
IPs.  civ.  14],     Specim,  Early  Eng.,  ii.  1.  29. 

'  In  a  tabard  he  rood  upon  a  mere,' 

Chaugek,  The  Prologue,  1.  541,  ed.  Morris. 

*Meere,  horse.    Egua,^ — Prompt,  Parv, 

A.S.  mcere;  O..H.Genn.  merhe,  a  mare.    0£  Mar  (1). 

(2)  sh,  a  large  natural  sheet  of  water — a  lake.  The  meres,  as  a 
lake  system,  obtain  in  N.  Shr. 

* Our  weaver  here  doth  will 

The  muse  his  source  to  sing,  as  how  his  course  he  steers ; 
Who  from  his  natural  spring,  as  from  hie  neighboring  meres 
Sufficiently  supply*d,  shoots  forth  his  silver  breast.' 

Drayton's  Polyolbion  [a.d.  1613 — 1622],  xi.  p.  861,  in  Nares. 

Mr.  Nares  remarks  that  mere  is  *  still  used  in  Cheshire  and  else- 
where for  the  lakes  of  the  country.' 

Mr.  Halliwell  also  notes  the  term  as  '  still  in  use.'  He  quotes  the 
following : — *  A  mere,  or  water  whereunto  an  arme  of  the  sea  floweth.' 
— Baret,  1580. 

*  Mere,  watur  (mer,  or  see,  water,  W.).    Mare,* — Prompt,  Parv, 
A.8.  mere,  a  lake ;  pool.    See  l£ar  (2).    C£  Pool    See  Bk.  II., 

Folklore,  &c.,  'Legends.' 

KEBB-BALLS.    See  Hoss-balls. 

MEBB4SIDE,  sb,  the  margin  of  the  mere. — Ibid,  The  mere-side  at 
Ellesmere  affords  a  most  charming  walk,  the  Mere^ardens  adding  to 
its  natural  attractions. 

MEBBY-TBEE,  sb,,  obsols,  a  tree  bearing  a  small,  wild  cherry. — 
Wem;  Elleshebe. 

*  Merise  tree*  occurs  in  Phillips'  New  World  of  Words,  7th  ed.  1720. 

<  Merise,  espeoe  de  fruit  rouge  &  noyau  plus  petit  que  la  cerise.  A 
kind  of  small,  bitter  cherry.' — Chahb. 

MESinr-KETTLE,  same  as  Maslin-kettle,  q.  v.— Newport. 

'  Brass  meslin  kettle,' — Auctioneer's  Catalogue  (Forton  Hall),  1875. 

HBSS,  (1 )  V,  n,  to  trifle ;  to  expend  time  upon  frivolous  employ- 
ment. Com.  *  'Ow  lung  bin  'ee  gwem  to  mess  o'er  that  crochet  ? — 
yo'd'n  better  by  'afe  be  knittin'  a  stockin'.' 

(2)  V,  a.  to  squander ;  to  waste.  Com.  *  'Er's  messed  all  'er  wages 
away,  an*  got  nuthin',  as  yo*  met  say,  to  shewn  fur  *em.' 

XBTHEOLIH  [mi'theg'lin],  sb.  a  fermented  liquor  made  of  honeyed 
water,  obtained  bv  thoroughly  washing  the  *  comb,'  when  drained  of 
th^  honey :  in  a  nigh  class  brew  the  *  comb '  is  sometimes  washed  in 
a  little  '  n'esh  beer '  to  hasten  the  fermentation ;  but  the  strength  of 
the  liquor  is  dependent  upon  the  quantity  of  honey  it  contains. 
Methe^lin,  when  well  made,  and  refined  and  matiured  by  age,  is  a 
'  cordial'  of  no  mean  order — a  homely  '  liqueur '  of  potent  quality. — 


280  8HROF8HIBK  WORD-BOOK. 

PuLTEBiUTOH ;  Newpobt.  Qj.  com.  '  'OVn  yore  bees  tumed  out 
this  time,  Molly P'  'Mighty  middHn' — ^plenty  o'  dry  o5om,  but 
despert  lickle  'oney;  I  dunna  think  I  shall  '&ye  a  spiggit-staue  o' 
metfieglinJ 

*  Evans,  And  given  to  .  «  •  tayems  and  sack  and  wine  and 
metheglins:— Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  V.  ▼.  166. 

<  MHheglin  (Br.  MeddiglinY  a  kind  of  drink  in  Wales  made  of  Wort, 
Herbs,  Spice,  and  Honey  soaden  together.' — ^Bix>uirT*s  QlossographMk^ 
p.  408. 

Mr.  Halliwell  Ba3rs,  *Mdheglin  was  anciently  made  of  a  great 
Tariety  of  materials.    See  a  receipt  for  it  in  MS.  Sloans,  1672,  £  127.' 

See  Mr.  Way's  Note  on  *  must^  in  jPrompt  Porr.,  p.  349. 

W.  meddyglyn^  hydromel,  mead. 

See 


HEZZLSD  rmez-ld],  adj.  affected  with  a  disease  to  which  swine  are 
subject — a  idnd  ox  meaisles  which  appear  in  the  tissues  of  the  flesh,  in 
the  form  of  white,  semi-opaque  spots,  and  render  it  quite  unfit  for  usa 
It  is  popularly  supposed  that  food  given  to  pigs  when  it  is  too  warm, 
will  mduoe  a  mezxled  condition  of  flesh.  Uom.  <  Tak'  car"  as  yo' 
dunna  gie  them  lickle  pigs  thar  mate  too  warm,  or  we  sha'n  'iye  'em 
allfn«BMec{«' 

*  Hog  measeUd  kill, 
for  flemming  that  wilL' 

TusBEB,  Fitte  Hundred  Poinies  ofChod 
Husbandris  [Octobers  abstract]. 

'The  Measih  or  Mtade,  they  are  like  Hail-stones  spread  in  the 
Flesh,  and  especially  in  the  leaner  part  of  the  Hog ;  this  is  a  Disease 
proper  to  this  Beast,  for  no  other  in  the  World  (as  AHstoUe  saith)  is 
voubled  therewith.  •  .  •  .  •  •' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  II.  ch.  ix. 
p.  181. 

*  Mas^l,  or  mazil,  sekenesse,  Serpedo,  variola,  MaBel3rd.  Serpiginosus^ 
vel  serptgumatus,* — Prompt,  Parv. 

'  VarioUs :  postulsB  qmbus  cutis  sit  yaria :  MeasiUsJ — Did,  Eiym. 
Lot, 

<Du.  maese,  spot, 'stain,  mark;  maeselen,  measles.' — ^Wedo. 

UTAlTAfl  [mei'h'mus],  sb,  Michaelmas ;  the*'  Festival  of  St.  Michael 
and  all  Angels.' — Pttlvebbatoh ;  Wem;  Ellesmeke.  'We  mun  be 
thinkin'  about  the  rent,  Midmas  is  drawin*  nigh.'  Miamas  is  a  variation 
of  Mihebnas,  a  form  that  sprang,  according  to  Mr.  Nares,  from  a 
current  and  familiar  usage,  which  for  a  lone  time  obtained,  of  pro- 
noimcing  tiie  proper  name  Michad  as  Mihd,  Both  words  occur  in 
Tusser: — 

*  Then  spare  it  for  rowen,  tilt  Mihd  be  past.^ — — 

*  Be  mindful!  abrode  of  Mihdmas  spring.' 

Fiue  Hundred  Pointes  of  Good  Hushandrie  [August]. 

An  earlier  instance  of  the  form,  '  Myhdmas  Day,'  is  found  in  the 
Paston  Letters,  A.l>.  1465,  yoL  ii.  p.  244. 

XICH  [mich*],  v,  n.,  obsA  to  crouch;  to  huddle,  as  in  a  comer. — 
Pttlvebbatoh  ;  Wobthek.  <  The  ]>oor  owd  {Oman's  gettin'  mighty 
simple,  'er  oanna  do  much  but  mich  i'  the  cornel.' 


GLOSSABT  OF  ARCHAIO  AKD  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  281 

•  **  To  mich  in  a  corner,  deliieo," — ^Ghouldman,'  in  Way. 
Of.  Hootchinff. 

XIDDLEy  sb,  the  waist.  Qy.  com.  '  I  dunna  like  ptittin'  a  strap 
round  a  child's  middle  to  dade  doth — ^it  mak's  'em  inclined  to  peck 
fi>rrat.' 

I  On  hen  hire  her  is  fayr  ynoh, 
Hire  browe  broune,  hire  e^  blake, 
Wil^  lossum  chere  he  on  me  loh ; 
Wi)'  middd  smal  &  wel  ymake.' 

Specim.  of  Lyric  Poetry  (A.D.  1300,  circa),  *  Alysonn.' 
Specim,  Early  Eng,,  iy.  a,  L  16. 

'  Fnll  many  Ladies  often  had  assayd 
About  their  middles  that  faire  belt  to  knit.' 

Spenser,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  V.  a  iii.  si  xxviiL 

'  Myddyl,  of  f^e  waste  of  mannys  body.     VaatiUu.* — Prompt,  Parv, 

MIDDLIHO,  adj.  indifferent ;  not  well,  nor  yet  ill — a  poor  kind  of 
state :  said  of  tiie  health.    Com. 

XIDDIIHO-SHABP,  ndj,  tolerably  well     Com. 

MIDOEH  [mij'in],  sb.  the  omentum  of  a  slaughtered  pig. — Elles- 


*Midgin,  the  mesentery  of  a  hog,  commonly  called  the  Crow. 
North.'— Pbooe. 
See  Kell  (1). 

UDOEH'-LAAD,  sb.  an  inferior  kind  of  lard  made  from  the  fat  of 
^e  intestines.— Pulyebbatoh;  Newfobt;  Ellesmee]^ 

UPF,  (1)  sb.  a  pet ;  a  slight  ill-humour. — Whitchurch. 

'  She  is  in  a  little  sort  of  miff  about  a  ballad.' — Arbttthnot. 
Pegge  has  'Miff^  displeasure,  ill-humour:  He  left  me  in  a  miff. 
North? 
Seeift/inWEDO.    Cf .  HuiH 

(2)  V.  n»  to  take  offence  hastily. — ^WHircHURGH.  '  'E  miffed  at  it 
direc'ly.' 

HIFFY,  adj.  apt  to  take  offence ;  touchy. — Ibid. 

XIOHTT,  adj.^  pec.  very.  Com.  *  Rogers  the  tailor  bought  a  pig 
at  the  far,  but  'e's  a  mighty  poor  ayen.'  "E'U  feed  well  on  cabbitch, 
yo'n  see ! — 'ell  mak'  a  tidy  lump  by  Chris'mas.' 

'  Ite  y*  19  of  Marche,  1614,  for  stoppage  of  the  water  of  Seaveme 
out  of  the  Churche  beinge  then  a  mighty  great  flood,  xyiijd.' — 
Churehufarden^  Accounts  of  the  Abbey,  Shrewsbury. 

XIOHTT-BAD,  adj.  very  ill,— in  regard  of  health.     Com. 

HILDT  [mil'di'l,  adj.  loose ;  fine ;  crumbling,  as  of  soil. — Pulver- 
BATCH.  '  The  fros'  'as  done  a  power  o'  good,  the  ground  breaks  up 
as  mildy  an'  as  fine  as  a  !nion-bed.' 

JULRf  (1)  sb.,  sing,  for  pi,  miles — 'about  two  mile  across  the  filds.' 
Com. 


282  .      8HBOF8HIRX  WORD-BOOK. 

'  At  ^  Castel  of  Carboye  *  ^  he  beden  hade, 

was  fiftene  myle  *  fro  sarraa  I-holden, 

And  o^r-fiftene  myle  *  fro  l^eniie  as  j^ei  leuen.' 

JoBeph  o/Arimathu,  IL  417,  418. 

A.S.  mil,  a  mile.    Cf.  Foot  (1). 

(2)  V.  fi.,  var,  pr,  to  work  and  labour  hard;  same  as  Koil,  q.  y. 
*  'E's  nuHn'  at  it. —CoLLiEBT. 

(3)  r.  fk,  var.  pr,  to  drudge;  to  'moil,'  in  the  restricted  sense  of 
working  in  filth  and  mire,  of  such  kind  as  would  cleave  to  the 
labourer. — ^Worthsn.  '  *0w  them  chaps  bin  vnl/tV  i'  the  mixen,  they 
bin  all  o'er  muck.'    Cf.  Moil. 

inT.TCfl  EVD-WATS,  adv.  an  undetermined  distance ;  a  long  way — 
miles  vaguely  computed  without  reference  to  point  or  direction, 
whence  or  whither.  Com.  'Everybody  wants  the  thetcher  at  the 
same  time— the  Maister  rid  miUa  end-ioays  the  tother  day  after  a 
mon.'  *  'E'd  better  a  mounted  the  lather  instid  o'  the  'orse ;  the  owd 
Maister  use't  to  thetch  w'en  'e  wuz  above  seventy.'  Compare  '  mile 
wei '  used  in  an  analogous  manner,  though  with  a  diverse  meaning, 
in  the  following : — 

'  alle  )>e  surgens  of  saleme  *  so  sone  ne  oo^en, 
haue  leeed  his  langour  *  and  his  liif  saued, 
as  ))e  maide  meliors  *  in  a  mile  wei  dede.' 

William  of  Paieme,  1.  1578. 

HILDTO  [mei'lin],  part.  adj.  dirty  and  laborioua — *  a  witZiV  job.' — 
CoLLiEBT.    See  Mile  (2),  above. 

MILK-FORK,  same  as  Dairy-maid,  q.  v. — ^Ellbsmsrid. 

MILK-LEAD,  sb.  a  shallow,  leaden  cistern  for  laying  milk  in ;  it  is 
furnished  with  a  plug  beneath,  upon  the  withdrawal  of  which  the 
milk  flows  through,  leaving  the  cream  resting  on  the  Weoct,'  firom 
whence  it  is  afterwards  removed  in  a  quite  pure  state.  Qy.  com. 
'  Now,  dunna  star'  about  yo'  an'  let  the  crame  run  through,  as  well 
as  the  milk.' 

'  Two  milk  leada  and  frame.' — AtLdioTieer^B  Catalogue  (LongvOle),  1877. 

MILLEB,  sb.  Muadcapa  griaola,  Spotted  Fly-catcher — ^the  young 
bird. — BRioaNORTH. 

MILNEK,  ab.  a  miller.  Com.  '  If  yo'  sin  the  milner,  tell  'im  we 
sha'n  want  a  batch  grond  nex'  wik.' 

'  Hie  molejidinariuB,  a  milner/  occurs  in  a  Ncmifude,  xv.  cent.,  in 
Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  212. 

*  O.Icel.  mylnari;  O.H.Q^rm.  mulnari,  milner,'  in  Strat. 

MINCIHO,  part.  adj.  tripping;  walking  with  short  steps,  in  an 
affected  manner.  '  Jest  see  our  Marv  I  er  gwuz  mincin*  alung  as  if 
'er  wuz  daincin*  on  eggs  an'  afraid  o'  breakin'  'em — ^'w's  gotten 
despert  big-sorted  sence  'er  went  to  live  at  the  'All.' 

•  Portia.  m  hold  thee  any  wager, 

When  we  are  both  accoutred  like  young  men, 
I'll  prove  the  prettier  fellow  of  the  two, 


OLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   283 


and  turn  two  mincing  steps 

Into  a  manly  stride ' 

MercJiant  of  Venice^  TIL  iv.  67. 

■IHOE,  MEHOE  [min-zh],  Pulyerbatgh  ;  Clbb  Hills.  [men*zh], 
Ellesmere,  v.  a.  to  mix ;  to  mingle.  '  Tell  the  cowman  to  gie  the 
'eifer  a  good  bran  mash,  an*  to  minge  it  up  well — nod  lave  any  dry 
lumps  in.' 

*  Mynge*  occurs  in  the  Wicliffite  version— ed.  A.D.  1388 — * .  .  in  the 
drynke  that  she  meddlid  to  ^ou,  mynge  ^  double  to  hir.' — Bev.  zyiii.  6. 
' .  .  .  whos  blood  FUat  myngide  with  the  sacrifices  of  hem.' — Luke 
ziii.  1. 

*Medle,  or  mengynge  to-gedur  of  dyuerse  thynges.  Mixtura»^ — 
Prompt,  Parv. 

A.S.  mengan  ;  O.Fria  menga^  to  mix,  mingle.    C£  Munge  (2). 

HDTOICXJMMIJHBTJS  [minj*i'ku'mum*'bus],  sh.  an  agglomeration  ; 
an  inseparable  mass,  as  of  pounds  of  butter  stuck  together,  or  of 
things  of  diverse  kinds  shaken  together  into  a  state  of  hopeless  con- 
fusion.— PuLVERBATCH.  *  061  the  owd  mai'  be  fit  fur  markit  o* 
Saturday,  Maistor  ? — the  young  un  jogs  so,  we  sha'n  a  the  buttor  all 
in  a  mingicummumbui,'  The  term  is  clearly  a  'coined'  one.  Cf. 
Minge,  above. 

MXJNiJULff   fmin'i'kin],  ^1)   adj\    small;   delicate. — Pulvebbatch; 
Wem.    '  It  s  a  minikin  licxle  thing  fur  six  months  owd,  but  a  pretty 
child.' 
Tusser  has  '  minneJdn  Nan,'  p.  20,  ed.  E.  D.  S. 
'  A  minikin  wench,  a  smirking  lasse.' — Florio,  p.  315,  in  Hal. 

(2)  ah.  a  slight,  delicate,  affected  girl — '  sich  a  minikin  as  'er  is.'^ 
Tbid,  '  A  minikin^  a  fine  mincing  lass,'  Kennett  MS.,  is  quoted  bv 
Mr.  Halliwell,  who  remarks  that  the  word  is  '  still  in  use  in  Devon. 


fTY  ^in'ti'],  arf/.,  obsoU.  mitey,  as  of  cheese,  &c. — Shrewb- 
BURT ;  Craven  Arms. 

*  VermeSf  Anglioe  myntys,'  occurs  in  a  Metrical  Vocdbtdarv^  perhaps 
xiv.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  176.  Mr.  Wright  has  the  follow- 
ing note  upon  it : — '  The  word  mint,  in  the  signification  of  a  mite,  is 
stm  preserved  in  the  dialecte  of  the  west  of  England.' 

MI8DEEDED,  tidj.  miserly ;  covetous — '  a  misdeeded  owd  mon.' — 
Cluk,  Clungun/ord, 

MISDEEMFTTL,  adj\  suspicious. — Pulverbatch;  Church  Strbtton  ; 
Clee  Hills.  '  Mrs.  Morris  is  so  misdeem/ul,  'er  thinks  every  bod  v's 
chaitin'  'er — be'app'n  'er  mizzers  other  folk's  cloth  by  'er  own  yard. 

'  C,  Cwtance,  Surelj  tiiis  fellowe  misdeemeth  some  yll  in  me.' — 
Boister  DiMter^  Act  irg.  Sc.  iij.  p.  62. 

A.S.  d&man,  to  judge,  and  Lat.  prefix,  mis  =  less. 

nSDEEmn,  XISBAnmrL,  same  as  above->corrapted  forms. 
—Wem. 

laSELTOE-THBTJSE,  $b.  Turdua  viscivarus,  Missel -thrush.  — 
Wobthen;  Clxjn. 


284  flHBOPSHIRI  WORD-BOOK. 

*  This  liird  .  •  .  is  not  migratory,  excepting  in  bo  fiir  aa  it  moyes 
off  in  considerable  flocks  into  Herefordsliire  and  Monmouthshire  for 
the  sake  of  the  mistletoe,  which  abounds  in  the  orchards  there,  on  the 
viscous  berries  of  which  it  delights  to  feed ;  whence  it  has  obtained 
its  familiar  name  of  missel,  or  mistUtoe-ihrusK* — Science  Goeeip^ 
p.  166,  ▲.  D.  1873. 

Ct  MiMel-bird,  below.    See  Thrice-oock. 

■IBEBD  [mei'zar'd],  #6.,  var,  pr.  a  miser ;  an  ayaricioas  man.  Qy. 
com.  *  Aye,  Vs  jest  like  all  the  lot  on  'em — 'is  Faither  wuz  as  great 
a  miterd  as  eyer  liyed,  an'  'is  owd  Nunde  too.' 

XISFOBTVHX,  ah.^  pec,  an  illegitimate  child-birtlL  Com.  See 
lioye-child. 

XISSEL-BIBD,  same  as  IGseltoe-thmsli,  aboye,  q.  y. — ^Bridgnorth. 
Called  '  MieeeU  Bird,  or  Shiit,'  in  the  Academy  of  Armory^  Bk.  IL 
eh.  xii.  p.  279. 

^'^'^nSBL    See  Moither. 


MXTTEVS  [mit'inz],  ah,  pi.  gloyes  worn  by  hedgers  and  woodmen, 
to  protect  their  hands  and  arms  from  injury  whilst  about  their  work ; 
they  are  made  of  stout  hide,  and  reach  halfway  to  the  elbow ;  they 
have  no  fingers  like  an  ordinary  gloye^-the  hand-part  is  undivided — 
but  there  is  a  pouch  for  the  thumb.  Com.  '  I  lost  a  capital  par  o' 
mittine  the  tother  day;  I  'anged  'em  o'  the  'edge  Sdth  my  oajte-bag, 
aw'ile  I  wuz  clanin'  the  diche,  an'  somebody  stole  'em.' 

'  Brushing-hooks,  axes,    broomhooks  and  mittens.'  —  Audioneer'a 
Catalogue  (I^ngyille),  1877. 

'  Twey  myteynee,  .  .  maad  all  of  doutes,'  are  named,  as  forming 
part  of  the  apparel  of  '  The  poor  Ploughman,'  in  P.  Fi  Or,,  L  428. 

'  To  handle  without  mittine' — CRAY'S  Proverhe,  p.  60. 

'O.Fr.  Mitan,  moiti^,  milieu  .   •  .  .  .  M.  Grandgagnage,  derive 

mitan  de  I'ahal.  mittamo  (medius) Notre  mitaine  appartien* 

drait-il  i  cette  famille  ?    Mitaine  est  un  gant  ou  il  n'y  a  qu'une  separ- 
ation, pour  ainsi  dire  gant  s6par6  en  deux  moiti^s.' — ^Bitb. 


EX  [mik's],  Qy.  com.  J^mek's],  Pulvbrbatch,  v,  a,  to  dean 
out,  as  of  stable  or  cow-house  litter.  '  Theer  use't  to  be  a  lad  kep'  to 
mex  the  cows,  sarve  the  pigs,  an'  do  all  the  rough  work.' 

Bandle  Holme  has,  under  *  Terms  used  by  Cow-herds :  '-^'  To  Mexon, 
is  to  make  clean  their  Houses  from  Dung.' — Academy  of  Armcry, 
Bk.  n.  ch.  ix.  p.  173. 

'  A.S.  mix,  meox;  Fris.  miox,  miux;  mix  (mux),  stercus/ — Strat. 


ir^oi, 


\,  ah,  a  dunghill.  Com. 
<  Better  wed  over  the  Mixon  than  over  the  Moor,'  is  given  by  Bay 
as  a  *  Cheshire  Proverb'  and  he  adds  a  note : — *  That  is,  nard  by  or  at 
home,  the  Mixon  being  that  heap  of  compost  which  lies  in  the  yards 
of  good  husbands,  than  &r  on,  or  from  London,  The  road  from 
Chester  leadine  to  London  over  some  part  of  the  Moor-lands  in 
Staffordshire,  the  meaning  is,'  &c    See  Proverbs,  pp.  23d,  236. 


Pegge  has  *  Mixon,  a  dunghill.    Kent' 
A.S.  mixen,  a  dunghilL 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  285 

MIZZLE  [mizi],  v,  n.  to  rain  softly,  in  small,  fine,  imperceptible 
drops.  —  Shbewsbtjby;  Ptjlverbatch  ;  Wellington;  Nkwpobt; 
Wem. 

'  Up,  Colin  up !  ynough  tlion  momed  bast ; 
Now  g3nines  to  mizzk,  bye  we  homeward  fast.' 

Spenser,  The  Shephearda  Calender^  NoTomber,  I.  208. 

HIZZLDFO,  part,  adj.  descending  tbicklj,  in  soft,  fine  drops,  like 
mist, — •  a  mizzling  rain.' — Ibid, 

'  O.N.  miatr,  Q-.  mieiy  Da.  miest,  tbickness  of  tbe  air,  mist ;  misaen^ 
mieateUf  mieaelen^  nebulam  exbalare,  rorare  tenuem  pluTiam ;  miese" 
linge,  nebula. — "Kill an,'  in  Wedo. 

MOACH  [moa-cb],  v.  n,  to  lounge,  or  'bang  about,'  idly. — Wbm. 
<  'E's  no  good,  'e  does  nutbin'  but  mooch  about  &om  momin*  teU  neet.' 
Of.  *  Michy  to  skulk,'  in  Hal. 

KOBLE  [mob'l],  (1)  v,  a.  to  muffle  tbe  bead  and  shoulders  in  warm 
wraps.— Shrewsbury.  *  I  neyer  sid  sich  a  SSman,  'er  mohlts  'erself 
up  in  that  owd  'odd  an'  shawl,  an'  sits  by  tbe  fire,  tell  'er*s  as  nesb  as 
nesh — 'er*d  be  a  power  better  if 'er  'ad  to  knock  about  like  me.' 

**  First  Player.  *  But  who,  O  who,  had  seen  the  moUed  queen ' 

Ham.  *  The  mohled  queen  ? ' 

Pol.  Tbaf  s  good :  *  mohUd  queen '  is  good. 

First  Player.  *  Bun  barefoot  up  aild  down,  threatening  the  flame 
With  bisson  rheum ;  a  clout  upon  that  head. 
Where  late  the  diadem  stood ;  and  for  a  robe 
About  her a  blanket.'"— -J7amW,  II.  ii.  624— 526. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  put  on  an  abundance  of  warm  wraps  for  general  comfort, 
as  when  setting  out  for  a  cold  journey,  or  such  like. — Pulyerbatch  ; 
Newport  ;  Wem.  *  Yo'  mun  moUe  yourself  well  up,  it's  a  despert, 
raw,  cowd  night.'  The  past  participle,  followed  by  the  adverb  up,  la 
perhaps  more  frequently  used  — '  moiled  up.*  ^Mind  as  yo'  bin 
mohUd  up  right  well  afore  yo'  start' 

XOO  Fii^og'],  (1)  V.  a.  and  v.  n.,  obaoh.  to  move  from  one  place  to 
another,  as  of  cows  changing  pasture ;  to  move  off  or  away. — Pttlyer- 
BATOH.  ri)  '  TeU  John  to  mog  the  cows  i'  tbe  momin* — ^it's  time  as 
they  wenten  i'  the  Cote  Leasow.'  *  (2)  '  Now  then,  mog  off  fur  the 
oows,  or  they  66nna  be  out  o'  the  foud  by  six '  (A.1C.).    Of.  Shift  (3)  (4). 

(2)  V.  n.,  ohsoU.  to  exchange ;  a  term  of  cards  employed  in  the  game 
of  *  Costly.' — Shrewsbury  ;  Elleshbrb.    Qy.  com.    See  Costly. 

KOOOY,  eh,  a  young  calf.     Com. 

XOIL  [mwoi'l  and  moi'11,  v.  n.  to  labour ;  to  slave ;  to  drudge  in 
dirty  work :  generally,  out  not  necessarily,  used  in  combination  with 
'toil* — *moil  and  toil.' — ^PuLVERBATCH ;  Wem.  Qy.  com.  *Yo' 
met'n  munnl  an'  toil  a  couple  o'  'ours,  an'  'ardly  set  a  wisket  full— it's 
a  despert  bad  crop,  but  yo'  canna  look  fur  anytnin'  else  off  that  wet 
groun ,  the  'tatoes  rot  afore  they  oomen  to  anythin'.' 

'.  .  mounchynge  in  tiieir  maungers,  and  m/oylyngt  in  their  ftaya 
'Sianoures  and  mansions,  and  so  troubeled  wyth  loyter3mge  in  tbeyr 
Lordeehyppes.'— Latxhxb,  Sermon  on  th9  Plough€r$f  p.  26. 


286  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 


VJto 


Ood  husbandmen  mnst  maile  A  toiler 
laie  to  line  by  laboured  feeld.' 
TXTSSER,  Introduction  to  the  Booke  of  Husbandrie, 
p.  13,  ed.  E.  D.  8. 

Bailey — ed.  1782 — giyes  •  To  Moil  [mm7,  old  Word  for  mule^  q.  d.  to 
labour  like  a  Mule],  to  work  with  might  and  main,  to  drudge.' 
Of.  MUe  (2)  (3). 

HOULED,  MOILLET  [mwolld],  PuLVERBATCH.  [moi'lh't  and 
mwoi'lh't],  Chukch  Stretton,  Leehottoood,  (1)  adj.  hornless.  *I 
d5dna-d-a  car*d  if  the  Maister  'ad  soud  that  Bishop* s  Castle  cow  65th 
'er  wide  'oms,  but  to  sell  my  pretty  little  mwoiUed  'eifer — ^it  did 
Tex  me.* 
W.  moel,  bare,  bald.    Of  Ciuli-oow. 

(2)  [mwoi'ld],  adj.  borderless,  as  of  a  cap. — PuLVEKBATCH.  *  I  like 
the  childem  to  war  nightcaps,  it  keeps  the  bousters  clane,  an'  they 
done  as  well  mtooiUed  as  bordered.* 

MOITHES,  MITHEE  [moi'dhur^  and  meidhnr'],  both  pronunciations 
obtain,  and  appear  to  oe  used  indifferently,  (1)  v.  a,  and  v.  n.  to  dis- 
tract; to  perplex;  to  'bother.*  Com.  (1)  'Them  women's  clack 
mitherd  the  poor  chap  tell  *e  didna  know  whad  'e  wuz  sayin\* 

(2)  '  The  Missis  'as  gid  me  sich  a  power  o'  jobs  all  wantin*  dom'  at 
wunst,  that  I'm  far  mithered,  an'  canna  tell  which  to  start  on  first.' 

(3)  '  Do  it  which  way  3ro'n  a  mind,  an'  dunna  moither  me  55th  it.' 
J?erhaps  connected  with  Du.  moedden  ;  Germ,  ermuden^  to  tire. 

(2)  V.  n.  to  talk  incoherently— to  ramble,  as  in  feyerish  sleep,  or 
delirium.  Com.  'I  thought  the  poor  child  wuz  gwein  to  '^ye  a 
faiyer,  fur  'er  burnt  like  a  coal,  an'  moithered  all  night' 

Bailey— ed.  1782 — giyes  '  Welly  Moideredf  almost  crazed.    CheslC 

MOITHEBED,  part.  adj.  broken  into  very  small  flakes:  said  of 
curds.    See  Jowters  (2). 

HOITHEBK,  same  as  Maythem,  q.  v. — Corvb  Dale,  Stanton 
IxKxy. 

■OLE  [moa'l],  sh.  a  mould ;  a  form.  Com.  '  Pfit  the  piiddin'  i' 
the  round  mole,  it  looses  best  out  o'  that.' 

'O.Fr.  Mcie,  moule;  ital.  modano,  esp.,  port,  ayec  renyersement 
du  2,  molde ;  de  modvlus* — Bur. 

MOLLTCOT,  sh.  a  man  who  busies  himself  in  such  household  matters 
as  are  peculiarly  the  woman's  proyince :  a  derisiye  term.  Com.  '  'E's 
whad  I  call  a  useful  man  in  a  ouse  athout  bein'  a  molly cot.^  Compare 
Shakespeare's  '  cot-quean'  as  applied  to  Capulet. — Romeo  and  Jufiet^ 
TV.  iy.  7. 

HOMBLE  [moni-bl],  (1)  sb.  a  bungling  job — '  'e'll  mek  a  mamble  on 
it.'— Newport. 

(2)  V.  a.  and  v,n.to  bungle ;  to  do  things  in  a  clumsy  way. — Urid^ 

KOMBLED-XTP,  part.  adj.  dredsed  up  awkwardly  and  ridiculously. 
— Ihid.    C£  Moble  (2).  also  Mommocked-up. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  287 

XOMBLEHEHT,  «&  confusion;  disorder. — ^Pulvbrbatoh.  'Mary, 
yo'  al'ays  get  these  drawers  into  a  momhlement  an'  mess  whenever  yo' 
g6'n  to  'em.* 

MOMMET  [momi't],  (1)  sb.  a  scarecrow. — Corvb  Dale,  Stanton 
Lacey, 

* that  ever  any  man  should  look 

Upon  this  maumet,  and  not  laugh  at  him.* 

Old  Play,  in  Nabes. 

Compare  O.E.  mawmetf  an  idol : — 

'  Do  a-wei  \>i  Maumetea  '  )>ei  han  trayed  \>e  ofte ; 

Let  broken  hem  a-two ' 

Joseph  of  Arimathie,  1.  102. 
Cf.  Malkin  (2). 

(2)  sh.  a  ghost ;  a  spectre.— PtTLVSRBATCH ;  Ellesmere.  '  I'd  as 
lif  g55  i'  the  night  as  tne  day,  I  amma  afeard  o'  mommeta,* 

XOMKOCK,  (1).    See  Hammock. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  dissipate ;  to  squander. — Wem.  '  *E  mommocked  all  *is 
money  away  i'  no  time.' 

(3)  V,  a.  to  tumble;  to  disarrange;  to  throw  into  confusion. — 
Newport.  '  See  'ow  yo'n  mommocked  sJ  the  clane  things  as  Oi*d  jdost 
fo'ded.' 

(4)  »b.  a  litter.—/^.  'Eh!  ye  notty  childem — ^mekkin  sich  a 
mommock  all  o*er  the  pleace.* 

(5)  V,  n.  to  romp  about,  putting  things  into  confusion.  —  Ihid, 
'  Dunna  mommock  about  athatns,'  is  a  common  form  of  reproof. 

HOMMOCKED-ITP,  part.  adj.  dressed  up  fantastically  and  absurdly. 
Ibid.    Cf.  Mombled-up. 

KOMMOCKS.    See  Mammocks. 

MOH,  ab.  a  man.  Com.  A  form  of  friequent  occurrence  in  the  early 
writers. 

*  A  mon  to  haye  ii^'.  benefyse,  anoder  no  lyrynge. 

This  is  not  Godys  wyl.' 

JoHK  Audeuly'b  PoemSf  p.  40. 

MOOHT- DAISY,  sb.  Chrysdntkemum  Leiicdnthemum,  great  white 
Ox-eye. — Cravew  Arms. 

KOOS  [moa-ur*  and  moo-ur'l  (1)  sb.  a  tract  of  low-lying  marsh  land, 
as  the  *  Wealdmoors,'  •  Bagley  Moors,'  &c,—N.  8hr. 

*  And  BO  forleost  ^  hund  his  fore 
And  tum|>  a^en  eft  to  |>an  more 
pe  fox  can  creope  bi  \>e  heie 
And  tume  ut  from  his  forme  weie 
And  eft  sone  cume  l^ar  to 
ponne  is  pea  hundes  smel  fordo.' 

Owl  and  Nightingale,  1.  818. 

*  Therto  the  frogs,  bred  in  the  slimie  scowring 

Of  the  moist  tnoorei * 

Speksbr,  Virgili  Gnat,  L  2da 


2S8  8HR0PSHIBB  WORD-BOOK: 

Mr.  Halliwell  aays  that  '  in  SuflTolk  mny  nnmdoaed  Und  is  called 
a  moor* 

•A.S.  fn<fr;  O.IceL  wi^;  O.D0.  moor,  moer/  M.H.O«nii.  mtior, 
moor.' — Stbat.    Cf. 


(2)  »h.  a  low,  marahjr  meadow  by  the  water  side. — ^WsLLnroTOir ; 
Newport.  The  term  is  used  eenericallv — *  So  and  So  has  a  good 
crop  of  hay  off  his  moors,'  the  nay  itself  beinic*  neyertheleas,  called 
'meadow-hay.'  Bat  such-like  meadows  are  often  distinguished  by 
Moor  as  a  proper  name  —  the  'Far  Moor,^  the  'Oossy  Moor*  tM 
'  Pigeon  Moor%^  ftc    Compare  Mr.  Halliwdl's  note  abom 

■OOB-HBV,  9h.  the  Water-Hen. — Bbidovorth. 

'  Morken,  moor-hen.    Wr.  Pol.  Songs,  168/  in  Strat. 
C£  Korant,  below.    See  Dab-chick. 

■OP,  (1)  bK,  obsA  a  hiring  fair. — ^Ludlow  ;  Bridonobth.  See  Bk. 
n.,  Folklore,  Ac,  'Wakes,  Fairs/  ftc. 

(2)  $h.  the  gall  of  the  Wild  Boee.— Shrewbbttry,  UffingUm,  The 
Tillage  school  children  give  the  name  of  mop  to  the  pretty  roee-gally 
because  they  use  it  as  such,  for  the  purpose  of  cleaning  their  slates. 

*  Mary,  we*n  tak'  dog's  leaye  an'  gd6  through  the  ooppy  this  momin' 
to  'unt  mops  to  clane  our  slates  w'en  we  bin  loost  out  o'  school — 
55n*ee  come  alung  P '  '  Aye,  I'll  come,  but  we  mun  tak*  cai'  as  the 
keeper  dunna  see  us ;  'ell  gie  us  mops  ^se,  an'  be'appen  Btails  as  welL' 
See  Briar-Boas. 

XOBAL  [muVul],  «5.,  pee.  the  exact  likeness ;  the  express  image ; 
the  model. — Shkewsbury;  Chxjbch  Stbetton.  Qy.  com.  'Dear 
'eart  aliye !  that  little  wench  is  the  yeiy  murral  on  'er  Oran'mother, 
*er'll  be  the  owd  Soman  o'er  agen  if  'er  uyes  to  see  sixty  sa'  ona' 

Mr.  Nares  says  '  Moral  was  sometimes  confounded  with  modd,  and 
used  for  it ;  and  I  belieye  still  is,  by  the  ignorant.'  He  quotee  the 
following  :— 

'  Fooles  be  they  that  inyeigh  'gainst  Mahomet, 
Who's  but  a  morral  of  Lovers  monarchic.' 

ff.  CoMt.  Decad.j  4  Sonn,  4. 

■OKAVT,  same  as  Koor-Hen,  aboye. — Bbidgnobth. 

XOBBAH  [maur'-ban],  sh.  a  silly  person. — Whitchubch,  WUxaXL 

*  Whad  a  crazy  owd  morhan  it  is : '  said  of  an  old  man  who  was  play- 
ing off  some  foolish  antics. 

KOBF  [mauT^'f],  «5.  a  thick,  tangled  crop,  as  of  hair,  weeds,  &c — 
PtTLYEBBATCH ;  WsM.  *  Whad  a  mor/  o'  yar  that  fellow's  got!  it 
looks  as  if  'e'd  c5omed.it  S6th  a  three-futted  stooL'    C£  Tellil 

KOBT  [mauVt],  eh.  a  great  deal;  an  abundance. — Colliebt; 
Newport. 

'  The  next  thin^  to  being  a  man  of  property,  was  to  haye  possessed 
worldly  goods  which  had  been  '*  made  away  wi',"  it  scarcely  mattered 
how.  Indeed,  eyen  to  haye  *'  made  away  wi'  a  mori  o'  money"  one's 
self,  was  to  be  regarded  as  a  man  of  parts  and  of  no  inoonaiderable 
spiiit. 

'  "  To're  in  a  mort  o'  trouble,  Sammy,  I  mak*  no  doubt|"  remarked 
one  oracle,  puffing  at  his  long  day. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  KTC  289 

* "  Trouble  enow,"  returned  Sammy,  shortly,  **  if  yo*  ca'  it  trouble 
to  be  on  th'  road  to  tV  poor-house." ' — ^Frances  H,  Bubnett,  That 
Law  0*  Lowrxe\  A  Lancashire  Stor^^,  p.  90,  ed.  1877. 

Ash  has  '  Mort  {from  the  Islandiofc  margt,  but  judged  inelegant),  a 
great  quantity.* 

Bailey— lOd.  1782 — gives  *Mort,  a  great  Abundance/  as  *  Lincoln^ 
shire.* 

*  O.N.  margt  J  neuter  of  margr,  much;  mart  (adv.),  much.' — ^Wepo, 

KOBTIFY  [mauT'ti'fei],  v»  a,  and  e;.  «.,  pec,  to  vex ;  to  provoke  \  to 
disappoint ;  to  abase.  Com.  '  'E  thinks  'imself  a  mighty  fine  fellow 
r  the  Parish,  but  stop  till  the  vestry-meetin',  w'en  'e  gets  afore  Mr. 
Jackson  an'  Dickin,  they'n  morti/y  'is  ambition  fur  *im,  yo'n  see.' 
Compare  K,  Henry  F.,  L  i  26. 

M0BTTM8  [moa'r'umz],  sb.  pi.  mocking  grimaces. — Craven  Arms. 
'  Please,  Sir,  'e's  makin'  morums  at  me.'  Probably  connected  with 
the  old  word  *  mow '  or  *  moe,'  a  wry  face.    Compare  the  following : — 

*  And  other-whiles  with  bitter  mockes  and  mowea 

He  would  him  scome .' 

Spenser,  F.  Q.,  B.  VI.  c.  viL  st.  xlix, 

*  Hamlet.  It  is  not  very  strange ;  for  mine  uncle  is  king  of  Denmark, 
And  those  that  would  make  mows  at  him  while  m^  father  lived,  give 
twenty,  forty,  fifty,  an  hundred  ducats  a-piece  for  ms  picture  in  little.' 
—Hamlet,  II.  ii  381. 

*  Motoe,  or  skome.  Vangia,  vel  valgia,  Cath.  et  C.  P.  {iMchinna,  P.).' 
— Prompt.  Parv. 

'To  make  a  moe  like  an  ape.    Distorquere  os.' — Baret,  Alvearie^ 
A.B.  1580. 
Cf.  Meow. 

XOSET  [moa'zi'],  adj.  dry ;  flavourless ;  *  woolly,*  as  apples,  pears, 
&c.  become  when  over-kept.  Com.  *  Them  Ghoose-apples  bin  the  sort 
to  keep  till  Christmas,  these  yallow  uns  gwun  as  mosey  an'  pithy — 
like  an  owd  turmit.* 

Grose  gives  *  Mosey,  Mealy,  a  mosey  apple.     GKouc' 

■OSS,  sh.  a  tract  of  wild  marsh  land  ;  a  morass ;  a  peat-bog,  as 
*  Whixall  Moss,'  *  Brown  Moss,'  &c—N.  Skr. 

*  Mossesi,  so  moorish  and  boggy  places  are  called  in  Lancashire.^ — 
Blount*8  Olossographia,  p.  421. 

•*  O.N.  moii ;  Qerm.  moos moss-grown,  swampy,  or  moory 

places.  Donau-moos,  JCrdinger^mMS,  tracts  of  such  land  in  Bavaria.' 
— Wedo.    Cf.  Moor  (1). 

MOSS -BALLS,  sb.  pi.  balls — rsometimes  called  Mere-balls — ^found 
in  Colemere,  a  long,  narrow  lake,  rather  more  than  two  miles  from 
Ellesmere;  they  are  described  by  Mr.  0«  Christopher  Davies  as 
follows : — 

'  Peculiar  to  this  mere  [Colemerel are  the  green  moss-balls 

{Csmferva  ^gaaroptla),  and  brown  nails  composed  of  nr  leaves.  It  is 
supposed  that  the  bottom  of  the  mere  is  troubled  with  convicting  eddies 
and  currents,  caused  no  doubt  by  springs,  and  that  these  currents 
eateh  up  the  fir  leaves  that  fall  fixim  the  h'ees  on  the  south  side  of  the 
mere,  and  i-oll  them  up,  together  with  particles  of  conferva*,  into  balls 

U 


290  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

of  different  suses,  even  up  to  two  feet  in  diameter.  The  moM-balls  are 
composed  entirely  of  con/trvce.  The  cnrrents  oonyey  these  balU  to 
the  opposite  side  of  the  mere,  and  there  they  may  be  found  in  thou- 
sands at  a  depth  of  three  or  four  feet.  The  cohesion  of  each  ball  is 
perfect.' — Mountain,  Meadow,  and  Mere,  p.  21,  ed.  1873. 

MOTE  [moat],  sb.  Tinea  tapetzella,  the  Clothes-moth.  Codl  ' The 
Missis  says  the  motes  han  ete  the  Maister's  top-coat  all  in  'olee — sarve 
it  right  an*  all ;  'er  met  a  gid  it  to  some  poor  owd  fellow,  to  a  kep'  'im 
warm,  an*  then  it  oodna  a  *ad  a  niote  in  it.* 

*And  make  to  pu  sachels  that  wexen  not  oolde,  tresoure  that 
failith  not  in  heuenes,  whidir  a  theef  neijith  not,  nether  mon^i 
destruyeth.* — Luke  zii.  33,  Wicliffite  version,  ed.  A.D.  1388. 

*  Mou^te,  clothe  wyrme.  Tinea,  **  Mought,  that  eateth  clothes, 
vers  de  drap" — Palso.*     Prompt,  Parv.  and  Notes, 

A.S.  wio*)»c;  O.Du.  motte,  a  moth. 

MOTHER,  ab.  a  slimy,  turbid  substance  concreted  in  stale  beer  or 
vinegar. — Pulyerbatch.  Qy.  com.  Both  Ash  and  Jamieson  have 
the  word  in  this  sensa     See  Mother,  in  Webo. 

MOTHERHra-SmrDAT.  See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &c.,  'Customs 
connected  with  Days  and  Seasons'  {Mid-Lent  Sunday), 

MOTHEE-LAW,  eb,,  ohsoU,  a  mother-in-law. — Pulyerbatch.  'I 
toud  *im  if  'e  couldna  afford  to  tak'  a  *ouse  to  laye  me  w'eer  I  wuz, 
fur  I  wunna  gwe'in  to  no  mother-law,*    See  Father-law. 

MOTTO,  sb,  the  mark  at  which  quoits  are  thrown. — Bridgnorth. 
Pegge  gives  Motty,  for  the  same  thing,  as  '  Derbyshire.' 

MOULD  [moa'ld],  v.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  make  the  dou^h  into  loave«,  &c. 
—Shrewsbury  ;  Pulyerbatch.  Qy.  com.  ^  *  Yo'  met'n  begin  to 
mould  up,  the  oven  ool  be  ready  agen  yo*  bin ;  an'  get  the  proper 
skiver,  I  dunna  hke  a  fork : — 

'*  Them  as  pricken  d5th  fork  or  knife, 
06n  never  be  'appy,  maid  nur  wife." ' 

Amongst  the  *  Terms  used  by  Bakers,*  given  by  Handle  Holme,  are 
the  following : — '  Mould  it  [the  bread],  make  it  into  Loaves  or  Boulls.' 
'  Prick  the  Loa/e,  is  to  make  little  holes  on  the  top  of  the  Loafe  with 
a  Bodkin.* — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  iii  pp.  85,  86. 

*  Moolde  breed.     Pinso,  pistoJ — Prompt,  Parv. 

*  One  muldinge  planke,  one  mouldinge  trough  with  a  cover,*  are 
mentioned  amongst  other  things  belonging  to  *  The  Back  hJowse* 
in  an  Inventory,  dated  at  Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop*s  Castle, 
1625. 

The  *  muldinge  planke  *  would  probably  be  the  board  upon  which 
the  loaves  were  made  up,  and  the  '  mouldinge  trough  *  like  the  '  knead- 
ing-trow  *  described  on  p.  239,  ante, 

*  Hie panificator,  An",  a  mouldere,'  occurs  under  the  head  of  '  Pidor 
cum  8ui$  Jnstrumentis,*  in  a  Pictorial  Vocabulary,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr. 
vocabs.,  voL  L  p.  276;  and  Mr.  Wright  gives  a  note,  to  explain 
'  mouldere '  as  *  The  person  who  makes  uie  dough  into  loaves.* 

MOULD-BOAED  [mou-ld  buo'h'r'd],  sb,  that  part  of  a.  plough  which 
turns  the  furrows — the  ^  breast.' — ^Ellesmers. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROTINCIAL  WORDS,    ETC.   291 

Bandle  Holme  enumerates  '  The  Mould  Board '  amongst '  The  parts, 
of  a  Plow/    Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  IIL  ch.  viii.  p.  333. 
See  Shell-board. 

MOTJLDIWABF  [raoa'ldiVaa-r'p],  Pulverbatch.  [moudi'waar'*p], 
Newport;  Oswestry,  sb,  Talpa  Europa^a,  the  Mole.  *  Yo'  keepen- 
yore  dog  well,  Tummas,  'e's  as  slike  as  a  mouldiwarpy  *  Aye,  *e  keeps 
Isself—  e's  turned  poacher  I    I  'spect  to  %Ye  *im  grinned  or  shot  afore 

'  In  which  like  MMwarps  nousling  still  they  lurke.' 

Spexsbr,  Colin  ClouU  oome  Home  Again,  1.  763. 

<  «  Master,  Master,  see  you  yonder  faire  ancvent, 
yonder  is  the  serpent  &  tne  serpents  head, 
the  mould'Warpe  *  in  the  middest  ffitt, 
&  itt  all  shines  with  gold  soo  redde/*  * 

Earle  of  Westviorlandey  1.  77.     Percy  Folio  MS,y 
Tol.  i  p.  303,  ed.  Hales  and  FumiTall. 

'•  "Taulpe:  t  The  little  beast  called  a  Mole  or  Moldewarp.''— 
Cotgrave.  tsi  Yorkshire  Mowldywarp  stilL'  Note  by  Mr.  FuRNrvALX. 
—Ibid. 

Grose  gires  *  MotUd-warpy  a  mole.    N.' 

Afould{i)warp  is,  literally,  earth-cosier,  from  'A.S.  molde;  O.IceL 
mold;  Goth,  mulda,  earth;  and  A.S.  toeorpan;  O.Tcel.  verpa ;  Goth. 
vairpa,  to  throw,  cast' — See  Strat. 

■OVLDIWOET  [raoa-ldi'wur't  and  mouii'wur*t],  same  as  above. — 
Shrewsbury;  WBixDroTON;  Wem. 

'  He  beareth  Argent,  a  Mole  (or  Motddtoart),  Sable.  It  is  as  blaek 
as  a  Coal,  and  soft  as  Yelyet ;  naTing  only  his  Feet,  and  a  little  tip 
at  the  Nose,  of  flesh  colour.  It  is  termed  a  Want,  and  a  AfotddwarpJ 
— Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  IL  ch.  z.  p.  204. 

'  Whyles  mice  and  moudiewortB  they  howkit.' 

Robert  Burn's  Poem»,  p.  2,  L  4. 
Cf  Odnt. 

MOTTHT  [mou'ut],  sh,  an  embankment ;  a  mound,  artificially  raised, 
as  for  ornamental  grounds. — Pulverbatch.  '  I  remember  seein'  the 
poor  owd  Squire  in  'is  green  coat,  potchin'  Snowdrops  i'  the  mount 
up  the  drive,  55th  'is  walkin'-stick ;  an'  they  blowen  as  fresh  now  as 
they  did'n  twenty  'ear  ag63.' 

MOTJVTIHO  [mou'ntin],  part,  adj.,  var.  pr,  moulting,  as  birds. — 
— Shrewsbxtry;  Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  ^Whad  a  pelroUock 
that  peckled  'en  looks  now  'er's  mo^inUh'  ! '  '  Aye,  'er*ll  be  like  yo', 
Bessie — ^look  better  w'en  'er  gets  new  clo'es  on.* 

*  Mowtynae,  Deplumacio.  **  Mowter,  vt<2e  monitor — quando  avium 
pennce  deeiaunt.** — Gouldm.'    Prompt.  Parv.  and  Kotes. 

Lat.  mutare,  to  change  (the  feathers). 

HOITSE-EAB,  sb.  Stachys  Germnntca,  downy  Woundwort  (garden 
plant). — ^Pulverbatch. 

'Jiiowseer,  herbe.  Muricnla  (auricalis  muris,  K.  P.).* — Prompt. 
Parv. 

*  Auricula  mitrii.    TheJiearbe  Mouse^eare.* — Diet.  Ftym.  Lat. 

V  2 


41 


292  8HR0PSHIRB  WORD-BOOK* 

MOUTER  [mou'tar'],  v,  n.,  var.  pr.  to  rot ;  to  cTumble  with  decay ; 
to  moulder — generally  used  in  the  past  participial  form.  Qy.  com. 
'  I  dunna  think  the  stillige  safe  for  a  big  barrel,  the  sides  bin  tnoutered 
as  well  as  the  legs.' 

XOUTH-XAirLDi'O,  (1)  sh,  a  volley  of  abusive  language. — ^Fulver- 
BATCH.  '  If  I  could  get  at  'im  I'd  gie  'im  sich  a  motUh'-matditC  as  *e 
never  'ad  afore.'    See  Maul, 

2^  $b.  indistinct,  drawling  utterance;   nntunable  singing. — Ibid. 
may  call  it  chantin'  or  whad  yo'n  a  mindy  but  I  cs£  it  mouth» 
mmdin',  fur  nobody  can  tell  whad  they  sen,' 

XOW  [mou'],  (1)  sK  a  cluster  of  standing  sheaves — generally  six  or 
eight— Shbewsbuby;  Pulverbatch  ;  Ellesmsbe.    Qy.com. 
Tusser  has  mow  in  the  sense  of  a  stack : — 

'  Sharpe  cutting  spade,  for  the  deuiding  of  mow* 

Btubandlie  furniture,  p.  38,  ed.  E.  D.  S. 

*  Look  to  the  Cow,  and  the  Sow,  and  the  Wheat-maw,  and  all  will 
be  well  enow.    Somerset,^ — Rat's  Proverh$,  p.  271. 

A.S.  miiga;  O.N.  miiffr,  a  stack;  a  heap.    Cf.  Stuck. 

f 2)  [mou*],  V.  a.,  varjr.  to  mow.— Bishop's  Oastle  ;  Clun.  •  Dun 
yo  see  that  mon  mdwin*  them  wuts  ? '  A.S.  mdwan^  to  mow.  See 
ace. 

(3)  See  Meow, 

HOW'BTTBSTf  adj\  heated  in  the  stack,  as  of  hay,  oats,  Ac,  which 
have  not  been  seasoned  properly  before  stacking.  Qy.  com.  *Bill 
says  'e  thinks  the  'ay's  toasted  a  bit  too  much,  but  the  cattle  aten  it, 
an'  dun  well — ^if  s  none  the  worse  fur  bein'  a  bit  mow-humt.* 

*  Come  bein^  had  downe  (any  way  ye  alow), 

shoidd  wither  as  needeth,  for  burning  in  mow : 
Such  skill  appertaineth  to  haruest  mans  art, 
and  taken  m  time  is  a  husbandly  part.' 

TnssEB,  Fiue  Hundred  Pointer  of  Good  Euabandrie 
[August]. 

*  Mow'bum  is  occasioned  by  the  Hay  being  stack'd  too  soon,  before 
its  own  juice  is  thoroughly  dried,  and  by  Norfolk  pneople  ii  called  the 
^ed  Raw ;  not  such  as  is  occasioned  by  stacking  it  when  wet  with 
Bain,  which  is  a  nasty  musty  and  stinks.' — Tuner  Bedivivtu  (A.D. 
1710),  in  E.  D.  S.  ed.,  p.  290. 

Pegge  gives  *  Mow^bumt^hay,  hay  that  has  fermented  in  the  stack* 
York.'    See  Mow  (1),  above. 

mrCHIH,  MTTCKIH  [mukhi'n],  Clun.    [muk-in],  Wem,  sh,  a  pig. 
'  I've  bought  a  fresh  muchin,  wim'ee  come  an'  see  'un?' 
W.  mochyn ;  Qael.  muk,  a  pig. 

HVCK,  sb.  and  v.  a.  manure ;  to  manure  (land).     Com, 

Mr.  Oliphant,  speaking  of  The  Bestiary — a  poem  in  the  East 
Midland  Dialect,  written  about  A.D.  1230 — remarks : — '  There  are 
many  Scandinavian  words  found  here ; '  and  he  enumerates,  amongst 
others,  •  Murk.    Icel.  mykrJ — Sources  of  Standard  English^  p,  131. 

KTTCKEBy  ab,  a  state  of  dirt  and  confudon. — ^Collibrt. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   29^ 

HUCKEBED,  adj.  said  of  milk  that  has  acquired  a  bad  flavour — 
but  not  become  sour — by  being  kept  in  a  close  place. — Pulverbatch. 
*  Bessie,  this  milk  o6nna  do  fur  the  child,  it's  muckered — I  doubt  yo*n 
'ad  it  i'  the  cubbert,  else  it  6ddna  a  gwnn  like  this.*  See  Muckery, 
below. 

KUCKEEnrO,  adj\  living,  or  working,  in  a  dirty,  slovenly  manner. 
— ^Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  *  *  I  like  plenty  o'  clier  waiter  throwed 
down  the  dairy;  none  o'  yore  muckerin*  work,  moppin'  about  the 
milk-pons — ^the  butter's  sure  to  tell  yo'  on  it.' 

mrCKEKT,  adj.  damp;  close,  as  of  the  weather. — ^Pulverbatch. 
'  This  muckery  weather's  despert  bad  fiir  the  com,  it'll  mak'  it  spurt.' 
Jamieson  has  *  Moch,  Mochy,  close ;  misty.'    Of.  Muggy,  below. 

HTTCKETER,  sb.  a  child's  pinafore.~CLEE  Hilds. 

Mr.  Nares  supposes  mucketer  to  be  a  corruption  of  '  Muckender/  a 
pocket-kerchief— a  mouchoir ;  but  adds  that  Baret,  in  his  Alvearie, 
refers  '  mucketter  to  bib,*    See  MuckeUr^  Mwkender^  in  Wedo. 

HUO,  8b.  a  mist ;  a  fog. — ^Pdlverbatgh. 

KUOOY,  adj,  foggy ;  damp ;  close.  Qy.  com.  '  Theer  wuz  sich  a 
mug  this  momin'  yo'  couldna  see  'afe-a-dozen  yards  afore  yo' — we'n 
'ad  a  power  o'  muggy  weather  lately.' 

'  O.r^.  mugga^  dark,  thick  weather,'  in  Wedg. 

Compare  W.  mti;^,  smokew 

MTJOWOOD,  8b,y  var,  pr.  Artemisia  vulgdris,  Mugwort. — ^Worthbn. 
Mugwood  seems  to  be  a  hybrid  form,  due  probably  to  some  confusion 
between  the  respective  names,  Mugwort  and  Wormwood  (Artendaia 
AbHnthium);  but  compare  the  following,  on  the  matter  of  pro- 
nunciation :-^ 

'  Mogwort,  al  on  as  seyn  some,  modirwort :  lowed  folk  jyat  in  manye 
wordes  conne  no  ry3t  eownynge,  but  ofte  shortyn  wordys,  and  changyn 
lettrys  and  silablys,  pey  ooruptyn  ^e  o.  in  to  u.  and  d.  in  to  g.  and 
83mcopyn  i-smylyn  a-wey  i.  and  r.  and  seyn  mugwort.' — Arun£l  MS. 
42,  f.  36  vo.,  in  Way. 

MULLIOBTJBS,  sb.  the  colic.  Qy.  com.  *  Sick  of  the  mulligrubs 
with  eating  chopp'd  hay.' — ^Bat's  Froverb$,  p.  60. 

KULLOCEI,  sb.  dirt;  rubbish,  as  of  the  refuse  of  masons'  work, 
gardeners'  sweepings,  &c. — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch;  Goryb 
Dale  ;  Wem.  *  Whad  bin'ee  gwein  to  do  5oth  all  this  muUock  t  yo' 
mun  dier  it  all  away  afore  Sunday.' 

'  The  mullok  on  an  hope  ysweped  waa. 
And  on  the  floor  yeast  a  canevas, 
And  al  this  muUok  in  a  S3rve  ythrowe, 
And  sifted,  and  ypiked  many  a  throwe.' 

Chauoer,  Q.  938—940  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

Grose  gives  '  MuUock,  Dirt  or  rubbish.    N.' 

MuUock  is  a  diminutive  ==  O.E.  mull  -f  ock^ 

<  Muk,  or  duste  (mul,  K.  S.  mull.  P.)  Pulvis.  The  term  mull  is 
still  retained  in  the  Eastern  counties,  and  in  the  North,  and  signifies, 
acooiding  to  Forby,  soft,  breaking  soil.    "  MoUe,  pulvtr^  et  cetera  ubi 


If 


294  SHKOPijHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

powder."— Cath.  Awo.    Compare  Tiow  Germ,  and  Dutdi,  mtd ;  Aug,- 
Sax.  7/i///,  pnlvis.     "Mullock,  or  mollock,  vide  dust,  or  dung/' — 
GoT'LPXi.'     Prompt  Parv.  and  KoUs. 
Seo  Black-mullock. 

HULLOCKT,  ailj.  untidy ;  all  in  a  litter. — Church  Stretton. 

KDVCHAH'CE  [raum'chans],  aJv,  Rtnpidly  silent. — Pdlterbatch. 
*  W'y  dunna  yo*  8pake,  lad  ? — an*  nod  stand  mumchanre  thoer  like  a 
dummy  in  a  draper*8  shop.' 

Mr.  Halliwell  says  that  '  in  Deyon  a  silent,  stupid  person  is  called 
a  mnrnchance,  Milles'  MS.  Gloss.'  He  refers  the  term  to  an  '  old  game, 
mentioned  by  Cotgrave  and  others,  in  which,  according  to  some, 
sileuce  was  an  indispensable  requisite.'    See  Mum^ehance,  m  Wedo. 

MmntTrFFnr  [mumr'uFin],  sb.  the  long-tailed  Titmouae.— Ci*u», 
Vlungunford;  Bridoxobth.     See  Oax&bottle. 

HUS,  aujc,  vb.  must     Com. 

Mun  be  maried  a  Sunday, 
mun  be  maried  a  Sunday, 
Who  foeuer  fhall  come  that  way, 
I  mun  be  maried  a  Sunday/ 

Boister  Doister,  The  fourth  Song,  p.  87. 

Mr.  Oliphant  says  that  in  the  '  Oimulum'  [a.d.  1200,  ctrai]  Ormin 
uses  *  a  new  Scandinayian  auxiliary  verb,  which  is  employed  eyen 
now  from  Caithness  to  Derbyshire.  Such  a  phrase  as  /  mun  do  this 
iri  first  found  in  his  work ;  the  mun  is  the  Scandinayian  muna^  but 
mune  in  the  "Ormulum"  implies  futurity  more  thui  necessity.' — 
Sources  of  Standard  English,  p.  104. 

Cf.  Maun. 

HUN COBJT  [raunf<k'nr*n],  sb.,  obsols,  mixed  com — ^wheat  and  rye 
ground  together  for  bread-meaL — ^PxTLyRRBATCfH.  '  Muncom  bread's 
yery  sweet  an*  good,  but  theer's  nuthin'  like  a  bit  o'  good  Veaten 
flour.* 

'  And  mene  mong-corn  bred  *  to  her  mete  fongen, 
And  wortes  flechles  wroughte  *  &  water  to  drinken.' 

P.  PI.  Cr.,  I  786, 

'  Some  mixeth  to  miller  the  rie  with  the  wheat, 

Temmes  lo/e  on  his  table  to  haue  for  to  eate : 
But  sowe  it  not  mixed,  to  growe  so  oil  land« 
least  rie  tirie  wheat,  till  it  shed  as  it  stand.' 

TUSSER,  Fine  Hundred  Pointe$  of  Oood  Husbandrie 
[September]. 

Tiisser  called  this  mixed  com  '  mesUen.^ 

*  Mestlyone,  or  monge  come  (or  .  .  .  mongeme,   S.}.      Mixtilio, 
bigonnen.' — Prompt,  Parv, 
See  Way's  Note.    A.S.  mengan,  to  mix.    Cfl  Kunker. 

HTINDLE  [muiid'l],  (1)  sb.  a  utensil  yariously  employed  for  purposee 
of  stirring,  as  a  mashing-mu9ui/«  (q.  y.  ante),  a  cream-fnim<2^e,  &c. ; 
but  the  term  is  most  often  heard  in  tne  dairy,  where  the  mundle  is  in 
constant  requisition  for  stirring  the  cream  in  the  deep  'steans'  in 
which  it  is  gathered  for  the  chum.  A  cream-mtcncUe  is  a  flattish 
piece  of  wood,  sometimes  diyided  at  the  lower  and  broader  end  in 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   295 

such  a  way  as  to  admit  of  the  cream  passing  through  it,  thereby 
maUng  the  necessary  operation  of  stirring  the  cream  about,  much 
more  effectual.     Com. 

*  Mundfe,  a  pudding-slice.     Derb.' — Pegob. 
See  Lick  the  crame-xnundle. 

(2)  V.  n.  to  bimgle;  to  do  a  thing  awkwardly. — Pxtlterbatch  ; 
Church  Stretton.  *  Dear  'eart  alive !  *ow  yo*  bm  mundlin*  o*er  that 
bit  on  a  job ;  'ere,  gie  it  me  if  yo'  canna  do  it  no  better — ^I  hanna  one 
bit  o*  patience  to  see  yo'  messin'  at  it  athatn.' 

MunOE  [munj*],  (1)  v,  n.  to  eat  greedily  and  by  stealth. — ^Pulvbr- 
BATCH.  *  That  girld's  al*ays  mungin\  'er  never  gwuz  i'  the  buttery 
athout  'elpin'  'erself — 'er  met  neyer  get  a  meal's-mate,  an'  look  at  'er 
mungey  munge^  mungin\* 

*  **1  monche,  I  eate  meate  gredyly  in  a  comer,  ie  loppine" — ^Palso. 
Bp.  Kennett  gives  ** to  munge^  to  eat  greedily;  Wilts." — Lansd.  MS. 
1033.'— Way's  Note  in  Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  342. 

(2)  same  as  Minge,  q.y. — Fulverbatch.  A  corrupted  form 
apparently. 

MmrOEK  [mnnj''ar'1,  v,  n.  to  mutter ;  to  grumble  in  an  undertone. 
— PuLyERBATCH;  Wem.  *Wy  dunna  yo*  say  whad  yo'  han  to 
say  ? — an'  nod  munger  about  the  'ouse  athatn,  like  a  'umbly-bee  in  a 
chum.'    Connected  with  O.E.  munge,  to  tell,  speak : — 

'  )>an  gan  Meliors  munge  *  \>e  meschef  |>at  hir  eyled ; 
i>at  o^er  comsede  to  carp  '  of  cumfort  &  ioie, 
&  eper  munged  of  l^e  mater  *  \>&t  )>sA  most  louede.' 

William  of  PaUrne,  U.  831—833. 

'  A.S.  myngian;  0J3.,GeTm.  munigon,  to  admonish.' — Strat. 
Cf.  Jnnder  (1). 

MuaSXS,  ah.f  ohsols.  mixed  com, — wheat  and  rye  grown  together 
as  a  crop,  for  grinding  into  bread-meal. — BRrDONORTH,  Worjield. 
It  is  said  that  the  old  practice  of  sowing  wheat  and  rye  together  in 
this  part  of  Shropshire  arose,  primarily,  from  a  doubt  whether  the 
land  would  produce  a  good  crop  of  wheat,  therefore  the  rye — which 
was  not  so  likely  to  faU— was  sown  also. 

*  If  soile  doe  desire  to  haue  rie  with  the  wheat, 
by  growing  togither,  for  safetie  more  great, 
Let  white  wheat  oe  ton,  be  it  deere,  be  it  cheape, 
the  sooner  to  ripe,  for  the  sickle  to  reape.' 

TussER,  Fine  Hundred  Paintes  of  Oood  Htuhandrie 
[September]. 

The  term  Munker  is  evidently  corrupted  from  Muncom,  q.  y. 

MUBOT  [mur^gi'l  sb.  a  contemptuous  term  for  a  miner  or  collier. — 
Wellington.  Compare  *  Murche,  lytyll  man,'  in  Prompt  Parv.,  upon 
which  Mr.  Wa^  remarks : — *  This  name  for  a  dwarf  does  not  appear 
to  be  retained  m  any  of  the  local  dialects,  although  preserved,  as  it 
would  appear,  in  the  simame  Murchison.* 

XTTBEAL.    See  Moral. 

MXTSE,  8K1J8E  [meu's],  PuLyERBATOH;  Wbllinoton.     Qy.  com. 


296  8HROP3UIRK  WORD-BOOK. 

[mneu'B],  Wbh,  $h,  a  small  hole  or  ^lun  *  through  a  hedge,  made  by 
a  hare  or  rabbit  in  its  track, 

'  Take  a  hare  without  a  mtue^ 
And  a  knare  without  excuse. 
And  hang  them  up.* 

HowEix*B  English  Proverbs,  p.  12,  a,  in  Narea 

I  know  your  musees,  your  inlete  and  outlets,  and  whereyer 


the  rabbets  pass,  the  ferret  or  weezel  may  venture.' — ^Ea.ybn80BOYT, 
Careless  Levers,  1673,  in  Wr. 
Cf.  Fare  (1). 

MTTSET  [meu'zi'],  adj,  inquisitive.  —  Whitchurch;   Elleb 
'  Tak'  car'  whad  yo'  Hn  about,  'er's  very  mwey.* 

MIISICIAVEB,  $h,^  ohsols.  a  performer  on  a  musical  instmment, — 
a  musician. — Pulverbatch  ;  Wem.  Qv.  com.  '  Who  'ad'n'ee  tax  a 
musidaner  at  the  daincin'  P '  '  One  o'  the  blind  Tithers  [Tudorsi  & 
the  Gattin  played  the  fiddle  [1815]— that  wuz  aU  the  music  we  'ad  n.' 
*  He  beareth  Argent,  a  Musicioner  pla^ringon  a  IVeble  Yial,  doathed 
all  in  blew  with  a  Scarlet  Cloak  hanging  on  his  back,  Hat  Sable^ 
Feather  Gules.  This  is  the  Crest  of  Fidler  in  CounirtfUm.^ — Academy 
of  Armory,  Bk.  IIL  cb.  iii.  p.  156. 

WJST,  8h.  ground  apples  (for  cider). — Cleb  Hills.    C£  Pomioe. 

mrST-TUB,  ih.  the  tub  into  which  the  apple-pulp  is  put,  in  the 
process  of  cider  making. — Ibid. 

'  Must  tub.*— Auctioneer's  Catalogue  (Stoddesden),  1870. 

MUZZLE,  V.  n.  to  root  with  the  snout,  as  pigs  do. — Pulverbatch. 
'Tell  Humphrey  Bobe'ts  lo  send  a  dozen  rings  fur  the  little  pigs, 
they  bin  beginnin'  to  muzzle,  I  see.'  Mr.  Halliwell  has  this  for 
*  Devon.' 

OOVS,  interf.  perhaps  a  corruption  of  some  Komish  adjuiatioir 
having  reference  to  the  'Sacred  Wounds,'    Com.    The  term  in  its 

E resent  form  seems  to  be  pretty  old,  and  Farquhar  may  have  heard  it 
y  *  Severn  Side : ' — 

•  Braz,  Will  you  fight  for  the  Lady,  Sir  P 
Plume.  No,  Sir,  but  I'll  have  her  notwithstanding. 

Thou  Peerless  Princess  of  Salopian  Plains^ 
Envy*d  by  Nymphs  and  worshiped  by  the  Swains — 

Braz.  Oons,  sir !  not  fight  for  her ! 
Plume.  Prithee  be  quiet — ^I  shall  be  out— -^ 


Recruiting  Officer,  Act  m.    Scene.— The  walk  by 
the  Severn  Side  [Shrewsbury], 


HAB  [nab-l  (1)  r.  a.,  «7.1  to  dupe ;  to  trick.  Com.  The  Eev.  Wm. 
Gilpin  of  Church  Pulverbatch,  preaching  to  his  rural  congregation 
in  Churton  Church — about  1836 — said,  '  Some  of  you,  some  of  you, 
calling  yourselves  honest  men  go  to  the  fair  to  buy  and  to  sell,  and 
when  you  come  back,  you  boast  that  you  '*  nabbed  the  chap  I '" 

*  Kab  me,  TU  nab  thee.*— Ray's  Proverbs,  p.  274. 


II I 


GLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   297 

(2)  y.  a. ,  «;.  ?  to  seize  hold  of  iniexx)ectedly.  Ck>m.  *  The  *  *  Bobbies  " 
'an  bin  lookin'  ont  for  them  poacnin'  chaps  a  good  wilde,  but  they 
nabbed  *em  at  the  far.* 

'Dan.  nappe,  to  snatch;  snatch  at;  pluck.' — ^Wedg. 

IT  AG  [nag*],  {\)v.a,  and  v,  n.  to  irritate  the  temper  by  constant  fault- 

findmg;   to  carp.    Com.    Tm  despert  sorry  for  poor  Samwel;  'e 

wuz  a  right  tidy  mon  afore  'e  got  married,  but  'is  wife's  nagged  'im, 

tell  'e's  bin  tar  druv  to  drink — as  yo'  met'n  say — ^by  a  56man's  tongue*' 

'  N.  nagga,  to  gnaw ;  to  irritato,  plague,  disturb.' — ^Wedg. 

(2)  V,  n.  to  keep  up  a  slight  but  constant  ]>ain ;  to  gnaw,  as  of  an 
aching  tootii.  Com.  '  I  oouldna  sleep  las'  night  fur  the  tuth-ache, 
it  wunna  to  say  yiolent,  but  kep'  netg^  nag,  noggin*  all  the  wilde  tiU 
about  four  o'clock.' 

VAOEB  [nai'gur*],  sb.,  var,  pr,  an  auger. — Clun.  *  Fowre  nagera ' 
are  enumerated  amongst  sundry  miscellaneous  itoms  in  an  Inventory^ 
dated  at  Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 

*  Terebrwnt  nayegar,'  occurs  in  Archbf,  JEl friers  Vocabulary ,  x.  cent. 
Bee  Wr.  yocaba,  Tol.  L  p.  16.    Nauger  is  the  correct  form,  not  auger. 

VAU-FABSEA,  »b.  a  gimlet.  Com.  Called  a  'Kail-piercer'  by 
Bandle  Holme.    C£  Bore-paaaer. 

SAIHT,  ah.  an  aunt  —  Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch;  Elleshbrb. 
Qy.  com.  *  As  yo'  comen  throm  school,  Mary,  g65  by  the  Bonk  an' 
axe  'ow  yore  Nunde's  ancler  is,  an'  tell  vore  Naint  I'm  gwein  to 
Soseb'ry  o'  Saturd'y  if  'er  wants  a  narrand.^    C£  Aint,  also  Nuncle« 

HAKED  AS  A  KOBm,  phr,  quite  naked :  said  chiefly  of  an  un- 
dressed child, — '  Wy  yo'  bin  as  naked  aa  a  roUn.*    Com. 

VAXED-LABT,  sb.  Cokhicum  auiumnale,  the  Autumnal  Crocus. — 
Shrewsbury. 

HAH,  inte/j.  and  interrog,,  obaols.  this  term  is  equivalent  to  the 
'  I  beg  yoiir  pardon '  of  modern  *  polite  society,'  when  an  obseryation 
has  been  either  not  heard  or  not  understood ;  it  scarcely  amounto  to 
•  What  do  you  say  P '  Nan  is  yery  seldom  used  now ;  only  a  few  of 
the  aged  folk  seem  to  retain  it  [1875]. — PuLyERBATCH;  Church 
Strettow;  CLUif. 

Pegge  has  *  Nan,  used  as  an  interrogation ;  as — Nan  P  t.  e.  What 
did  you  say  P    Kent'    See  Anan  in  Hal. 

HAHCT,  sb.  the  pudding  in  a  pig  which  is  next  in  size  to  the 
paunch. — Pulverbatoh.    See  Boger. 

HAHHT,  (1)  8b.  same  as  Hanoy,  aboye.    Clun.    See  Hodge. 
(2)  »b.  the  stomach.— Wellington.     C£  Duff  (2). 

HAHHT-HIHE-HOLES,  ah.  Lampetra  fluvidtilta,  the  Lampem. — 
Shrewsbury  ;  PuLyERBATCH.    Qy.  com. 

HAP-AT-HOOH,  same  as  Betty-go-to-bed-at-noon,  q.  y. — Ellesherb. 

HATIOH,  adv.,  «Z.1  yery, — *  nation  cowd.'  Com.  Pegge  gives  this 
for '  Kent,  Norl,  and  Suft.' 


2i)8  SHROFSHIRK  WORD-BOOK. 

HAXiVJS  [nai-tiv],  adj.^  pec.  used  elliptically  for  'native  place/ — 
•  Worthen's  my  native,^    Com.  • 

HATU&E,  sh.^  pec.  natural  goodness ;  nutrition :  said  of  food. — 
NE^vTonT.  A  shopkeeper  observed  to  one  of  his  customers  [1872] 
that,  having  tried  the  Australian  meat,  he  found  he  oould  not  recom- 
mend it,  for  it  was  *  so  overdone,  there  seemed  to  be  no  naiurt  left 
in  it.' 

HAVE  [nai'v],  sh,  a  prop  to  support  the  shaft  of  a  loaded  cart  when 
the  horse  is  out ;  it  is  made  of  a  strong  oak-branch  having  three  forks, 
which  serve  for  feet — the  branch  being  inverted. — Pulvebbatch. 

Grose  has  *  Nape^  or  Nepe.  A  piece  of  wood  that  hath  three  feet, 
used  to  support  tne  fore  part  of  a  loaded  waggon.    N.'    Cf.  Vamp. 

HAY-WORD,  sh.  a  by-word. — Pulvbrbatch;  Cube  Hills.  *I 
o5nna  be  the  first  to  be  married  at  the  new  church ;  I  amma  gwel'n  to 
be  a  nay-word  to  all  the  parish.' 

* ...  if  I  do  not  gull  him  into  a  nay-word,  and  make  him  a 
common  recreation,  do  not  think  I  have  wit  enough  to  lie  straight  in 
my  bed,'— rwW/fA  Night,  IL  iii.  146. 

HEAB,  HEAB-FI8TED,  adj,,  pec,  penurious;  stingy;  grasping. 
CoTn.  *  It's  nuthin'  like  the  same  place  sence  the  poor  owd  Missis 
died,  they  bin  so  ntar  an'  grindin' — nobody  likes  to  g66  nigh  the 
*ouse.' 

'  Near,  covetous.    North.    As,  He  is  a  near  man.' — ^Peooe. 

VECK,  V,  a.  to  kill  fowls  by  pulling  their  necks  out,  or  rabbits  by 
giving  them  a  blow  on  the  back  of  the  neck. — Shrewsbubt;  Whit- 
CHURCH.    Qy.  com. 

HECK-HOLE,  sh.  the  nape  of  the  neck.    Com. 

HEEDLESS  [need'lis],  (1)  adj.,  pec,  shiftless;  helplen.— Pdltbb- 
BATCH.  '  I'm  despert  .sorry  fur  that  mon,  'e's  got  mxOk  a  meedUM  pieoe 
fur  a  wife — 'is  wages  bin  gwun  afore  'e  'aa  'em — an'  'e's  right  tidy 
'isself.' 

(2)  adj,,  pec,  obeois,  nameless:  said  of  an  unbaptised  infant. — 
Ellesmerb,  WelahampUm,  'Whad'n'ee  call  that  child?'  'Oh,  it's 
needless  yet,  poor  thing,  it  hanna  bin  ohris'nod.' 

VEEDVA,  V.  a,  need  not ;  have  no  occasion  to  be,  &c.     Com. 

*  Hoger,  I  needna  mak'  sic  speed  my  blood  to  spill, 
111  warrant  death  come  soon  enough  a-wilL' 

Allan  Bamsat,  r/»e  Oentle  Shepherd,  I.  i.  p.  9. 

VEELD.    See  HUd. 

HE'EE-A,  contraction  of  Hever-a,  q.  v. 

VEESEirni*,  part,  adj,  nesting — seeking  for  birds'  nesta. — Newport. 
See  Neat*. 

IEE8T,  sh,,  var,  pr.  a  nest — Newport  ;  Ellesmere.    See  Heats. 

HESH  [nesh*],  (1)  adj.  delicate;  tender:  said  of  the  health  or 
physical  constitution.  Com.  (1)  *It  wunna  likely  as  a  poor  little 
nesh  child  like  'er  oould  do ;  it  56d  tak'  a  atruxig  girld  i'  that  place.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL   WORDS,   ETC.  299 

(2)  •  Yo*  lads  t>e  off  out  o'  doors,  an'  nod  rook  round  the  fire— yo'n  be 
as  neih  as  a  noud  56man.' 

'  Wummon  is  of  neache  flesche.' 

Owl  and  Nightingale,  L  1387. 

'  *'  God  saue  the  Queene  of  England,"  he  said, 
**  for  her  blood  is  verry  neahe, 
as  neere  ynto  her  I  am 
as  a  colloppe  shome  from  the  flesh." ' 

King  James  and  Browne,  L  119.    Percy  Folio  MS,, 
yoL  i.  p.  141,  ed.  Hales  and  FurniTall. 

(2)  adj.  poor-spirited ;  lacking  energy. — ^Wem.  *  'Er's  a  nesh  piece, 
'er  dunna  do  above  'afe  a  day's  work,  an'  'er's  no  use  at  all  under  a 
cow  [milking  a  cow].' 

'A.S.  hnesc;  0.l3u.  neBch;  Goth,  hnasqus;  nesh,  mollis,  tener,' — 
Strat. 

ITEST,  adv.  next. — Colliery. 

'  And  sum  sais  bot  )>e  nest  yeire 

Foluand ' 

Cursor  Mundi  (A.D.  1320,  drca),    Spedm,  Early 
Eng.,  vii.  L  5. 

A.S.  neaJist ;  Dan.  nast,  nighest ;  next.    Qt  Kigh. 

ITEBTS,  sh.  pL  [nee-zn],  Shrewsbury  ;  Newport  ;  Wem  ;  Oswestry. 
fnesi'z],  Shrewsbury;  Clun;  Oorve  Dale;  Ludlow,  [nis'i'z], 
ruLVERBATCH ;  WoRTHEN ;  Clun.  [nis'ts],  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulver- 
BATCH ;  WoRTHEX ;  Clun.  [nea'sts],  Ellesmere.  Of  the  different 
plurals  of  nest  obtaining  in  the  Shrewsbury  district,  it  may  be  obseryed 
that  neesen  is  one  chiefly  employed  by  uie  aged  folk ;  a  fact  which 
seems  to  point  to  the  conclusion  that  it  is  in  $e  the  oldest  form  of  all 
that  are  here  giyen. 

VEVES-A,  adv.  not  a,  or  one.  Com.  *  Theer's  fiever-a  spot  o'  milk 
i'  the  'ouse.' 

'  he  had  neuer  a  penny  left  in  his  pursse, 

neuer  a  penny  but  3, 
&  one  was  brasse,  &  another  was  lead, 
&  another  was  white  mony.' 

The  Heir  of  Lin,  n.  3S,  ^    PercyFolio  M8., 
yol.  L  p.  176,  ed.  Hales  and  FumiyalL 
See  MaH,  zzyii  14. 

HEVES-A-OHE,  none ;  neither.  Com.  *  Never-a-cne  on  'em  ossed 
to'elp.'    Qee  Qrammax  (hitlin»B  {indefinite  pronouns). 

JiJSW-FAVOLED,  arfj.  new;  new-fashioned;  noyel,  as  of  some 
pursuit  or  'hobby.' — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch;  Ellesmere. 
Qy.  com.  (1)  '111  a  none  o'  them  new-fangled  ways;  I  like  things 
done  as  they  bin  use't  to  be,  an'  I  know  yo'  canna  mend  'em.' 
(2)  *Wy,  dear  'eart  aliyel  Jenny,  whad  new-fangled  fashions  han 
yo*  got  i  yore  yed  now  f '  said  a  Welshampton  woman  to  her  daughter, 
who  was  just  come  home  from  her  '  place  with  newly-acquired  tastes, 
which  she  was  busily  disclosing. 


300    *  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  So  newe/angd  ben  they  of  hir  mete, 
And  louen  nouelries  of  propTe  kynde.* 

Chauoeb,  F.  618  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 

'  At  Ohristmas  I  no  more  desire  a  rose 
Than  wish  a  snow  in  May's  new-fangled  mirth.' 

Love  $  Labour  Loei^  L  i  106. 

Mr.  Oliphant  says  that  Chancer  was  the  first  to  use  ^Newfangei* 
Mr.  Nares  and  the  editors  of  *•  The  Bible  Word-Book*  alike  remark  of 
New-fangled  that  it  is  'not  yet  quite  obsolete.'  See  Fangle^  ia 
Wedo.    Of.  Fangled  (anfo). 

VEW-TIS-TIDE,  $b.,  ohsoh.  the  New-year's-tide ;  the  beginning  of 
the  year.— PuLYERBATCH.  A  couplet  which  sets  forth  that  the  days 
attam  a  slightly  increased  leng^  at  this  season  runs  as  follows : — 

'  New-vie-tide 
A  cock-stride.' 

HEX'-TO-ITEX*,  adv,  in  order  of  succession ;  consecutively, — ^  three 
nights  nesi^-to-nex'.'-r-SHBEWSBnBT;  Clun.    Qy.  com. 

VICE,  adj.  oyer-particular ;  fastidious — ^in  regard  of  food.  Com. 
<  'E  shall  shift  'is  fit  from  under  my  table,  'e's  gof  n  so  despert  nice, 
theer's  nuthin'  good  enough  fur  'im.' 

*  Portia,  In  terms  of  choice  I  am  not  solely  led 
By  nice  direction  of  a  maiden's  eyes.' 

Merchant  of  Ventee^  LL  L  14. 

'  More  nice  than  wise.' — ^Eay's  ProverbBf  p.  203. 

BIOH,  adv.  and  prep,  near — ^regularly  compared,  as,  ^  'E  never  come 
nighj  fur  all  'e  promised.'  *Draw  up  nigher  the  fire.'  ''E  st5od  at 
the  top  nigheit  the  Maister.'    Com. 

• — was  nei^e  atte  de^e.' — WiUiam  ofPcdeme,  1.  1611. 

'  And  neigh  the  castel  swiche  ther  dwelten  three.' 

Ohaxjceb,  B.  550  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 

*  ProBpero.     ^  Why,  that's  my  spirit ! 
But  was  not  this  nigh  shore  P 

Arid,  Close  by,  my  master.* 

Tempetif  I.  ii.  15. 

A  note  in  the  Bible  Wbrd-Booh  says  that  nigh  is  '  a  common  pro- 
vindalLran  in  Suffolk.'  See  Db.  Mobbis's  Eitiorical  English  Aoddenee, 
p.  108. 

A.S.  nedh,  nSh;  sp.  nfhet,  nigh,  nighest,  of  which  the  oomp.  is 
nearra.    Cf.  Kest,  eXao  Aiiigh. 

HIOHT-HAWK,  eh.  the  European  Goat-sucker. — Cluk,  Ctungtm- 
ford  Hill  and  Shdderton  Rocks;  Oswestbt.  See  Nyghie  Crowe  in 
Prompt.  Parv.  with  Way's  Note.    C£  Ohum-owl,  also  liioh-fowL 

HIOHT-JAB^  same  as  above. — ^Bbidonobth. 

VTLD  [nil'd],  (1)  «5.,  var.  pr.  a  neeld— old  form  for  needle.  Ck>nL 
'Come  an' look  my  knittin'^M^d — ^theer's  a  good  child.'  'Wy  yo'n 
stuck  it  i'  yore  cap,  Ghran  1 '  Slight  stitching  that  won't  hold  is  said 
to  have  been  '  sewed  55th  a  wut  [hot]  nild  an  a  burain'  thrid.' 


i 


OLOSSART  OP  ARCHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  301 

*  We,  Hennia,  like  two  artificial  ffods, 
Have  with  our  neelds  created  bom  one  flower, 

Both  on  one  sampler ' 

MicUummer  Nighfa  Dream,  HI.  ii.  204. 

'  AcuSf  nelde,'  occurs  in  a  Semi-Saxon  Vocabulary,  in  Wr.  yocabs., 
vol.  i  p.  94.    A.S.  nddl,  a  needle. 

(2)  $h,  a  needle  used  in  stemming  holes  for  blasting. — ^Pulyeb- 
BATOH,  AracoH,    Qy.  com.    M.  T.    Of.  Pricker. 

BILE,  same  as  Caplin,  q.  v. — Corvb  Dalb  ;  Ludlow. 

VIMBLE-TAILOB,  sb.  the  Long-tailed  Titmouse. — £ridonorth« 
See  Bottle-tit. 

HIHS-COBVS,  sb.^  d,  the  last  after-supper  pipe. — Cleb  Hilus.  Qy. 
com.    *  111  gOd  an'  a  my  ntite-com^,  an'  then  I'll  be  off  to  bed.' 

HiNETEl),  adj.  addicted  to  evil  waya  Com.  ^'Fs  a  nineted 
pippin  * :  said  of  a  vicious  youth. 

HIHTE  [nei-ntl,  (1)  v.  a.  to  beat  Qy.  com.  '  BiUy,  if  yo*  dunna 
come  back  an  get  on  wuth  that  leasin'  Fll  ninte  yoi-e  'ide  fur  yo' ' : 
so  said  '  Jack-the-Bot's '  daughter  to  her  boy. 

(2)  V.  n,  to  ^  along.— Clbb  Hills;    Ludlow;    Bredonobth. 
'  They  wun  oomin'  alung  as  fast  as  the  pony  could  ninie,* 

VIPPIT  [nip-it],  V.  n.  to  go  quickly ;  to  hurry. — Cbaybn  Abms* 
<  Wen  I^eard  the  whistle,  didnad  I  nippit  f ' 

HISOAL  [niz'gul],  {I)  sb.  the  smallest  and  weakliest  of  a  brood  of 
any  kind  of  domestic  fowls. — Pulyebbatch.  '  Tve  nussed  this  poor 
lickle  nisgal  in  551  this  two  days  an'  nights,  an'  see  'ow  peart  'e's 
gotten.' 

(2)  $b.  the  smallest  of  a  litter  of  pigs. — Olun  ;  Ludlow. 

VITTT  [nit'i'],  adj,  bright ;  sparkling :  said  of  ale.  Com.  '  I  wuz 
fritteneid  w'en  I  tapned  the  ale,  it  looked  jest  like  barm  i'  the  jug ;  but 
Ven  I  poured  it  i'  uie  glass  it  wuz  nitty,  an'  as  clier  as  sack.* 

'  Nihd  {nitidus),  clean,  .  .  .  fair,  bright' — Bloxtnt's  Olosaographia, 
p.  435. 
'Lat.  nitido,  to  make  bright  or  clear.' — Did.  Etym.  Lai. 

HO,  adv,,  pec.  not.  Com.  '  Well,  I  cama  w'ether  yo'  dun  it  or  no, 
it's  all  the  same  to  me.' 

HOBBLETT,  same  as  Voggety,  below.— Wem. 

HOBBT,  8b.  a  sucking  foaL — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulvbrbatoh  ;  Cravek 
Arms. 

HOD,  adv.  not    Com.    See  T  (1 )  in  Grammar  Outlines  (eotisonants). 
HOD  'APB  BAD,  phr.  very  good.     Com.     'Well,  Joe,  did  they 

said 

To 

express  aj>|>foval  or  opinion  in  this  negative,  doubtful  fashion  is  a 

charactenstic  of  Shropshire  folk,  and.  until  it  is  understood,  is  often  a 

source  of  vexation  to  strangers  who  dwell  in  thmr  midst,  as  when  a 


302  SHKOPSUIKE  WORD-iiOOK. 

clergyman  recently  oome  to  his  benefice  heard  himself  thus  appraised 
'  Our  paas'n  inna  $o  bad  as  some,  that^s  all  I  'are  to  say  fur  'im ; ' — he 
was  much  disturbed,  till  a  friend  assured  him  that  the  remark  was 
meant  to  convey  the  speaker's  decided  approbation  of  his  rector. 

VO  DAHGEB,  interf.  Not  at  all  likely !  Nothing  of  the  kind  !— 
a  deprecatory  exclamation  constantly  in  use,  dpropo$,  or  malaproe,  to 
the  occasion.  Com.  '  So  I  'ear  yo'  bin  gwein  to  be  married,  Turn. 
'  No  duinger,  Missis^axiu'  i'  church  inna  marryin',  an*  I  amma  come 
to  that  yit.'  See  A  (13)  in  Qrammar  Outlines  {voweU,  &c.).  Ct 
Dangrer. 

VOOOEH'  [nog'nl,  (1)  adj\,  obsols,  made  of  nogs,^-coBTfse  refuse  of 
flax  or  hemp. — Fulverbatch  ;   Clee  Hills. 

*  In  the  trunk  cU  the  end  of  the  Presse,     Imprimi$  eyghtenne  payre 
of  hempten  sheets  and  six  paire  of  noggtn  sheets  vij".' — Inventory  .  .  . 
Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 
Cf.  Herden. 

(2)  adj.,  ohsoU.  dull;  stupid;  rough. — ^Pulvebbatch ;  Clee  Hills; 
Much  Wexlock  ;  Wellington.  *  A  noggen  mother's  better  than  a 
gowden  faither : '  so  said  old  Molly  Johnson  of  Wrockwardine,  then 
[1857]  in  her  ninety-fourth  year ;  she  was  speaking  of  a  young  family 
left  motherless,  and  she  gave  it  as  the  *  experience  of  life '  that  the 
homely  old  proverb  was  a  true  saying. 

VOOOEH-TSDDBD,  same  as  Voggle-yedded^  below.— Wem. 

VOOOETT  [nog'uti'j,  adj.  big ;  clumsy,  as  of  the  head  of  a  walking- 
stick. — PuLVERBATCH,  Arscott.  *  Han  yo*  sid  my  stick  ? '  •  No ;  whad 
sort  wuz  it — a  'ooked  un  ? '    *  No ;  a  iwggety-yedded  un.*   CI  Kobblety. 

HOGK}IiEK,  8b.f  obsols,  a  stupid  person ;  a  blockhead — Pulverbatcii. 
See  Voggling,  below. 

VOOOLE-TEDDED,  adj.,  ohtols.  thick-headed;  stupid. — Pulyer- 
BATCH.  "E*s  a  noggle-yedded  auf— nuthiu'  bettor.'  Cf.  Koggen- 
yedded,  above. 

VOOOLIKO,   ndj.f  ohsoU.  bungling;  blundering.  —  Pulvbrbatch. 

*  Well,  yo'  han  maden  a  nogglin*  job  o'  that,  any  ways.'  *  Whad  did*n*oe 
spect  different,  w*en  yo*  knowea  as  I  wuz  nuthin*  but  a  noggler  afore 
I  started  on  it*     See  Koggler,  above. 

VOO-H&H  [nog'mun],  «5.,  ohs.  a  country  weaver. — Pulvbrbatch. 
<  Poor  owd  Spake  [Speake]  the  nog^man  called  to  beg  a  spot  o*  drink ; 
it's  'ard  times  66th  'im  now  nobody  spins — 'e  tells  me  'e  gets  a  bit  o* 
vom  from  the  factory,  an'  waives  it  'imself,  an'  it  shoots  them  folks  as 
bin  too  lazy  to  spin  fur  tharselves.*  Sometimes  a  rope-maker  was 
called  a  nog-man. 

HO  OBEAT  SHAKES,  phr.  not  good  for  much ;  *  below  par.'    Com. 

*  *Ow  bin'ee,  Matty  ? — ^I  hauna  sid  yo*  this  lung  wilde.'  *  Well,  indeed, 
Fm  no  great  shakes ;  I*ve  bin  tossicated  ^th  one  thing  or  other,  the 
bwoy  breakin'  is  leg  an'  that — ^'e  met  as  well  a  bin  killed.' 

irOOSy  obsols.  same  as  Eerdes,  q.  y. — Pulvbrbatch  ;  Clee  Hills. 
Ber.  *  noggen '  (1). 


GLOSSARY   OF   ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   303 

HOVE,  ado.f  pee.  a  very  short  time ;  next  to  no  time,  as  of  going  or 
coming.  Com.  *  Now,  Ted,  I  want  yo'  to  run  a  narrand  for  me,  an' 
yo'  mun  be  none  away,  else  the  Maister  odl  be  'ere  afore  yo.* 

HOH-PLTJSH,  sb.,  var,  pr.,  pec.  a  position  of  difficulty  or  disad- 
vantage.— PuLVEBBATCH.  Qy.  com.  'Poor  owd  Mr.  Ambler!  *e 
wiiz  the  best  mon  i'  the  parish  5oth  'is  chem — 'e  66dna  see  a  poor 
neighbour  at  a  non-plush  fur  a  bit  o*  coal,  or  anythin'  else  as  men  or 
'orses  coulden  do.' 

VOVSICAL,  adj,f  var.  pr.  nonsensical — in  a  disagreeable  way. — 
PiTLVERBATCH ;  Wem.  *  Never  'eed  whad  that  fellow  says,  'e's  al'ays 
on  ooth  'is  nonsical  talk.' 

VOOK-SHOTTEV,  (1)  adj.  having  many  sharp  turns  and  angles.— 
Whitchitrch,  WhixalL  An  old  farmer  cautioned  a  certain  person 
against  taking  a  short  cut  across  some  fields  because  the  way  was 
very  -  neuk-ihottenJ 

*  — that  nook'ShoUen  isle  of  Albion.' 

K.  Henry  F.,  IV.  v.  14. 

'Layamon  [a.d.  1205,  circa]  has  the  word  nook  (angulus).  .  .  . 

.' The  poet,   speaking  of  a  mere,   says,   ''Feower 

noked  he  is.'*  .  .  .  There  are  some  other  common  words,  which  he 
is  the  first  English  writer  to  use.' — Sources  of  Standard  English, 
pp.  114,  115. 

(2)  part.  adj.  stationed — as  a  matter  of  idle  habit — ^in  the  chimney- 
comer: — *  Sich  a  neuk'Shotten  thing  inna  wuth  'er  saut' — ^Whitcitubch, 
TiUtock. 

*  Kate  sits  i'  the  neuk, 
Suppin'  hen  broo ; 
Deil  tak*  Kate, 

An'  she  be  a  noddin'  too.' 

BoBEBT  BuBirs,  Poems,  p.  276,  L  1,  c.  2. 

See  Oo  (12)  in  Grammar  Outlines  (voujelSf  &c.). 

HOOV-SFELL,«&.  the  labouring-man's  luncheon-time. — ^Wellington. 
Pegge  has  '  Noon-scape,  the  time  when  labourers  rest  after  dinner. 
Lane'     Cf  Bait. 

HOPE,  BTTB-VOPE  [noa-p],  sb.  Pyrrhula  ruhkilla,  the  Bullfinch. 
— Bridonobth.  Nope  =  ope  =  aupe^  and  avpe  :=  a/pe,  the  word  used 
for  bullfinch  in  the  following : — 

* ^nightingales, 

And  alpes,  and  finches,  and  wode- wales.' 

Rom,  of  the  Rose,  1.  658. 

'  To  philomell  the  next,  the  linet  we  prefer ; 
And  by  that  warbling  bird,  the  wood-larke  place  we  then. 
The  reid-sparrow,  the  nope,  the  red-breast,  and  the  wren.' 

Dbayton's  Folyolhion,  Song  xiii.,  in  Wr. 

Bandle  Holme  gives  '  Nope '  in  a  category  of  birds,  '  Canorous,  or 
of  a  Singinff  kind ; '  but  as  he  includes  *  Bulfinch '  also  in  the  same 
list,  he  probably  did  not  identify  them  as  being  one  and  the  same 
bird. — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  11.  ch.  xiii.  p.  309. 

*  Nope,  a  bulmnch.  Suff.'—PEOGE.  See  Alpe  in  Hal.  Cf.  Plum- 
budder. 


304  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK* 

VOPES,  sh.  pi.f  069.1  children, — a  term  employed  amongst  the  mining 

populatioB. — COLZJERT. 

Compare  £.E.  'knape;  A. 8.  cnapa;  O.Fris.  knapa;  0j3ax.  cnapo; 
O.IceL  knapij  a  hoy/  in  Stbat, 

VOS,  conj,,  pec,  than, — '  better  nor  that/ — Cleb  Hills  ;  Ludlow  ; 
Newport. 

•  **  &  more  nor  this,  he  dyes  for  your  Lone, 

Therfore,  Lady,  show  some  pittye."  * 

WiU  Stewart  and  John,  1.  83.     Percy  Folio  MS^ 
Tol.  iii.  p.  219»  ed.  Hales  and  FumiyalL 

*  For  some  few  bags  of  cash,  that  I  wat  weeU 
I  nae  nudr  need  nor  carts  do  a  tnird  wheeL' 

Allan  Ramsat,  The  Gentle  Shepherd,  lY.  ii.  p.  66. 

Ghrose  giyes  '  nor '  for  than  as  *  North*' 

HOBATIOV  [noar'ai'shun],  sb.  a  fussy,  discussional  talk  about  a 
matter, — 'much  ado  about  nothing.*  Clearly  an  oration  is  meant. 
Com.  *  Poor  owd  Nelly !  'er  went  off  yerra  s5odden  M5ond'y  wub- 
a-wik.  Ah  went  in  theer  o'  the  SSond^  eyenin*,  an'  as  soon  as  iyer 
Ah  looked  at  'er  Ah  seed  as  'er  were  tuk  for  dyeath,  an*  Ah  sez  to^'er 
daater,  '*  Merier/*  Ah  sez,  ^'  yer  M5other  looks  yerra  baad."  "  Eh ! "  'er 
sez,  "  Ah  dunna  think  as  *er  s  no  wus  till  wot  'er  'as  bin. "  "  Merier," 
Ah  sez,  '*  tae  moi  woord  fur  it,  *er*s  strook  fur  dyeath,  an'  yo'  'ad  ought 
to  sen*  fur  the  doctor — cither  the  doctor  or  the  paarson,"  Ah  sez,  **  fur 
theer^U  be  sich  a  noratwm  all  o'er  the  pleace  if  we  letten  'er  doi  wi'out 
annyun ;  "  an'  Ah  went  across  baack  agen  to  our  'ouse  an*  axed  moi 
Maester,  wud  'e  goo  fur  the  paarson  to  owd  Nelly  ? — an*  'e'd  taen  Is 
boots  off,  an'  were  j5ost  goom'  dop  the  steers,  an'  *e  sed,  *'  No,  they 
med  ^  thersens,* — an'  Ah  sez  to  'im,  '*  My  laad,"  Ah  sez,  **  Ah'U 
do  moi  dooty  by  owd  NeUy  as  Ah  expec'  to  'l^ye  someun  to  do  it  by 
may,"  an'  wi*  thaat  Ah  set  off  fur  the  Bector  mysen,  jSost  as  Ah 
were,  an'  dark  at  noight,  an*  twelye  o*clock  afore  e  raught  baack  to 
owd  Nelly*s,  an*  the  fus*  thing  as  *e  did — soon's  iyer  'e  got  in — *e  brot 
out  a  spot  o*  braandy  out*n  'is  pockit,  an'  'e  axed  me,  "Ad  Ah  iyer-a 
fresh  egg  i*  the  *ouseP"  an'  Ah  sed,  <*Eh  dear!  yes,  Sir,"  Ah  sez, 
**  plenty  o*  eggs ;  **  an'  *e  toud  me  to  breek  won  an'  part  the  yolk  fio' 
the  woite,  an  olend  it  5op  wi'  the  braandy ;  so  Ah  blent  it  &of  as  '0 
toud  me,  an*  'e  gi'ed  it  owd  Nelly  *issen,  an'  it  sim*d  to  ndonsh  *er 
loike,  an'  'er  continnied  on  till  momin*^  an'  went  off  yerra  quoite  j^ost 
after  we'd  'adden  our  brekfasses — Ah  knowed  *er  were  s<T6ok  fur 
dyeath  soon  as  iyer  Ah  seed  'er  o' tiie  S5ond*y  noight'  [Edgmond. 
1872]. 

VOSE  Tnoa'z],  v.  a.,  pec,  to  take  the  blossoms  off  black  cuirants  and 
gooseoerries  preparatory  to  preserying  them.  Q^.  com.  *  We  nceed 
about  eight  quaH»  o*  black  currants  after  ndlkin'  time,  an'  then  theer 
wuz  A  great  side-basket  o*  gooseb'ries  to  noee* 

XOTTAMT  [not'u'mi'],  sh,^  var.pr.  a  thin,  meagre  penson,— one  worn 
to  'skin  and  bone'  by  illness  or  worry;  an  anatomy.  It  was 
remarked  of  a  certain  *  faddy '  mistress,  concerning  her  maid-seryant, 
that  *  'er'd  werrited  the  poor  girld  till  'er  wuz  a  raS  nottamy  I ' 

HOW  JUST,  adv.  a  point  of  time  immediately  preceding  the  present 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC  305 

Com.     'Wy,  Maister,  w'eei'n'ee  bin?     The  Squire  wuz  'ere  now 
jest,  an'  wanted  to  see  you.*     CI  Just  now. 

VOWT  [nou*t],  sb,  nothing ;  naught :  a  tenn  employed  by  the 
rougher  class  of  speakers. — "Wjojjnqton  ;  Collieby  ;  Newfobt, 

'  l^an  was  ]>e  godwif  glad  *  and  gan  it  faire  kepe, 
)>at  it  want^  nouii  *  >at  it  wold  haue.* 

William  of  Paleme,  L  72. 

A.S.  ndwiJU,  naught. 

HVCHID,  part,  adj,,  ohs,  ?  stunted  in  growth  in  consequence  of 
haying  been  ill-fed  and  neglected :  said  of  animals. — Pulyebbatch  ; 
WoBTHEN.  '  That  pig  o'  Molly  Bobe'ts's  is  nuchid;  itll  never  come 
to  nuthin* .' 

Bay  giyes  '  NusVd,  Starred  in  the  bringing  up/  in  South  and  East 
Country  Words, 

See  Oh  (3)  in  Graminar  Outlinas  {consmanU,  &c.}.    Qt  Stoken. 

HTJITCLE  [nungk'l],  sh,  an  uncle.  *Dun  yo'  call  yore  Nunde  a 
noud  mon  P  W'y  my  Nunde  Ben  liyed  to  be  a  'undred  an'  two,  an' 
yore's  inna-d-above  four-score ! ' 

Mr.  Nares  says  that  Nunde  was  'originally  a  familiar  contraction  of 
mine  unde,  and  was  the  customary  apjjeUation  of  the  licensed  fool  to 
his  superiors.'  So  Shakespeare  has  it  in  K.  Lear,  L  iT.,y.,  where  the 
Fool  repeatedly  addresses  Lear  as  Nunde, 

Mr.  Nares  also  says  that  in  Beaumont  and  Fletcher^s  FUgrim,  TV,  i,, 
'when  Alinda  assumes  the  character  of  a  fool,  she  meets  Alphonso  and 
calls  him  nunde;  to  which  he  replies  by  calling  her  naunt,  by  a 
similar  change  of  aunt,*  Cf.  Kaint.  See  N  (1)  m  Grammar  Out- 
lines {consonants,  &c.). 

HTJVTT  [nun'ti'],  adj.  handy;  convenient. — Clbe  Hills.  *Ah! 
they  'adna  sich  nwnty  things  to  get  on  $6th  the  work  forty  'ear  ago.' 

HITBKEB  [nur'-kur'],  sb.  something  that  is  more  than  good — of 
superlative  worth  or  excellence. — ^Ludlow.  '  Whad  sort'n  a  milker's 
that  cow,  Maisterf  'Whad  sort'n  a  milker?  Wy  'er's  a  reglar 
nurker.* 

VUESEBT  [noi's'r'i'],  sb,,  pec.  a  nursling.— Wbm. 

WSS-BOWy  sb.  the  Shrewmouse.     Qy.  com.     See  Artiihrow. 

VTJTCKACBZB,  sb,  Sitta  Europoea,  the  Nuthatch.— Bbidgnobth. 

HXJVITU0U8  [nuvi'chus],  (1)  $b.,  o6*.1  a  rarity;  a  dainty;  a 
•  bonne-bouche.'— PuiiVEBBATOH ;  Wobthen,  Minsterley.  *  I  went  to 
see  poor  owd  Mrs.  Farley  o'  Wren'aU  [Wrentnalll  an'  'er  gid  me  a 
piece  o'  Marigold-cheese — it  wuz  a  nuvituous ;  I  hanna  sid  one  fur 
'ears.' 

(2)  adj,,  ohsols,  ?  nourishing. — Chuboh  Stbbtton. 


OAF.     See  Aufl 

OAK-BALL,  sb.  an  oak-apple. — Shbewbbubt.  Cf.  Chdl  (4).  See 
Bk.  IL,  Folklore f  &c.,  *  Customs  connected  with  Days  and  Seasons' 
(Twenty-ninth  of  May), 

X 


306  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

OAHED,  part,  adj,  made  hard  by  congestion  of  the  milk-dacte :  said 
of  a  cow's  udder.— WELLraroTOK ;  Wbm.  •  That  brind'ed  cow's  elder*  s 
badly  oaned:    See  Cans,  below.    Cf.  Pounded  (2). 

OAHS,  OOVS  [56-h'n'z1,  Pultirbatoh.  [oo-nzl  Chuboh  Strbttok, 
sh.  pi,  lumps  in  the  uader  of  a  cow,  consequent  upon  the  milk-ducts 
haying  been  overcharged.  *  Betty,  yo'  mun  rub  that  cow*8  elder, 
theer*s  oSna  in  it  as  *ara  as  a  stwun.* 

OASnrS  [oa'zinz],  sb.  chaff  mixed  with  light  grain. — Pulterbatch. 
'  Jack,  yo^  hanna  ^afe  winnud  that  com ;  I  got  a  blind-sieve  fftU  o* 
oa9in$  out  on  a  strike.'    See  below. 

OAZEZ,  sh.  pi,  light  grains  that  are  winnowed  out,  covered  with  the 
husk  or  chaff.— -Clee  Hills.    C£  Tail-ends. 

OB  [ob'],  sb.  a  third  swarm  of  bees  in  one  season  from  the  same 
hive.— Clee  Hills.    C£  Bunt  (2).    See  Play  (2),  also  Oast  (7). 

OBITCH*S  COWT.    See  Forty  sa'  one,  &c 

ODDLDTOS,  sb,  pi.  things  of  diverse  sorts  or  sizes. — Pulverbatch. 
*  Them  'tatoes  i'  that  wisket's  oddlirCsJ' 

*■  A  thread-bare  shark ;  one  that  never  was  a  soldier  yet  lives  upon 
lending  His  profession  is  skeldering  and  ocUing;  his  bank  Paul's^ 
and  his  warehouse  Pict-hatch.' — ^Ben  Jonson,  Every  Man  out  of  his 
Humour,  in  Nares.    See  Mr.  Naies'  Note  upon  it. 

OBB-MABK,  8b,f  obsols.  that  portion  of  the  arable  land  of  a  farm 
set  apart  for  a  particular  crop  as  it  comes  in  order  of  rotation  under 
the  customary  cultivation  of  the  farm.  Thus,  a  farm  on  the  '  four- 
course  '  system,  having  200  acres  arable  land,  apportioned  into  equal 
parts  for  grain  and  green  crops — ^as  wheat  followed  by  turnips,  barley 
or  oats  by  clover  or  vetches— would  have  50  acres  odd-fnark. — ^Clee 
Hills. 

OBBMEHTS,  sb.  ph  odds  and  ends.  Com.  <  The  Maister  bought  a 
lot  o'  oddments  at  the  sale  at  Betchcot;  some  on  'em  wun  useful 
enough,  but  the  most  part  wtm  rubbitch.' 

OBBS,  (1)  z;.  a.  to  alter;  to  set  to  rights. — Pulverbatoh;  Cravsit 
Arms.     '  We  mun  odds  this,  it  56nna  do  to  lave  it  athatn.' 

(2)  ih.  difference.  Com.  'To'n  find  the  odds  w'en  yo'  gwun  to 
another  plack.' 

[3)  adj,  different.    Com.    *  To'  bin  odds  to  me  if  yo'  can  drink  sich 
ly- vengeance  as  this.' 

O'EB-iJrnVST,  prep,  over  -  against  —  Weh  ;  Ellesxerb.  See 
Anunst. 

O'EB-OET,  (1)  V,  a,  to  escape,  as  by  trick  or  strategy. — Pulver- 
batoh ;  Clee  Hills  ;  Newport.  *  They  wun  jagffin  'un  off  to  jail, 
but  'e  managed  to  der-get  'em.'     Cf.  O'er-run  (1),  below. 

(2)  V.  a,  to  recover  firom ;  to  get  over. — ^Pulverbatch.  *  That 
child's  never  farly  o^er-got  the  maisles ;  theer's  bin  summat  lankerin' 
about  it  ever  sence.' 

O'EBrLOOKEB,  part,  adj,  bewitched;  spell-bound;  fascinated,  as 


belli 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  307 

by  an  'evil  eye.' — ^Pulveebatoh.  *I  should  think  we  wnn  o'er- 
looked  to  laye  the  Qreen  an*  oome  'ere— we'n  'ad  nuthin'  but  ill-luck 
eyer  senoe.' 

' Beshrew  jour  eyes, 

They  have  o^er-looVd  me  and  divided  me.' 

Merchant  of  Venice,  HI.  ii  15. 

Of.  Merry  Wive$  of  Windsor,  V.  v.  87.  See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &c., 
« Witchcraft.' 

O'ES-BTTH,  (1)  V.  a.  to  escape  by  flight.  Com.  "£  o'er^mn  me, 
else  'e'd  a  'ad  a  good  strappin'.'     Cf.  O'er-get  (1),  above. 

(2)  V,  a,  to  leave,  as  of  work,  or  some  unfinished  task.  Qy. 
com.  '  I'v'  bin  despert  onlucky  d6th  my  pou'trv  this  'ear ;  theer's 
three  'ens  o'er-ruf»  tnar  nists  after  the  eggs  wun  cnipped.' 

(TBS-SEElf, ^ar^.  o^y. blinded;  deluded;  deceived. — Pulverbatch; 
Clun;  Ellbsmere.  'Fur  my  part,  I  never  thought  'er  any  great 
sluJLes,  but  the  Missis  wuz  despertly  o'er-teen  in  'er. 

'  Thou,  CoUatine,  shalt  oversee  this  will ; 
How  was  I  overseen  that  thou  shalt  see  it ! ' 

Shakespeabe,  Lucrece,  L  1206. 

OSSTB  [oaor'ts],  prep,  in  comparison  to. — Pulvbrbatch.  'The 
corn's  frummer  i'  the  yed  oM»  as  last  'ear.'    Of.  ToArtd. 

OPF,  prep.,  pee.  from, — '  took  it  off  'im.'     Com. 

OFFIL  [ofil],  eb.,  var.  fir,,  pec.  e^erj  part  of  a  carcase  that  does  not 
oome  under  the  recognized  category  of  the  larger  pieces  and  joints, — 
as  of  a  pig,  all  but  the  flitches  and  hams. — ^Pulverbatoh  ;  Elles- 
MERE.  Qy.  com.  '  I  dunna  like  to  see  the  flitchen  cut  afore  Maf - 
Day,  an'  it  nee'na  be,  if  the  offU  is  used  carfuL'    See  Ohine  of  Pork. 

OILS  [ei'lz],  eh.  pi.,  pec.  lotions  and  liniments  of  all  kinds.     Com. 

OLD-OIBLy  ah.  an  '  old  maid.'    Com.    See  OirL 

OLD-MAH,  8b.  Southern-wood.  Com.  See  Lad's-love.  Cf.  Old- 
Woxnan. 

OLB-MAH'S-FLATTHIirO,  same  as  Bennet,  q.  v. — Jbid. 

OLD'TLTTSYLER,  sb.,  d.  the  ace  of  spades. — Clbb  Hiujs.  Cf. 
DeiTil's  Bedstead. 

OLD-WOMAH,  eb.  Artemisia  argentea,  Silvery  Wormwood. — Clun  ; 
Whitchitbch,  Tiktock.    GL  Old-man. 

OLLEBV,  eb.  Alntts  glutinasue,  the  Alder. — ^Corvb  Dale. 

*Alnu$,^  glossed  *€Ur,*  occurs  in  an  A. 8.  Vocabulary ^  zi.  cent.,  in 
Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i.  p.  79.    0£  Orl,  also  Owler. 

OMBER.    See  Homber. 

OH  [on*],  (1)  a  prefix  =  un.      See  On-meroifol,   On-tidy,   &c., 

below.    Qy.  com.  in  Mid.  and  8.  8hr.    It  is  an  old  form. 

X  2 


308  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  pe  wordes  achoUe  be  ised 
Wi)»e-oute  wane  and  edie ; 
And  onderatand,  hi  moje  bi  sed 
In  alle  manere  specba 

Ine  lede ; 
)>at  euerich  man  hi  siffge  mo^e 
And  cristny  for  nede. 

William  of  Shobeham  (a.d.  1307—1327). 
De  BaptUmo,  Specim,  Early  Eng.,  vL  L  66. 

(2)  prep,  ol     Com.     'They  tooken  out  on  'im,  or  else  Vd  a 
o'er-got  'em.' 

<  Were  such  things  here  as  we  do  speak  about? 
Or  haye  we  eaten  on  the  insane  root 
That  takes  the  reason  prisoner  ? ' 

Macbeth,  I.  iii.  82. 

(a)  prep,  in  combination  with  lay : — To  lay  on,  to  beat.  '  They 
laiden  on  the  poor  chap.* 

'.     .     .     Lay  on^  Macduff.' — Macbeth,  Y.  yiii.  33. 

(3)  adv,  in  combination  with  a  verb.    Ck>nL 

(a)  To  be  on,  (I)  to  work  or  bustle  about.  '  They  umn  on  aU  day 
lung.*    *  Now  yo'  bin  on,  bin  'ee  P ' 

(2)  to  talk  about,  usually  in  the  way  of  complaint.     '  *£'& 
bin  on  5oth  me  agen  about  that  cowt  gettin'  i'  the  fild.' 

{b)  To  come  on,  to  thriye ;  to  grow.  '  Yore  lombs  hanna  comen  on 
much.' 

(c)  To  go  on,  to  scold.  '  Dunna  gdd  on  to  the  child,  'er  couldna  'elp 
it.'     '  They  wenten  on  to  the  young  5dman  shamefuL' 

(d)  To  hold  on,  to  pause.     '  ^Oud  on,  Surrey,  tUl  I  come  up.' 

(e)  To  keep  on,  to  continue ;  persist  '  They  keppen  on,  an'  o5dna 
let  it  drop.' 

(/^  To  take  on,  (1)  to  feign.  '  'Er  took  on  as  'er  wuz  mighty  bad.' 
' 'E  took  on  'im  soft.'  To  take  on  eoft  is  to  assume  an  air  of 
hopeless  stupidity,  as  country  people  often  do  in  a  witness- 
box  when  callea  upon  to  giye  eyidence  upon  some  point 
which  they  wish  to  ignore. 

(2)  to  ffrieye;  to  lament.    '  'Er  took  on  sadly  w'en  a  toud'n 
'er  as  Yedut  wuz  djed.' 

{g)  To  think  on^  to  remember.  TU  buy  some  more  yam  o' 
Saturd'y,  if  I  can  thiiik  on.^    Of.  Bemember. 

ONBEAB  [onbaer'*],  t;.  a.  to  remoye  the  stratum  of  earth  lying  oyer 
the  stone :  a  quarrying  term. — Oluk  ;  Bbtdokoiith.    0£  Barin'. 

OVBEAEIHO  [onbaer'-in],  sb,  a  superincumbent  weight — ^PuLyER- 
BATCH ;  Oluk  ;  Bbidonoiith.  *  That  beam's  despert  wek  for  sich  a 
onbearirC, 

OKCOMMOH,  adv.,  pec.  yery.  —  Shrewsbury  ;  PuLyERBATCH  ; 
WoETHEN.  Qy.  com.  *  I'll  tak'  a  bit  more,  if  yo'  plaisen,— yore 
piiddin's  onoommon  good.' 

'  Wi'   that  I  pulled  my  yittles  out,  and  zat  a  horse-barck,  atin 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  309 

of  'em,  and  oncommon  good  they  was.' — B.  D.  Blacehore,  Lorna 
Doone,  A  Bomance  of  Exmoor,  p.  243,  ed.  1878. 

OHBEHIABLE,  adv.  very;  extremely, — ''er's  ondenlable  spicy.' — 
Shrewsbtjby;  Pulye&batch;  Worthen.    Qy.com. 

OHDEB  [oa-ndur'],  (1)  sb,,  ohsols,  the  afternoon.  In  places  where 
this  term  obtains  the  day  is  divided  into  morning,  middle  of  the  day, 
ondcTy  and  night.  '  I  tnonght  to  a  finished  the  f&t  o'  my  stockin' 
this  andevt  an*  now  it's  aumiist  six  o'clock  at  ni^ht,  an'  it  inna  done. 
I've  been  despert  linty.'  The  word  onder  Isb.'j  is  used  more  or  less 
throughout  the  tcutem  half  of  Shropshire.  A  Ime  drawn  from  Ei<le8- 
HERE  to  Middle,  thence  to  Pulverbatch,  and  on  to  Ludlow  would 
roughly  determine  its  range  on  that  side. 

Mx,  Gamett  says,  *  This  word  [onder]  appears  in  our  glossaries  in 
nine  or  ten  different  shapes^  all  equally  corrupt.  The  mie  form  is 
undorUy  or  undem;  Goth,  undaum,  A.S.  undem,  G.  untem.  The 
word  is  sagaciously  referred  by  Schmeller  to  the  prep.  unteTf  anciently 
denoting  Mween  [cf .  Sansk.  antar,  Lat.  inter,  the  true  co^ates  of  our 
under'j,  q.  d.  the  intervening  period ;  which  accounts  for  its  sometimes 
denoting  a  part  of  the  forenoon,  or  a  meal  taken  at  that  time,  and 
sometimes  a  period  between  noon  and  sunset.  It  occurs  in  the  former 
sense  in  Ulphilas,  undaumi-mat  [lit.  undemmeat],  Luc.  xiv.  12 ;  in 
the  latter  in  the  Edda  [Yoluspa],  where  the  gods  are  said  to  have 
divided  the  day  into  four  parts — myrgin,  morning ;  mitheandcig,  noon ; 
undern,  afternoon;  a/ian,  evening.'---GARNETT's  Philological  EssayB^ 
p.  59.    Cf .  Evening. 

(2)  V,  n.,  ohwls,  to  continue  to  work  well  in  the  after  part  of  the 
day. — Graven  Arms,  Norton ;  Corve  Dale,  Stanton  Lacey.  *  '£'s  a 
rar  chap  for  work  i'  the  momin',  but  'e  dunna  onder  well.' 

^3)  V.  n.,  ohwls.  to  go  down:  said  of  the  sun. — Pulverbatch. 
le  sun's  beginnin'  to  onder. ^ 

OVDEB'S-BATTK    See  Onder,  above,  and  Bait.    Cf.  Fonr-o'olock. 

ONE  DOG,  OVE  BULL,  phr.  signifies  '  fair  play.'  —  Colliery. 
This  saying  had  its  rise  in  the  practice  of  bull-baiting — a  brutal 
custom  which  lingered  on  in  Shropshire  till  about  the  year  1841.  The 
BMriiM  is  stiU  l£e  name  of  a  small  space  in  Ludlow,  at  the  top  of 
Corve  Street. 
See  Bk.  U.,  Folklore,  &c.,  'Wakes,  Fairs,'  &c. 

OVB-WAY-DBiNK,  ab.  beer  of  medium  quality  which  contains  the 
full  strength  of  the  malt  and  hops  apportioned  to  it — no  ale  having 
been  first  drawn,  nor  weaker  beer  afterwards  made,  firom  the  brew. — 
Pulverbatch;  Worthen.  Qy.  com.  *Tak'  a  jug  an'  draw  some 
one-way^drink  for  the  wilrit.' 

OVOADT,  ry  adj.  awkward  ;  inconvenient. — Pulverbatch  ;  Clee 
Hills.  '  To'n  find  that  ampot  mighty  ongain  I  doubt ;  for  whad  yo' 
wanten  it's  too  big  a  power.'    See  Gain  (2).    Cf.  Ungain. 

(2)  adj.  intractable. — Ibid.  'This  pony's  so  ongain  I  canna  get  it 
nigh  the  'orse-block.'     See  Gain  (3). 

OHHTTMAH,  UHHITMAir  [oneu'munl  Pulverbatch.  [uneu'mun], 
Ellesmbre,  adv.  extraordinarily.  *  I*oor  fellow !  'e*8  onnuman  thin ; 
'e's  gwun  to  nuthiri'  but  skin  an*  bwun. ' 


•TlM 


} 


310  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

0HLES8,  eonj.  unless. — Pulvkrbatch;  Worthen.  Qy.  com.  in 
8.  8hr,  *  I  wuz  £5d&st  to  g6d  alung  5dth  'er ;  'er  said  onless  I  went 
'er  naint  55dua  loose  'er  out.* 

'  At  this  court,  for  ayoyding  a  oontrouersye  betwext  John  wigley 
and  John  Chepp  ooncemmg  the  right  vse  of  a  way  at  a  plaoe  called 
the  water-b^de,  Bichard  Gfenins  and  G^rfi;e  ffaulkoner,  produced  in 
court  as  witnesses  for  and  on  the  beha&  of  John  'Wigley,  being 
sworn  before  the  stuard  and  homage,  depose  and  say  as  followeih. 
L  Bichard  Genins  sajrth  that  Margery  Davies,  sometime  dwelling  on 
Chep  Street,  wold  not  remove  her  habitacion  ovla^  she  might  baue 
away  oonyeniently  and  ouietly  to  passe  from  the  kings  him  way  to 
and  firom  a  pasture  called  Hadwell,  &c. — '  The  Boll  of  the  Uourt  Leet 
of  the  Manor  of  Bromfield,  Shropshire,  for  the  2nd  October  in  the 
4th  year  of  James  I.  (1607).'  EnglUh  G%ld$,  Their  Statutes  and 
CuetwM,  £.  E.  T.  S. 

OHLTTCKT,  mTLXrCET  [onluk'i'],  Pulvbrbatoh  ;  Worthek.  [un- 
luk'i'],  Ludlow;  Ellesice&e,  adj\  In  one  or  other  of  these  forms 
the  term  is  general,  meaning  mischieTOUB,  as  appUed  to  bad  boys,  or 
to  cows,  &o.  breaking  fence. 

(1)  *  Theer's  that  onlxuky  bwoy  bin  chuokin'  stwuns  agen  at  them 
gis,  an's  broke  one  o*  thar  wings.'    Of.  Ontidy. 

(2)  '  The  cow's  so  (yrducky  'er*s  f55ftst  to  'Sye  a  yok  on.*     Sometimee 
they  say,  '  'Er^s  got  'er  onlucky  baids  on ' — ^referring  to  the  yoke. 

OntEBCIFTJLLT,  adv.^  pee,  excessivBly;  extraordinanly. — Pulvkr- 
batch. <I  should  think  yo'  han  got  a  rig  out  this  May — yo*  bin 
cnmercifuUy  fine.' 

OmiO,  V.  a.  and  v.  n.,  ohsoUA  to  undress. — Pulverbatch  ;  Wem. 
'  Now,  MissiB,  dinner's  waytin'.'  '  Well,  gie  me  time  to  onrig  ;  yo*  bin 
in  a  despert  'urry ;  yo'd'n  better  '&ye  the  dinner  to  meet  one  'aJd  way 
to  church.* 

0H8H00TY,  adj,  uneven ;  irregular. — Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  in 
8.  8hr,  '  Ow  bin  y^ore  turmits  this  time  P  *  '  Well,  they  bin  mighty 
onehoGty ;  they'n  missed  five  or  six  huts  together.' 

OVBHUT  [onshaet*  and  onshut*],  %:a,  to  unyoke  the  horses  from  the 
implements. — Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  '  Yo'd'n  better  mk^hft  an' 
g56  wham ;  it  inna  fit  for  mon  or  'orse  to  stond  out  i'  this  rain.' 

Oompare  ^ ouKhet^ — explained  as  'un-shut,  «.  e,  opened' — ^in  the 
followmg : — 

'  Gymp  gerraflouris  thar  royn  levys  otucAet, 
Fresdi  prymross,  and  the  purpour  violet.* 
Gawin  Douolas  (A.D.  1613),  Prol.  of  the  XTI,  Buk  of  Eneadoe. 

Specim.  Eng.  L\t.y  xiii.  L  121. 
See  Shut  (1)  and  (5). 

OVTIDT,  VHTIDT  [ontei-di'],  Pulverbatch;  Worthen.  [un- 
teidi*],  Ludlow;  Ellesbcsre;  adj,  loose  or  depraved  in  habits.  As 
with  *  Onlucky,'  so  with  this  term — ^whether  the  prefix  take  the  form 
of  *on'  or  *un'— it  is  current  throughout  the  county,  *QaUueC 
*  Onlucky,'  *  Ontidy '  are  the  three  degrees  of  comparison  as  regards 
ill  conduct,  ontidy  beinff  the  superlatively  bad.  *  Them  three  voung 
youths  bin  bad  uns — Jack's  as  gcdluB  a  dog  as  ever  lived,  Sam  s  that 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.    311 

onlueky  V  8  al'ays  in  some  lumber,  but  Turn's  right  OTttidy  ;  I  doubt  'e'll 
stretch  a  auter  some  day.' 

•On-tydy  Intemptatua  (irUempttu,  du'n4ipua,  intemperatua,),*  — 
Prompt,  Farv, 

OITWEEDY,  adj.  soon  done  or  got  through. — Church  Stretton. 
« Missis,  that  flour^s  bin  mighty  onweedy ;  it*s  done  a'ready. '  Of.  Weedy. 

Sol,  «6.,  var,  pr.  wool.    Com.  in  Mid.  and  8,  Shr,    *  Al'ays  strokes  'er 
the  right  way  o*  the  d8l.  Miss/  said  an  old  fanner,  who  wished  to 
point  out  to  a  young  lady  how  it  was  he  got  on  so  well  with  his  wife. 
See  W  (2)  in  GhraSnxnar  OatlixieB  (ccnaonanUj  &c.). 

dOLEBT,  sh.  an  owl, — ^the  tenn  is  applied  geneiically.     Qy.  com. 

One  night  in  the  early  part  of  the  present  century  a  certain  Alick 
Toung  lost  his  way  in  the  Eastridge  Oopny.  He  cried  out,  'Lost, 
lost !  *  in  the  hope  of  being  heard,  and  of  gaining  hel^.  A  voice 
replied,  '  Who-o-o.*  *  Alick  Yoimg,  the  saddler.  Sir,  of  Minsterley,' 
said  he.  *  Who-o-o,'  repeated  the  voice.  Again  the  man  answered 
as  before,  and  again  came  the  *  Who-o-o.'  Alick  Toung  in  some 
wav  recovered  the  lost  path,  and  himself  told  the  story  of  how  he 
had  answered  an  '  iSdlerfs  who  f '  in  Eastridge  Coppy. 

There  is  a  Shropshire  saying — '  I  live  too  nigh  the  56d  to  be  afeard 
of  a  ddleH,* 

AS.  ule;  IceL  ugla;  Qterm.  eule;  Lat.  nltUa;  an  owl. 

'  Uulula.    An  owle  or  howlet.' — Diet,  Etym,  Lat, 

See  Billy.liooter.    0£  Owlerd. 

OOLEBT-HOTH,  ah,  one  of  the  order  Lepidoptera  Noctuidee,  believed 
to  be  Flusia  gamma,  Qamma  Moth. — PuLVERBATCH.  The  local  name 
of  *  ddlert*  is  j)robably  given  to  this  moth  from  its  nocturnal  habits. 
Flying  about  in  the  dusk  of  autumn  evenings,  it  often  at  such  times 
finds  its  way  into  dwelling-houses. 

OOLLEHLT,  adj,,  obsoh.  simple-minded ;  credulous. — Pulverbatch. 
'I  al'ays  liked  Tummas  as  a  neighbour;  'e  wuz  a  good-natured, 
SdUenly  mon — ^if  'e  couldna  do  no  gCHDd,  'e'do  no  'arm.' 

SdHBTA  BE  BALD,  phr.  won't  be  advised.  Qy.  com.  <  I've  toud 
'er  an'  toud  *er  whad  that  fellow  wuz,  but  'er  ddnna  be  aaidy  an'  now 
'er's  got  to  sup  sorrow  by  spodntles.' 

OOVS,  (1)  See  Ky  Sons. 
(2)  See  OAiis. 

OdllT,  ab,  a  mole. — Pulverbatch;  Worthbn;  Much  Wenlock; 
CoRVE  Dale.  Qy.  com.  in  8,  8hr.  *  If  yo'  wanten  a  fftfn^y-skin.pus, 
yo'  shoulden  gdd  to  owd  Wilkes,  the  rot-ketcher;  'e  ketches  dt^nta  an* 
stoats  an'  po'-cats  an'  all  sorts  o'  varmint.' 

*  Talpa/  glossed  '  wont,*  occurs  in  a  Metrical  Vocabulary,  perhaps 
xiv.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabe.,  vol.  i.  p.  177. 

*  AS.  wand;  want^ont),  talpa,* — Strat. 

Of .  Kouldiwort.  oeeauh  voceVlen.  See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &c., 
*  Superstitions  concerning  Animals '  {molea), 

SdnTT-TTJKF,  ab.  a  wanty-tump,  —  a  mole -hill.  —  Ibid.  Sec 
Tmnp  (1). 


312  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK« 

SOSTED,  sh.  a  term  used  to  denote  quickness. — Pulverbatch; 
Chxtbgh  Stbetton;  Oleb  Hills.  'They  wenten  like  the  ddsUd.^ 
'  They  erowen  like  the  ddgted,^  The  notion  of  a  ball  of  worsted  (pro- 
nouncea  ddttUd)  set  free  in  rapid  motion  m  it  falls  and  rolls  away  from 
a  knitter  is  said  to  be  impliea  in  this  curious  expression. 

OdT,  wilt :  used  elliptically  for  '  wilt  thou.'  See  OTUmiuir  Out- 
lines, vtrh  Will,  p.  IxY. 

'  Ketch  out,  Wi  f  *  The  speaker  was  one  of  two  boys,  who,  toiling 
up  the  Wyle  Cop  (Shrewsbury)  under  the  weight  of  a  heavy  basket 
ox  clothes,  had  set  down  their  load,  and,  after  resting  for  a  few 
seconds,  were  about  to  resume  it  Just  as  tiie  boy  spoke,  two  clergy- 
men passed.  '  Did  you  hear  that.  Sir  P '  said  the  younger  one  to  his 
companion,  the  Bey.  William  Gh>rsuch  Bowland.  'No;  what  was 
itP'  'The  boy  said.  Sir,  '*Kdch  oirf,  ««;"— take  hold,  wilt  thou?' 
This  incident  occurred  in  1846. 

Odt  s>  M.E.  wolt.  See  Db.  Morbis's  Eutancal  Evglish  Accidence^ 
p.  187. 

OOTES  [oo'tur*],  same  as  Haitener,  q.  v. — Clee  Hills;  Wem. 
Hotter  =  heater  is  meant    See  Hot.    A.S.  hdi, 

OOZT  [oo-zi'],  adj,^  pee.  dull;  sluggish. — Wbm;  Whitchurch; 
Ellesmebe.  '  That  wench  dunna  seem  to  oss  yery  well,  'er's  that 
oozy  'er  hanna  won  bit  o'  stir  in  'er — 'er^s  as  lazy  as  Ludlam's  dog  that 
laid  'im  down  to  bark.' 

Bay  giyes  this  quoted  proyerb  '  with  a  diiferenoe ' — '  that  lean'd  his 
head  against  a  wall  to  bark.' — ^p.  219. 

OPPLE,  «6.,  var,  pr.  an  apple.     Qy.  com. 

OPPLK-GOB,  sh.  a  dumpling  made  by  enclosing  an  apple  in  a  lump 
of  dough,  and  boiling  it — Shbewsbuby;  Cbaven  Abms;  Olvn; 
Wem.    Of.Ck)b(l). 

OPPLE-SCOPPLE,  V.  n.  to  scramble  for  sweetmeats,  as  children  do. 
— Clxtn. 

OBL,  same  as  OUern,  q.  y. — ^Ludlow,  Herefd,  Border,  There  is  a 
yillage  called  Orleton  a  few  miles  to  the  S.  W.  of  Ludlow,  but  in  Here- 
forddure. 

OKNARY,  (1)  adj. J  var.  pr,  inferior;  ordinary.  Com.  *Whad! 
Jack's  a-wham  agen — ^I  thought  *e  went  to  the  Bonk.'  '  Aye,  but  the 
liyin'  theer  wuz  so  omary,  the  bwoy  couldna  stop.' 

(2)  «5.,  var.  pr.  a  public  dinner  for  femners  attending  the  markets; 
an  '  ordinary ' — a  *  table-d^hote.*  Com.  *  A  poor  far,  f  doubt — theer 
wus  a  despert  fi'eow  at  the  Unicom  omary.* 

'Ladies'  Obdikaby. — At  the  TaJhot  on  Tuesday ,  the  Baven  on 
Wednesday,  the  Tidhot  on  Thursday,  and  the  Raven  on  Friday.* 

'Gentlemen's  Obdinaby. — ^At  the  Raven  on  Tuesday,  the  TalM 
on  Wednesday,  the  Raven  on  Thursday,  and  the  Talbot  on  Friday.* — 
From  a  '  Correct  list '  of  Shrewsbury  Baces  in  1774,  reprinted  in 
Salopian  Shreds  and  Patches,  yol.  i.  p.  68. 

'  Ordinaire,  maison  oxi  Ton  donne  &  manger.  An  ordinary ;  an 
eating-house.  Jusqu'A  quand  mangerai-je  a  Vordinaire  f  How  long 
shaJl  I  eat  at  the  ordinary  $  * — Chamb. 


f 


GLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  313 

OBT  [atur't'],  v,  a.  to  pick  out  the  best  part  of  a  mess  of  food  and 
leave  the  rest — *  the  pig  oris  *iB  mate.' — Glee  Hills. 

Jamieson  giyes  '  To  Ort,  v.  a.   To  throw  aside  proyender.'     Of. 
Mam.mook  (1).    See  below. 

CRTS,  sb,  pi,  broken  meat ;  scraps ;  fragments  that  are  left — ^not, 
like  *  mammocks,'  in  a  worthless  state — but  fit  to  be  eaten.  Com. 
'To'  bin  too  nice,  a  power;  if  yo'  canna  ate  good  arta  from  the 
Maister's  table,  yo'  mun  clem  tell  yo'  binna  so  bally-proud.' 

*  Let  him  have  time  a  beggar's  oris  to  crave, 
And  time  to  see  one  that  by  alms  doth  live 
Disdain  to  him  disdained  scraps  to  give.' 

Shakespeabe,  Xucrece,  L  985. 

See  Troiliu  and  Cremda,  Y.  ii.  158. 

*  Evening  orU  are  good  morning  fodder.'     *  To  make  oris  of  good 
hay.'—EAY's  Proverbs^  pp.  103,  205. 

•  OrtuB,  releef  of  beestys  mete.    Bamentum.^ — Prompt  Parv, 
See  OrU  in  Wedo. 

OSS  [os*],  (1)  V,  a.  to  offer;  to  attempt.  Com.  *  'Er'U  never  oss  to 
piit  any  thin'  in  its  place  as  lun^  as  'er  can  get  through  'em.' 

Bay  gives  '  Oasing  comes  to  bossing '  as  a  '  Cheshire '  proverb :  he 
ezphuns  ' aasing*  as  'offering  or  aiming  to  do.' — ^p.  48. 

(2)  V.  n.  to  show  promise  ;  to  *  shape.'    Com.     '  I  think  the  chap 
knows  his  work,  'e  oeses  prel^  well.'     Cf.  Ause.     See  below. 

OSSMEHT,  ab,  attempt,  as  indicative  of  skill — Shrewsburt  ;  Vvh- 
VERBATCH ;  OswESTRT.  '  I  doubt  'ell  never  do  no  good — I  dunna 
like  'is  OBsmeni,' 

OXFEIT.    See  Awkward. 

OUT,  adv.,  pec.  away  from  home,  as  upon  an  excursion  or  a  visit.  '  I 
shall  be  out  for  three  weeks.'    Com. 

OUT  AT  TACK.     See  Taok  (3). 

OUTCAST,  sb.  the  surplus  weight  or  measure  gained  by  millers  and 
maltsters  in  converting  wheat  and  barley  into  flour  and  malt.  Qy. 
com.    See  Weights  and  Measures,  pp.  Izzxvi,  Ixxzviii. 

OUTRACK,  sb.f  obsols,  a  tract  of  land,  formerly  waste. — Fulver- 
BATCH.  The  name  still  lingers  on,  but  l^e  outr(ick,  as  such,  is  a  thing 
of  the  past.  There  were  three  ouiracks  in  thejparish  of  Church  Pul- 
verbatcn,  viz.,  Pulverbatch,  Wilderley,  and  WrentnalL  They  were 
uninclosed  lands  leadine  from  the  cultivated  ground  to  open  common. 
The  Pulverbatch  outracK  abutted  at  one  end  on  '  Waken '  [Oaken] — a 
sheep-walk — and  at  the  other  upon  Cothercot  Hill ;  the  Wilderley 
one  led  up  to  the  hiUs  which  stretch  towards  the  Longmynd ;  and  the 
Wrentnail  one  oi)ened  out  on  Longden  Common.  Tne  farmers  held 
the  privilege  of  turning  their  animals — sheep,  cattle,  or  ponies — into 
these  ouircKks,  and  from  thence  to  the  hills  or  common.  When  the 
flocks  and  herds  were  taken  off  the  common,  they  were  driven  into 
the  wUrcukSy  which  were  tiien  closed  at  the  opposite  end  hj  a  gate  or 
barrier  of  some  kind,  in  order  to  keep  the  animals  withm  boimds, 
while  the  work  of  separating  them  was  carried  on  by  their  respective 
owners. 


314  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

The  ofOracks  are  now  enoloeed :  the  Pnlyerhatch  one  has  more  than 
one  small  freehold  within  its  boundaries.  Comfortable  homesteads  at 
this  date  (1874)  occupy  the  place  of  the  '  wa^e  and  dab'  tenements 
erected  by  the  early  settlers  on  the  waste :  one  of  these  primitiTe 
dwelling-places  was  standing  in  the  year  1858  or  thereabouts  It  had 
been  occupied  by  the  same  fiunily  of  Roberts  from  fiither  to  son 
through  many  generations. 

The  first  acknowledgment  of '  manorial  rights '  made  by  the  dwellers 
on  the  outrack  was  late  in  the  eighteenth  century,  when  John  Fletcher 
was  required  to  pay  to  the  Manor  of  Oondoyer  eighteen  pence  per 
annum  for  his  house  and  the  ground  then  attached  to  it. 

Jamieflon  has  *  Out-rake,  An  extonsiye  walk  for  sheep  or  cattle.' 
See  Outrake  in  E.  D.  S.,  B.  yii    Of.  Back.    See  Ohimley-Jawm. 

OutJUDES,  eh.,  pee.  a  commercial  trayeller.  Com.  *  W'eei's  young 
Blakeway  now  ? '    *  '£*s  gwim  to  be  outrider  to  some  Lunnon  'oose.' 

OYALy  OTIL  [oa-vull,  Whitchubch.  [oa-vil],  PuLysBBATCH ; 
Worthen;  Wem,  aaj.  conceited;  self-complacent;  supercilious. 
'  Did^n'ee  see  Bill  Jones,  'ow  avil  'e  wuz  in  'is  new  shoot  ? — 'e  thinks 
'isself  somebody  now  'e's  a  bwun-polisher.' 

OVEH-PEEL,  same  as  Peel,  q.  y.    Com. 

'  Strong  fire^oyel  and  poker,  and  oven-peel,* — Auetumeer'e  CaiaU)ffue 
(Church  Stretton),  1877. 

OVEff-PIKEL,  8b,  same  as  Fire-fork,  q.  y.    Com.    See  PikeL 

OTEff-SWEEP,  OYEVSWOOP,  sb,  same  as  Malkin  (1).— PuLysRr 
BATCH.  '  If  yo'  putton  the  oven-eweep  o*  the  dairy-pegs,  yo'n  a  the 
Missis  after  yo\'    A.S.  o/en,  oyen ;  and  ewdpan^  to  sweep,  brush. 

OVEEOVE  FoyuVoay],  part  past,  oyer-hoye  =  oyer-risen :  said  of 
bread  which  has  fermented  too  much  when  in  the  dough,  and,  as  a 
consequence,  runs  flat  in  the  oyen  instead  of  rising. — FiTJ«KflifKRK 

OYES-EIHD  [oy-ur'eind],  PuLysBBATCH.  [oyni^ind],  Ellbsmbrs, 
part,  adj,  a  loaf  which  has  so  risen  in  the  oyen  as  to  leaye  a  hollow 
space  between  the  top  crust  and  the  body  of  the  loaf  is  said  to  be 
over-rind ;  and  is  caused  by  an  excess  of  yeast,  or  by  unsound  flour. 

0VEBWEE8T  [oa'yurVeest],  part,  adj,  completely  coyered  with 
liquid.— Wem  ;  Ellesmebb.  *  I  say,  Mary,  dunna  yo'  forget  to  see 
as  that  pork's  overweeet  i'  the  brine.'  A.S.  o/er,  oyer ;  and  weean,  to 
macerate,  soak. 

OTIL.     See  Oral,  above. 

OWB  LAD,  OWD  HICK,  OWD  SCEAT,  tb,  respectiye  soubriquets 
for  the  Devil,  of  which  the  first  two  are  most  in  recniisition.  Com. 
*  Jack,  65n  yo'  ff66  a  narrand  fur  me  to-night  ?--vo'o6nna  be  afeard 
o'  the  Owd  Laa  ketehin'  yo'.'  <  Oh  no  I  ^ussis,  I  amma-d-afeard  o' 
'im,  'e's  lookin*  after  somebody  as  'e  inna  so  sure  on.' 

'  O  Thou  !  whatever  title  suit  thee, 
Auld  Homie,  Satan,  Nick,  or  Clootie.' 

Bobebt  Bubns,  Poems,  p.  31, 1.  2. 

OWD  LAD'S  COEH,  same  as  Devil's  oorn,  q.  v.  —  Shbkwsbubt, 

rffit)gton. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  315 

OWLEB,  eh,  the  Alder. — ^Wellinoton;  Wem.  There  is  a  place 
near  Wem  called  '  The  Owlera,*  and  a  road  called  the  '  Owlery  IjEine.' 
See  Orl.    Of.  Woller. 

OWLESD,  «6.,  var,  pr.  an  owl  not  quite  fully  grown ;  an  owlet. — 
CoBVE  Dale,  '^em  owls  an'  mvlerday  they  liyen  in  a  bam,  an' 
theer  they  sitten  on  a  beam :  by-w'iles  they  sin  a  mouze  an'  they 
droppen  on  'im,  an'  ketchen  'im,  an'  gotten  'im  i'  their  baik,  an' 
chawen  'im,  an'  squaigen  'im,  an'  cruehen  'im,  an*  sdoken  'im  till 
theer  inna  nuthin*  left  on  'im,  an'  then  they  droppen  the  quid.'  Cf. 
ddlert 

OWVEB  [oa-nur'],  sh.,  obgoU,^  a  proprietor  of  barges. — Shrews- 
bury; Bridgnorth.  This  term  is  often  used  as  a  prefix  of  title, 
much  as  one  would  say,  *  Captain  So  and  So.'  *  I  see  them  three 
barges  of  Owner  Lowe's  bin  lyin'  alung  side  Erankwell  Varf  yet,  I 
s'pose  a  bin  waitin  fur  a  rise  i  the  riyer.' 

*  Ow{n)ere  of  a  sohyp,  or  sohyp-lord.    Navarchti»* — PtompU  Paw, 

See  Trowman. 

OX-ETE,  sh.  the  Great  Titmouse. — ^Bridgnorth.  See  Black-headed 
Tomtit. 

0X8L0P  [ok'slopl,  ah.,  var.  pr.  Primula  ddtior^  Oxlip  Primrose. — 
Shrewsbury;  EiLlesmere. 

'  I  know  a  bank  where  the  wild  thyme  blows. 
Where  md%p9  and  the  nodding  yiolet  grows.' 

Midsummer  NighVs  Dream,  JL  i.  250. 

See  Skeat's  Eiym,  Diet.    Cf.  Gowslop. 


PACK,  (!)«&.,  obsols.  twenty  stones  of  flour, — ^a  survival  probably  of 
the  old  custom  of  conveyance  by  pack-horses.— Market  Drayton, 
Cheshire  Border.    See  Weights  and  Measures,  p.  Ixxxv. 

(2)  sb.  a  pedler^s  bundle,  as  of  dress-pieces,  tea,  &a^^HREWBBURY ; 
PULVERBATOH ;  Etj.esmkre.    Qy.  com. 

'  A  small  pack  becomes  a  small  pedler.' 

ka.y'b  Proverbs,  p.  157. 
Du.  Gterm.  pack,  a  bundle. 

PACK-(H>ODS,  sb.  the  dress-pieces  or  such  like,  carried  in  the  pack. 
— Ibid.  *  I  dunna  think  it's  wuth  w'ile  makin'  up  sich  poor  slaizy 
stuff,  yo'  met'n  potch  straws  through  it — it's  al'ays  the  case  doth 
pack-goods.* 

PACKKAH,  ab.  a  pedler  who  carries  a  pack. — Ibid.  '  Some  folks 
thinken  they  get  great  bargains  off  the  packmen,  but  I  dunna  like 
thar  flaunty  trash,  so  I  never  'arbour  'em  nor  taymen — ^g56  to  a  good 
shop,  I  say,  an'  then  yo'n  be  used  welL' 

PACK-STAPF,  sb.  a  pedWs  staff,  serving  the  two-fold  purpose  of 
supporting  his  pcuk,  and  of  a  cloth- yaid  for  measurinc^  his  pack- 
goods. — ^Ellesmere.  '  As  plain  as  a  pack-staff*  is  an  old  proverbial 
simile  almost  sui)erseded  at  the  present  day  by  the  equally  appro- 
priate, *  as  plain  as  a  pike- staff.' 


316  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  Not  riddle-like,  obecnring  their  intent. 
But  padc^iaffe  plaine,  uttering  what  thing  they  meon.' 

ILaix*8  SaiireSf  ProL  to  Bk.  iii.,  in  Naree. 

PADDLE  [pad'l],  (1)  sb,,  obs,  a  small  spade-like  implement  which  was 
attached  to  the  plough  for  the  purpose  of  clearing  the  soil  from  the 
'  breast*  when  it  beoone  dogged.  Com.  Called  plough-pcuUUe  more 
frequently. 

'  The  Plow  Staff  and  Paddle,  by  which  the  Man  cleaneth  the  Plow 
from  clogged  Earth  or  Mould.* — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  di. 
Tiii.  p.  333. 

(2)  $b.  a  small  crescent-shaped  spade  used  by  mole-catdiers. — 
Wellinqtoit. 

PAHAXnr  [panai^kin],  «&.,  obsoU.'i  a  very  small  pan,  beforetime 
called  a  '  pimpert,'  q.  T. — ^Pttlyzbbatch. 

PAHVEL,  sb.,  obs,  a  pillion. — Bishop's  Castlb.  Some  old  people 
in  this  locality  at  the  present  day  [1875]  remember  the  pannH  bemg 
in  use. 

*  The  tow  Stables  one  pannel  .  .  .' — Inventory  .  .  .  Owlbury  Manor- 
House,  Bishop*s  Castle,  1625. 

"'  &  on  OUT  Mill  horsses  full  swift  wee  wyl  ryd, 
with  pillowes  &  pannelU  as  wee  shall  proyyde." ' 

Kinge  and  Miller,  1.  174.    Percy  Folio  MS,, 
Tol.  ii.  p.  155,  ed.  Hales  and  FumiTalL 

'  Pannell  to  ryde  on,  batz,  panneau,* — Palsgrave,  in  Hal. 

PARLOTTE-LEASEK  [lai-zur*],  sb.,  obsoU.  a  person  who — '  having  a 
friend  at  court ' — has  permission  to  glean  before  the  field  is  cleared. — 
PxTLYERBATOH.  *  By-gom !  I  shauna  trouble  to  g55  after  that 
leasow — ^the  parlour-laisen  han  bin  o'er  it.*  Cf.  Taubers'-leasers. 
See  Lease. 

PATCH,  ib,  a  small  grass-field,  generally  lying  contiguous  to  the 
house. — Shbewsbttry;  Pulverbatch;  Clttn;  Cleb  Hills;  Wel- 
LIKOTON.  *  Tell  Yedart  to  fatch  the  mar*  up  out  o'  the  paicA— the 
Maister  wants  'er  to  g5d  to  the  feir.'    Ct  Piece  (2),  also  Clos*. 

PATEES  rpadhnir'],  (1)  v.  a.  to  tread  down  =  patter,— '/w/Aenwi 
the  snow  down  i*  the  foud.' — T^T.T.T-a^rRitTe     Cf.  Bather. 

(2)  V.  n.  to  move  lightly  over  a  surface,  scarcely  touching  it,  as  an 
insect  does, — *  a  Ay  patherin*  about  the  child's  fiace.'— Pulvebbatch, 
Cf.  Pither-pather. 

(3)  V.  n.  to  fidget;  to  shuffle  about  on  the  feet  uneasily. — ^Weh. 

PAUME  [pau'm],  sb,  the  palm  of  the  hand. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulver> 
batch.  *  Tummas  is  one  as  ddnna  do  much  athout  summat  i*  the 
paume,' 

'  And  as  >e  hande  halt  harde  *  and  al  )>ynge  faste 
porw  foure  fyngres  and  a  thombe  •  forth  with  J^e  paume* 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.  pass.  xvii.  1.  157. 

*  O.Fr.  paume,  plat  de  la  main.* — Bur. 


OLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   317 

PATTKE-BUHSAT,  sb.  Palin- Sunday.— /Wc?.  'We  bin  drawin' 
mighty  nigh  Aister,  nex'  SundVs  Paume-SundayJ 

*  O.Fr.  paume;  palme,  branohe  en  feuille  de  palmier.' — Bxtr, 

FAYL  [pai'l  and  paayl*],  v.  a,  to  beat ;  to  thrash ;  to  punish  as 
with  fists. — PuLVERBATCH ;  WELLINGTON ;  Wem.  '  If  I  could  raich 
'im  Pd  payl  'im  black  an'  blue.'  This  is  perhaps  a  varied  form  of 
Shakespeare's  pay : — 

*  Falataff but  I  followed  me  close,  came  in  foot  and  hand ; 

and  with  a  thought  seyen  of  the  eleyen  I  pay*d,'—l  K,  Henry  IV., 
n.  iy.  242. 

Pegge  has  '  Peyl,  to  strike,  or  beat.    Lane' 

PEAXHTO  [pee'h'kin],  Pulverbatch.  [pee'ldn],  Wem,  adj,  sickly ; 
drooping :  said  of  young  poultry  for  the  most  part.  '  A  wet  May  's 
bad  for  turkies;  Pye  lost  seyend,  an'  theer^s  more  looks  yeryjpecfHn'.' 

'  And  as  poore  sillie  hen 

Soone  droopes  and  shortly  then  beginnee  to  peaked 

TussEB,  p.  158,  ed.  E.  D.  S. 

\  same  as  above. — Atoham  ;  Wellington. 


PEA  OP  THE  ETE,  same  as  Candle  of  the  Eye,  q.  y. — Ellesmerb. 

PEA-EISEKS,  PEA-BISES  [r'ei-zur'z],  Newport,  [rei-siz],  Elles- 
merb, Bh,  pi.  pea-rods,  or  sticks. 

*  A  pese  Ty9 '  occurs  in  The  Treatise  of  Walter  de  Bibleeworth,  xiii. 
cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  yol.  i.  p.  154.    See  Bise  (1)  and  (2). 

PEAET  [pee*ur*t  and  pi'ur''t],  adj.  brisk;  lively, — well  in  health 
and  bright  in  spirits.  Com.  'Pm  glad  to  see  yo'  so  pedrt  agen, 
John.'  '  Thank  yo',  Maister,  I'm  a  <Q'el  better,  but  Mr.  Glover  says 
I  shall  never  be  my  own  mon  agen.' 

'  There  was  a  tricksie  girle,  I  wot,  albeit  clad  in  grey. 
As  peart  as  bird,  as  straite  as  boult,  as  freshe  as  flowers  in  May.' 

Warner's  Alhione  England^  1592,  in  Wr. 

*  Quick  she  had  always  been,  and  *^ peart "  (as  we  say  on  Exmoor), 
and  gifted  with  a  leap  of  thought  too  swifb  for  me  to  follow.' — B.  D. 
Blaokmore,  Loma  JDoone,  A  Eomance  of  Exmoor,  p.  283,  ed.  1878. 

Cf.  Harket-peart. 

PEABTEH,  PEABTLE  [pi'ur'*tn],  Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch. 
Qy.  com.  [pyur*t'l],  Wem,  ffopton,  v.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  revive;  to 
enliven;  to  cheer.  (1)  'Oh!  yon  soon  pearten  up,  yo'  beginnen  to 
look  better  a'ready.'  (2)  *  'Er  quoite  pyurtled  'im  dop  w'en  'er  come 
w6am.' 

PEABTISH,  adj.  diminutive  of  P^brt— Ludlow.  Qy.  com.  '  'Ow 
binyo'P'    *  Oh,  i)«or«M^like.' 

PEASEV  [pai-zun],  eb.  pi.  peas ;  pease  (collective). — Corve  Dale. 

*  Al  ^e  pore  peple  *  pese-coddes  fetten, 
Bake  6enee  in  Bred  *  pei  brouhten  in  heor  lappes. 


318  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

Honger  eet  ^ia  in  haste  *  and  asked  aftor  more 
pen  ne  Hs  ^olk  for  fere  *  fetten  him  monye 
Poretes,  and  Peo$en  *  for  ^i  him  plese  wolden.' 

Piers  PL,  Text  A.  pass.  yii.  1.  285. 

Grose  gives  *  Peasen,    Pease.    Berks.' 

O.E.  pe$e  (sing,  sb.},  pi.  pesen.    The  modem  pea  is  a  false  form. 
See  Dr.  MoRBias  Hutaricci  English  Accidence^  p.  97. 
A.S.  pise,  pL  pisan;  Lat.  pisum, 

FECK,  PICK  [pek*],  Shrewbbxtrt  ;  Pulvbrbatoh  ;  Worthen. 
[pik*],  Wem  ;  Ellesmerb,  v.  n.  to  pitch  forward ;  to  go  head  first ; 
to  oyer-balance.    *  Mind  the  child  dunna  peek  out  on  'is  cheer.' 

*  Porter,  You  i'  the  camlet,  get  up  o'  the  rail ; 
ril  peck  you  o'er  the  pales  else.' 

K  Henry  VIIL,  V.  iv.  95, 

PECKLED,  adj.  speckled, — *  speckled  'en.'     Com.  * 

*Peckled'  occurs  in  Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy  [a.d.  1621], 
p.  94,  in  Nares. 

PECKLED^DICK,  sh.  the  Goldfinch.— Beidonorth.  Cf.  Seyen- 
coloured-Iiinnet.    See  Jack-NicoL 

PECKLEDT-PIED,  adj,  speckled  with  black  and  white.     Com. 

PEDLAB'S-BASKET,  sh,  Saxifraga  ^arm«nto«a.  —  Pulterbatch. 
To  the  gay  appearance  of  this  plant — ^its  leaves  lined  with  red,  its 
flower-s&lks  streaming  like  rioands — ^the  appellation  of  Pedlar's- 
basket  is  doubtless  due.     0£  Creeping^-sailor  (1). 

PEEL,  ab,  a  kind  of  flat  shovel  of  wood  or  iron,  fastened  to  a  long 
handle,  used  for  putting  bread,  &o.  into  the  oven,  and  also  for  taking 
the  same  out  again,  uom.  '  Bring  the  oven-swoop  an'  the  peel,  we 
sha'n  be  ready  for  'em  in  a  minute.' 

*  Two  wodden  peeles '  are  enumerated  amonffst  other  effects  in  '  The 
Kytchynse,'  in  an  Inventory,  dated  at  Owlbuxy  Manor-House, 
Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 

'  He  beareth  Sable,  a  Baker,  with  a  Peel  in  his  both  hands  Bend- 
ways,  with  a  Loaf  of  Bread  upon  it,  Or.  Others  who  ^ve  a  fuller 
description  of  it,  Blazon  it  thus,  a  Baker  with  his  Peel  in  his  hands 
bendwise,  with  a  Loaf  thereon,  Or,  a  Cap  on  his  head,  his  Waistcoat 
stripped  above  his  Elbows,  Argent,  Breeches  and  Hose,  Grey,  Shooes, 
Sable;  having  an  Oven  fixed  to  the  dexter  side,  Gules.  This  was 
the  ancient  Crest  of  the  Bread  Bakers  of  Chester,  which  now  they 
have  relinquished.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  HL.  ch.  iiL  p.  85. 

*  Pele  of  owen,  K.  peel  for  J»e  ovyn.  Palmula,  pdlica  {pala,  P.).' — 
Prompt.  Parv. 

O.Ft,  pele ;  It  pala,  a  shovel,  spade.    See  Bur. 

PEEP-O'-DAT,  same  as  Betty-go-to-bed-at-noon,  q.  v. — ^Wem. 

PEFFEL  [pef'i'l  and  pef'l],  (1)  v.  a.  to  peck  at  in  a  worrying 
manner.  —  Atcham  ;  Pxtlverbatoh  ;  Clttn  ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmere. 
'  Them  birds  bin  peffdin*  out  that  turmit  sid  sadly.' 

(2)  V.  a.  to  beat ;  to  knock  about ;  to  abuse  with  violence. — ^Wem. 
'  'E  peffded  'im  reet  well  about  the  yed  wuth  'is  fisses.' 


QLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   319 

PEGH}T,  (1)  eame  as  Dolly-peg,  q.  v. — Shrewsbury  ;  Ellesmere. 
(2)  same  as  Dolly  (2).— /&tU 

PEOOY-NIVE^HOLES,  same  as  Vanny-nin^holes,  q.  y.  —  Whit- 

CHTJBOH. 

PEGGY,  PEGGY -WHTTETHRO AT,  sb,  Sylvia  irochilua,  the 
Willow  Warbler ;  Sylvia  tufa,  the  Chiff-chaff;  and  Sylvia  Hbildtrix, 
the  Wood  Warbler,  are  respectiyely  and  alike  caHod  Peggy  and  Peggy- 
Whitethroai.    Qy.  com.    See  Billy- Whitethroat.    Cf.  Jack-straw. 

PELCE,  sh.  a  fat,  corpulent  person. — Ellesmere.  ''E's  gettin'  a 
despert  pelch.' 

PELL  [pel'],  (1)  V,  a.  to  make  bare,  as  of  sheep  or  cattle  eating  down 
a  pasture,  &c. — ^Pulverbatch ;  WBLLiNaxoN;  Newport;  Wem; 
Ellesmere.     '  Them  ship  han  peUed  that  fild  as  bar*  as  yore  *ond.* 
Er.  peler,  to  make  bare ;  to  peel.    Cf .  Pill. 

(2)  V,  a,  and  v.  n.  to  pick ;  to  take  in  small  bits :  said  of  food 
chiefly,  as  when  children  help  themselves  surreptitiously. — ^Worthen; 
Church  Streitok.  '  The  lad  pelled  an'  pelled  at  the  dumplin'  till  'e 
pelled  it  all  away.' 

PELL-VECEED,  adj\  having  the  neck  bare  of  wool :  said  of  sheep, — 
'aj)e/Z-necA^yeow.' — Pulvbrbatoh;  Worthen;  Ellesmere. 

'  Hec  adctna.  A"  pylled  hew,'  occurs  in  a  Pictorial  Vocabulary ^  xv. 
cent,  inWr.  vocabs.,  voL  L  p.  260. 

'  FyUed  as  one  that  wantetn  heare,  ''  peUu/* '    Palsgrave,  in  Hal. 

See  Cotgrave,  mb  voce  Pill. 

PELBOLLOCK,  sb.  a  faded,  ill-dressed,  worn-down  looking  woman. 
—  Pulyerbatch;  Muoh  Wenlook.  'Jim  France  'as  jined  the 
'totallers.'  '  A  good  thing  an'  all  fur  'is  fiimily — 'is  wife  looks  a  poor 
pdrdlockf  an'  'is  childem  'afe  clemmed.' 

PELT,  sb,  a  sheep-skin  of  which  the  wool  has  faUen  away  from  the 
living  animal,  in  consequence  of  *skin  disease'  of  some  kind. — 
Shrewsbury;  Wellinoton. 

PEV,  (I)  V,  a,  and  v.  n.  to  shut  up ;  to  confine.  Com.  *  I  think 
if  s  a  shame  to  pen  the  poor  childem  i'  the  'ouse  all  day ;  a  bit  o' 
fresh  ar  d6d  do  'em  a  sight  more  good.' 

'  To  be  a  mirrour  to  all  mighty  men, 
In  whose  right  hands  great  power  is  contayned, 
That  none  of  them  the  feeble  over-ren, 
But  alwaies  do  their  powre  within  just  compasse^)en.' 

Spenser,  F,  Q.,  Bk.^.  c.  ii.  si  xix. 

A.S.  pyndauy  to  shut  in ;  restrain. 

(2)  sb.  a  shoot  for  eraffcing.— Atoham  ;  Pulyerbatch  ;  Welliko- 
TON.  '  The  owd  garaener's  pflt  five  different  pens  i'  the  big  par  tree, 
so  we  sha'n  'dve  a  sortment  if  they  growen.' 

(3)  V.  a,  to  pick  the  soft  quills  out  of  poultry  when  preparing  them 
for  the  table.— Shrewsbxtby;  Pulyerbatch;  Newport;  Wem. 
See  below. 


320  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

PEV-FEATHEBED  [fidh'nr'd],  part,  adj.  baling  an  undergrowth 
of  youn^  feathers.  Qy.  com.  '  I  want  to  send  some  o'  them  ducks 
to  markit,  but  I  see  they  bin  despert  oen^/^Aereci—it'll  tak*  more  time 
to  pen  'em  than  a  bin  wnth.'    See  below. 

FEH-FEATHES8  [fidh-nr'z],  sh.  pi.  the  young,  newly-developed 
quill-feathers  as  they  appear  at  moulting  timei    Qy.  com.    Of.  Pern. 

PEVNT»  adj.  very  full  of  '  pens : '  said  of  fowls,  &c.  Qy,  com. 
See  Pens,  below. 

PENHT-BTAL,  sh.,  var.  pr.  Mentha  paUgiurn^  Penny-royaL— 
PuLVERBATCH.  Qy.  com.  *Eobin-run-r-the-'odge,  an'  Dra^n'a- 
blood,  an'  Fenny-ryal,  bin  mighty  good  yarbs  to  tak'  i'  the  Spring-o'- 
the  'ear  fur  clansin'  the  blood.' 

Tusser  enumerates  *  PeneriaU '  amongst '  Seedes  and  Herbes  for  the 
Kitchen.'    See  E.  D.  S.  ed.,  p.  94. 

PEnrr  STOEE,  si.  an  iion-stone  measure. — Colliery  ;  M.  T. 

'  The  Penny  Stone  is  the  most  remarkable  and  prodnctiTe  iron-stone 
in  Shropshire.  It  is  composed  of  a  series  of  nodules,  producing  from 
2,000  to  2,600  tons  to  the  acre,  and— 4is  proved  by  smelting--oontai2ifl 
about  35  per  cent,  of  iron.  The  cavities  of  these  nodules  are  filled  ap 
with  sulphate  of  baryta,  silicate  of  alumina,  carbonate  of  lime,  and 
crystals  of  zinc-blenaa  A  curious  feature  in  connexion  with  this 
seam  is  the  presence  of  petroleum.  In  certain  parts  the  work  appears 
as  though  it  had  undergone  a  washing  of  tar.  It  is  said  that  at  one 
time  petroleum  abounded  in  the  coal  measures,  producing  as  much  ss 
1,000  gallons  per  week. 

'  The  Penny  Stone  is  interesting  with  its  appearance  and  evidence  of 
the  piercing  by  burrowing  worms,  whid^  have  left,  as  a  writer  says, 
'*  heaps  of  excretions  at  the  doors  of  their  dwellmga."  This  iron- 
stone contains  numerous  marine  organic  remains,  £e  characteristio 
marine  fossil  being  the  Leptcena  Scahicula,  occurring  also  in  the 
mountain  limestone.  Several  species  of  Nautilus,  Bellerophon, 
Orbicula,  TJnio,  Terebratula,  Lingula,  &c.,  associated  with  the  bones 
and  scales  of  the  Megalichthye  Hibberti,  and  the  Oyracanthus  Formotut* 

*  Another  characteristic  fossil  is  the  Orhicuia  Reflexa.* — Notes  <m  the 
Bhropahire  Coal-field,  by  T.  Pabton,  P.G.a     1868. 

See  Black  Stone,  also  Chance  Penny  Stone. 

PEV8,  sh.  pi,  the  rudimentary  quills  of  feathers,  as  of  fowls,  ducks, 
&C.---SHKEWBBUBY ;  PuLYEBBATOH ;  Newpobt.    Qy.  com. 

<  His  flaggy  winges,  when  forth  he  did  display, 
Were  like  two  sayles,  in  which  the  hollow  wynd 
Is  gathered  full,,  and  worketh  speedy  way : 
And  eke  the  pennes,  that  did  his  ]^ineons  bynd,  . 

Were  like  mayne-yardes  with  flying  canvas  lynd ;  V« 

Spknsbb,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  1  c  xi,  8t  X. 

*  Pennes,  quills. ' — ^Maundeville,  p.  269,  in  Hal. 

<  Hec  pluma,  a  fedyre ;  Sec  pmna,  a  penne ;  Hoc  Hum,  the  pyf  ^^ 
the  penne,*  occur  seriatim  under  the  heaa  of  '  Partes  Animdliu,mt  ^  ^ 
Nominate,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  221. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.  321 

*  O.Fr.  penne,  plume ;  de  [Lat.]  penna.* —'Bttel 
Cf.  Pen-feathers.     See  Pugs  (2). 

PEHTICE  [pen'tisl,  sh.  the  shed  attached  to  a  smithy,  in  which 
horses  are  shod. — Fttlverbatch  ;  Worthen  ;  Ellesmere. 

An  ancient  building  called  the  Pentice^  attached  to  S.  Peter's  Church, 
Chester,  was  taken  down,  a.d.  1801-6.  Hanshall — the  county  his- 
torian— gives  the  following  copy  of  a  record  haying  relation  to  it : — 

'1616.  Aug.  23.  King  James  came  here.  He  went  to  the 
Cathedral,  and  passed  from  thence  along  Shoemaker's-row  to  the 
Pentice,  where  he  was  banqueted,'and  had  presented  to  him  a  gilt 
bowl,  with  lOOgs.  in  it.' 

Pentict  is  a  shortened  form  of  appeniicef  that  which  is  appended; 
and  further,  the  last  syllable  of  this  French  word  was  before  Shake- 
speare's time  —  according  to  Mr.  Earle  —  anglicized  into  'house,' 
making  a  sort  of  compoimd,  penUhouse,  See  Philology  of  the  Engluh 
Tongue,  p.  292. 

Bailey— ed.  1782 — gives  *  Pewtice,  a  Penthouse ;  also  a  Shed.' 

*  Pentyce^  of  an  howse  ende.     Appendicium.     **A  pentis,  appendix, 
'    appendicium,  apheduo,  (sic)  ut  dicit  Brito  ;  et  dicitur  pro/ectum,  si  de  ligno, 

tnenianum,  n  de  lapidebua." — Cath.  Ano.'    Prompt  Parv,  and  Notes. 

'AppentiSf  b^timent  has  &  petit,  qui  est  appuy6  centre  im  plus 
haut.    A  shed,  an  out-house.' — Chamb. 

PEBK    See  Land  Heasnrements  (Perch),  p.  xcii. 

PERK-UP,  i;.  n.  to  look  up  in  a  bright,  cheerful  way  after  a  state 
of  depression  from  whatever  cause  proceeding.  Com.  *  Well,  John, 
I'm  mighty  glad  to  see  as  yo'  bin  beginnin'  to  perk-up  a  bit,  yo'n  'ad 
a  bad  bout,  but  now  yo'n  made  a  start,  I  'ope  yo'n  soon  be  yore  own 
mon  agen.' 

'  .^   .    when  suddenly  up  the  face 
Of  the  Piper  perked  in  the  market  place.' 
Robert  Brownino,  The  Pied  Piper  o/Hamelin,  st.  viii. 

PESSTTM  [pes-mn],  sh,  pease-haulm — a  contracted  form.  Com. 
'  Theer  wuz  a  noud  rot-ketoher  as  wuz  called  **  Dicky  Pessum  ;  w'en 
a  wuz  a  young  mon,  a  wuz  sen'  to  stop  a  glat  the  pigs  maden  i'  the 
stack -yord,  ^e  rommed  some  pessum  i'  the  'ole,  an'  wuz  called 
**  Dicky  Pessum  "  ever  atter.' 

The  term  pessum  is  sometimes,  oddly  enough,  applied  to  bean- 
straw,  as  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Wem^  where  they  speak  of  bean- 
pessum.     Of.  Bean-haulm. 

PESTLE,  sb.  the  fore-leg  of  a  slaughtered  pig,  between  the  knee  and  the 
flitch. — ^PuLVERBATCH ;  Ellesmere.    *  We'n  'ftve  a  pair  of  pestles  an'  a 
fowl  boiled  on  Friday,  then  theerTl  be  broth  for  the  men's  breakfasts.' 
Grose  gives  *  Pestle-of-pork,  a  leg  of  pork.    Exmoor.' 

*  ''Pestds  of  venison."— Warner's  Antiq.  Culin,  p.  98.  "  PesUll  of 
flesshe,  /amfcon."— Palsgrave,'  in  Hal. 

Cf.  Shaokle-bone. 

YEWn  [pee-wi't  and  pai'wi't],  sh,  Vemellus  cristdtus,  the  Lap- 
wing.— Shrewsbttbt  ;  Pulverbatch.    Qy.  com. 

Randle  Holme  says,  «The  Lapwing  cries  Teewit:— Academy,  of 
Armory,  Bk.  II.  ch.  xiii.  p.  310, 

Y 


322  SHROPSHIRB  WORD-BOOK. 

PIAHBT  [peiandtl,  (1)  sb.  Pisania  officinalis,  common  Peony. — 
PuLVERBATCH.  Qj,  oocL.  <  'Ei'd  got  a  posy  88  big  fts  a  besom,  65th 
three  pianeU,  an'  a  aimfal  o'  gilliflowers. 

(2)  sb.,  obsoU.  the  Magpie.— Wobthbn  ;  Oswestry.  Bee  Ghatter- 
pie,  also  ICagpy. 

PICK  [pik*],  (1)  V.  0.  to  bring  forth  a  calf  piematuielj. — ^Atgham  ; 
Wobthbn;  KTj.TMTinniE.    Cf.  Oast  (3). 

(2)  V.  a.  to  bring  forth  a  foal  prematurely. — Pulyebbatoh;  Wbm. 

(3)  See  Peck. 

PICKLE,  V.  a.  to  steep  seed-coin  in  lye,  &c.y  preparatory  to  sowing. 
— ^PuLYEEBATGH.     Qy.  oom.    See  Clog  (1). 

PIDDLDTO,  part,  adj,  picking;  dainty:  used  with  reference  to 
takine  food.--PuLTSEBATCH.  <I  doubt  itll  tak*  a  despert  w*ile  to 
feed  this  pig,  'e's  sich  a  pidcUin'  ater.* 

*  We  took  up  our  knives  and  forks,  laid  them  down,  and  took  them 

X again;   ....  piddledy  sipped;   but  were  more  busy  with  our 
ws  than  with  our  teeth.' — Sir  Oharla  0randi9(m,  toI.  li.  p.  105, 
ed.  1766. 

PIE-BALD.    See  Skew-bald. 

PIECE  [pee's],  (1)  gb.  an  intermediate  meal  given  to  childieD, 
usually  consisting  of  a  piece  of  bread  and  butter.  Com.  *  Yo'  shan* 
a  no  more  pieeet  afore  dinner,  yo'n  bin  piece,  pieu,  piecin\  all  momin', 
an'  then  when  the  garden  stujOfs  done  [cookedl  yo'n  ate  nnthin'.' 
The  'garden  stuff'  is  the  cottage  dinner  of  TeffetaDles. 

*  I  find  the  word  [piece]  in  a  little  book  of  children's  yerses,  '  dtories 
for  Alice  *  (Fhiladen)hia,  1857),  by  a  lady  of  EngHah  descent  living 
in  Chester,  county  Pennsylvania. 

**  And  on  the  dresser  you  will  find 
At  twelve  o'clock  your|>teoe. 

The  piece  was  two  nice  corn-meal  cakes."  ' — N,  and  Q.,  4th  Series, 
voL  vi  p.  249. 

(2)  eb,  a  field. — Ohttbch  Stebtton;  Cobvb  Dale;  Glee  Hills. 

'  I  removed  the  house  to  another  peice,  called  the  Old  Feild  .  •  • 
Thejpeioe  from  whence  the  house  was  removed  is  to  this  day  called 
Ore^apeioe.* — Oouoh's  History  of  MyddU,  p.  83. 

Cf  Patch. 

(3)  eb,  a  somewhat  contemptuous  term  for  a  woman.  Com.  "Et^s 
a  poor  j»eoe;  w'y  'er  dunna  know  'ow  to  we^  'er  'usban's  shirt  fox  all 
'er  brags  'erself  for  everythin'.' 

PIED-PIHCH,  sb.  FringiUa  codebe,  the  CbaffincL  Qy.  com.  So 
called  from  its  parti-coloured  plumage.    01  Pine-flnch. 

PIE-FINCH,  same  as  above.  ^  Shbewbbubt  ;  Chxtboh  Strbtton; 
Bbidonobth;  Nbwpobt. 

PIO-COTE,  sb,,  obaoUA  a  pig-sty. — Pulverbatoh. 

*  Hec  porcaria.  A'  swyn-cote,'  occurs  in  an  English  VocdbtUary,  xv. 
cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i.  p.  204. 

PlOOnr  [pig'in],  (1)  «&,  obsols,  a  wooden  bowL  Com.  The  piffgin 
was  formerly  used  for  eating  porridge  or  other  '  supping'  out  of;  it 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   323 

gaye  place  to  the  *  pollinger,*  which  in  its  torn  was  supplanted  by 
the  ordinary  earthenware  oasin,  or  tin  can.  Figgins  were  in  common 
use  durinff  the  era  of  pewter  platters.  As  the  wooden  piggin  gave 
place  to  ouier  eating  vessels,  so  there  was  a  progressiye  refinement  in 
food  and  language,  as  the  following  Shropshire  doggerel  sets  forth : — 

*  Dame  an'  porridge, 
Miffiis  an'  broth, 
Madam  an'  tay.' 

'  2  Piggifu '  are  comprised  in  an  Inventory ^  dated  at  Aston  Botterell 
about  1758. 

'  Heigh,  diddle,  diddle, 
The  cat  an' the  fiddle ; 
The  cow  jumped  o'er  the  moon, 
The  littie  dog  laughed  to  see  sich  sport ; 
And  the  piggin  ran  after  the  spoon.' 

Shropshire  version  of  the  *  Old  Nursery  Rhyme,* 

Cf.  aoaigh  (1).    See  Treen. 

(2)  eh,  a  wooden  pail,  one  of  the  staves  of  which  being  left  much 
longer  than  the  rest,  forms  an  upright  handle. — ^Wem.  A  piagin- 
calf  IB  a  calf  reared  by  hand,  and  is  so  called  from  the  piggin  being 
.    used  to  hold  its  *  suppmg.' 

Bay  has  *  A  Piggin^  a  little  Fail  or  Tub,  with  an  erect  Handle,' 
amongst '  North  Oountry  Words.'    Of.  Gaun  (2). 

PIGkOBASB,  PI0-BTT8H,  eh.  Polygonum  avictdare,  common  Knot- 
grass.— ^Wellingtok.    The  pest  of  light  soils  in  some  parts  of  Salop. 

PI0-2IUX,  fb,  Buniumflexuosum,  common  Earth-nut. — Pulyebbatch. 

'  And  I  with  my  long  nails  will  dig  thee  pig-nute,' 

Tempest,  U.  ii.  172. 

PI0S-FAB8HIP,    sb.    Heracleum    apJumdylium,    common    Cow- 
Parsnip.^WELLiKQTOK. 

B,  (1)  sb,  a  toll-bar;  a  turnpike-gate.     Com. 


(2)  V.  a.  to  pick. — ^Pulvebbatoh.  Qy.  com.  *  We  mef  n  as  well 
pike  a  bit  i'  the  owd  stubble  as  sit  under  the  'edge  waitin'  fax  the 
tother — they  hanna  finished  luggin'  the  barley  yet. 

<  «  he  calles  them  knaues  your  hignes  keei>e, 
with-all  hee  calls  them  somewhatt  worsse, 
he  dare  not  come  in  without  a  lonee  staffe, 
hees  fifeard  lest  some  bankrout  wold  pike  his  pursse." ' 

The  pore  man  <fe  t?ie  Kinge,  1.  108.    Percy  Folio  MS., 
ToL  iii  p.  201,  ed.  Hsdes  and  Furmyall. 

*  O.Du.  pecken  (manticulari)  ;  pike  (pick).'— Stbat, 

(3)  sh.  a  pick.— Nbwfobt.    O.Du.  picke.—Idem, 

(4)  sh.  a  hay-fork ;  a  pitch-fork. — Oleb  Hills  ;  Lttdlow. 

'  Pikes  and  nkesJ^Atuctioneer's  Catalogue  (Stoddesden),  1870. 

*  A  rake  for  to  hale  vp  the  fitchis  that  lie, 
tkpike  for  to  pike  them  yp  handsom  to  diie.' 

TiTSSEB,  Hushandtie  furniture,  p.  37,  ed.  E.  D.  S. 

*  A.S.  pic,  a  pike;  acufeus,  euspis,' — Stbat. 

y2 


;324  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

PIKEL  [pei'kil],  ah,  a  hay-fork  ;  a  pitch-fork.     Com. 

*  One  dozsen  pilceU  in  lots.' — Auctianeer^s  Catalogue  (Longvill©),  1877. 

*  For  the  Pitchfork  ^or  Pikdy  which  we  vulgarly  call  it)  it  is  an 
Instrument  much  used  m  Husbandry  for  their  Loading  and  Stacking 
of  Hay  and  Com.* — Academy  of  Armory y  Bk.  III.  ch.  yiii.  p.  331. 

Gough,  in  his  History  of  Myddle^  makes  repeated  mention  of  a 

*  pike-evilly*  apparently  the  same  thing  as  a  pikel — *  pikeeavdl  g^ins ' — 

*  a  long  pikeevilly  &c.  At  this  day  evil  is  similarly  used  in  oompoation 
by  Shropshire  folk  for  the  names  of  other  kinds  of  fork.  See  Dun^ 
evily  also  ShareviL    C£  Xril. 

PIKELET  [pei'klet],  sK  a  tea-crumpet — Shrewbbubt  ;  Ludlow  ; 
Bridonorth;  Newport. 

*  However,  Mrs  Jerome  herself  could  not  deny  that  Janet  was  a 
very  pretty-spoken  woman :  **  She  al'ys  says  she  niver  gets  sich  pike- 
lets as  mine  nowhere ;  I  know  that  very  well— other  folks  buy  'em  at 
shops — ^thick,  unwholesome  things,  you  might  as  well  eat  a  sponge." ' 
— Georoe  Eliot,  Scenufrom  Clerical  Life  (Janet's  Bepentanoe). 

Bailey — ed.  1782 — gives  *  Bara-picJclet  iWdsh]  Cakes  made  of  fine 
Flower  kneaded  with  Yeast.* 

Cotgrave  has  French '  popelinSy  soft  cakes  of  fine  flour,  &c.,  fiuhioned 
like  our  Welsh  harrapyclids.'  W.  bora,  bread.  See  Flap,  also  Lig^ht- 
cake. 

PIKES,  sb.  pl^  short '  buts '  ploughed  in  pointed  furrows  of  gradu- 
ated lengths;  filUnff  up  spaces — ^left  by  the  long  'buts'  lying  at 
right  angles — ^in  fields  of  irregular  form. — Pulvxrbatch.  Qy.  com. 
A.S.  pic,  a  point. 

PILES  [pei'lz],  sb,  pi  the  awns  of  barley. — ^Pulverbatch  ;  Craves 
Arms  ;  Glee  Hills  ;  Wem.    Qy.  com. 

PILIHO-IEONS,  sb.  an  implement  for  removing  the  awn& — Ihid. 
* .  .  riddles,  sieves,  and  barley  piling^irons  in  lots.* — Audioneer'B 
Catalogue  (Longville),  1877. 

PILIHOS,  sb,  pi,  trusses  of  threshed-out  straw. — Newport.  *  Rota 
bin  nippers  for  jptZtn'a.' 

PILL,  V,  a.  to  strip ;  to  deprive  of  the  outer  skin  or  covering ;  to 
peel.— Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch;  Chttrch  Stretton.    Qy.com- 
'  Lads  mak'n  poor  laisers  generally — they'n  aVavs  got  a  stick  to 
pilly  or  anythin*  but  bend  thar  backs  to  the  stubble. 

<  The  skilftil  shepherd  pilled  me  certain  wands.* 

Merchant  of  Venice^  L  iii.  85. 

*  PyUyn,  or  piflU  bark,  or  o)>er  lyke.     Decortieo.* — Prompt  Parv, 

*  Fr.  peler,  to  bauld  or  pull  the  haire  off;  also  to  piU,  pare,  barke, 
unrinde,  unskin.'— CoTO.    0£  Pell  (1). 

PILLOW-COAT,  sb,  a  pillow-case,  or  cover. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulver- 
batch.   Qy.  com.    See  Bere  (2). 

PILPIT,  sb,  a  pulpit. — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com. 
The  form  is  an  old  one. 

'  Thus  30  prechyn  the  pepul  and  in  the  pylpit  opynl^ 
The  vij  workys  of  merc^  mekelS  to  mlfyl.' 

John  Audelay's  Fsems,  p.  41. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   325 

PIMKDF  [pim'kin],  sb.,  var,  pr,  a  small  eaHhen  pan  used  for  boiling 
infant's  food  in,  Ac, — a  pipkin. — Pulvebbatch;  Ceaven  Aem8. 
<  Mind  as  that  pimkin  's  dane  afore  yo'  put  the  child's  pap  in.' 

PIKMIBOSE,  «6.,  var,  pr.  Primula  mdgaris,  common  Primrose, — 
*  pimmirosei  an'  cowerslops.' — Shrewsbuby;  Pulvebbatch. 

PIHPE&T,  sb.f  obs.'i  a  very  small  pan — ^an  *  egg-saucepan.' — Pulveb- 
batch.   See  Panakin. 

PIMPIHO,  sb,  a  small,  delicate  creature. — Pulvebbatch.  *The 
baby's  but  a  little  pimpin*  for  a  twermonth  owd.' 

PIMPLE,  ab.f  pec.  a  pebble. — Seebewsburt  ;  Pulvebbatch.  '  Whad 
bin  'ee  trimplin'  at  ? '  '  Theer's  a  pimple  i*  my  boot,  an'  it*s  blistered 
my  fut.'    Ct.  Pumple-stones. 

Pnr,  eb.  the  middle  place  for  a  horse, — between  the  shafter  and  the 
leader  in  a  team  of  three. — Wellington  ;  Wem.     *  Yo'd'n  better  ptit 
^at  cowt  i'  ^e  pin  a  bit.'    A.  S.  pyndan,  to  shut  up ;  to  restrain.    See 
-horse. 


PIH-BONE,  sb.,  obsolsA  the  great  protuberance  at  the  top  of  the 
thigh  bone  or  femur — ^the  TrocJianter  major. — Pulvebbatch.  *  The 
rheumatic  's  bad  enough  anyw'eer,  but  it's  wust  i'  the  pin-bwun 
o'  the  'ip,  for  yo'  can  carry  a  bad  arm,  but  a  bad  leg  ddnna 
carry  yo . 

PIHE-FINCH,  same  as  Pied-finch,  q.  v. — Wem  ;  Ellesmbbe.  So 
called  from  its  querulous  note.    Gf.  Chink-chink. 

PnfPOLD,  sb.  an  enclosure  for  stray  animals ;  a  pound. — Pulveb- 
batch ;  Newpobt  ;  Wem.    '  Han'ee  put  them  strafes  i'  the  pinfoud  f ' 

'  And  if  thy  horse  breake  his  tedure,  and  go  at  large  in  euery  man's 
come  and  grasse,  then  commeth  the  pynder,  and  taketh  hym,  and 
puttoth  hym  in  the  pynfolde^  and  there  shall  he  stande  in  prison, 
without  any  meate,  vnto  the  tyms  thou  hast  payde  his  raunsome  to 
the  pynder,  and  also  make  amendes  to  thy  neyghbours  for  distroy- 
enge  of  theyr  come.' — Fitzhebbeet's  Husbaiidrie  [a.d.  1523],  ed. 
1767,  p.  95. 

See  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona,  L  i.  114. 

*  Hoc  indusoriumf  a  pyrtrfold,^  occurs  in  a  NominaU,  xv.  cent.,  in 
Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i  p.  239. 

A.S.  pyndany  to  shut  in ;  and/a/c2,  a  fold. 

PIS-HOBSE,  sb.  the  middle  horse  in  a  team. — Wellington  ;  Wem  ; 
Ellesmbbe.    See  Pin.    Gt  Pinner  (1). 

PIVK  [ping'k],  sb.  Ledciscus  pltoxinus,  the  Minnow. — Shbewsbubt  \ 
Pulvebbatch;  Wobthen;  Oobve  Bale;  Ludlow.    Qy.  com. 

^  *  Pinchbrooke  is  now  cald  Pevnesbrooke,  and  perhaps  might  take 
his  name  from  those  small  and  litle  fishes  called  PitiAm,  which  are 
common  in  great  multitudes  in  such  brookes.' — Gouoh's  History  of 
MyddU,  p.  39. 

'  For  the  Minnow  or  Pefikej  he  is  easily  found  and  caught  in  April, 
for  then  he  appears  in  the  Bivers.' — The  Compleat  Angler,  ch«  iv. 
p.  96,  ed.  1653. 
Pegge  has  '  Pitik,  the  fiah  called  the  minnow.    North.' 


32G  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

PmZBV  [ping'kur^n  and  ping-knui^nl,  sh.^  var,  p-.,  obsols,  a  yeiy 
narrow  boat  u»ed  on  the  SeTern — a  fnnMem.  This  is  a  liver  tenn, 
which  still  lingers  on  amongst  the  BeTem  bargemen,  though  rarely 
UBed.  It  was  heard  in  December,  1875,  at  Shrewsbiuy,  and  about  the 
same  time  in  the  S.E.  of  Salop— at  Cleobury  Mortimer,  or  Neen 
Boilers.  '  Whad  a  pinkern  that  is  o'  yore's !  ^  *  Aye,  but  it's  an 
onoommon  *audy  boat/ 

Compare  Fr.  *  Pinque^  petit  b&timent  de  charge  qui  est  rond  a 
ranidre,'  in  Chamb.  IceL  etpingr;  a  long  boat.  See  Pink  (4)  in 
Sksat's  Etym,  Did, 

PIWES,  (1)  sh,  same  as  Pin-hone,  q.  v. — Pulvkrbatch  ;  Newfobt. 

(2)  Bh.  a  pinafore.    Com. 

Pnr-BOWED  [pinVoad],  adj,  a  term  applied  to  butter  whidi, 
haying  been  imperfectly  worked  after  the  salt  has  been  added  to  it, 
is,  as  a  consequence,  fiul  of  white  streaks. — Pultsbbatoh  ;  Well- 
XNOTOir.  Qy.  com.  *  Butter  wuz  ohepper  o'  Saturd'y,  I  'ear.*  *  Aye, 
some  pin-rowed  stuif  as  wunna  fit  to  ate ;  but  good  butter  kep'  its 
price. 

PDrB-AVD-VEEDLBS,  ah.  Hypnnm  serpens,  Creepinff  Feather-moss. 
— Shrewsbubt.  The  little  stalks  or  '  «eto,'  of  this  pretty  moss, 
bear  upon  their  summits  the  spore-cases  or  capsules — these  are  the 
pifCB  headi, 

PIVSOVS  [pinWnzl,  (l)  sb.  pincers.     Com.     <Gie  me  the  omber 
an'  pinsoM  'ere,  an'  I'll  soon  fatch  the  nail  out.' 
*  Pynsone.     TtndlaJ — Prompt,  Parv. 

(2)  «6.  a  dentist's  forceps,  —  *  the  tuth  broke  i'  the  pinsom.'— 
Shbswsbvbt. 

'  PynsonCt  to  drawe  owt  tethe.    Dentaria,' — Prompt,  Parv. 

Mr.  Way  says,  '  The  tenn  seema  to  be  a  diminutiYe  of  the  iV. 
pince,*    See  his  Note. 

'  JPificf ,  petites  tenailles,  qui  serrent  a  diflerens  usages.'  Finoers, 
nipper8.~CHAMB.    Cf.  Brawta. 

PIP,  (I)  sb,  B,  single  blossom  terminating  a  pedicel,  as  the  cowslip, 
or  a  padunde,  as  the  primrose,  ^.— Shbbwsbury  ;  Fulybbbatch. 
Qy.  com. 

(2)  V,  a,  to  nick  off  the  blossoms  or  'pips'  of  cowslips,  Ao^—Thid- 
'  I  promised  tne  Missis  as  the  childem  shoulden  get  'er  a  basket  o 
cowerslops,  an'  now  'er  wants  'em  pipped;  an'  it's  a  despert  lat  job 
picking  the  pips  for  winde.' 

(3)  Bb,  a  pippin,  as  of  an  apple,  orange,  &o.    Com. 

(4)  sh.  a  spot  of  any  of  the  suits  on  playing  cards, — generally  iu^ 
in  tne  plural  form,  as  '  counting  the  pipe,*  wnen  computing  a  hand. 
Com, 

PDPB-DKnrK,  sb,,  sU  light  ale  esteemed  by  smoken,—' nice  little 
pipe-drink,* — Wbm.    Qy.  com. 

PISSAHVAT,  /(2em.— Wem. 

PIS8AHT,  sb.  an  insect  of  the  genus  Formica, — ^the  common  Ant. 
— Shbewsbuky;  Fulvbbbatoh;  Ellesmebb. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  327 

PITCH  [pich'],  (1)  V.  a.  to  throw  the  hay,  sheaves,  &c.,  on  to  the 
waggon  in  the  harvest-field.  Oom.  '  Yore  new  waggoner 's  despert 
short  an'  stiff,  I  dtinna  know  'ow  e's  to  pitch  at  'arrdost — 'e'll  want  a 
good  Inng  pitehin*-p%kelJ 

< «  Ganstow  semen,"  he  seide  ' 

''other  to  the  cart  jMccAe. 

Mowe  otiier  mo  wen  *  other  make  bond  to  sheues/" 

Piers  PI,  Text  0,  pass.  vL  L  13. 

(2)  tib.  the  quantity  taken  at  one  time  for  *  pitching.*  Com.  *  Jack 
d6nna  'urt  'imself— 'e  dunna  tak'  more  at  a  pitch  than  yo'  ooulden  pHt 
on  66th  a  toastin'-fork.' 

PITCHEE,  (1)  sb.  the  man  who  'pitches'  the  hay,  &c.y  when 
loading  the  harvest-waggon.    Com. 

(2)  adf.  ill-tempered;  cross-grained.  — Atoham;  Wbm.  'The 
Maister  's  mighty  pitc?her,  yo'd'n  Setter  mind  whad  yo'  bin  doin'.' 

PITCHEBS,  PITCHETS,  PICHOCKS  [pich'ni^z],  Shbbwbbubt; 
Ellbsmebe.  Tpichnits],  Pulvebbatoh.  [pichniksl,  Oobve  Dale, 
$h.  pi.  bits  of  broken  crockerv  used  as  playthings  by  children.  A 
little  girl  admiring  her  mother's  new  tea-china,  exclaimed,  'Eh! 
66dna  uey  maken  pretty  pitcheta  f ' 

PITCHEES,  eh.  pi.  earthenware  vessels  of  the  finer  kinds,  common 
china  indnded. — Shbewsbxtby.    See  Orooks. 

PITCIHEE4SE0P,  same  as  Crook-shop.— Shbbwbbubt. 

PITCHDire-PIEXL,  8b.  a  pitcb-fork.  Com.  See  Pitoh  (1),  also 
Fikel. 

PIT-OEATE,  ab.  the  gratin^overed  ash-pit  in  front  of  a  kitchen 
fire-place.--SHBEwsBTJBT;  Wobthen;  WELLDroTOv;  Ellesmebe. 
Of.  nrgy-hole. 

PITHEEnrO  [pei'dhor'in],  jxir^.  adj.  trifling ;  dawdling.— Atoham  ; 
PlTLVEBBATOH ;  Wsic  'I  canna  think  whad  yo'n  hm pHheriv^  at 
all  momin' — I  could  a  done  twize  as  much  in  'afe  the  time.' 

PITHEE-PATHEE  [pidh-ur'  padh-nr^],  same  as  Pather  (2),  Pulveb- 
batoh; WELLnroTON.  'I  felt  snmmat  pither^patherirC  about  my 
neck  an'  flirted  it  ofE,  an*  it  wuz  a  great  yerriwig.     Of.  £.  pit-a-pat. 

PIT-fiOT,  sb.  a  contemptuoos  term  for  a  miner  or  ooUier. — ^Wbll- 

DfOTON. 

PIT-WOOD,  «&.  timber-wood  for  the  common  purposes  of  mining 
operations.  For  these  Larch  is  the  best  adapted,  firom  its  greater 
pliancy.    Oom.— M.  T. 

PIZE  [pei'z],  expl.  a  strong  form  of  expression ;  a  mild  kind  of 
anathema. — Wuitchuboh.  (1)  '  What  thejHze  han  yo'  got  to  do  wi'  it  ? ' 
(2)  '  Pize  on  them  naughty  lads,  oonna  they  let  that  poor  cat  alone  ? ' 
'  My  Uncle  was  petulant,  .  .  .  He  ran  into  all  those  peculiarities 
of  words,  for  which  you  have  so  often  raillied  him — ^His  <M$heart,  . .  . 
his  What  a  pize,  his  hatred  of  shiUf^-shaUyJ-^Sir  Charles  Orafidimm, 
voL  vL  p.  63,  ed.  1776. 
See  J.  O.  Halliwsll'b  Nursery  Rhymes  of  England,  DLXI. 


328  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

PIZT  [pei'zi],  adj.  peevish;  irritable^  —  'a  pizy  owd  maid*— 
Wellinoton;  Newport. 

PLACK  Fplak],  (1)  ah,  a  plot  of  ground. — ^Pultkbbatch  ;  Cobvb 
Dale  ;  Ellesmebe.  '  Yo*n  got  a  eood  ojodk  for  tatoes  i'  the  £bl11ow, 
Tummas.'  'Vertj  well,  o'ny  tiieers  sich  a  moif  o'  chickexi-weed.' 
See  Placket  (l),  below. 

(2)  «6.  an  allotment  of  work;  ajob.— Wem;  Ellbsmese;  OerwES- 
TBT.  '  Tedut  wunna  want  for  work  this  good  bit,  the  Squire's  gid  'im 
tkpktck  as'U  las'  Im  o'er  Miamas.* 

(3)  »b.  a  situation ;  a  berth. — Pulyebbatch  ;  Ck>BYE  Dale.  Qy. 
com.  '  John's  a  rar  plack  at  the  paas'n's,  'e  looks  as  if  'e  didna  crack 
many  djef  nuts.' 

PLACKET  fplak-itl,  (1)  sb.  the  diminutive  of  ^ pUuk^  a  plot  of 
ground. — Cobvb  Dale.  A  little  hamlet  built  on  some  old  common 
allotment  is  called,  '  The  Oolden  PladceU*    See  Plack  (1),  above. 

(2)  $h,,  obsoU.  the  slit  in  the  skirt  of  a  woman's  drees  which  admits 
of  its  being  passed  over  the  head — ^Pulvbrbatgh.  Qy.  com.  _ '  Mind 
as  yo'  maken  the  flacket  lung  enough  i'  my  gownd,  or  else  it'll  tar 
every  time  it  gwuz  on.' 

Pegge  has  *  Placket-hole^  a  pocket-hole.    York.    From  the  Scots.' 

PLACKET-BOABD  [buo'h'r'd],  ah,  the  back-board  of  a  waggon.  It 
slips  inside  the  *  cratch,'  and  is  used  when  the  load  being  of  a  loose 
nature,  such  as  lime,  is  liable  to  shed  through  the  open  '  cratch.'— 
Whitchuboh;  Ellesmebe. 

PLAS,  pret  pleaded. — Pulvbbbatch.  '  The  Missis  o$d  a  tamed  'ei 
off,  but  the  Maister,  *eplad  for  'er.* 

*And  long  for  hir  forsothe  he  pladde* — Chron,  Vilodun,,  p.  108, 
in  Hal.    See  Pled. 

PLADE  pplai'd],  v.  n.  to  argue. — Pulverbatoh.  To  eroas-plade  is  to 
contracUct.  'Tummas  an'  me  han  bin  pladin'  an'  croBi-plMdin*  about 
them  apples ;  'e  says  as  they  won  got  afore  Miamas,  an'  I  say  as 
they  wunna.' 

PLADE  PASDOV.    See  Plead-pardon. 

PLAHKy  V.  a.,  pec.  to  chaige  *  point-blank '  so  as  to  inculpate ;  to 
convict. — ^PuLVEBBATOH.  *  Ifs  no  use  yo'  sayin'  yo'  didna,  fur  'ere  the 
eggs  bin  to  spake  fur  tharselves,  so  yo*n  plankt  the  lie  on  yoresell' 

PLAY,  (1)  V.  n.  to  swarm :  said  of  bees. — Pulvebbatch  ;  Brido- 
NOBTH.  *  Two  'ives  played  in  one  day.  Sir.'  The  bees  are  said  to 
play  high,  or  play  low,  as  the  case  may  be. 

(2)  eb,  the  first  swarm  of  bees  in  the  season  from  one  hive. — Clee 

HOiLS. 

*  A  play  of  bees  in  Ma3r's  wuth  a  noble  the  same  day ; 
A  play  in  June's  perty  soon ; 
A  play  in  July  's  nod  wuth  a  butterfly.' 
See  Bunt  (2).  ^"^^^  Ihggerd  Rime. 

(3)  V,  n.  to  fly  high  and  sweep  through  the  air,  as  rooks  do.— 
Pulvebbatch.  *  'Ow  the  rooks  playen  about  to-day ! — ^it's  a  sign  we 
sha'n  &ve  a  starm  afore  lung.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.  329 

(4)  V.  n.,  pec.  to  do  no  work ;  to  spend  the  time  in  idleness. — Shrbws- 
buby;  Pulverbatoh;  Newport.  •Theer's  mighty  little  doin'  at 
the  mines  now ;  the  men  wun  playin*  one  'afe  thar  time  las'  wik,  an' 
theer  wuz  a  lot  sacked  [discharged]  las'  reck'nin'.' 

A.S.  plegiauy  to  amuse  one's  self. 

PLAZEN  [plai'zn],  sb,  pL  places,  i,  e.  situations,  as  for  domestic 
servants. — ^Newport.  *  Plazen  's  none  so  plentiful  as  what  they  wuz : ' 
said  the  mother  of  an  aspiring  maid-of-all-work  [1880]. 

PLEACH  [plai'ch],  v.  a.  to  remake  a  hedge  by  intertwining,  &c.-^ 
same  as  Lay,  q.y. — Shrewsbury;  PuLVERBATCfH ;  Worthen;  Glee 
Hills  ;  Oswestry.  Qy.  com.  '  I'll  back  John  to  plaich  a  'edge 
6dth  any  mon,  'e  does  it  like  basket-work.' 

<  And  all  her  husbandry  doth  lie  in  heaps. 

.        .        .        .        .  her  hedges  even-pZeocVrf, 
Like  prisoners  wildly  overgrown  with  hair, 

Put  forth  disorder'd  twigs ' 

K.  Henry  F,  V.  ii  42. 

PLEACHEBS,  same  as  Layers,  q.  y. — Pulyerbatch  ;  Clee  Hills  ; 
Wbllinqton. 

PLEAD  PAADOH  [plai'd],  phr.  to  ask  pardon.  Qy.  com.  '  Well, 
I  tell  yo'  whad,  if  yo'  dunna  plade  pardon,  yo'n  lose  yore  plack,  fur  I 
'eard  me  Maister  say  so.' 

PLED,  pret  pleaded. — Worthex.  '  'E  pled  66th  me  to  gie  the  poor 
chap  another  chance.' 

*The  well-known  story  of  the  presbyter  deposed  from  his  office 
for  forging  the  Acts  of  "Paul  and  Thecla,  although  he  pled  that  he 
.    had  done  so  from  the  love  of  Paul.' — Contemporary  Review,  p.  602. 
April,  1869. 
Pled  is  an  established  Scotticism.    Cf.  Plad. 

PLIX,  (1)  adj,^  var. pr,  perpendicular;  plumb.  Com.  'The  oven 
inna  set  plim  to  the  grate.' 

(2)  V.  a.  to  adjust  by  plumb-line.    Com. 
PLIX-BOB,  sb,  the  line  and  plummet. — Whitchurch. 

PLOTTOH  [plou-].  The  parts  of  a  plough  here  presented  in  a 
tabulated  form,  will  be  found  explained  as  they  occur  in  the  order  of 
their  respective  initial  letters  in  fiie  body  of  the  Glossary : — 

Buck(l),ELLE8HERE.  (The  Kay  (2). 

locality   was    omitted   in   its  ]|ICaster-tail 

pr^rplaoe.)  Kould-board. 

?y-*^  Paddle. 

°°^'-  SheU-board. 

0OP.U  (1)  (2)  (3). 

Oop-wedge.  g^^ 

^oo*  (2).  «  M 

tn      )«i  Tail*. 

Flay  (2). 


330  SHROPSHIBS  WORD-BOOK. 

PLOVOH-HOHDAT,  $h.,  obg.  the  Monday  next  after  Twelfth-Bay. 
— ^Pulysbbatgh;  Ellesmekb.    See Bk.  H.,  Folkhre,  Ac,  *  Ciuioiii&' 

FLVCK,  sb.  the  heart,  liyer,  and  lights  of  a  sheep, — '  ship's  yed  an' 
pliuJcJ    Com.    See  P/tidk  in  Wedo.    Gfl  Pmninice. 

PLVCKEBrDOWH.     See  Croit^slofL 

PLVOKDIO  [pluk'in],  (1)  pari,  adj.  twitching. — Pulyerbatch. 

(2)  •&.  a  neryous  twitching;  S.  Yitns's  Danoe. — ^PiTLYSiiBATaH ; 
WoBTHBX ;  Wem.  '  Mother,  theei's  snmmat  the  matter  d6th  mj 
eye — ^it*B  plwMn**  *  I  wish  yo'd'n  a  plttekin*  i'  yore  'eels  to  get  out  a 
my  road.' 

PLTTO,  r.  a.  to  pull ;  to  pluck, — *  lir's  pluggifC  my  yar.' — Shbkws- 
bxtby;  Pxtlterbatch;  ClbeHill8.    G£  Pn^. 

PLTJM-BIBD,  sb,  the  Bullfinch. — ^Pulvbbbatch. 

PLTTK-BTJDDEE,  same  as  above.— Wobthbn.  To  the  Bullfinch's 
well-known  habit  of  feedi^  on  the  buds  of  fruit-treea  is  this  local 
name  doubtless  due.    See  Hope. 

PLXJT8,  9b.  pi.  temporary  pools  of  water. — Bridonobth.  Connected 
with  E.  pU>d  =  to  walk  through  puddles.  See  Sxsat's  Ebym  Did, 
C£  Flash. 

PODGSL  [poj'il],  v.  n.  to  do  anything  in  a  clumsy  way. — ^Whit- 

GHX7B0H. 

PODOELLIVO,  part,  adj,  clumsy;  awkward.— J&kl.  'Whad  bin 
'ee  podgeUifC  at  P — I  nerer  seed  sioh  a  podgtUifC  fellow.' 

P0KB-PXn>DnrO,  «&  the  Long-tailed  Titmouse.  —  BmnoNOBrB. 
See  Bottle-Tit. 

POLLIVOEB,  «5.,  var,  pr,,  oS».t  a  one-handed  cup  of  coarse  pottery, 
used  fbr  broth,  milk,  &o.,  for  farm-servants, — a  porringer.  Sometimes 
called  a  poUinger-eup, — Pulyebbatoh  ;  Wobthek.  *  Al'ays  bread 
the  men's  poUingera,  an'  pfit  the  bread  an'  cheese  o*  the  &ble  o*er 
night.'    See  Piggin  (1). 

POmCE  rpum'i'sl,  sb,  the  apple-pulp  after  the  juice  has  been 
expressedthrough  the  '  cider-nairs. — Oles  Hills. 

'  Pomace  {from  poma),  the  dross  of  Cyder  pressings ;  Pugs,  some 
call  it  Muste.'— Blount's  Glaaographia,  p.  601. 

Cf.  Muat,  also  Pouse  (3). 

POMMELLBB^  sb.  a  pavior's  mallet. — ^Nbwpobt.    Cf.  Ponner. 

POMPEBS,  POMPSTS  [pom*pur^z],  Wobthen.  rpom-petsl,  PulvsB' 
BATCH,  ah.  pi.,  obwl;  shallow  vessels  of  coarse  earthenware  for  setting 
milk  in  for  wkitntning 

POVSHOYEL,  sb.  a  shovel  slightly  turned  up  at  the  sides,  used  for 
spreading  lime. — ^Whitchxtbgh. 

P0SCH  rp56ch-],  (1)  sb.f  var.  pr.  a  wicker  strainer  placed  over  the 
spigot -nolo  withm  the  mash -tub  to  prevent  the  jmins  paesing 
through  into  the  wort— Pulvbbbatoh;  Wobthen;  ^avenAbics; 
Clxtn. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  331 

*  Pouehei  andrackingtaps.' — AucHoneer^s  Ca<a2oi7ti€(GhuiohStretton), 
1877.    A.S.  pocca,  a  pouch.    Gf.  MaoBhing-baaket. 

(2)  V,  n.,  var,  pr,  to  thrust  out  the  lips  in  a  sullen,  discontented 
manner ;  to  pouch,  or  pout. — ^Wem. 

PDOCHin  [pSSchinl,  sb,  a  wicker  eel-trap. — ^Much  Wbnlock; 
WsLLiNOTON.    Gf.  :Ptt5ch  (1),  aboYo. 

POOL  [pool*],  (1)  ib.  a  large  natural  sheet  of  water, — a  lake,  as 
'  Marton-Pool,'  with  which  several  streams  are  connected.  '  Llyn- 
dys  Pool,'  &o.  The  FociU  lie  for  the  most  part  in  N,  8hr,  It  may  be 
noted  here  that  the  term  Lake  is  neyer  employed  in  Shropshire  folk- 
speech  to  denote  a  large  sheet  of  water ;  when  used,  it  means  a  smaU, 
temporary  puddle, — '  theroiUi's  aU  in  Uikes  after  the  rain.' 

Goxnpare  '  Fool,  or  ponde  of  watyr.    Stagnutn,*  in  Prompt,  Parv. 

^K.^,p6l;  O.Du.  pod;  M.H.Oer.  pfud,  a  pool'— STKiiT. 

Gf.  Here  (2).    See  Bk.  n..  Folklore,  ftc,  *  liCgends.' 

(2)  [poo*l],  V,  a.  and  v.  ».,  var.  fr.  to  pulL  Gom.  'Well,  Jane, 
yon  got  married,  I  'ear.'  'Ave,  an'  I  amma  ofeard  but  whad  we 
sha'n  do  well,  an'  one  pool  each  way.'  Both  puU  together  is  what 
Jane  Binsley  meant  to  express. 

*  1565  It.  for  Wm  Boe  line  ^on^rs  table  and  his  mans  about  jM)o{»n^ 
downe  the  window  ^  wykes  ix'  iiij'.' — Churchwarden^  Accounts  of  the 
Abbey,  Shrewsbury. 

POOLIH 0-BOHE,  same  as  Draw-bone,  q.  t. — Shbewsbuby  ;  Ellks- 


(2)v. 
'edge,  h 


POBE  [poa*ar'],  (1)  v.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  intrude. — ^Pulvbrbatoh  ;  Glee 
Hills.     '  'Er  hanna  invited  me,  so  I  shanna  pore  myself.' 

'  In  eyery  hous  he  gan  to  pore  and  prie. 
And  begged  mele  and  cheee,  or  elles  com.' 

Ghauoeb,  C.  T.,  1.  7320. 

a.  to  thrust — ^Wobtheit.    '  I  pored  a  sight  o'  thums  i'  the 
[ge,  but  a  lot  o'  greet  jowts  [big,  rough  ladsj  comen  an'  maden 
another  glat.' 

POBKET,  sb.  a  young  pig  fatted  for  killing — a  porkling. — Shbbwb- 
BUBT ;  PuLYEBBATOH ;  Weic  Qy.  com.  *  I  shall  feed  up  a  couple 
o'  them  little  pigs  fiir  j9orA^,  they^n  do  fiir  present  use  an'  save  we 
big  bacon.' 

POSKT,  cuij,  stout;  corpulent. — Pulvbrbatch;  Wem.  ^'Ow  the 
young  Maister  's  bamished  I — ^'e's  gettin'  quite  porky.* 

POSH  rposli'Jy  (1)  9b.  a  sudden  gush,  as  of  water,  &c  Gom. 
'Whaa'n'ee  think  that  child's  doneP — ^pool'd  the  spigot  out  o'  the 
maahin'-tub,  an'  the  drink  come  out  sich  &po$h,  'e  met  as  well  a  bin 
Boauded  to  4ieth.' 

(2)  $b.  a  heavy  rain-fiJl,  as  of  a  thunder  shower.  Gom.  *  Yo'd'n 
better  fiitch  them  tuthree  rakin's,  ftir  be'appen  we  sha'n  '&Te  a  po»h  o* 
wet  to^rt  middle  day  Ven  Uie  sun  an'  winde  gef  n  together.'  Gom- 
pare  M.E.  pa$h  =  dash.    See  Piere  PI.,  Text  A.  pass.  y.  1.  16. 

POSS,  V.  a.  to  plash  up  and  down  in  the  water,  as  washerwomen  do 


332  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

when  rinsing  their  clothes.  Com.  'These  things  bin  ready  fiir 
swillin',  get  plenty  o'  waiter  an*  pos8  'em  well  to  clier  *em.' 

*  And  therin  thay  keste  hir,  and  possede  hir  up  and  downe,  and 
sayd,  take  the  this  bathe  for  thi  slewthe  and  thi  glotonye.* — MS. 
Lincohiy  A.  1.  17,  f.  2d3»  in  Hal. 

Jamieson  gives  '  To  PowSf  to  drive  clothes  hastily  backwards  and 
forwards  in  the  water  in  the  act  of  washing.'  See  Pitrs  PI.,  ProL,  L 
151.     E.  push  =:  M.R  posse  =  O.  Fr.  pousser  :=  Lat.  piJsare, 

P0S8EL,  sb,  a  state  of  soft,  wet,  swampy  saturation. — ^Whitchurch. 
*  Yo*  conna  g55  o'  the  leasow  now,  the  ground's  all  of  a  possd,' 

POSTS  [poas'i'z],  Shrewsbury;  Ellbsmere.  [puo'u'sl  Pulverbatch. 
[puos-nj,  Chttroh  Stretton.    [puos-ts],  Clun,  sb.  pi.  posts. 

POST  [poa'zf],  sb.  a  bunch  of  flowers ;  a  nosegay.     Com. 

'  A  pretie  Posie  gathered  is  of  Flowers,  Hearbes,  and  Weedes 

This  Posie  is  so  pickt,  and  choysely  sorted  throw 
There  is  no  Flower,  Herbe,  nor  Weede,  but  serves  some  purpose  now.* 
George  Gascoione's  Posies  (a.d.  1573),  ed.  Hazlitt,  voL  L  p.  20. 

'  O  Luve  will  venture  in,  where  it  daur  na  weel  be  seen, 
O  luve  will  venture  in,  where  wisdom  ance  has  been ; 
But  I  will  down  yon  river  rove,  amang  the  wood  sae  green. 
And  a'  to  pu  a  Posie  to  my  ain  dear  May. 

The  primrose  I  will  pu\  the  firstling  o'  the  year, 
And  I  will  pu'  the  pink,  the  emblem  o'  my  dear, 
For  she's  the  pink  o'  womankind,  and  blooms  without  a  peer : 
And  a'  to  be  a  Posie  to  my  ain  dear  May.' 

Robert  Burns,  Poems,  p.  205. 

The  plural  form  posies  is  used  for  growing  flowers.    See  below. 

POST-KNOT,  8b.  a  flower-bed.  Com.  'Mother,  they  bin  mikin' 
the  paas*n's  garden  so  nice — sich  pretty  posy-knots,  diaments,  an* 
rounds,  an'  some  like  a  fir-bob ;  Dick  the  gardener  says  theer*ll  be 
sich  pretty  posies,  poUyantuses,  an*  riccaluses,  qulips,  an*  all  sorts,— 
the  blue  segs  bin  to  go  by  the  pool,  an'  the  pianets  mto  the  s'rubbery.' 

*  When  our    .    .    garden    ....... 

Is  full  of  weeds,  her  fairest  fiowers  chok'd  up, 
Her  fruit  trees  all  unprun*d,  her  hedges  ruin'd, 
Her  knots  disordered,  and  her  wholesome  herbs 
Swarming  with  caterpillars.' 

K.  Bichard  IL,  HI.  iv.  46. 

POT.    See  Weights  and  Heasures,  p.  Ixxxv. 

POTATOES  [tai'tu'zl,  Shrewsburt  ;  Pulverbatoh.  Qy.  com. 
[ti'ae'tu'z],  Cltjk.  [chaat'u'z],  Brxdgkorth.  [tit'uz],  Et.t.ksmekb, 
sb.  pi.  potatoes. 

POT-BALL,  sb.  a  dumpling  made  of  dough;   a  piece  of  dough 

about  the  size  of  an  egg  is  thrown  into  a  pot  of  boilin?  water,  and 

boiled  till  it  rises  to  the  surface,  when  it  is  taken  out  and  served  with 

hot  treacle, — it  is  '  nod  'afe  bad.'    Com. 

Bandle  Holme  enumerates  '  A  Pot  Ball  or  Dumpling  .  .  of  Bread,' 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  333 

amongst  the  dishes  for  the  'First  Course'  in  a  'Bill  of  Fare.' — 
Acadefiny  of  Armory,  Bk.  IH.  ch.  iii.  p.  79. 

POT-CAKE,  ah,  a  cake  of  dongh  baked  in  an  iron  pot  over  the  fire. 
— PuLVBBBATCH.  Qy.  com.  'That  Jazey  Owen's  a  poor  needless 
piece,  'er's  messed  all  the  bit  o'  laisin'  away  i'  pot-cakes,  instid  o' 
yeatin'  the  oven.*     Of.  Coal-cakeB. 

POTCH,  r.  a.  and  v,  n,  to  poke;  to  thrust.  A  weak  form  of 
poke,  Qy.  com.  A  little  school-child  was  complained  of  to  his 
teacher  for  'potching  pins'  into  his  neighbour. 

'True  sword  to  sword,  I'll  potch  at  him  some  way.' — Coriolanus, 
I.  X.  15. 

POTE  [poa't],  V.  a,  to  push  or  kick  with  the  feet.  Com.  '  Them 
lads  ban  poted  these  sheets  through  a'ready.' 

Ash  gives  *  Pote  (a  local  word),  to  push.' 

Mr.  Skeat  says  tnat  *pote  is  nothing  but  our  common  yerb,  to  put, 
in  the  original  sense  o^  to  push.  To  put  out,  when  used  of  a  snail 
putting  out  its  horns,  means,  to  push  out ;  another  variety  is  "  pout," 
which  means,  to  push  out  the  lips  .  .  .  .' 

'Pote  is  closely  allied  to  "but,"  to  push  with  the  horns.' — 'Local 
Notes  and  Queries '  in  Manchester  Guardian,  Jan.  26th,  1874. 

See  Put  (1). 

POTECAEY  [pot'i'kaer'i],  sb.,  ohsols,  an  apothecary. — Shrewsbury  ; 
PuLVERBATCH.  '  'Er's  Din  t&kin'  stuff  from  Pugh  the  potecury,  an' 
'e's  as  ^ood  as  a  doctor,  on'y  'e  hanna  walked  the  'ospitals.' 

'  He  IS  agreid  to  pay  ^epotycarye  afkyr  that  he  have  the  inventory 
fro  vow.' — Pation  Letters,  A,D.  1472,  voL  iii.  p.  48. 

Mr.  Pege^  says,  '  I  incline  to  believe  that  it  [Potecary"^  is  radically 
the  Spani^  word  boticario,  as  botica  in  that  language  more  emphatic- 
ally sij^nifies  the  shop  of  an  apothecary,  as  opposed  to  the  itmerant 
empinck :  and  the  permutation  of  b  and  p  is  very  common ' 

'In  the  Comedy  of  the  Four  P's  by  J,  Heywood,  published  1569, 
one  of  them  is  the  Poticary  ....  They  are  the  Poticary,  the  Pedlar, 
the  Palmer,  and  the  Pardoner,  Heywood,  who  was  a  man  of  learn- 
ing, would  hardly  have  made  a  Poticary  one  of  his  characters,  had  he 
not  been  conscious  that  he  was  riffht,  when  there  were  so  many  others 

with  the  same  initial  that  would  nave  answered  the  purpose ' 

— Anecdotes  of  t?ie  English  Language,  p.  72. 

In  M.E.  no  other  form  was  used, — Ohaucer  has  '  potecarie,*  0,  T,, 
1.  12786. 

POTHEBT  [pudh'ur'i'],  adj.  hot;  close. — Shrewsbury;  Pulvbr- 
BATOH ;  Wem.  Qy.  com.  '  It  wuz  mighty  pothery  about  three  o'clock 
this  onder — I  thought  we  shoulden  a  'ad  thunder,  but  it  cUered  ofL' 

POTJVDED  [poa'ndid],  {l)pari.  adj.  pent  up,  as  of  a  stream  which 
has  been  dammed. — Fxtlverbatoh  ;  Wem.  '  They'n  bin  gropin'  fur 
trout  I  sp^ect,  I  see  the  bruck's  pounded.*  A  mill-pound  is  the  back- 
water which  is  held  in  reserve  for  the  supply  of  the  milL 

'  )»at  pound  ys  byclypped  aboute  wil^  six  score  rooches and 

^re  score  ryuers  eome^  in-to  ^at  pound,  and  non  of  ham  alle  eome^ 
in-to  )»e  se  hot  on.'— John  of  Treyisa  [a.i>.  1387],  Description  of 
Britain.     8pecim.  Early  Eng.,  zviii.  a.  U.  94 — 97. 

'  Punden,  A.S.  pyndan,  to  ^ut  up,  indudsre.* — Strat. 


334  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

(2)  part  adj,  pent  iip  and  overcharged:  said  of  milk  and  the 
Tntt-mTnnft. — IbU.  (1)  '  That  child  may  well  look  bad,  gettin'  nnthin' 
bat  pounded  milk  every  night ;  its  mother  '0  bin  i*  the  filda  this  wik 
or  nme  days,  toppin'  an'  buttin'  tormita,  an'  'er  couldna  mind  it  same 
as  if  'er  wuz  a-wham.'  (2)  '  Tak'  oar*  an'  drip  them  cows  clane,  or 
we  sha'n  be  'ftvin  oans  i'  thar  elders — see  'ow  a  bin  pounded/  CL 
Caned. 

POTJVBS-OF-SVOAB,  sb.  pi.  the  seed-vessela  of  the  Foxglove. — 

PXTLVESBATCH. 

POTJHDSTOHE  [pou-nsi'n],  sh.  dirt  lying  next  under  the  coal,— the 
coal-floor.    Com.— M.  T. 

POTTK  [pou'k],  (1)  8h.  a  sty  on  the  eye. — ^Pulvbbbatoh  ;  Ludlow  ; 
Newpobt. 

(2)  th,  a  small  spot  or  pustule  of  any  kind. — Shbxwsbubt  ;  Eixss- 
MBRE.    Povk  ^  pock, 

*  Scab  is  a  drv  sore,  proceeding  from  a  Potiib,  or  waterish  Blister.* 
— Academy  of  Armory ^  Bk.  11.  on.  xviL  p.  428. 

*  Hec  porigOf  a  poke,'  occurs  in  a  NominaU,  xv.  cent,  in  Wr.  vocabei, 
vol.  L  p.  224. 

O.Du.  poeke,  idem.    Cf.  Paekle. 

P01TSB  [pou's],  (I)  8b,tk  mixed  and  varied  crop  of  grain  and  pulse,  aa 
oats,  pease,  and  vetches ;  oats  and  vetches ;  oats,  barley,  and  pease — 
frequentlv  used  as  green  fodder  for  horses. — C&avbn  Abhs;  Cues 
Hills;  Bkidgvobth. 

'  Pousse  '—explained  in  the  '  Glosse '  as  pecue  [=  pulse]  — occurs  in 
The  Shepheards  Calender  [August]  : — 

'  Per,  That  shall  3ronder  heardgrome,  and  none  other, 
Which  over  the  pousee  hetheward  doth  post' — 1.  46. 

(2^  sh.  refuse,  as  of  the  fraements  of  pods  after  threshing  pulse,  or 
of  clover  when  the  seed  has  been  milled  out,  &c. — ^Wobthisn  ;  Clsb 
Hills  ;  Welungton.  Pouee^  in  a  similar  sense  of  refuse,  is  used  in 
LancaiQiire.  Many  years  ago  a  veryold  lady,  a  native  of  that  county, 
on  being  asked  by  Mr.  Jackson,  *  Whether  during  her  long  life  she 
had  not  witnessed  great  changes  P ' — apropos  to  societv — replied  : 
'  Well,  the  chief  chan^  I  have  seen  are,  that  the  '*|>atMe  is  become 
quality,  and  the  quabty  ** pause**  /' 

(3)  sh,  the  refuse  of  the  apple  pulp  when  all  the  cider  has  been 
expressed~*the  'caput  mortuum.  — Wobthen ;  Cleb  Hills.  0£ 
Pomice. 

POWEB,  sb,  a  great  deal;  a  great  quantity  or  number.  Conu 
'  By-gum,  Master,  if  Td  a  knowed  as  I'd  a  bin  so  thirstv  to-day,  Vd 
a  drank  a  power  more  isterd'y.'  So  said  a  butcher — who  had  been 
'  in  his  cups '  the  preceding  day — to  a  country  gentleman,  as  riding 
together  across  the  Hills  to  a  tux  at  Churdi  Stretton,  they  stopped  at 
a  orook-side  to  water  their  horses,  and  the  speaker  dismounting, 
made  a  cup  of  his  palm,  and  drank  copiousl^r  from  the  stream. 

*  BiaH.  But  if  the  comuror  be  but  well  paid,  hell  take  pains  upon 
the  ghost  and  lay  him,  look  ye,  in  the  Bed  Sea — and  then  he's  kid 
for  ever. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  335 

*  Oardn,  Why,  Jobn,  there  must  be  tLpovftr  of  spirits  in  that  same 
Bed  Sea,  I  warrant  ye  Uiey  are  as  plenty  as  fish.' — Addison's 
Drummer,  in  Wr.    Ct  Sight. 

POWERATIOH,  ab,  a  great  quantity, — '  a  poweration  o'  rain.'  Com. 
GflKort. 

PBAISEV  [pi^ai'zn],  v.  a.,  p,  t^  pi.  praise.  Com.  'Han'ee  tried 
this  newfangled  oonee  as  they  sen's  made  thrum  dandelions  P — ^I  wuz 
thinkin'  o'  gettin'  some,  far  uiey  praisen  it  oncommon.' 

'  .  .  William  l^at  bold  bam  *  )>at  alle  bumes  praisen,^ 

William  of  Faleme,  I.  617. 

PKAB  FpraaV],  sb.,  var.  pr.  pec,  an  implied  imprecation,  a  prayer, — 
'  I  gidr  im  a  prar,* — Shbewsbubt  ;  Fxtlyebbatgh.    Qy.  com. 

PBAB8,  sb.  pi,,  var.  /w.  prayers.  Com.  '  Good  night.  Missis,  an' 
God  blejss  yo' : '  said  WiUiam  Ohidley  to  a  friendly  neighbour, — 
*  €k>od-niRht,  young  Missis ' — ^to  her  daughter.  '  Gk)od-nieht,  Chidley,' 
responded  the  old  '  Missis,'  'an'  God  bless  yo' ;  I  'ope  ya  thinken  on 
God,  an'  dunna  furget  to  say  yore  prars.'  *  Say  my  prar$  !  *  replied 
Ghidley,  '  no,  I  dunna  fr^g^t  'em,  Isay  'em  eyery  night— the  liord's 
prar,  an'  the  Belif,  an'  the  Ten  Commandments,  an'  a  power  on  it' 

PSAITHCE  [pr^auns],  v.  n,  to  deport  one's  self  in  a  high  and  mighty 
kind  of  way. — Shbewsbxjby;  Pulyebbatoh.  'To'  shoulden  jest 
see  him  praunce  about  as  if  'e  wuz  Lord  o'  the  Manor ;  'e'U  do  it  a  bit 
too  much,  an'  then  be'appen  'e'll  g5o  down  &ster  than  'e  got  up.' 

'  So  growen  great,  through  arrogant  delight 
Of  th'  high  descent  whereof  he  wasybome. 

That,  when  the  knieht  he  spyde,  he  gan  adyaunoe 
With  huge  force  ana  insupportable  mayne. 
And  towardes  him  with  dreadfull  {ary  praunce,' 

Spenser,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  I.  c  yii.  sts.  x.  zL 

[pr'au'ntin],  part.  adj.  prancing ;  curvetting :  said  of 


a  mettlesome  horse. — Shbewsbubt;  Pitlyebbatgh.    Qy.com.    0£ 
Aunty-praunty. 

PRIAL  [pr'ei*ul],  sb.  three  cards  of  one  kind, — a  term  employed  in 
the  games  of  Costly,  Commerce,  &c.,  and  which  is  known  to  be 
corrupted  from  pair-royal.    Qy.  com. 

'  A  pair  is  a  pair  of  any  two,  as  two  kings,  two  queens,  &c.  A 
pair-roycd  is  of  three,  as  uiree  kings,  three  queens,  &c' — The  Com- 
plete  Gamester,  p.  106,  in  Nabes.    See  Oostly. 

PBICKEB,  same  as  Vild  (2).— Oswestry,  St.  MaHins  ;  M.  T, 
*PunetoriwM,  a  prykker.' — Nominale  MS.,  in  Hal. 
A.S.  prica,  a  pnck ;  a  point. 

PTlTTiL,  sb.  a  streamlet  of  clear  water,  a  rill ;  a  runnel  from  a  spring. — 
Pulyebbatoh;  ChubohStbetton;  Cluw;  MuohWenlook;  Well- 
INOTOK ;  Wem.  <  I  wuz  mighty  glad  to  see  the  poor  owd  place  agen 
after  so  many  *ears — ^I  could  aumust  a  cried  w'en  I  sid  the  little  jm^2 
runnin'  an'  ripnlin'  alung  the  Yery  same  as  w'en  gran'mother  wuz 
aUye,  an'  I  £At(med  waiter  from  the  well  frir  her  tay, — ^it  seemed  the 
on'y  thing  lef  as  wunna  changed.'     Cf.  Bindel. 


336  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

PBIHK-XJP,  V.  n,  to  revive,  as  plants  do  when  recovering  from 
transplantation.— PuLVEKBATCH ;  Wem;  Eixesheks.  'The  buh'b 
laid  tnem  cabbidge-plants  flat  o*  the  groan',  but  they'n  j»rtr«Jk-itp  Ven 
the  je'ow  comes  on  'em.' 

'  Do  yon  not  see  howe  these  newe  &ngled  pratling  elfee, 
Prinke  up  so  pretty  late  in  every  place  ?  * 

Old  Flay,  in  Nabes. 
Cf.  Perk-up. 

PEITCH  [pr'ich],  (1)  sh,  a  staff  of  wood  about  three  feet  in  length, 
steel-pointed  at  one  end,  and  attached  at  the  other,  by  two  iron  *  eyes ' 
to  the  axle-tree  of  a  cart.  Its  purpose  is  to  *  scotch '  the  cart,  when 
^oing  up-hill,  which  it  does  by  means  of  the  steel-pointed  end  sticking 
into  the  ground,  at  a  given  distance  ftom,  the  axle-tree.  On  level 
ground,  the  priich  either  drags  after  the  cart,  or  otherwise  is  held  op 
beneath  it,  by  a  short  chain  and  a  hook.  Com.  Pritch  is  a  weak 
form  of  prick.    A.S.  prica,  a  prick ;  a  point. 

(2)  ah.  a  long  pole  famished  with  an  iron  fork  at  one  end,  used  by 
Severn  boatmen  for  propelling  their  boats, — a  river  term. 

PBlVX  [pr'ivi*],  sh,  Ligxiatrum  vulgare,  common  Privet, — 'the 
Privy-'edge  is  in  blow.' — ^Wem  ;  Ellesmsbb. 

,  *  Set  priuie  or  prim 
Set  Doxe  like  mm.' 
TussEB  [Septembers  abstract],  p.  33,  ed.  E.  D-  ^ 

PSIZE  [pr'ei'z],  v.' a,  to  force  up,  or  open;  to  compel  to  let  go,  as 
by  wrestling  with,  or  by  any  other  means.     Com. 

Compare  Shakespeare*s  *  bony  prUer ' — the  strong  wrestler  who 
could  lift  and  throw  over  his  antagonist— in,  As  You  Like  It,  IL  iiL  S< 

See  FroB. 

PEODIOAL,  arfj.,  pec.  proud  ;  upstart. — Pulverbatch  ;  WoBTHBTf ; 
Wem.  *  'E's  a  poor  prodigal  auf — dunna  know  whose  legs  'e  stands 
on,  but  be'appen  'e'll  find  it  out  w'en  'e  buys  'is  own  shoes.' 

P&OFFE&  [pr'ofur'],  v.  a.  to  offer ;  to  tender  a  service.  Com. 
•  One  o'  yo'  chaps  mun  g66  an'  'elp  Jones  to-day,  they  proffereden  ufl 
a  mon  w'en  we  wun  thr^hin',  an' 

'*  Gift-gaff's  a  good  fellow. 
One  good  turn  desarves  another." ' 

'And  the  kny^tis  nei^eden,  and  scomeden  h3rm,  and  pro/rfden 
vynegre  to  hym.—Luke  xxiii.  36,  WicliflBte  version  [a.d.  1388]. 

PSOFLIOATE,  adj\,  pec.  prolific  Qy.  com.  *I  like  them  w'ite 
'tatoes  as  they  callen  *'  Farmers'  Glories  " — ^they  bin  the  most  projli- 
gate,* 

PBOO  [pr'oa-k],  (1)  v.  a.  to  poke,  as  of  the  fire,  &c.,— 'dunna 
proke  the  fire.'    Qy.  com.     W.  procio,  to  thrust;  to  stab. 

(2)  V,  a.  and  v.  n.  to  poke  into  or  about;  to  obtrude — 'prckin'iJ^ 
every  'ole  an'  comeL'  'Al'ays  prokes  'er  nose  into  other  folks'* 
business.'    Qy.  com. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC  337 

FBOKEB,  8b.  a  poker.     Qy.  com. 

'Basnett  stept  out  at  the  back  doore  and  Hinton  with  him,  and 
oomeine^  to  the  oyen  on  the  backside,  Basnett  tooke  a  peele  with 
which  tney  put  bread  into  the  oven,  and  Hinton  tooke  a  pole  which 
they  call  an  oyen  proaker.* — Qough's  History  of  Myddle,  p.  189. 

PBOHO,  «&.,  pec,  a  silver  or  plated  fork ;  in  contradistinction  to  the 
common  steel  fork  of  two  or  three  '  fangs.'    Com. 

'  Six  superior  quality  electro-plated  dinner  prongs.* — Auctionter*s 
CaJtalogue,  1877. 

Pegge  has  '  Prong,  a  fork ;  as  a  hay-prong,  a  muck-prong.  North.' 

See  Fang  (2). 

PBOSPSBATION,  sh.y  var.  pr.  prosperity. — Much  Wknlock. 

*  Frosperaiion 
to  the 
Corporation.* 

See  Bk.  11,,  FoUdore,  &o.,  '  Customs '  {Bailiff's  Feast,  Wsnlodc), 

PEOXJD-TAILOE,  ab.  the  Goldfinch.— Much  Wbnlock.  See  Mr. 
Nares  on  this  name— which  he  says  is  a  Warwickshire  one — ^for  the 
Goldfinch.    Cf.  Sheriff's-MazL    See  Jaok-Nicol. 

PBOYOEE,  V.  a.,  pec.  to  revoke, — 'to  provoke  a  bargain,'  is  an 
expression  often  heard. — ^Weh. 

PBOZ  [pr'oz*],  pret.  prized  ;  forced  by  any  means,  not  necessarily  by 
leverage, — '  Weproz  'im  off : '  said  of  making  a  dog  let  go  his  hold. — 
Whitchttech.    See  Prize. 

PUCK  [puk-],  pret.  picked, — '  bin  them  pars  shuk  or  'and  puck  ?  * — 
Clun;  Cosye Dale ;'Clee Hills;  MuohWenlock;  Wellinoton. 

PXJCELE,  «5.  a  pimple ;  a  pustule :  diminutive  of  j^ock. — Pulvbr- 
BATCH;  Wem. 
Du.  pttckle^-^idem.    Cf.  Pouk  (2). 

PTJPF-BALL,  sb.  same  as  Fuzzy-ball,  q.  v. — Shrewsbury  ;  Ludlow. 

PTTO,  V.  a.  to  pull,  as  of  entangled  hair. — Clee  Hills. 
Jamieson  has  *  To  Pug,  to  pull.    Perths.'    Cf.  Plug. 

PUOS,  (1)  sb.  pi.  tangled  locks  or  ends  of  hair. — Clee  Hilt^.  Cf . 
Litch  (2). 

(2)  same  as  Pens,  q.  v. — Shrewsbury. 

PUJLJS,  sb,  an  emetic. — Pulverbatch  ;  Wobthen.  '  That  child  inna 
well,  'er'd  better  '&ve  a  pvke  i'  the  momin'.' 

PUMHICE  [pumis],  sb.  the  heart,  liver,  and  lights  of  a  lamb. 
— Clun. 

^ '  Sheep  Pummtces  is  the  Head,  Heart,  Lights,  Liver,  and  Wind- 
pipe of  a  Sheep  all  hanging  together.     Lambs  Pum^myces,  is  the 
same  of  a  Lamb.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  iii.  p.  88. 
See  Jerks,  also  Race  (2). 

P1IMPLE-ST0HES,  sb.  pi  pebble-stones.— Atcham. 

Pegge  has  *  Pumple,  a  pimple.    Pumple  nose.    North.'    C£  Pimple. 

Z 


1 


338  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

PUV  [piion'],  t\  a.  to  kuock  ;  to  beat ;  to  pound.     Coin. 

(1)  '  Please,  Ma*am,  it  wuz  only  Betsey  punning  Sally  down  to  lay 
the  cloth.'  Buch  was  the  explanation  given  to  a  lady  who  enquired 
of  her  maid-servant  the  meaning  of  a  repeated  knocking  she  had 
heard  at  a  backstairs  door.  Sally  was  not  knocked  down,  but  was 
reminded  of  her  duty  by  Betsey  *  punning  at  the  door !  * 

(2)  '  The  Maister  says  I  mun  pun  the  bif-steak,  but  nuthin*  561 
ever  mak'  it  tender.'  *  Tell  'im  to  sen*  it  to  our  *ouse,  I  can  put  seven 
set  o'  tith  about  it,  as  o5n  soon  mak*  it  tender.* 

*  Thersites.  He  would  pun  thee  into  shivers  with  his  fist,  as  a  sailor 
breaks  a  biscuit.' — Troilua  and  Cressida,  II.  i.  42. 

'  To  stampe  or  punne  in  a  morter.* — Florio,  p.  6,  in  Hal. 

PUHD,  sb.  pi.  pounds, — *  'e  gid  six  pund  odd  fur  it.*     Com. 

*  A  gold  ring  drow  he  forth  anon 
An  hundred  pund  was  worth  ^e  ston.' 

Havdok  the  Dane,  L  1633. 

A.S.  pund,  sing,  and  pi.  alike. 
PUNOLED,  part,  adj.  embarrassed  in  money  matters.     '  If  Mr. 


had  a  large  income  he  would  not  be  so  pungled  as  he  is.' — ^Whit- 
church.    Compare  *  Pung,  a  purse,'  in  Hal. 

PTJVISHHENT,  sb.,  pec.  pain. — Ellbsmbrs,  WeWiampton.  'I 
maun  get  this  tuth  drawed,  fiir  I  conna  bar  the  punishment  no 
lunger. 

PunK,  sb.  Pohjporous  aqtiamosus,  the  Scaly  Polyporous.  A  white 
fungus  erowing  on  decayed  ash-trees,  which  in  its  dry  state  is 
possessed  of  great  elasticity,  and  will  rebound  like  an  Indian-rubber 
ball.— Bishop's  Castle  ;  Ulun. 

PUHITEB,  sb.  a  pavior's  mallet. — Nbwport.  See  Pnn.  Cf.  Pom- 
meller. 

PinirSE,  V.  a.  to  kick. — Newport.  *  The  red  moggy  paused  Daddy 
i'  the  face : '  said  a  little  Edgmond  child. 

PITSOT  [pur'*gi'],  adj.  conceited;  consequential. — Shrewsbury; 
Atoham;  Pulverbatch;  Wem.  •  Well,  yo' nee'na  be  so  ^ttr^,  yo' 
bin  none  so  'onsome,  an'  if  yo'  han  a  bit  o  money,  I  daresay  a  Httla 
'orse  can  carry  it.' 

PXTBOT-HOLE,  sb.  the  grated  ash-pit  in  front  of  a  kitchen  fire- 
place.— ^Newport.    Cf.  Pit-grate. 

PUBLED,  part.  adj.  become  lean,  by  reason  of  injury  or  overwork : 
said  of  beasts, — *  that  beast  looks  purled.^ — Wellinoton. 

PUEPLE  BEA-HETTLE,  sb.  the  red  Dead-nettle.— Pulverbatch. 
See  Trench-nettle.    Cf.  Dea-nettle. 

PITT  [put'],  (1)  sb.  an  attack,  as  by  a  cow. — Cube  Hills.     '  '£r  made 
a  put  at  me,  but  I  got  out  on  'er  road.* 
Jamieson  gives  *  To  Put,  to  push  with  the  head  or  horns.' 
'  Puttyn  or  schowyn.    Impello,  trudo.    To  put,  or  piish,  as  with  the 
head  or  horns,  a  verb  still  in  use  in  Yorkshire,  has  been  derived  from 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC   339 

bouter,  to  butt  Bobert  Brunne  uses  it  in  this  sense,  App.  to  Pref. 
oxciv.  "  To  putte,  pellere." — Cath.  Ano.'  Prompt  Farv,  and  Notes. 
Mr.  Skeat  says  that  j:>u^  is  of  Celtic  origin — QeieL  ptU;  Com.  poot ; 
W.  pwiiOf  to  push;  hence  the  Danish  putte.  And  if  Pr.  bouter  be 
related,  which  is  doubtful,  it  is  from  a  Celtic  source.  See  Pete.  Cf. 
Bunt  (1). 

J 2)  V.  n.  to  attack ;  to  fly  upon,  as  a  dog  would, — *  Now  p&t  at  'im, 

(S)  $b.  an  attempt ;   an  endeavour.  —  Wobthen  ;    Clbb  HiLLa 
'  Yo  n  do  it  some  time,  fur  yo'  hanna  maden  a  bad  piit  at  it.' 

P1JT-AB0TJT|  part.  adj.  distressed;  annoyed.  A  woman  would 
be  pvit-abmA  by  the  loss  of  her^husband,  or  by  the  breaking  of  her 
beet  tea-cups — ^though  perhaps  not  equally  so.    Com. 

PTEL,  Bb.  an  outcry ;  a  clamour. — Shbewsbubt  ;  Chubch  Stbetton  ; 
Wem.  '  Owd  Sammy  G-riffi's  wunna  so  sharp  as  a  should  be :  they 
wun  oncommon  ^^ood  to  *im  at  Onslow  *all,  an'  one  day  a  wuz  '^yin' 
some  toast  an'  swig  theer,  Ven  a  mon  comen  in  an'  says,  **  Sammy, 
yore  wife's  djed.  "No  danger!"  says  Sammy.  **'Eris,  though, 
mdeed,"  says  the  mon.  **  Well,"  answered  Sammy,  "jest  yo'  waif n 
till  I'ye  done  this  drink,  an'  then  yo'n  'ear  me  mak*  a  pretty  jpye/." ' 
\Peal  is  meaDt] 


QVACK  [kwak-],  adj.  silent;  close. — Pulvebbatch;  Wobthen. 
*  Yo'  met'n  trust  Jem,  'e's  al'ays  avMuck  w'en  it's  wanted — if  anybody 
gi'es  'im  sixpince  'e'U  neyer  tell ;  but  if  s  a  pris'ner.' 

QTTAIOHy  (1)  ib.y  obsds,  a  cup,  of — ^what  is  known  to  coopers,  as — 
'bend- ware;'  a  turned  round  cup  with  a  short,  upright  handle. — 
CoByE  Dale.  Quaighs^  though  now  (1875)  scarcely  to  be  met  with, 
were,  fifty  years  ago,  almost  as  common  on  kitchen  and  farm-house 
tables  as  earthenware  drinking-yessels.  Quaighs  of  a  large  size  were 
used  as  pails. 

Jamieson  has  '  Quaicky  Queghy  a  small  and  shallow  drinking  cup 
with  two  ears.     Ir.  Gael  ctMch,  a  cup  or  bowl.' 

Cf.  Piggin  (1)  and  (2),  also  Bouk  (1).     See  Treen. 

SI)  V.  a.,  obsols.  to  bend;  to  turn, — *quaigh  the  branch  round  the 
o'  the  wall : '  said  of  training  a  fruit-tree. — Cobye  Dale,  Stanton 
Lacey.    See  Oh  (5)  in  Grammar  Outlines  {conwnanU,  &c.). 

QUAIL,  V.  n.,  obsoU.  to  languish ;  to  fail ;  to  fall  sick. — Bbidonorth. 
Spenser  employs  this  word  in  the  sense  of  to  wither  or  perish : — 

'The  braunch  once  dead,  the  budde  eke  needes  must  quaile.^ — 
Shepheards  Calendar,  Noyember,  1.  91. 

Fegge  has  *  Quaily  to  fail ;  to  fall  sick ;  to  faint.    North.' 

Compare  Du.  kwelen,  to  languish. 

QXfAB[EBS,  sb.  common  Quaking-grass. — Shbewsbuby;  PuLysB- 
BATCH ;  Wobthen  ;  Wem.    See  Cow-quakers. 

QTJANK,  adj.  still;  qniet, — 'as  quank  as  a  mouze.' — CoByE  Dale; 
Clse  Hills.    Pegge  giyes  this  word  for  '  Cheshire.' 

z  2 


340  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

QTJASBIES  [kwor'-iz],  sh,  pf.  square  flooring-tiles. — Shrewsbury  ; 
PuLVERBATCH.  Qy.  com.  •  The  kitchen  flur  wuz  sich  nice  quarries— 
as  red  as  a  cherry.' 

O.Pr.  quareaua,  i.  e.  quadrdlus,  de  Lat.  qitadrum;  Fr.  carreaUy  a 
square.     See  Bxtr. 

QUASTEB  [kwaar^'tur'],  v.  n.  to  drive  a  cart  in  a  lane  with  deep 
ruts,  in  sucn  a  way  as  to  keep  each  wheel  clear  of  them. — ^Ludlow; 
Bridgnorth. 

QXTARTEBS,  sb.  ph  to  *make  quarters  Rood/  means  to  keep  in 
with  the  publicans  by  dividing  custom.  Thus,  if  a  farmer  going  to 
market  were  to  '  put  up '  at  one  house,  and  go  to  another '  for  a  glass/ 
in  order  to  maintain  just  relations  with  both — he  would  '  make  his 
quarters  good.' — BRLDaNORTH.  *Now,  then,  Bob,  come  wham.'  'I 
conna  yet,  I  got  to  g56  to  the  Swan  to  mak*  my  quarters  goodJ 
Compare  the  *  keep  fair  quarter,'  of  Shakespeare,  Chmedy  of  Errors, 
II.  I  108. 

(ITJAT,  adv.  close  ;  still,  as  a  hare  on  her  form  :  used  metaphorically 
also, — *  to  keep  qnat^*  so  as  not  to  attract  notice. — GoRVE  Dalb. 
Mr.  Nares  says  *  Quat  is  used  for  the  sitting  of  a  hare.'  C£  Squat  (2). 

QTJAWK  [kwauk],  v.  n.  to  caw,  as  crows. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulver- 
batch;  Wem. 

*  E*en  roused  by  quawking  of  the  flopping  crows,'  Clare,  in  "Wbdg. 
Cf .  Croup. 

QTTEAK  [kweek],  v.  a.  to  press,  or  squeeze. — Clun.  *  I  shall  be 
fdoast  to  gnt  another  box,  I  conna  queak  all  these  things  i'  this.'  See 
auoke.    Cf.  Tweak  (2). 

OTJEAST  [kwaiz'i],  adv.  affected  with  nausea ;  squeamish ;  sick  at 
the  stomach. — SnREWSBtTRY ;  Pulverbatoh.  *  I  dunna  know  how 
folks  can  ate  fat  bacon  fur  thar  breakfast,  it  makes  me  feel  quaizy  to 
look  at  it.' 

* .  .  letyng  yow  weet  that  the  worlde  semyth  qweysye  hear.'— 
PasUm  Letters^  A.D.  1473,  vol.  iii.  p.  98. 

*I,  with  your  two  helps,  will  so  practise  on  Benedick  that,  in 
despite  of  his  quick  wit  and  his  queasy  stomach,  he  shall  fall  in  loTe 
witn  Beatrice.' — Much  Ado  About  Nothing,  II.  i.  399. 

QTJEECE  [kwees],  sb.  Columba  palumhus,  the  Eing-Dove,  or  Wowl- 
Pigeon.— Church  Stretton  ;  Newport.  Called  *  Queeae  *  by  Bandle 
Holme.    Cf.  Quioe,  below. 

OTJEEKIirO  [kwininl  sb.  a  fine-flavoured  sweet  apple,  common  in 
the  cider-orchards. — tiUDLOW. 

*The  Queening,  is  a  fair  and  striped  Apple,  and  beautiful  in  ita 
Season  being  a  kind  of  Winter  Fruit.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  II. 
ch.  iii.  p.  48. 

QUEET  [kwee't],  adv.,  var.  pr.  quite. — Clun,  Herefd.  Border.  Cf. 
Quite. 

QTTEBB,  aTTESDOOD.    See  Cord,  Cordwood. 

QUEBEY  [kwae'r'i'],  «6.,  var.  2>n  a  stone-quarry. — Church  Stbbtton. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   341 

QTJEBT  [kwur't*],  ah,,  var.  pr,  a  quart, — *a  two-quert  costreL' — 
Bishop's  Castle  ;  Clun. 

ttUIGE,  QTJISTE  [kwei-s],  Shrewsbury  ;  Pulvbrbatch  ;  Worthen  ; 
Clun;  Ludlow;  wem;"!Elle8merb;  Oswestry,  [kweist],  Craven 
Arms,  ab.  the  Bing-Doye,  or  Wood-Pigeon. 
Grose  gives  *  Quice,  a  wood-pidgeon.    Glouc*    See  Queece,  above. 

ftXnCBl,  sb,  young  hawthorn  for  planting  hedges.  Com.  '  Theer's 
bin  too  much  tinin\  an'  now  it's  all  djed  stuff  an'  staggers  a  'undred 
'ear  owd — the  'edge  wants  riddin',  an'  some  good  quick  set,  like  Mr. 
Jackson's  done  the  Quaker*s  meadow.' 

Compare  '  Viima,  Quicke,  or  lively  greene.' — Did.  Eiym.  Lat  A.S. 
ct&fc,  auve.    Cf.  Sate  (1). 

QUID,  eh,  a  cud  =  that  which  is  chewed. — Gobve  Dad:.  See 
example  aub  voce  Owlerd, 

QUILE,  QTTOIL,  eh.  a  heap  of  hay  from  which  the  cart  is  loaded  for 
carrying. — WELLmGTON;  Newport. 

QXnimf .    See  Queening^. 

OulkK  rkwur''k],  sh.,  ohsols.  the  clock  of  a  stocking, — an  ornamental 
device  Knitted  at  the  ancle. — Pulverbatch.  'I  al'ays  think  Ven 
I'm  knittin'  a  stockin'  as  the  waidiest  part 's  o'er  Vcn  I  get  to  the 
quirk,  an'  Ven  the  'eel's  bond  down,  it's  aumust  as  good  as  done.' 

*  Then  have  they  neyther  stockes  to  these  gay  hosen,  not  of  cloth 
(though  never  so  fine)  for  that  is  thought  too  oase,  but  of  jarsey, 
worsted,  crewell,  silke,  thred,  and  such  like,  or  els,  at  the  least  of  the 
finest  yawn  that  can  be  got,  and  so  curiously  knit  with  open  seame 
down  the  legge,  with  quirkes  and  clockes  about  the  anckles,  and 
sometime  (haplie)  interlaced  with  golde  or  silver  thi-eds,  as  is  wonder- 
fuU  to  beholde.'--STUBB£s'  Anatomy  o/  Abuses  [A.D.  1595],  p.  31. 

QUITE,  adv.  quiet. — Newport. 

'  That  every  cristen  wight  shal  han  penance 
But  if  that  he  his  Cristendome  witnseye, 
And  gon  al  quite,  if  he  wol  it  reneye  ? ' 

Chaucer,  C.  T.,  1.  15916. 

See  I  (5)  in  Orammar  Outlines  {vowels,  &c.). 

ftUIWY  [kwivi'l,  sh.  a  knack, — *  theer*s  a  bit  of  a  quivvy  in  plantin' 
these  s'rubs.' — Wellington. 

QULIPS  [keu-lips],  eh.  pi.,  var.  pr.  tulips. — Pulvbrbatch. 

QUOB  [kwob*],  ab.  a  marshy  spot  in  a  field ;  a  quagmire. — Pulver- 
batch ;  Church  Stretton  ;  Wellington  ;  Wem.  See  All  of  a 
C^uob. 

QUOBBT,  adj.  flabby;  wanting  solidity. — Pulvbrbatch;  Wem. 
'  I  dunna  think  it's  solid  fat,  'e's  quobby — more  inclined  to  be  dropsicaL' 

ftUOKE  [kwoa'k],  pret.  squeezed ;  pressed. — Clun.  *  'E  qnohe  nie 
so  *ard : '  said  a  girl  of  her  lover.    See  Queak. 


342  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

EABBITS'-MBAT,  $b.  the  red  Dead-nettle.— Whitchubch,  TiUtock, 
Soe  I>an-iiettle. 

BACE,  (1)  8b.  the  heart,  liver,  and  lights  of  a  pig. — Shrbwsburt; 
Wellinotok;  Colliery.    See  Haslet. 

(2)  $h.  the  same  of  a  lamb.  —Wellington;  Collikry.  See 
Puxnmice. 

(3)  ab,  the  same  of  a  calf.— SHREWflBURY ;  Pulverbatch  ;  Well- 
ington; Colliery. 

BACK,  (1)  sh.  a  rude,  narrow  pathway,  such  as  sheep  would  make 
in  their  walk;  a  path  or  track  through  a  wood. — ^Pulverbatch; 
WoRTHEN ;  Wellington.  *  I  wuz  ketcht  i'  the  snow-atorm  gwein 
o'er  the  'ill,  an*  missed  the  ra<Jc  an'  got  maskered,  but  wuz  pretty 
glad  Ven  I  sid  Cothercot.' 

Mr.  Walter  White,  when  speaking  of  his  walk  firom  Cherbury 
towards  the  Stiperstones,  says :  '  Staxting  anew  I  came  presentl^r  to 
the  "racfc"— that  is— a  dim  track  leading  up  the  wild  hill  which 

then  rose  in  my  way The  '*  rack "  ascends  to  a  lonesome 

table-land  patched  with  gorse,  bracken,  and  ruahes.' — All  Bound  the 
Wrekin,  p.  65,  ed.  1860. 

See  Outrack. 

(2)  V,  a.  to  refine  ale  by  drawing  it  off,  dealing  the  cask  of  the 
drefils,  and  then  putting  it  back,  sometimes  with  the  addition  of  a 
little  isinglass  and  loaf  sugar,  if  not  deemed  sufficiently  clear,  after 
which  process  it  is  closely  bunged  up.  Qy.  com.  'The  Maister 
likes  to  rack  the  ale,  but  far  my  part,  I  think  it  feeds  better  on  the 
crap,  an'  if  11  be  clier  enough  an*  gie  it  time.'    See  Back  in  Wedo. 


wagons 
{eoruonanta,  &c.). 

(2)  sb.  noisy,  chattering  talk. — Ibid.^  *Owd  yore  racklfy  wench, 
theers  no  sich  a  thing  as  puttin'  a  word  in  edgeways.* 

(3)  sb,  a  rery  talkative  person. — Ibid,     •  'Er*s  a  despert  rackle— 
'er  is.' 

BACK  OP  EYE,  phr.  to  work  by  rack  of  eye,  is  to  be  guided  by 
the  eye  without  line  or  rule.— Pulverbatch  ;  Weil  *  John,  yo' 
binna  gwein  mighty  straight  56th  yore  job  theer.*  '  Well,  Maister, 
I  canna  do  it  no  oetter  by  rack  of  eye,  an'  theer's  sich  a  tellif  o*  scutch 
to  root  up.' 

BABDLIHO,  sb,  bribery ;  the  act  of  bribing. — Shrewsbury.  This 
term  is  said  to  have  originated  in  a  rough  custom  of  marking  with 
raddle  [=z  ruddle]  the  houses  of  persons  suspected  of  taking  bribes  for 
political  purposes  at  election  times.  *  I  spect  the  Bads  han  bin  doin* 
a  lot  o'  raddlin!  this  time,  I  sid  two  or  three  'onsen  raddled  above 
a  bit.'  *  Aye,  an'  theer'd  be  a  sight  more  if  they  wun  all  raddled  as 
took  bribes.'  Said  apropog  to  the  usages  wmch  obtained  at  the 
General  Election,  1880. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   343 

BAKE,  (1)  V.  a,  to  cover :  said  of  fires,  which,  when  re<jiiired  to  be 
kept  alive  throughout  the  night,  are  smothered  with  inferior  coal 
that  will  merely  smoulder  if  left  undisturbed.  Com.  'I  dunna 
think  it  tak's  a  bit  more  coal  to  rake  the  fire  than  light  it,  for  Ven 
it's  coked  it  tinds  direc'ly.'    Compare  the  following  citations : — 

*  And  whan  he  sey  noon  other  remedye, 
In  hoto  coles  he  hath  him-seluen  rciked  ; 
For  with  no  venim  deyned  him  to  dye.' 

Chauoeb,  B.  3323  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

' .    •    .    Here  in  the  sands 
Thee  Til  roJbe  up.'— ^in^  Zear,  IV.  vi.  281. 

Palsgrave— A.l>.  1530— explains  rake  thus,  *  to  cover  anything  in 
the  fire  with  aahee.*    See  Hal. 

(2)  v.  d.  to  clear  the  ^;rate  of  ashes.  Com.  '  Bessy,  yo'  hanna 
rcJced  out  this  grate — it's  'afe  f&ll  o'  ess — I  canna  do  5dth  sich 
muckerin'  work,  an'  it  inna  likely  as  the  fire  551  tind.' 

'PUtol.  Elves, 

Where  fires  thou  find'st  unraked  and  hearths  unswept. 
There  pinch  the  maids  as  blue  as  bilberry ; 
Our  radiant  queen  hates  sluts  and  sluttery.* 

Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  V.  v.  48. 

SAKQIOS,  sb.  scattered  grain  raked  off  the  stubble  after  the  main 
crop  has  been  carried.  Com.  '  We  hanna  much  to  do  now,  on'y  a 
bit  o'  spring  Veat  an'  a  jag  or  two  o'  rakin*s  to  carry.'  A.S.  radan,  to 
rake  together. 

RAOOED-BOBIV,  (1)  sb.  Lychnis  Flos-Cuetdi,  Meadow  Lychnis.— 

PULVEILBATOH . 

(2)  sb,  a  rolled  jam-dumpling  of  which  the  paste  is  flaky,  or  ragged, 
in  appearance.— Pttlyerbatoh.  *  'Ere's  a  rar'  raggit-rohiriy  lads,  to 
blow  out  all  the  crivioes '  [in  the  stomach]. 

SAOOED-BOBIHS,  sb,  a  vein  of  iron-stone  lying  on  the  west  side 
of  Lightmoor  Fault,  so  called  from  its  ragged  appearance. — Collieby, 
LUleshall ;  M.  T. 

KAOOLIVO,  adj.  said  of  anything  working  roughly  or  unevenly, — 
*  rcLgglin*  'arrows.' — ^Atchah. 

EAISTT.     See  Seasty. 

KALLT  [r'ali'],  (1)  8b,,pec.  a  violent,  clamorous  ringing  of  a  bell. — 
WoKTHEN.  •  They  gidden  the  bell  a  pretty  rally ,  as  if  they  wun 
gwein  to  '&ve  the  'ouse  down.'    Cf.  Fr.  raUier,  to  call  together. 

^2)  #5.,  pec.  an  angry  scolding;  a  sound  rating. — Pulvebbatch. 
'  Ii  I  could  see  'er,  rd  gie  'er  a  rally  as  55d  pay  'er  for  the  new  an' 
the  owd.' 

BAHMEL  [r'am'il],  sb.  reddish  earth,  neither  clay  nor  sand — not 
fertile,  a  foe  to  vegetation.— Wellington.  *I  wunna  tak'  that 
garden,  if  s  all  ramrtieV 

BAKHELLY,  adj.  of  the  nature  of  '  rammel.' — Shrbwsbuby.  *  It 
55nna  do  in  'ere,  Maister,  the  groun's  too  ravimelly.' 


344  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

BAMSOVSy  th.  Allium  Urnnumy  broad-leayed  Garlic. — Clee  Hills. 

'  The  leaues  of  BavMons  be  stamped  and  eaten  of  diners  in  the  Low- 
countries,  with  fish  for  a  sauce,  euen  as  we  do  eate  green-sance  made 
with  sorrelL* — Gerarde's  Herball,  Bk.  I.  p.  180. 

See  Devil's  Posy. 

BAHDAV  [ran'dan-*],  (1)  sb.  a  string  of  words  conveying  no  par- 
ticular inrormation, — '  a  pack  of  nonsense; '  foolish  talk. — Pulyek- 
batgh;  Worthek.  Qy.  com.  *I  neyer  'card  sich  a  fellow,  Vs 
always  talking  some  randan  as  vo'  bin  none  the  wiser  fur.*  To  talk 
randan  is  to  talk  at  random, — ^the  words  are  cognate. 

'  Randane,  or  longe  renge  of  wurdys,  or  other  thynges.  Haringga, 
.  .  Jlaringga  seems  here  to  be  given  for  harenga,  or  arenga,  a  public 
declamation.    See  Ducange.' — Prompt,  Parv,  and  NoUb, 

Connected  with  O.Fr.  randon,  force ;  violence ;  impetuosity. — ^BuB. 
See  Bandom-shot,  below. 

(2)  adj\  continuous,  purposeless,  senseless,  as  applied  to  talk.— ^ 
PuLVERBATCH ;  WHITCHURCH ;  Ellesmere.  Qy.  com.  *  Sich  rofi- 
dan  talk,  I  oonna  mak'  nether  tops  nur  tails  on  it — ^it  far  mitheis 
me.' 

BAHDOM-SHOT,  sb.  a  wild  young  fellow. — ^Pulverbatgh  ;  Wem. 

*  'O w's  Turn  ossin* — ^'ow's  'e  gwein  on  ? '  'I  dunna  know,  I  doubt  Vs 
but  a  random-ahoi,^  Compare  random  =  in  a  lavisk  way,  in  the 
following : — 

'  YiThen  my  son  grew  to  man's  estate,  hee  had  leave  to  live  more 
at  random  {liberiu*  vivendi  fail  pateaku),* — Terence  in  JEnglish,  1641, 
in  Wr.    Connected  with  0.  Fr.  randon^  same  as  above. 

BAKDT  [r'an-di'l,  (1)  «6.,  *Z.1  a  frolic;  a  ' sprire.'— Shbewsbubt ; 
Wellinotok.  Qy.  com.  *  Inna  that  chap  come  to  *ia  work  this 
mornin'  P — ^I'U  be  bound  'e's  on  the  randy  agen.' 

Cf.  '  O.Fr.  randir,  8*avancer  aveo  imp4tuosit§,  pressor  vivement.' 
— Bur. 

(2)  adj.  self-willed ;  hard  to  manage.— Atchah.  '  A  despert  randy 
chap.' 

BAVDT-BOW  [rou-l,  «ft.,  si  A  a  noisy  merry-making. — Wellington; 
Wem.    *  They  bin  &vin*  a  perty  randy-rowJ' 

BAHTIFOLE  [r'an'ti'poal],  sb,  a  rude^  romping,  boisterous  child,  of 
either  sex. — ^Fulverbatch.  *Whad  a  great  rompin*,  rip-stitch 
rantipole  that  girld  is !  * 

' .  .  No !  they  have  had  their  whimsey  out  .  .  .  and  quiet  good 
souls  as  they  are  by  that  time  become,  they  go  on  without  Banii- 
poling,  in  the  ordinary  course  of  reasonable  creatures.' — Sir  Charlet 
Grandison,  vol.  vii.  p.  214,  ed.  1776. 

There  is  [1877]  a  cottage  near  Longden  (Salop)  which  bears  the 
name  of  Rantipole  Hall,  but  why  or  wherefore  is  not  known. 

BAP  [r'apj,  t;.  a.  to  exchange ;  to  swap. — Pulvkrbatch  ;  Cleb 
Hills.  Qy.  com.  *Ben  Jones  wanted  to  rap  his  owd  mar'  fur 
Preece's  pony,  but  Tummy  wxuma  to  be  done  athatn ;  'e said— "Aye, 
ketch  a  noud  'orse  d5th  chaff  I " ' 

BAPS,  (1)  sb,  pi.  merry-makings;  sports;  fun  of  any  kind.    Com. 

•  Well,  Bill,  'ow  bin  'ee ?— I  hanna  sid  yo'  sence  Stretton  far;  whad 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.    345 

Bort  o'  raps  'adVee  ?  *     •  Oh !  we'd'n  rar'  raps — ^never  gof  n  wham  till 
break-o'-day.*     Perhaps  connected  with  Du.  rap ;  Sw.  rapp,  brisk. 

(2)  sb.  pi.  news.  Ck>m.  '  Come  in  'ere,  Ben,  into  this  cornel  an' 
warm  yore  fit — ^now,  whad  bin  the  best  raps  toert  'Abberley?' 
<  Nod  much,  Missis,  on'y  fiverall's  stacks  bin  burnt.'  *  'Eart  alive ! 
yo'  dunna  say  so.* 

KAT  AHD  SCAT,  phr.,  obsols.  a  contemptuous  expression  applied 
to  a  company  or  set, — *  ^ey  bin  a  bad  lot,  rat  an'  scat,* — ^Fulyebbatoh. 

KATHE8,  KAYE8  [r'aidhz],  Whitchurch,  Tihtock.  [r'aivz], 
CoBVE  Dale  ;  Glee  Hills,  sh,  pL  the  moyable  side-rails  of  a  cart 
or  waggon,  put  on  for  carrying  a  greater  load,  as  of  hay  or  com  at 
harvest-time.  Palsgrave  has  *  Baves  of  a  carte,'  but  gives  no  French 
equivalent.  In  The  Treatise  of  Walter  de  Bihlestoorth,  xiii.  cent.,  it 
is  said  that — 

'  Checune  charette  ke  meyne  bl§s, 
Deyt  aver  redeles  au  coust^s ; ' — 

*  redeles '  being  glossed  '  rayes '  {ranges).    See  Wr.  TOcab&,  voL  i  p.  168. 
Of.  Ripples. 

BATLIVO,  8b.  the  smallest  pig  of  a  litter. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulver- 
BATOH ;  Wobthen  ;  OswESTBT.  '  William  aumust  al'ays  buys  the 
railing  'cause  'is  wife  is  sich  a  good  'and  at  tiddlin'  'em  on — 'er  never 
fails  to  make  a  good  bacon  on  em.'    CI  Keckling. 

BATOV,  sb.  a  young  rat — Newport. 

*  Wi^  \>SLt  ran  )>ere  a  route  *  of  raiones  at  ones, 
And  smale  mys  with  hem  '  mo  psji  a  )»ousande. 
And  oomen  to  a  conseille  *  for  here  comune  profit. 

A  raton  of  renom  *  most  renable  of  tonge 
Seide        .  ....  ' 

Piers  pi,  Text  B.,'  Prd.,  11.  146-58. 

'  An'  heard  the  restless  rations  squeak 

About  the  rignn.^ 

BoBEBT  BuBNS,  Poems,  p.  38, 1. 17. 

'  Batun,  or  raton.    Bato,  sorex.* — Prompt.  Parv. 

RATTLE-BOX,  sb.  same  as  Cooksoomb,  q.  v. — Ellesmbbb. 

BATT0CK8,  ab.  pi.  the  very  small  potatoes,  used  for  feeding  pigs. — 
Ellesmebe.  'Now,  Jenny,  yo'  god  an'  pick  up  them  ratU>cks  o' 
tittoes,  an'  wesh  'em  to  bile  fox  the  pig,  an  then  w'en  we  killen  *im 
yo'  sha'n  a  the  brains/  The  brains  of  a  pig  thoroughly  cleansed, 
and  then  boiled,  and  seasoned  with  butter,  pepper,  and  salt,  are 
esteemed  as  a  delicacy  of  cottage  fare. 

BATTGHT  [r'au't],  (\)  prei.  and  part,  past,  reached. — ^Pulverbatoh. 
*  I  went  to  church  athout  my  book,  but  Mr.  Smith  raught  me  one  out 
o'  thar  pew.* 

'  l^ere  ^  pres  was  perelouste  *  he  priked  in  formest, 
&  blessed  so  wi^  his  bri^t  bront  *  a-boute  in  eche  side, 
^at  what  rink  so  he  rauit  *  he  ros  neuer  after.* 

WUliam  of  Paleme,  1.  1193. 


34ti  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  He  smiled  me  in  the  face,  raught  me  his  hand, 

And,  wiih  a  feeble  gripe,  saya ' 

K.  Henry  V.,  IV.  vi.  21. 

'  The  auld  gtddman  raughi  down  the  pock, 
An'  out  a  handfu*  gied  him.' 

BoBEKT  BuKNS,  PoejM,  p.  46, 1.  1,  e.  2. 

(2)  pret,  and  part,  peui,  arrived,  and,  as  one  would  say,  '  sot  to,'  a 
destination, — '  'E  started  afore  'is  Faither  an'  may,  but  e  hanna 
raught  yet ; '  *  The  poor  lad  were  welly  gone  afore  the  Doctor  rauglU 
to  'im.'— Wellinoton  ;  C!olliebt  ;  Newpobt  ;  Wbm  ;  Whitchubch. 
Raught  as  a  transitiye  form  does  not  obtain  in  these  districts. 

'  ft  wont  for^  on  here  way  *  wi3tly  and  fast, 
til  M  redli  hade  rauit  *  to  grete  rome  euene.' 

William  of  Falerne,  L  4823, 

A.S.  r<^can  td,  to  reach  to ;  pt.  t.  rdhte  t6.    See  wh  voce  NoratioxL 

BAUNCH  [r'au'nsh  and  r'aun'sl,  r.  a.  to  tear  up ;  to  bite  at  eagerly, 
as  of  ffrass :  said  of  cattle, — *  They'n  be  glad  to  raunch  that  feg  up 
Ven  they  can  get  nuthin*  else.' — Pulverbatch.  Raunch  an^  scraund^ 
is  to  snatch  greedily ;  to  grasp  at, — '  Look  at  that  d5man  raunchin'  a»' 
•craurtcAtV;  ^Br'll  be  all  o'er  the  fild  afore  the  others  bin  in  at  the  gats : ' 
said  apropos  of  a  gleaner.    Compare  Spenser^  s — 

'  Hasting  to  raunch  the  arrow  out.' 

The  Shephoard^  Calender^  August,  L  100. 

BAVES.     See  Bathts. 

BAWL  [r'au'l],  v.  a.  to  pull  roughly  about.  Com.  'They  rawlened 
the  poor  chap  about  an  abused  'im  shamefuL'    Of.  Tawl. 

BAWM  [r'au-m],  v.  a.  to  eat  greedily. — ^Pulvsrbatoh.  '  The  young 
boas  o5n  rawm  up  all  that  feg  w'en  theer's  a  snow  o'  the  ground.'  Ct 
Baunch. 

BAWHEBS,  BAWHIB8  [r'aun-ur'z],  Wui.  [r*au'niz],  Wellington, 
ab.  pL  rotten,  worthless  branches  of  trees.  See  Bawny-bougfas, 
below. 

BAWH1V0,  adj,  a  term  applied  to  the  movements  of  a  big,  awkwaid 
man. — ^Whitchubch,  Whixall,    See  Bawny,  below. 

BAWV-PE08,  same  as  Bawneri,  above. — ^Wellington. 

BAWHT  Fr^au'ni'],  adj.  a  term  applied  to  the  appeamnce  of  a  laige- 
built  ana  awkward  man, — 'a  great  rawny  fellow.' — ^Whitchttbch, 
Whixall,    Perhaps  hrawtiy  is  meant,  but  see  Bawning^,  above. 

BAWITT-BOVOHS,  same  as  Bawnen,  above. 

BAW«TEDS,  a  corrupted  form,  apparently,  of  BoitSi  q.  v. 

BAYE,  sh,,  obs.  a  rail. — Shrewsburt. 

'  1634.  Itm  for  nayles  &  setting  up  the  dore  of  the  raye  that  com- 
passcth  the  Communion  table  Id.' — Churchwarden^  Aeoounte  of  the 
Abbey t  Shrewsburv. 

'  Reilelce^''  the  8iae-fat7«  of  a  cart,  is  explained  by  *rayet^  in  Walter 
de  Bibleewwth,    See  $uh  voce  Bathes. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   347 

BBAIT  [yi'*b*n],  Pulverbatch;  Coryb  Dale.  Fr'ee'n],  Craven  Arms. 
[r'ai'n],  Wem  ;  Whitohxtrch,  sb,  the  furrow  between  the  *  buts '  of 
ploughed  landj9  for  carrying  off  the  water. 

*  Cayme,  husbantee  crafte  thou  must  goe  towe, 
And  AbeU  a  sheapharde  be. 
Therefore  of  comes  flayer  and  cleane 
That  growes  one  rigges  out  of  the  reian, 
Cayme,  thou  shalt  oner,  as  I  meane, 
To  God  in  magistie.' 

The  Death  o/Abd,  Chester  Plays,  voL  i.  p.  36. 

*  A  Eee-an  is  the  distance  between  two  buts.' — Academy  of  Armory, 
Bk.  III.  ch.  iii.  p.  73. 

BEAP  [r'ee-p  and  r'ai-p],  v,  a.,  pec.  in  combination  with  up, — to 
revive  the  memory  of  painful  bygones,  in  a  sense  antagonistic  to  that 
of  letting  *  the  dead  past  buir  its  dead.'  Com.  *  Yo'  nee'na  reap  up 
about  the  poor  owd  mon  bein  i'  jail — thaf  s  forty  'ear  ag56.' 

BEAB  [r'aei^],  (1)  v.  a.  to  raise :  especially  applied  to  making  pork- 
pies.  Com.  'We'n  'ad  a  busy  momin';  the  biitcher  wuz  'ere  the 
first  thing  cuttin'  up  the  pig,  an'  sence  then  I've  rendered  the  best 
lard  an'  the  midgen-lard,  an*  reared  four  an'  twenty  pies,  beside  a 
batch  of  apple-fit--an'  got  i'  the  oven.'  *  My  *eart  I  but  yo'  han  bin 
busy.' 

(2)  adj.  under-done :  said  of  cooked  'meat.    Com.     '  I  can  do  with 
beef  or  mutton  a  bit  rear,  but  veal  an'  pork  should  be  done  well.' 

'  There  we  complaine  of  one  reare-roasted  chick 
Here  meat  worse  cookt  nere  makes  us  sick.' 

Habrdtton's  Epigrams,  iv.  6  [A.D.  1616],  in  Wr. 

Mr.  Nares  remarks  of  rear  in  this  sense  that  it  is  '  not  yet  quite 
disused.'    A.S.  hrediv,  raw. 

BEABIHO  OP  PORK  [r'ae-r'in],  sb.  the  loin  of  a  porkling  pig.— 
Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  *We'n  &ve  some  curly 
greens  6oth  the  rearin*  o'  pork,  an'  score  it  fine  to  mak'  the  cracklin' 
crisp.' 

SEASTT  [i^ai'sti'  and  r'ee'sti'],  adj.  rancid :  said  of  bacon.  Com. 
'If 8  a  bad  kitchen  fur  keepin'  bacon — ^it  al'ays  gwuz  raisty — ^the 
sailin's  [ceiling]  low,  an'  nod  much  ar  in  it.' 

'  lay  flitches  a  saltinff 
Through  follie  too  beastlie 
Much  bacon  is  reasty.* 

Tusser,  Fine  Hundred  Pointes  of  Good 
Husbandrie  [Novembers  Abstract]. 

'  Resty  flees'  is  given  as  the  gloss  of  '  chars  restez'  in  The  Treatise 
of  Walter  de  Biblesworth,  xiii.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  155. 

*  Beest,  as  flesche  {resty.  P.).     Baneidus.* — Prompt.  Parv. 

*  Restie,  or  rustic  bacon.' — ^Nomenclator,  1585,  p.  86,  in  Hal. 
See  Beasty,  in  Webq.    Cf.  Beechy  (2). 

BSBBLIVO  [r'eb'lin],  part,  pres.,  var.  pr.  revelling, — *  drinkin'  an' 
r^-ftWin'.'— Pulverbatch  ;  Craven  Arms. 


348  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

SECKLIHO  [r'ek'lin],  sb.  the  Bmallest  and  usually  the  last  bom  of  a 
litter,  as  of  pigs,  puppies,  &c. — Wellixqton.  The  term  is  not  a  very 
common  one.     Of.  Jticklin^. 

BECKON  [r'ek'n],  v.  n,,  pec.  to  imagine ;  to  suppose ;  to  apprehend. 
Com, 

* which  to  shake  o(f 

Becomes  a  warlike  people,  whom  we  r^xkon 
Ourselyes  to  be.* — Cymbeline,  III.  i.  63. 

BED,  r.  a.  to  comb  out  the  hair. — Pulverbatch. 

Jamieson  gives  '  To  Bed.  To  disentangle  ,  .  .  To  red  the  head,  or 
hair^  to  comb  oat  the  hair.*  See  Bedding-combi  below.  Of.  Kid  (5), 
also  Reeve  (2). 

BED-CAP,  sh,  the  Goldfinch.  —  Newport.  Cf.  SoTen-coloiired- 
liinnet.    Bee  Jaok-Kicol. 

BEDDIHO-COMB  [kuora*],  sh.  a  dressing-comb. — Pulverbatch. 
*  W'y  dunna  yo'  rm  yore  yar,  Bessy  P — ^it  looks  as  if  it  *adna  'ad  a 
redtiin^ 'Cdom  through  it  fur  a  month.'  See  Red,  above.  Cf.  Riddin^g^ 
comb,  also  Beeving-tooth-comb. 

BEDDDTS  [r'ed'inz],  «&.,  var.  pr,  the  simame  Meredith. — Clee 
Hills,  ABton  BottereU.  'Who  bin  them  two  V  *  W'y,  owd  Beddifis 
o*  Didlick  an'  Bidey  [Bytheway]  o'  Stotherton.' 

BED-BOW  [r'oa*],  «5.  the  stage  of  reddish  tinge  which  barley 
assumes  just  before  ripening. — Pulvebbatch  ;  Clee  Hills.  Qy. 
com.     *  .^en  o'  Steppiton  's  cut  barley  afore  ours  is  i'  the  red-row.* 

BEECHT  [r'ee'chi'],  (1)  OflJ.  dirty;  smoky;  unwashed, — in  appear- 
ance. — Pulverbatch.  *  'Er's  a  grimy,  reechy  lookin'  thing,  I  shouldna 
like  to  ate  after  'er.' 

' the  kitchen  malkin  pins 

Her  richest  lockram  'bout  her  reechy  neck.' 

UoriolanuBt  U.  i.  225. 

A.S.  ric,  sm(^e. 

(2)  adj.  rancid,  as  of  butter,  or  baoon.~WEM ;  Ellesicere.     *  That 
butter  's  nasty  reechy  stuff — I  oonna  ate  it.'    Cf.  Reasty. 

REED-SPABBOW,  (1)  8b,  Sylvia  phragmitis,  the  Sedge-Warbler. 
Com. 

f2)  th,  Sylvia  arundinaceoj  Beed  Warbler.     Common  in  the  vicinity 
of  large  sheets  of  water,  where  the  Beed,  Arundo  PhragmiieSy  abounds^ 

*  Hie  paiiuiruej  glossed  *  a  rede-sparowe*  occurs  in  a  Nominale,  xv. 
cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  221.    Cf.  Water-Sparrow. 

BEEPLE  [r'ee'pl],  sh.  a  beam  placed  horizontally  against  the  '  face  ' 
of  the  coal  to  prop  it,  being  itself  supported  by  *  sprags.' — ^Colusrt, 
Old  Park;  M.  T. 

BEEVE  [r'ee'v],  (1)  sb,  the  underground  overlooker  of  the  pits. — 
Colliery  ;  M.  T. 

*  Beve^  lordys  serwawnte.     Prepontua,' —Prompt  Parv, 
A.S.  ger^fa^  a  steward,  bailiff,  agent.     Cf.  Doggie. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   349 

(2)  V.  a.  to  comb  out  the  hair. — Clun.  *  Mind,  Ruth,  as  yo'  reeve 
yore  yar  welL*     See  Reeving- tooth-comb.     Cf.  Bed. 

(3)  V.  a.  to  contract  into  wrinkles,  as  of  the  nose  or  forehead. — 

*  Dunna  reeve  yore  nose,' ».  e.  don't  pull  up  your  nose,  as  at  anything 
displeasing.    Com.    Du.  riiyffelen,  to  wrinkle.    Cf.  Bivelled. 

(4)  V.  a.  to  draw,  or  gather  up — a  term  of  sempstressy.     Qy.  com. 

*  We  sha'n  get  the  throck  done  afore  night — if  yo'n  reeve  the  skirt, 
rU  sew  it  on.'    See  Beeving-string,  below. 

BEEVIHOS,  8b.  pL  gathers. — Pulvbrbatch.  Qy.  com.  *Mary, 
see  'ow  yore  gownd's  tore  out  o'  the  reevin'aJ 

SEEVINO-STBIHO,  ah.  a  string  put  in  for  the  purpose  of  drawing 
or  gathering  up.  Qy.  com.  *  The  reevin' -string  *s  comen  out  o'  the 
neck  o'  the  child's  pinner— jest  len'  me  yore  bodkin  'afe  a  minute  to 
run  it  in  agen.' 

Bailey—^  1782 — ^has  '  To  Beeve  ...  a  Term  used  by  Sailors,  for 
to  put  in  or  pull  through.' 

SEHEABSE,  v,  n.,  pec.  to  rise  on  the  stomach,  as  of  food  which 
disagrees. — SHREWSBuaY.  *  That  pie  wuz  too  good  fur  me,  it  rehearsed 
all  day  after.'  Compare  Fr.  rehercer,  to  go  over  again,  like  a  harrow 
(Fr.  herce)  over  a  ploughed  field.     Cf.  Bepeat. 

BEITS  [r'ei'ts],  sb.  Ranunculm  fluitans  (Lam.),  Water  Crowfoot. — 
Shrewsbtjby.  The  water-weed  to  which  old  Severn  fishermen  give 
the  name  of  ReiU^  and  which  abounds  in  the  shallows  of  the  Severn, 
is  the  *■  tresses  fair '  of  Sabrina,  in  Milton's  Comua. 

'Seaweeds  were  formerly  called  Beets.  Bishop  Kennett  has  th<) 
following  note, — ''Beits,  seeweed  of  some  called  reits,  of  others 
wrack,  and  of  the  Thanet  men  wore,"  &c.  ^*  Leppe,  sea-grasse,  sea- 
weed, reets." — CoTG.'    See  Mr.  Way's  Note  in  Prompt,  Parv.,  p.  431. 

See  Bolts. 

REJOICE  [r'i'jei's],  v.  n.,  pec.  same  -as  Kehearse,  above. — Pulvbr- 
batch. 

BEMEHBEB,  v.  a.,  pec,  to  remind.  Com.  ^Remember  me  to  sen' 
down  to  Littlehales's  fur  some  vinegar,  w*en  Dick  calls  fur  'is  baskit — 
'e  gwu2  by  the  shop,  an'  'e'll  do  a  narrand  fur  me,  I  kno«r.' 

*  I'll  speak  of  her  no  more,  nor  of  your  children ; 
I'll  not  remember  you  of  my  own  lord, 
Who^is  lost  too.'— Winter's  Tale,  III.  ii.  231. 

*  Bemember,  to  put  in  mind  of:  If  you  will  rememltr  me  of  it 
North.' — Peggb. 

BEMLET  [r'emlu't],  sb.,  obsoU. — Pulvbrbatch.  *  I  bought  it  chep, 
it  wuz  jest  a  bit  on  a  remJeV 

*  Bemelawnt  (remenaunt,  residuum,  F.).  Besiduus,  religuus.  The 
use  of  the  obsolete  form  of  the  word  remnant  appears  in  the  Craven 
Glossary,  v.  Remliny  and  in  Palmer's  Devonshire  Words,  v.  Bemlet, 
It  occurs  in  the  inventory  of  effects  of  a  merchant  at  Newcastle,  in 
1571,  in  whose  shop  were  certain  "  yeardes  of  worssett  in  Bemlauntes." 
Durham  Wills  and  In  v.,  Surtees  Soc,  vol.  i  362.' — Prompt.  Parv.  and 
Notes. 


\ 


350  SHROPSHIRE   WORD-BOOK. 

BEVDEB,  V.  a.,  pec,  to  melt  down  oat  of  the  natural  state :  said 
chiefly  of  lard  and  suet.     Com.     '  Be  sure  be  earful  w'en  yo*  render 
the  lard,  the  pot's  got  thin  i'  the  middle,  an'  itll  ketch  direc*ly.' 
Grose  gives  *  Bender  ...  to  melt  down.    To  render  suet    N.* 

BEP  [r'ep],  «ft.,  ohs.  a  reaping  by  gift-work. — ^Pulvbrbatch.  A-S. 
rip,  a  reaping.     See  Bk.  IL,  Folklore,  Ac,  'Customs*  (harveeC), 

BEPBAT,  same  as  Beheane,  q.  y. — Shrewsbury  ;  Ludlow. 

BESTIAL,  8b,f  ohs.  a  fee  for  burial  within  the  Church,  including  the 
charge  for  tolling  the  bell.— Shrewsbury. 

'  1634.  Itm  paid  to  the  Lord  Bishop's  secretary  and  other  officers  to 
pSUre  a  mitigation  of  ReeiaUe  within  our  Church,  and  two  letters  from 
the  Lord  Bishop,  lO"/.* — ChurchwardefW  AccounU  of  the  Abbey, 

Called  *  Lestial  *  in  the  ChurchwardetW  Accounts  of  8,  Jtdian*$, 

BICKLIHO,  same  as  Bailing,  q.  v. — Newport. 

BID  [r'idl  (1)  pret,  rode. — Pulvbrbatch.  *  We  wenten  to  the  far 
to  buy  ship — the  Maister  druv,  an'  I  rid  the  grey  mar^ : '  so  nid 
John  Griffith  of  Exford  Green  [187 1]. 

'  Brazen,  ...  I  have  Reason  to  remember  the  time,  for  I  had  two- 
and- twenty  Horses  killed  under  me  that  day. 

'  Wor,  Then,  Sir,  you  must  have  rid  mighty  hard. 

'  Bal,  Or  perhaps.  Sir,  .  .  .  you  rid  upon  hidf  a  doeen  Horses  at 
once.'^FARQUHAR'8  Becruiting  Officer,  Act  III.  Scene— The  Market- 
place [Shrewsbury], 

'  I  remember  two  young  fellows  who  rid  in  the  same  squadron  of  a 
troop  of  horse,  who  were  ever  together.'— iSpfcfotor,  Aug.  24,  1711. 

(2)  V,  a,  to  dispatch;  to  get  work  out  of  hand. — ^Pulterbatch. 
'  Tummas  is  a  good  workman,  'e*ll  rid  as  much  P  one  day  as  some 
folks  dun  i'  two.' 

'  We,  having  now  the  best  at  Bamet  field, 
Will  thither  straight,  for  willingness  ride  way.* 

3  Kifig  Henry  F/.,  V.  iii.  21. 

(3)  V,  a.  to  clear,  as  of  land  by  stubbing  up  the  furee,  &c    Com. 

*  1621.  Laid  out  in  stocking  up  of  the  gorst  in  Kingsland,  making 
the  same  into  faggottes,  and  ridding  and  making  cleane  the  growndes, 
V  iiy'  vj*.' — BaiHjfe*  Accounts,  in  OwBK  and  Blakewat's  Hietory  of 
Shrewsbury^  vol.  i.  p.  674. 

Dan.  *  rydde,  to  grub  up,  to  clear.' — Wedo.    Der.  *  ridding.' 

(4)  V.  n.  to  expectorate. — ^Worthbn  ;  Church  Strettox  ;  Wbl- 
LINOTOX.     '  I  wuz  coughin'  an'  riddin*  all  night.' 

(5)  same  as  Bed,  q.  y. — Elleskere. 

BIDDING,  8b.  the  act  of  clearing,  as  of  land  from  furze,  Sse,  Com. 
*The  Maister  gid  me  a  plack  o'  'tato  ground  fur  the  riddin*,  an'  a 
fkmous  crop  it  brought' 

BIDDnrO-COXB  [kuom*],  same  as  Bedding-oomb,  q.y.— Ellbs- 
KERE.     '  Patch  the  riddin'-cdom,  an'  let  me  rid  the  child's  yar.* 

BIDOE, .  BTTDOE,  sb.  a  space  of  ploughed  land,— same  as  But  (1), 
q.  y.— -Craven  Arms  ;  Bridoxorth.     At  Chelmarsh  when  a  man 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.  351 

sows  a  *  ridge  *  wholly  at  once  it  is  called  a  '  ridge  at  a  wiff; '  but 
when  lie  goes  once  up  and  once  down  it  is  a  *  ridge  cU  a  bout.^ 

* ,    .    .    of  comes  fayer  and  cleane 
That  growes  one  rigges  out  of  the  reian.' 

Cheater  Flays,  vol.  i.  p.  36. 

*  Hygg^i  of  a  lond.    Farca,* — Prompt  Parv,    See  Kean. 

BIBOE-BAVD  [r'izh-  and  r'ich'  band],  ah,  the  strong  leathern  band 
which  goes  over  the  saddle  of  cart-harness,  and  holds  up  the  shafts. — 
Ludlow.  In  The  Treaiiee  of  Walter  de  BibleeuHn-th,  dose  of  xiii.  cent, 
it  is  said  that — 

* ly  limounere, 

£e  porte  i  dos  une  dossere.' 

'  LimotMere  *  is  glossed  '  thillo-hors,'  t.  e.  shaft-horse ;  and  '  dowere 
has  '  rige-leyther*  given  as  its  synonym.      See  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  L 
p.  168.    A.S.  hrycg,  the  back,  and  bend,  a  band. 

EIBLESS  [r'id'lis],  (1)  sb.  a  riddle;  a  conundnim.  Qy.  com. 
'Well,  whad  did^n  'ee  do,  if  theer  wuz  no  daincin'?'  *W'y  we 
played'n  at  turn  the  trancher  an'  blind-man's-buflf  till  we  wun  tired, 
an'  then  begun  to  tell  ridlesses,  an'  whad  twix  puzzlin'  to  fine  'em  out, 
and  then  cryin'  the  weds,  we  gotten  to  three  o'clock  i'  the  mornin'.' 
A  riddle  given  in  The  Treatise  of  Walter  de  Bibleeworth  is  supple- 
mented by — 

'  Bed  that  redeles,  red  qwat  it  may  beo.' 

See  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  161. 

A.S.  rddels,  a  riddle,  from  ridan^  to  interpret,  read. 

(2)  eh,  a  doggerel  rime;  an  improbable  story, — any  'rigmarole.' 
Qy.  com.  A  servant-girl,  who  was  a  Dissenter,  objected  to  going  to 
Church  on  the  plea  that,  whereas  in  Chapel  they  had  new  prayers 
every  Sunday,  m  Church  they  had  '  on'y  the  sam^  owd  ridlees  o'er 
an'  o'er  agen ! ' 

'  And  there  was  Christe,  but  fygured  and  described  in  cerimonies  / 
in  redles  j  in  parables  and  in  darke  prophesies.' — Wiijjam  Tyndalb 
(a.D.  1528X  Obedience  of  a  Christian  Man,     Specim,  Eng,  Lit,,  xvL  1. 12. 

BIE  [r'ei*],  v,  a.,  ohs,  to  sift  grain  by  shaking  it  round  a  sieve  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  bring  the  chaff  and  light  grains  to  the  surface, 
from  whence  they  can  be  removed. — ^Pulverbatch  ;  Worthed. 

'  I  can  riddle  an'  I  can  rie. 
Toss  a  pancake  an'  rear  a  pie.' 

The  'branches  of  useful  knowledge'  set  forth  in  the  above  couplet, 
represented  geneiically  all  those  arts  of  housewifery  which,  in  the 
'good  old  times,'  young  country-women  esteemed  it  honourable  to 
practise. 

UEnrO-BIEVE,  same  as  Blind-sieTe,  q.  ^,—Ihid. 

BIPF,  (1)  sh,  the  itch. — Polverbatch  ;  Wem.     Qy.  com. 

(2)  sh,  the  mange. — Ibid, 

BIELE  [r'ei'fl],  v,  a.  to  nifflo,  as  of  the  temper.  Com.  *  If  'e'd 
gwun  on  much  lunger  'e'd  a  rifled  my  temper,  an'  I  should  a  toud  'im 
what  I  thought.' 


3.32  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

SIFTEB,  same  as  Lifter,  q.  y.— Clee  Hills. 
SIO,  (1)  «&.  a  sprain,  as  of  the  back. — Clee  Hills. 

S2)  V.  a.  to  sprain.— i&ul     'The  mar*  *8  rigged  'er  back,  an'  Fre 
^     my  arm  a  kench  a-tryin'  to  oud  'er.*     See  Xench  (1). 

(3)  sb,  to  '  run  a  fti^f '  on  a  person  is  to  banter  him  unsparingly. 
Qy.  com. 

BIOOIL  [r'ig'il],  sb.  a  male  animal  partially  gelt     Com. 

BIOHT-FOREVUHOST,  prep,  over-against.  —  Oswestbt.  See 
Anunst,  also  O'er-anunat. 

&IGOL  [r'ig'h'l],  (1)  sb.  a  small  gutter  or  channel  in  land,  made  to 
lead  water  off. — Pttlybrbatgh.  '  IVe  made  a  bit  of  a  rigol  to  carry 
the  waiter  off  the  posy-knot'  Compare  Shakespeare's  '  Watery  rigol ' 
— Lucrece,  1.  1745. 

'  O.Fr.  rigote,  canal,  conduit  pour  T^ooulement  des  cauz  ....  da 
celtique :  kymri  rhig,  entaille,  coupure ;  rhigol,  sillon,  foss^.' — Bu&. 
Of.  Grip. 

(2)  8b.  a  groove. — Pulvkkbatch  ;  Oswestbt.  *  Yo'n  portended  to 
dust  this  room,  an'  jest  look  at  the  dirt  i'  the  rigol  round  the  tabk' 

BI(H)T,  same  as  Bigol,  above. — ^Wem. 

Amons:8t  the  'Terms  used  in  the  (Gentle  Craft*  [shoe-making], 
Bandle  Holme  has,  '  Channelling  the  Sole;  is  making  a  rt^^ettinthe 
outer  Sole  for  the  Wax  Thread  to  lie  in.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk. 
ni.  ch.  iii  p.  99. 

^egge  gives  '  Biggot.    A  gutter.    Lane' 

BILE,  V.  n.  to  move  about  uneasily ;  to  fidget, — ^generally  used  in 
combination  with  *  wriggle.'— Pulvbrbatoh.  *  I  couldna  'ear  the 
one  'afe  Mr.  Gilpin  said — them  childem  wun  rilin*  an'  wrigglin' 
about  i'  the  Chancel  all  the  wilde.'    See  Soil. 

RIMINO  [r'ei'min],  adj.  falling,  as  of  mist ;  same  as  Kisiluig,  q.  t.— 
'rtmiV  weather.' — ^WoBTHEK. 

EDTDEL  [r'in'dl],  sb.  a  small  stream. — Whitchurch,  Frees.  A.S. 
rynele,  a  stream,  runnel.     Cf.  Prill. 

KUTDLESS  [r'indlis  and  r^in'dles],  sb.  the  stomach  of  a  calf  prepared 
for  rennet — Pulverbatch.  '  This  rindlis  dunna  come  well ;  I  mils' 
remember  to  tell  Bowson  to  send  us  the  maw  from  our  own  cauf,  then 
we  sha'n  be  sure  on  it  oomin'.'  It  is  believed  that  the  rindUsa  obtained 
from  a  calf  whose  '  nursing  mother '  grazes  the  pasture  common  to  the 
dairy-stock  will  have  a  special  effect  on  the  milk  of  the  dairy,  causing 
it  to  coagulate — or  *eome,'  as  it  is  termed— with  almost  absolute 
certainty. 

* Benlys,  or  rendlys,  for  mylke.     Coaguhtm* — Prompt  Parv. 

Cf.  Mawskin. 

BIFPEK,  sb.  a  crescent-shaped  implement  used  for  trimming  the 
edges  of  gutters. — ^Whitchitbch. 

RIPPLES  [r'ip'lz],  sb.  pi.  the  movable  rails  put  on  the  sides  of  a 
cart  or  waggon  when  it  is  required  to  carry  a  more  than  ordinary 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  353 

load,  as,  for  instance,  at  hanrest-time. — Pxjlyebbatch  ;  Wobthbk; 
OoBYE  Dale  ;  Wem.  They  say  about  Cherbury  that  a  man  has  *  got 
the  ripples  on '  when,  though  not  absolutely  drunk,  he  has  yet  taken 
a  greater  quantity  of  drink  than  he  can  well  carry.  Thus  a  wife 
extenuated  her  husband's  insobriety :  '  Well,  'e  'ad  the  ripples  on,' — 
drunk  he  was  not,  though  he  had  exceeded  his  rightful  allowance. 
Cf.  ThrippleB.    See  Bathes. 

SISB  [r'ei'sl,  (1)  ah.  a  long,  slender  stick ;  a  branch. — ^Pulvbrbatoh  ; 
Ohuboh  Stbbtton  ;  Glee  Hills.  *  Yo*  mun  get  a  good  lung  rise 
as'U  raich  them  swedlows'  nists,  an'  proke  'em  down,  else  we  sha*n  a 
dirty  windows.' 

'  {yanne  [buskede]  a  bold  kniht  *  &  to  a  bow  stirte, 
^e  sote-sauerede  frut  *  sone  to  puUe. 
But  al  so  ra)>e  as  )>e  rink  *  gan  )»e  ris  touche, 
Doun  fel  he  wif^  dul  *  ded  in  }>e  place.' 

Alexander  and  Dindimus,  1.  129. 

'  Then  ynto  London  I  dyd  me  hye, 
Of  all  the  land  it  beareth  the  pryse : 
**  Hot  pescodes,"  one  began  to  crye, 
"  Strabery  rype,"  and  **  cherries  in  the  ryae." ' 

tJOHN  Lydgatb  (a.d.  1420,  circa),  London 
Lyckpeny,    Specim,  Eng,  Lit,  m.  a.  9. 

Du.  rijs  ;  Q^rm,  reis,  a  twig. 

(2)  v.  a.  to  rod  peas. — ^Pxtlyebbatgh  ;  Newpobt  ;  Ellesmebe. 
'  I  wanted  to  rise  the  tother  row  o'  pase,  but  I  fell  i^ort  o'  sticks.' 
See  Pea-riaeT8. 

(3)  V.  a.  to  beat, — *  rise  'is  back.'— Wem. 

BlSnrO  [r'ei'sinl^d.  a  beating  with  a  light  stick,—'  'E  gid  the  kd 
a  good  rtsin\* — Pulvebbatch. 

KiVjsLLED  [r'ivid],  part.  adj.  wrinkled. — Shbewsbubt  ;  Pulveb- 
batch. Qy.  com.  '  Martha  begins  to  shewn  age — 'er  neck  an'  'ands 
bin  all  rivelled  an'  s'runk.' 

'  A  riueld  skynne,  a  stinkyng  breath ;  what  than  ? 
A  tothelesse  mouth  shall  do  thy  lippes  no  harms.' 

Snt  Thomas  Wdlt  (a.d.  1540,  circa).  Satire,  m.  1.  61. 

In  Ephee.  v.  27  the  Wicliffite  version — ^a.d.  1388 — ^has  *ryueling,^ 
where  the  A.  Y.  has  <  wrinkU.'    Of.  Beeve  (3). 

BIVEL-BAVEL  [r^ivi  r'avl],  (1)  8h.  nonsense, — *  sich  rivel-raveV — 
Cluw,  Here/d.  Border, 

'  And  a  great  deal  more  of  such  rivd^ravel,  of  which  they  knew  no 
more  than  the  man  in  the  moon.' — The  High  German  Looking-Olass, 
1709,  in  Wb. 

(2)  adj.  nonsensical, — *  sich  rivd-ravel  stuff.' — Ibid. 

BO  AD,  sh,,  pee.  way,  manner,— of  doing  a  thing.  Com.,  *Yo' 
come  by  [stand  aside],  an'  I'll  shewn  yo'  the  rodd  [way  to  do  it].' 

BOB  [r'ob*],  (I)  sb.  a  very  stiff  preserve, — the  term  seems  to  be 
restricted  to  black-currant  jam. — Pulvebbatch.  '  I  think  Missis 
biles  'er  jam  too  lung,  it's  as  'ard  as  black-currant  rob.' 

A  A 


354  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

FeM^  haa  '  Eohhf  a  stiff  jelly  made  from  fruit,  and  denominated 
aoooimngly,  as  Elder-Rohb  ;  called  in  the  South  Jam,^ 

Fr.  T<&;  It.  robbo;  Sp.  rob;  Arab,  robb;  the  thickened  jnioe  of 
fruits. 

(2)  8b.  a  tangle,  as  of  thread,  twine,  Ac, — '  all  on  a  rob.*    Com. 
KOBBLE,  sb.  an  entanglement, — same  as  Serobble  (1),  q.  v.— Wkm; 

OSWESTBY. 

B0BIH-£Tni-I*-THE-'EDOE,  sh.  GUch^ma  hederdeea,  Giound-Ivy. 
Com. 

BOBnrS-PDrCirSHIOV,  sb.  the  gall  of  the  WUd  Rose.— Clun. 
Bee  Briar-boM.    Of.  Mop  (2). 

BOBS,  sb.  pL  (quantities. — Atchak;  Wev.     'Han  yo'  fund  anyf 

*  Aye,  robs  on  it.* 

BOCBS  [r'och'],  sb.  loose,  crumbling  rock  ;  earth  much  mixed  with 
stone;  a  sub-soil  of  earth  and  gravel. — Pulyebbatoh;  Welldtqton. 
'  It  6onna  bring  much  aside  o'  the  'ill,  theer  inna  much  sile,  an'  whad 
is  is  roche.' 

*  Roche,  ston.     Rupa,  rupes.^ — Prompt  Parv. 

*  O.Fr.  roche ;  rocher,  §cueil.' — Bub. 

Fr.  '  Roche,  rock.    II  y  a  quelque  anguille  sous  roche  (il  y  a  qnelque 
ohoee  de  cach6  dans  I'affaireX    Tnere*s  a  snake  in  the  grass.' — Chamb. 
Of.  Bammel. 

BOCHT  [r'och -i'],  o^;.  of  the  nature  of  roche^ — ^hard :  said  of  soil 
that  turns  up  in  lumps. — ^Pulvebbatch  ;  Wesc.     Of.  Bammelly. 

BODEV'S-COWT.  See  Eorty-sa'-one,  &c.— Pulybbbatch;  Clee 
Hills. 

BODHEY,  same  as  Battling,  q.  v. — Ellbshebb,  Wehhampton. 

BOOEB,  sb.  the  paunch  of  a  pig,«-same  as  Hod^fe,  q.  t.  Com.  See 
Nancy. 

BOIL  [r'oi'l  eorr.  r'ahyl],  same  as  Bile,  q.  v. — Atchah  ;  Wbm. 

B0IT8  [r'oi'ts],  same  as  Beits,  q.  v., — a  broader  pronunciation  of 
the  term.    See  Baw-yeds. 

BOMAHCE  [r^oa*mans],  (I)  sb.  that '  silly  jesting  which  is  not  con- 
venient ' — haying  a  show  of  truth.  Com.  *  I  should  never  'eed  whad 
that  fellow  savs,  'e's  so  full  on  'is  rdmance.* 

*  O.Fr.  romans ;  histoire  fabuleuse.' — ^BxTB. 

(2)  V.  n.  to  exaggerate  in  narration ;  to  relate  a  oircumstanoe  in 
such  a  jesting  kind  of  way  as  to  throw  doubt  upon  its  verity- 
Com.  *  Now,  Ben,  dunna  romdnce,  but  tell  me  straight  forrat  'ow  it 
'appened, — ^yo'  bin  too  fond  o'  romdncin\  theer's  no  Imowin'  w'en  yo' 
spake  the  truth.'    O.Fr.  rornancier.    See  Bub. 

BOMBLINO,  adj., pec.  restless.  Com.  'The  child's  bin  romUin' 
all  night — I  couldna  sleep  for  it.* 

BOMMELLT,  adj.  fat ;  greasy. — Pulvebbatch  ;  Chubch  Stbbtton. 

•  'Ow's  yore  pig  gettin'  on,  Tummas  ? '    *  Oh !  right  well— 'e'il  mak' 


OLOSSART  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   355 

30  score  by  Christmas/    '  Well,  I  dunna  like  'em  so  big,  the  bacon 
ates  so  rommelly,* 

B0MP8TAL  [r'omp-stul],  ah.  a  romping  girl. — Pulverbatch.  '  'Er^s 
a  great  rompstaJ — ^more  fur  play  than  work.* 

BOBTGE  [r'onj'],  v.  n,  to  reach;  to  try  to  attain,  as  by  stretching  or 
eflfbrt— -I^ULVERBATCH.  •  Jones's  cattle  bin  al'ays  rongin*  o'er  the  'edge 
after  nettles— it's  a  sign  the  pastur*  's  bar.'  *  Well,  let  'em  rong€,  irs 
thar  own  fence.' 

BONOINO-HOOK,  ah,  a  hooked  stick,  or  a  stick  furnished  with  a 
hook,  for  pulling  dead  branches  out  of  trees. — Ibid,  *  Jim  made  me 
a  capital  rongin-SSk  55th  a  stail  of  a  pitchin'-pikel,  an'  ptlt  a  iron 
'55k  at  it — ^it's  a  sight  better  than  a  '55kit-6tick. 

BOHK  [r'ong'k],  (1)  adj.  strong;  vigorous;  luxuriant — ^in  growth, 
as  of  wheat  or  potatoes.  Qy.  com.  *  Them  'tatoes  bin  ronJi  i'  the 
top,  I  dunna  know  'ow  the  bottoms  bin.'    Cf.  Oen.  xli.  5. 

(2)  adj\  cunning  ;  bad ;    mischievous, — *  a   ronk  owd  file ;  * — *  a 
ronkish  lad.'    Qy.  com. 

*  pat  wat2  ^e  rauen  so  ronk  *  >at  rebel  watz  euer.' 

Alliterative  Poems,  The  Deluge  (A.D.  1360,  eirca), 
Specim.  Early  Eng.,  xiii.  1.  456. 

A.S.  ranc,  proud ;  haughty ;  rebellious. 

BOOK,  (1)  V.  n.  to  huddle ;  to  lie  close,  as  fowls  do. — Shrewsbury  ; 
Pulverbatch.  (1)  *  They  wun  thick  enough  o'  the  groun'  afore,  an' 
now  Jack's  comen  an'  brought  'is  wife  an'  two  childern,  so  they  bin 
fiEirly  rooked  up.'  (2)  '  The  fowls  bin  inclined  to  rook  under  the  stack- 
frames  an'  wam-'us— it's  a  sure  sign  of  a  snow.' 

'  What  is  mankynde  more  unto  vow  holde 
Than  is  the  scheep,  that  rouketh  in  the  folde  ? ' 

Chaucer,  The  Knightes  Tale,  L  450,  ed.  Morris. 

'  The  raven  rool^d  her  on  the  chimney's  top.' 

3  K.  Henry  F/.,  V.  vi.  47. 
Low  Germ,  hvrken,  to  squat  down. 

(2)  eh,  the  iron  key  used  for  winding  up  a  kitchen-grate  when  it 
is  too  wide. — ^Wem. 

BOOT-WOUTED  [wou-tid],  Pulverbatch.  [wautid],  Wem,  />rtr<. 
past,  up-rooted.  *  The  winde  's  broke  a  lot  o  trees  i  the  park,  an' 
root^wotUed  some  o'  them  big  elms.'    See  Wout,  also  Wawt. 

BOP  [rop-],  sh.,  var.  pr,  a  rope.     Com,     See  auh  voce  Frommet  (2). 

BOPE  Fr'oa-p],  (1)  pret.  and  part,  past,  reaped. — Pulverbatch; 
Clbb  Hills.  *  Yo'  romembor'n  John  Pugh.'  '  I  should  think  I  do, 
I've  rope  ooth  'im  many  a  day — we  use't  to  tak'  'arrooat  all  round 
Cantlop  an'  Cunder  an'  theer  won  I  wuz  a  young  fellow.' 

(2)  3b.  the  '  trail '  of  a  woodcock. — Pulverbatch.    See  below. 

BOPBS,  sbt  pi.  the  entrails  of  a  sheep, — *  the  ship's  ropes.* — Pulver- 
batch.   Ghrose  gives  *  Hopes,    Guts.    N.' 
A.S.  roppas^  bowels ;  entrails. 

aa  2 


35G  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

&OPT  [r'oa'pi*],  (ulj,  vLscoun ;  striitRy :  said  of  tread,  also  of  beer. 
Com.  *  Look  at  this  bread,  Dick,  it'll  pool  into  nex'  wik,  it's  that  ropsf.' 
Hot,  damp  weather  will  cause  both  bread  and  beer  to  become  ro/)y, 
and  it  is  curious  that  the  former,  when  in  this  state,  will  infect 
sound  bread, — a  loaf  laid  upon  a  shelf  where  roptf  bread  had  stood 
would  speedily  become  unsound  in  like  manner.  *  Yo*  munna  put  the 
new  bread  o'  that  shilf  w'eer  the  las'  batch  wuz,  or  we  sha'n  be  'im 
it  ropy  afore  it's  cowd.*  Beer  will  become  ropy  when  insufficiently 
boiled  or  bittered.  *  Now  see,  an'  bwile  that  drink  well,  or  we  sha'n 
'Ave  it  ropy  this  muckery  weather.*  ^ 

*Ropynge,  ale  or  o|>er  lycowre  (ropy  aa  ale,  K.  H.).     Viscotui.— 
Prompt,  Farv. 

BOUGH  [r'uf  •],  sh.  a  wooded  slope,— steeply  inclined.  Com.  *  Ah, 
Joe,  I  fund  out  w'y  yo*  couldna  tell  w'eer  the  text  wuz  o*  Sunday— yo' 
wun  nuttin'  i'  Wildm's  rough  (Sheptonfields),  an'  'e's  gwein  to  get  a 
summons  for  yo'.' 

BOTJOHED  [r'uft],  ])art.  past,  made  rough,  as  with  firoet-nails :  said 
of  horses'  shoes.  Com.  Handle  Holme  has  'Frosted'  in  the  same 
sense.    See  Frost-nails. 

BOUHGIHO  [r'ou-nsin],  ndj,,  obsoh,  roaring ;  boisterous, — '  a  rouncin 
fire ; '— *  a  routhcin'  wlnde.' — Pulvbrbatch  ;  Wobthew. 

BOUHSS,  sb,  a  turn  once  up  and  down  a  ploughed  field. — ^Whh- 
CHURCH.     See  Bout  (2). 

BOmiD-BHAyinO,  ah.^  sU  a  sharp  reprimand.  —  Pulvkbbatch. 
*  If  yo*  dun  that  agen,  yo'n  get  sich  a  roun^shauin*  yo'  never  Wn 
afore.' 

BOTTSE  [r'ous],  8b.  rubbish,  as  of  garden  refuse — bean-tops,  immature 
fruit,  &C., — 'rucks  o*  route.* — Pulvbebatch;  Cokve  Dal£;  Wem; 
Oswestry. 

B0U8TY,  adj.  rusty.     Com. 

*  Scaber,  rough,  rowsUW — Duncan's  Appendix  EiymologitXt  ^'^• 
1596,  E.  D.  S.,  B.  xiii. 

BOUTE  [r*out],  (1)  sb.  a  party ;  an  assembled  company.— Polvbb- 
BATGH.     *  They  bin  '&yin'  a  big  route  at  the  Squire'a' 

*  but  for  [to]  telle  )>e  a-tiryng  •  of  ^at  child  >at  time, 
^at  al  pa,t  real  route  *  were  araied  fore.' 

William  of  Paleme,  L  1942- 

'O.Fr.  route;  compagnie,  bande.*— Bur.     Of.  Bout  (4). 

(2)  eh.  a  disturbance ;  a  commotion.— il^td  *  Theyd'n  a  V^^ 
route  at  Powtherbitch  Wakes.'  *  'Adna  P  whad  wxm  a  doin'  P '  *  ^1 
fightin'  like  mad.' 

*  To  make  rowtte  into  Bome  with  ryotous  knyghtes. 
Within  a  seyenyghte  daye  with  sex  score  helmes.' 

Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  67,  in  Hal. 

*  O.Fr.  route  .  .  ,  confusion,  d^sordre ;  de  ruplw,  rupta.* — ^BuB. 

(3)  V.  n.  to  low;   to  cry,  or  make  a  noise,  as  animals  do  whea 
less. — PuLVBRBATCH.     *  Did'n  yo'  fother  them  beas  well  '  " 


restk 


GLOSSARY   OP  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   3j7 

night?  they  wan  routirC  till  I  cotildna  get  a  wink  o'  sleep,— -no,  I 
oonldna.* 

' and  made  hem  rowU 

AIb  he  weren  kradelbames : 

So  dos  )>e  child  )xat  moder  |>ames.' 

Eavdok  the  Dane,  L  1911. 

*  Mugioy  to  Towi  like  a  nowt/  occurs  in  Duncan's  Appendix 
Etymologice,  A.D.  1595,  £.  D.  S.,  B.  xiii. 

Grose  gives  *  Botvt,  To  rowt  or  rawt,  to  lowe  like  an  ox  or 
cow.    N.* 

*  A.S.  hrutan;  O.Pris.  hruta;  O.IceL  Arto<a,  route,  mugireJ — Strat. 

(4)  $h.  the  cry,  or  noise,  made  by  restless  animals. — Ibid.  *  The  ship 
bin  makin'  a  pretty  route,* 

(5)  V,  a,  to  turn  up  out  of  the  earth,  as  pigs  do  with  the  snout, — 
'  routed  the  'tatoes  up.'    Com. 

BOUTT,  cuij.  rutty ;  full  of  wheel  tracks, — '  a  routy  road.'     Com. 

BOWDED  [r^oa'did],  adj.  having  alternate  rows  of  fat  and  lean : 
said  of  bacon  chiefly.  Com.  '  Ake  Molly  Dovas'on  to  cut  me  a  nice 
row'ded  bit  o'  bacon,  I  canna  do  66th  it  so  very  feit.' 

BOWilT,  same  as  above.     Com. 

B0WS0F8  COWT.     See  Porty-sa'-one,  &c.— Wobthen. 

BOZZEH-IH,  V.  n.  to  set  to  work  in  a  determined,  vigorous  manner. 
— ^Wem.  *  'E  ketcht  out  o'  the  pikel  an'  rozzened-in  than  I  thought 
Vd  a  dropt.' 

BXJBBEB,  sb.  a  mower's  whet-stone. — Ludlow,  Burford, 

'The  rub  or  buckle  stone  which  husbandmen  doe  occupie  in  the 
whetting  of  their  sithes.' — Harbtbon's  Description  of  England,  Pt.  ii. 
p.  64. 
Of.  Bur  (2). 

BTTCK,  (1)  r.  a.  to  crease;  to  rumple.     Com.     'Jest  see  'ow  yo'n 
rucked  yore  appam — ^whadever  han  'ee  bin  doin'  ? ' 
'  O.N.  hruaca,  to  wrinkle.'— Wedg. 

(2)  sb.  a  rough  crease;  an  aggregation  of  creases.  Com.  'The 
poor  child's  do'es  bin  all  in  a  rt^  from  maul  in'  it  about — ^no  66nder 
at  it  cryin'.' 

•N.  hrukka,  a  wrinkle.' — ^Wedo. 

(3)  a6.  a  heap, — '  a  ruck  o*  stwuns.'    Com. 
'O.Swedrti£i,  ruck;  heap.' — Stbat. 

(4)  V.  a.  to  gather  into  heaps.  Com.  *  Jack,  I  want  yo'  i'  the 
fallow  to  rticA;  scutch  ready  for  burnin'.' 

BITCKS  AH'  TEPS,  phr,  analogous  to  'dueka  atid  drak-es,'  as 
applied  to  squandering  property. — ^Pulvebbatch.  Qy.  com.  *  Yo'n 
got  a  pretty  place  'ere,  Maister.'  '  Aye,  lad,  it's  took  me  many  a 
'ear's  ^ard  work  to  get  it  together,  but  I  doubt  it'll  soon  be  made 
rucks  an*  yeps  on  w'en  I'm  gwun.'     Yep  =  heap. 

BTTDOB    See  Bidge. 


358  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

BUFF,  8b,  a  roof.  Com.  '  Dunna  shift  that  lather,  we  wanton  it 
'ere — the  men  hin  gwein  o'  the  ruff  to  fettle  it,  it  looses  the  wet  in.' 

'1581.    September.    Pd.  for  trussynge  up  the  ruffe  of  the  churdie 
end,  "vjd.* — Churchwardens*  AccounU,  S.  Mary's,  Bhrewsbury, 
*  Ruffe  of  an  hows.* — Fr(mipt,  Farv. 

BTJIIDEL  [r'undl],  (1)  sh.,  obsols.  a  pollard  oak. — ^Pulverbatch, 
These  pollards  are  usually  spoken  of  as  '  old  rundeU'  because  for  masy 
years  oaks  have  not  been  polled,  consequently  what  there  are  must 
be  of  old  CTowth,  but  it  does  not  of  necessi^  follow  that  a  rundd 
must  be  *  hollow, '  as  sometimes  explained.  Farmers  were  formerly 
allowed  to  top  trees  for  the  wood  they  required,  as  for  repairs  of 


capital  three-fanged  bough  'angs 

nave ;  but  the  Squire  66nna  *ave  a  wuk  cut  fur  the  world — *e  caxma 

bar  the  sight  of  a  rundd.'    Gf.  Bunnel. 

(2)  eb,  by  metaphor, — an  aged  person  who  has  outlived  the  feiends 
and  companions  of  early  years. — Ibid.  *  All  the  owd  neighhours  bin 
gwim,  an'  lef  a  poor  rundd  like  me.'  *  Oh !  yo'n  las'  a  good  irilde 
yet,  Molly — rundela  bin  mostly  'ard.' 

(3)  sb,  a  dwarfed,  stimted  person  or  animal. — Ibid.  *  Yore  new 
wagffoner's  a  deepert  rundel,  it  11  be  more  than  *e  can  do  to  raich  the 
'orse  s  yed.'     Of.  Bunt,  below. 

BTOTLET,  eb,,  obsA  a  shallow,  round  tub,  used  for  brewing  parposei. 
— Pulvbbbatoh;  Bishop's  Castle.  Tm  a  bit  doubtfiil  o*  the 
barm,  piit  some  wort  i'  the  rujilet,  an'  try  if  it'll  come  [work].' 

'  Tow  small  BunleUs '  are  enumerated  amonsst  other  things  in '  The 
Seller,'  in  an  Inventory,  dated  at  Owlbury  Manor-House,  Bishop  fi 
Castle,  1625. 

BTJVNABLE,  adv.  by  rote ;  fluently,  as  of  a  repetition  lesson  well 
prepared  or  well  said. — Pulvebbatoh.  *  Billy,  han  yo*  gotten  yore 
spellin'  runnahUy  an'  yore  catechis'  an'  yore  coUic'  ? '  *  las,  Mother. 
'That's  a  good  child— yo'n  soon  be  a  scholard.'    See  Mr.  Skeat  on 

*  r enable^  m  Nates  on  Piers  Pl.yQ.  i.  176,  p.  23. 

BUNITEL,  eb.  an  old  stunted  tree,  usually  a  pollard,  and  hollow.— 
Atoham;  Wellington;  Wem.    C£  Bondel  (1). 

BUNT,  same  as  Bnndel  (3).  —  Pulvebbatch  j  WeLUNGfOK ; 
OswESTBY.    Qy.  com. 

BTTNTED,  adj.  stunted  in  growth.— Jfrwi.  *  The  'eifer  dunna  change 
'er  cooat  kindly — I  think  'er's  runted  throm  bad  winterin'.' 

BUTTLIVO  [r'uflin],  sb.  and  part.  pres.  rattling ;  guigling— tta* 
pecuUar  noise  in  the  throat  often  observed  in  dying  persons.    Qj-  ^^ 

*  It's  nigh  all  o'er  ooth  'im,  poor  owd  mon,  'e's  ruUtin'  V  the  throat 

*  O.Du.  rotelen,  to  rottle,  rattle.* — Stbat. 

BTAL  [r'ei'ul],  (1)  adj.  royal, — '  the  ryal  family.'     Qy.  com. 

*  And  Ground  our  queue  in  rml  aray.' 

John  Aubelatt's  Poeww,  p.  ix. 


QLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   359 

(2)  adj,  *  high  and  mighty ; '  independent,— in  a  bad  sense. — ^Wbm# 
*  'E  wuz  mighty  ryo/,  I  can  tell  yo',  w'en  I  toud  'im  whad  the  Maister 
said.' 


SAD,  adj.  dose ;  heavy :  said  of  bread  which,  owing  to  bad  yeast  or 
from  being  ill  made,  has  not  risen  pro^rly,  or,  being  well  made  and 
baked,  has  been  shaken  before  beconung  *  set '  or  cold.  Com.  '  0, 
MissLB,  yo'n  mak*  the  loaf  «a(2  if  yo*  bin  so  rough  doth  it/  said  a 
seryant-^1  to  a  hAj  who  had  taken  up  a  loaf  hot  out  of  the  oyen, 
and  hastily  dropped  it. 

'  8adj  heavy,  dose  Bread.' — Academy  of  Armory ^  Bk.  HI.  eh.  viL 
p.  317. 

8ady  in  the  sense  of  firm,  heavy,  clayey,  occurs  in  Aleoacmder  and 
Dindimus : — 

'  For  to  sowe  &  to  sette  '  in  |»e  $ad  ertha' — 1.  012. 

'  Scd,  or  hard.    Bolidw,* — Prompt  Parv, 
Cf.  Sammy. 

SADE  [sai'd],  to  cloy ;  to  satiate. — Fclverbatch  ;  Wem.  Qy.  com. 
'  Dick  says  'e  can  ate  as  much  poncake  as  *e  could  stick  a  pikel 
through,  out  'ell  find  as  they'n  soon  aade  *im,' 

*  To  aade,  cloy,  aaiio* — Coles'  Lat.  Diet,  in  TTat^ 

***0f  worldes  winne  aorf."— Walter  Maoes  [a.d.  1162,  circa],  341. 
A.S.  9(ed;  O.Sax.  ecid;  O.IoeL  satr;  Gotn.  8a\>a;  O.K. Germ,  iater 
{aatur),  satiate,'  in  Stbat. 

SADDTO,  part.  adj.  cloying;  satisfying. — Ibid.  'This  shooity 
dumplin*  's  despert  Bad%n\  I  oanna  ate  no  more  on  it.' 

SAOE-GHEESE,  ah.  an  ordinary  cheese  with  a  sprinkling  of  sage  in 
the  curd.  Qy.  com.  When  sage-cheese  is  made  it  is  usually  at  the 
end  of  the  dairv  season ;  the  cheese  then  beine  difficult  to  <uy,  sage 
is  rubbed  into  the  curd  to  act  as  a  *  drier.'  '  We'n  rub  a  bit  o'  sage  i' 
this  crud,  itU  'elp  to  dry  it,  an'  we  bin  all  fond  on  a  bit  o*  aage^heeee,^ 
In  some  dairies  an  imitotion  of  Cheddar  cheese  is  sometimes  made, 
by  pounding  sage  leaves  and  adding  the  juice  expressed  from  them  to 
toe  customarv  curd. 

Bandle  Hohne  has,  '  Sage,  or  Mint,  or  Marigold  Cheese.' — Academy 
of  Armory,  Bk.  HL  ch.  viiL  p.  336. 

SAKE  [sai'k],  ab.  a  land-spring ;  a  place  where  the  water  oozes  out 
on  the  surface  soiL — Wem  ;  Whitghtboh  ;  Ellbsmeee.  C£  Seek  (2). 

SAKT,  adj.  having  wet  patches :  said  of  fields. — Wellinqton  ; 
Wem;  y^T.T.wamzu^. 

BALLET,  »&.  a  salad. — Shrewsbury;  Pulvbrbatoh;  Cleb  Hills; 
Ellesmebb.    Qy.  com. 

' .  .  .  .  Wherefore,  on  a  brick  wall  have  I  climbed  into  this  garden, 
to  see  if  I  can  eat  grass,  or  pick  a  eallet,  ....  which  is  not  amiss  to 
cool  a  man's  stomach  this  hot  weather.' — 2  K.  Henry  VI.,  lY.  x.  9. 

*  ScUlet,  is  either  Sweet  Herbs,  or  Pickled  Fruit,  as  Cucumbers^ 
Samphire,  Elder  Buds,  Broom  Buds,  &c.,  eaten  with  Boasted  Meats.' 
— Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  iii  p.  84. 


360  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

O.Lat.  '  Salata.    Sallets.'— /H'd.  Etym.  Lot.     <  Insaldia,  salad  (food 
of  raw  herbs).'— Meadows*  /to/.  Diet, 

SALLT,  sb.  the  name  applied  genericallj  to  every  speciea  of  Osier, 
and  to  other  Salioes  of  semi-arboreal  habit.    Com. 

^  Near  to  the  shady  bank  where  slender  MUies  grow." 

DiLATTON,  Th€  Musea'  Elymum^  Nymphal  YL 

* .  .  .  .  the  cherries  on  the  wall  must  be  turnings  red,  the  yellow 
8cUly  must  be  on  the  brook,  wheat  must  be  callow  witii  quiyering 
bloom,  and  the  early  meadows  swathed  with  hay.' — IdL  D.  Black- 
MOBB,  Lorna  Doone,  A  Romance  of  Exmoor,  p.  515,  ed.  1878. 

'  Amera  seal'  occurs  in  Latin  and  AnglO'Scucon  Ohaaea,  zL  cent,  in 
Wr.  Tocabs.,  vol.  iL  p.  8,  and  Mr.  Wright  gives  the  explanation  :— 
*  The  willow,  still  called  the  dally  on  the  border  of  Wales  and  in  the 
West  of  England.' 

Dr.  Stratmann  gives  the  plural  form  of  the  word,  *  salyhei,''  as 
occurring  in  an  '  Anglo-Saxon  and  Early  English  Psalter.' 

Wyclif  has  »ale\vi$^  Ps.  oxxzyi.  (or  cxxxyii.)  2. 

A.S.  9ealh;  O.H.Germ.  9al(a)ha;  Lat  mdix.    Qt  Witky. 


SALLT-BED,  sb,  a  plantetion  of  SaUies.—Bsi  Osier>bolt.— Wfx. 
Gf.  Withy-bed. 

SAMCLOTH  [samklu'th],  «&.,  ohsds,  a  sampler. — ^Pulvebbatch ; 
Wem. 

Bandle  Holme  enumerates  amongst '  The  School  Mistris  Terms  of 
Art,'  *  A  SaTnclothf  vulgarly  a  Sampler.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk. 
in.  ch.  iii  p.  98. 

SAHKTy  adj\  close ;  clammy ;  heavy :  said  of  bread. — Wkh.  CI 
Bad. 

8AVCTTJABT  [sangkteuhYi*],  sb.^  var,  pr.  common  Centaury.— 
PuLVEBBATOH ;  Clun  ;  CoLLiEBT.    See  Bloodwort. 

8APT  [sai-pi'l,  adj.  moist;  slimy, — the  firat  stage  of  putrescence: 
said  of  meat.  Qy.  com.  '  This  dose,  muggy  weather  the  mate  gets 
$apy  direc'ly/    C£  Low  Du.  aaja^p,  juice ;  wet 

SAKCH»  SEARCH,  {!)  sb,  a  sieve— about  two  feet  in  diameter- 
made  of  sheep-skm  drilled  with  holes,  used  in  granaries  for  f^^^^ 
the  dust  from  grain. — Bishop's  Castle;  Cluk;  Bbidgxobth.  Ct 
Blind-sieve. 

(2)  $h.,  6b$,  a  sieve  similar  to  the  above,  formerly  in  general  use  in 
small  flour-mills  throughout  Shropshire,  for  sifting  flour  of  very  ^^ 
quality.    It  obtained  as  late  as  1835,  if  not  lat^. 

'  The  Searce  or  Searcer,  it  is  a  fine  Sieve  with  a  Leather  cover  on 
the  top  and  bottom  of  the  Sieve  Bim,  to  keep  the  Dant  or  Flower  of 
any  Pulverized  Substance,  that  nothing  be  lost  of  it  in  the  Searceing/ 
— Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  viii.  p.  337. 
Ash  has  '  Searce.    A  fine  kind  of  sieve  or  bolter.' 
Bailey— ed.  1782 — givee  *  A  Sarae,  a  Sort  of  Sieve.' 
'  O.Fr.  aaaa  ;  eaa ;  tamis,  sas.    Bas  Lat  sedatium  .  .  .  .  de  <eto  (^ 
aetaceum)  crin.  ....  parce  qu'ils  [les  tamis]  sont  faits  de  crins,  signi- 
fication qu'  a  aeto.' — Bub. 


I 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.  361 

*Fr.  ScUt  tissu  de  crin  attach^  k  un  cercle  de  bois,  &  qui  sert  k 
passer  de  la  farine,  du  platre,  &c.    Sieve,  aearce.' — Chamb. 

(3)  sb.y  oba,  a  strainer  (P). — Clee  Hills. 

•  1  Brass  Kettell  &  /SarcA— 0-1-6/— *  1  brass  Kettle  &  Search— 
0-1-6/  are  items  of  an  Inventory  dated  at  Aston  Botterell  about  A.D. 
1758. 

There  are  [1873]  aged  persons  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Abdon  who 
remember  brass  kettles  fitted  up  with  strainers  after  the  manner  of  a 
fish-kettle,  but  the  term  aarch,  or  search,  appears  to  be  obsolete. 

'j.  Bars  of  brasse/ — *j.  sarche  of  tre/  are  enumerated  amongst 
things  pertaining  to  the  *  Coquena^^  in  the  '  Laventory  of  Sir  Jonn 
Fastolf's  Goods/  A.D.  1459. — Fasten  Letters,  voL  i.  p.  490. 

Pegge  hajs  *  Serce,  a  strainer  for  gravy,  &c.    YoA.*^ 

SAK-CLOTH,  sh,,  ohs.  a  plaister. — Pulykrbatch  ;  Worthen.  '  'Is 
back  keeps  despert  bad,  an'  'e's  wore  a  sar-cioth  all  winter.' 

•  Ligatura,*  glossed  *  sar-daH,*  occurs  in  Archbp,  ^l/ric's  Vocabu- 
lary, X.  cent,  in  Wr.  vocabs. ,  vol.  i.  p.  20. 

Ash  gives  '  Searcloth.    A  kind  of  plaister ;  a  large  plaister.' 
'  Cerat,  A  Plaister  made  of  Waxe,  Gommes,  &c.,  and  certain  Gyles ; 
Wee  also  call  it,  a  cerot  or  seare-dothJ* — CoTORAVB*8  French  Dtdionary. 
A.S.  sdr-do^,  a  sore-cloth.     Of.  Sliar-cloth. 

SABlf  [saa'r'n],  (1)  expl.  '  Sam  it '  is  a  forcible  form  of  expression 
not  amounting  to  an  oath.  Com.  *  Sam  it  wunst !  Pve  talked  to 
'im  solid  an'  sairious,  an'  I've  plagued  'im^  but  it's  no  use— 'e  wull 
'ave  'er;  an'  this  is  whad  I  look  at,  'er  conna  work,  an'  whad  good'U 
'er  be  to  'im ! '  So  reasoned  a  girl  (from  the  neighbourhood  of  Elles- 
mere)  upon  her  brother's  choice  of  a  wife.    Gf.  Gonsam-yo'. 

(2)  $b.  a  culvert. — Clttn;  Cobye  Dale.  W.  sarn,  a  causeway;  a 
paving.    Gf.  Sough  (1). 

SABVE  [saaVv],  (1)  v.  a.  to  serve.     Com. 

•  Mans  wisdome  scatereth  /  divideth,  and  maketh  sectes  /  while  the 
wisdome  of  one  ift  that  a  white  Goto  is  best  to  aarve  God  in  /  and 
a-nother  saith,  a  blacke  /  a-nother,  a  grey  /  [a}nother,  a  blew.' — 
WiLLLUi  Tyndalb  [A.D.  1528],  Obedience  of  a  Christian  Man, 
Spedm,  Eng.  Lit.,  xvi.  1.  353. 

(2)  V,  a.  to  give  pigs  their  food.  Gom.  '  Jack»  yo'  can  sarve  the 
pigs  awLLde  I  pdt  the  gis  an'  ducks  up.'    See  Fother  (2). 

SABVER,  sb.  a  round,  shallow  basket  holding  a  single  '  feed '  of 
com. — Pulvbbbatch.  Qy.  com.  *  'As  the  mar'  'ad  'er  'ay  ?  Then 
yo*  can  gie  'er  a  sarver  ft^ll  o'  odats/    Gf.  Server. 

SABylnO,  sb,  the  quantity  of  food  given  at  one  time  :  said  of  pigs 
chiefly.  Gom.  *  Gie  the  fat  pigs  a  good  sarvin'  the  las'  thing — the 
nights  bin  lung.' 

SATE  [sai't],  (1)  sb.  young  thorn  set  for  hedges ;  usually  protected  by 

Sosts  and  rails. — Pulyekbatgh  ;  Wobthen.     '  The  cowts  han  broke 
own  the  pwus  an'  rails— gwun  through  the  ao^e-'edge,  an'  trod  it 
down  fur  two  or  three  yards.'    Gf.  Seat. 

(2)  ab.  a  kind  of  wedge-shaped  chisel,  used  by  blacksmiths  for 
cutting  bars  of  iron  in  lengths, — a  '  set.'    Gom. 


362  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

8ATE-B0D,  sb,  a  tough  hazel  rod  twisted  round  the  neck  of  the  'set,* 
and  forming  a  handle,  which  is  preferred  to  an  iron  one,  as  it  causes 
less  jar  to  the  hand  when  the '  set '  is  struck  for  the  purpose  of  cutting 
off  a  length  of  iron.  Com.  '  Sate-rod*  binna  so  much  used  now 
[1874] — said  a  Hanwood  blacksmith — '  sence  they'n  made  it  a  tres- 
pass to  go6  r  the  coppies  to  got  the  'azel  twigs.' 

Bandle  Holme  has  the  following  amongst  *  Terms  used  by  Smiths:' 
— '  Seat  Bod  or  Punch  Bod;  is  With  or  Wreathen  stick  turned  about 
the  Head  of  a  fire  punch  to  hold  it  on  the  hot  Iron,  while  it  is  striking 
through  or  making  a  hole  in  it.'  — Academy  of  Armory ^  Bk.  HE.  ch. 
iii.  p.  89. 

SAUCE  [saa's],  sh,  vegetables,  or  any  other  additions  to  the  dinner- 
table,  which  are  eaten  with  meat — Corye  Dale,  Stanton  Laoey, 

8AVATI0H  [saivai'shun],  (1)  sb.  saving,  as  of  a  person  or  thing. — 
PuLVEBBATOH.  Qy.  com.  '  I  like  a  good  wide  appam  to  come  round 
yo' — it's  a  great  savation  to  yore  gownd.' 

*  And  for  the  savadon  of  my  maisters  horse,  I  made  my  fellowe  to 
rvde  a  wey  with  the  ij.  horses ;  and  I  was  brought  forth  with  befor 
the  capteyn  of  Kent' — Paston  Letters,  A.D.  1465,  vol.  i.  p.  132. 

(2)  sb.  saving, — in  the  sense  of  economy. — Ibid.  *  I  dunna  think 
theer's  much  mvation  in  bumin'  5dd ;  if  yo'  mun  pay  a  mon  to  cleaye 
it,  yo'  met'n  as  well  buy  coal.' 

SAVE-ALL,  8b,  a  money-box  with  an  aperture  in  the  top  for  dropping 
*  pennies  saved '  into. — Newport. 

SAVEBH-TBEE  [savur'n],  sb.  Junipetnis  scUnna, — ^Pulverbatoh, 
ffanwood, 

*  Hec  «anitna,  An"  a  saveryn,*  occurs  in  a  Pictorial  VocabtUary^  xv. 
cent,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  L  p.  265.  Mr.  Wright  supposes  it  to  be 
JuniperuB  sabina,  *  Savem-tea '  is  supposed  to  procure  abortion.  See 
Savin-tree,  below. 

SAYIH-TBEE,  same  as  SaTem-tree,  above. — ^Pulverbatgh  ;  Wem. 
The  properties  imnuted  to  a  *  tea '  made  from  this  shrub  (see  above) 
are  alluded  to  in  the  following  lines : — 

' .    .    .    And  when  I  look 
To  gather  fruit,  find  nothing  but  the  Bavin^tree, 
Too  frequent  in  nunnes'  orchards,  and  there  planted, 
By  all  conjecture,  to  destroy  fruit  rather.' 

Middletok,  Game  of  Chea$,  C.  L  6,  in  Wr. 

*  Saveyne,  tree.     Savina,* — Prompt,  Parv. 

SAWEB  [savur'],  sb,  a  small  quantity ;  a  morsel ;  a  taste :  said  of 
food, — '  tneer  inna-d-a  sawer  on  it  lef .' — Pitlverbatoh  ;  Ellesmxbb; 
Wem.     Pegge  has  this  word  for  Derbyshire. 
Oompare  *  Savowre  or  tast.     Sapor,* — Prompt.  Parv, 
*0,Ft,  Savor,  Savour;  godt,  saveur;  d.Q  sapor,* — BiTK. 

SAWTH  [sau'th],  sb,  saw-dust. — Cobve  Dale. 

SATLT  [sai'li*],  cnJj.,  ohsols,  thin;  flimsy. — Worthkn.  'This  new 
fiannin's  sad  sayly  stuff,  they  dunna  make  nuthin'  as  good  as  it  used 
to  be.'    Of.  81ajB7  (1). 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   363 
SCALDED-APPLE,  sh.  Lychnis  diuvTia,  Bed  Gampiou. — Pulver- 

BATCH. 

8CALLI0H,  sb.  Allium  Ascalonieum,  a  kind  of  small  onion, — ^the 
Ascalonian  garlic. — ^Ludlow. 

*  ffec  hinnula,  a  scalyone/  occurs  in  a  Nominale,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr. 
Yocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  225. 

*  HinntUa,  cepula  [a  small  onion].' — ^DuGA^QE.    CI  Sheelot. 

SCABrCEOW  [skaaV  kr'oa],  sb.  a  figure  made  of  straw  and  dressed 
in  man's  clothes,  set  up  in  fields  and  gardens  to  affright  birds.  Com. 
'  It  wuz  rar*  raps  to  'ear  the  'unters  shoutin'  to  the  scar-crow  to  know 
which  way  the  fox  went.'  This  form  of  the  common  word  acare-crow 
is  an  old  one  apparently : — 

'  Lik'st  a  strawne  scar-crow  in  the  new  sowne  field. 
Bear'd  on  some  sticke,  the  tender  come  to  shield. 

Hall's  Satires^  iiL  7,  in  Nares. 

Minshew — ed.  1617 — has,  '  a  Scar-crow ^  any  deyice  to  Mght  birds, 
compositum  S  Scar,  i.  terrere  &  Crow  i.  Comix  .  .  .' 

Su*.  Nares  says  that  *  other  old  dictionary- writers  have  it  in  this 
form.'    See  Malkin  (2). 

SCATTEBrCOENEE,  adv.  diagonally.  — Corvb  Dale.  Some  mem- 
bers of  '  The  Seyem  Valley  Field-Club '  were  directed  by  an  old  man 
at  WiLderhope  to  go  *  scaUer-comer'  through  a  field.  Cf.  Gater- 
oomered. 

SCATJD  [skau'd],  v,  a.  and  v,  n,  to  scald.  Com.  ^  The  poor  child 
wuz  acauded  dreadful — the  skin  wuz  all  riyelled  up.' 

'  I'm  sure  sma'  pleasure  it  can  gie, 

EVn  to  a  deil, 
To  skelp  an*  scaud  poor  dogs  like  me. 

An  hear  us  squeel  I ' 

BoBEBT  BuBirs,  Poems,  p.  31,  L  11. 

'O.Du.  schauden,  to  scald.' — Strat. 

8CH0LAED  [skol-ui'd],  «&.,  var,  pr,  a  scholar.  Com.  '  'As  Jack 
lef  school  yet  ? '  '  No,  I  want  'im  to  g66  another  quarter,  'e's  but  a 
poor  seholard.* 

'  Kite,  0 !  Oarolus !  Why  Carolus  is  Latin  for  Queen  Ann ;  that's  all. 

'  2d.  Moh.  Tib  a  fine  thing  to  be  a  scoUard — Sergeant,  will  you  part 
with  this  P '— Farquhar'b  Recruiting  Officer ,  Act  11.  Scene  — The 
Street  [Shrewsbury]. 

BCLbHOH  [sklen'sh],  v.  a.  to  check  water  at  boiling  point,  by  dash- 
ing cold  water  into  it. — Pxjlyerbatoh.  *  Yo'd'n  better  sdench  that 
waiter  afore  it  all  bwiles  away.' 

SCONCE  [skon's],  (1)  $b.  a  tin  candlestick  with  a  reflector  at  the 
back,  made  to  hang  flat  against  a  wall.    Qy.  com. 

'  Hie  absconsus.  A'  sconse  ' — ^under  the  head  of  Nomina  Pertinencia 
Ecdeeie — occurs  in  an  English  VocabiUary,  xv.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs., 
Tol.  i  p.  193.  Mr.  Wright  has  the  following  note  upon  it : — *  A  sort 
of  candlestick  made  to  be  attached  to  the  wall.  The  word  is  still  in 
use  for  such  candleeticks  in  the  North  of  England.'  See  Sconce  (2), 
in  Wbdo. 


364  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

(2)  ab.j  0^?  a  contexnptuouB  term  for  a  person's  head.— Ludlow. 
Qy.  com.     '  That  fellow's  sconce  inna  wuth  the  carryin'.* 

J3.nt,  o.  •         •••••• 

If  you  will  jest  with  me,  know  my  aspect. 
And  fashion  your  demeanour  to  my  looks, 
Or  I  will  beat  this  method  in  your  sconce. 

*  Dro.  8,  Sconccy  call  you  it  r  so  you  would  leave  battering,  I  had 
rather  have  it  a  head :  an  you  use  these  blows  long,  I  must  get  a 
sconce  for  my  head,  and  insconce  it  too;  or  else  I  shall  seek  my  wit  in 
my  shoulders.' — Comedy  of  Errors,  II.  iL  32—38. 

See  Sconce  (1),  in  Wedo. 

SCOOT  fskoo't],  sb,  a  smaU  irregular  plot  of  ground ;  an  odd  piece, 
as  of  cloth,  &c.  Com.  (1)  <I*11  put  a  fyeow  cabbitch  o'  that  scoot 
down  by  the  bruck.*  (2)  '  The  Missis  gia  me  a  good  scoot  o'  linsey 
as'll  mak'  Joe  a  good  wascut.' 

*AS.sceat;  0,¥nB,skcU;  CDn,  schot ;  O.lceL  skaut;  GoiQLskauts; 
O.H.Germ.  scoz,  a  comer.  .  .  .' — St&at. 

BCOBCH  [8kaur''ch],  v,  a.  to  rub  with  stones,  as  a  hearth  or  doo^ 
step.— Shrewsbury;  Worthen;  Wem.  *Whad*s  the  good  o'  me 
scorchin'  the  'earth  if  yo'  keep'n  prokin*  the  ess  o'er  it  aU  the  wilde  ? ' 

8C0ECHIVO-ST0VE8  [stwuoz],  eh,  pi.  rabbing^tones.— /6/c;. 

SCOSE  [skoa'ur'J,  (1)  v.  a.  to  make  circles,  zigzags,  or  other  devices, 
with  the  rubbing-stones  on  doorsteps,  &c.     Gk>m. 

*  N.  tikwra ;  to  rub,  scrape,  scour.' — Wedo. 

(2)  v.  a.  to  scratch;  to  cut  auperficially.  Com.  (1)  'The  spSons 
bin  scored  all  o*er.'  (2J  *  Yo'n  gwun  too  cup  i'  scorin*  this  leg  o'  pork, 
yo'n  cut  i'  the  flesh— tne  Maister  '11  say  swar  w'en  if  s  saryed.'  A.S. 
scyrian ;  O.N.  skera,  to  cut. 

(3)  sh.  20  lbs.  in  weight :  used  generally  in  the  singular  form,— 
'  the  pig  '11  mak'  30  score  by  Chris'mas.'  Com.  See  weights  and 
Measures,  p.  Ixxxiy. 

SCOEING-STOHES,  same  as  Scorohing-stones,  above.  Com.  See 
Score  (1),  above. 

SCOEK  [skau'r'k],  sh.  the  core  of  an  apple, — 'the  scork  stuck  in 
Adam's  throat.'  Com.  In  the  Treatise  of  WctUer  de  BiUesworih, 
xiii.  cent.,  amongst  the  parts  of  an  apple  and  what  to  do  with  them, 
the  following  occurs : — 

'  La  pipinette  engettez, 
Les  pepynes  dehors  plauntez.' 

La  pipinette  is  glossed  *  the  scarce  J — ^Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  150. 
The  core  of  an  apple  is  called  the  score  in  Gloucesteishire.    See 
Eve's-scork. 

SCOT,  ab,  an  ale-house  reckoning. — Corvs  Dale.     Qy.  com. 

*  O.Fr.  escot  .  .  .  de  I'allemand :  ancien  frison  skot,  su6dois  skott, 
anglais  scot,  alL  mod.  schoss,  imp6t.' — Bur. 

Cf.  Shot. 

SCOTCH,  (1)  V.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  stop,  or  retard,  a  wheel,  as  of  a 
waggon,  &o.,— in  going  up-hill  this  is  done  by  placing  a  stone  on  the 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   365 

road,  and  backing  the  '  shafter '  till  the  wheel  rests  upon  it,  by  which 
means  it  is  kept  from  going  back,  and  the  horses  are  relieyed  from 
the  strain  of  the  load  while  they  are  breathed ;  in  going  down -hill  a 
drag  is  put  on  the  wheeL  Com.  *  Yo'  mind  to  scotch  gwem  down 
the  Baich  bonk,  else  itil  tak'  the  shafter  o£E  'is  fit.' 

*  Scotch  a  wheel f  to  stop  it  from  going  backward.    Lane' — Pegoe. 

^2)  V,  a.  to  make  a  barrel  steady  by  placing  a  wedge  on  each  side 
of  it. — ^PuLVERBATOH.  Qy.  com.  *  Dunna  yo'  ptit  them  wedges  out 
o'  the  way,  I  shall  want  'em  w'en  I  tun  the  drink  to  scotch  the  barrels 
ooth.' 

'Fr.  accoter;  to  underprop,  shore,  bear  up,  stay  from  shaking  or 
slipping.    Cotgr.,'  in  Wedo. 

SCOTCH- OOTHERTTM  [godh'ur'um],  sb,  a  term  applied  to  any 
material  of  coarse,  loose  texture. — PuiiVERBATCH ;  Worthen.  *  Wy 
didna  yo'  get  summat  as  55d  war,  an'  nod  sich  scotch-gotherum  as 
this?' 

Compare  '  catcWrTiauri '—explained  as  the  name  of  some  coarse, 
rough  material — in  Fiers  PL,  Text  A.,  pasa  t.  1.  62. 

SCOTJT,  V,  a.,  pec.  to  chase ;  to  drive  away, — same  as  Keouse,  q.  v. 
— ^Wem.    A.S.  scedtan,  to  send  forth.    See  sub  voce  Keout. 

SCOWTHEB  [skou-dhur*],  same  as  above. — Pulverbatch.  'Well 
done,  little  Spot ! — ^it's  a  famous  dog  to  scowther  the  'ens  out  o'  the 
garden.'    CI  Gowther. 

8CBAMMEL,  8TSAHMEL  [skr'am-el],  Wem.  [str'am-il],  Pulver- 
batch, sb,  a  lean,  gaunt,  ill-favoured  person  or  animal.  (1)  *That 
theer  piece  as  Jones  'as  married,  'er's  a  reg'lar  poor  scrammd  to  look 
at.'  (2)  *  Whad  a  great  strammd  of  a  pig  that  is  as  John  bought  at 
the  far.'    Cf.  Gsngrel. 

SCSAT,  (1)  V.  a,  and  v.  n,  to  scratch ;  scratched, — '  donna  scrat 
athatn,' — '  the  cat  serai  the  child.'    Com. 

'  On  the  sege  then  sate  y, 
And  he  scrattud  me  folle  yylensly.' 

M8.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  162,  in  Hal. 

*  And  ylkane  skraMe  othyr  in  the  face. 
And  thaire  awen  flesche  of  ry  ve  and  race.' 

ffampoht  MS.  Bowes,  p.  215,  in  Hal. 

Mr.  Oliphant  says  that  the  word  '  scraich  arose  in  Salop.'  See 
Sources  of  Standard  English,  p.  124. 

(2)  sb.  the  itch.    Com. 

(3)  V.  n.  to  work  hard  for  a  poor  living.  Com.  *  Aye,  poor  o5man, 
'er  knows  whad  it  is  to  serai  afore  'er  pecks.' 

(4)  V.  n.  to  hurry ;  to  make  haste.  Com,  *  I  mun  scrat  alung  66th 
my  work,  else  I  shanna  get  to  the  raps  afore  dark.' 

(5)  sb.  an  avaricious  person.  Com.  'Jest  yo*  look  at  Molly 
Andras — an  owd  scrat  'er  is — 'er  wants  the  laisin'  all  to  'erself' 

(6)  See  9ub  voce  Owd  Lad. 

SCSATCHnr,  sb.  a  term  applied  to  meat  that  is  dried  up  and 
shrivelled  from  being  over-roasted, — '  done  to  a  scratchin\*  Qy.  com. 


366  SHROPSHIRB  WORD-BOOK« 

SCRATCHIN'-CAKE,  sh,  a  cake  made  with  the  seratehin's  of  lard 
^see  helow)  mixed  with  flour,  rolled  ont  ahout  an  inch  thick,  and 
Daked.     Qy.  com. 

SCBATCHIH'S,  sk  pi.  the  small  crisp  bits  left  from  the  'leaf*  after 
the  lard  has  been  all  melted  out  Com.  Scratchin*$  are  considered 
a  honfie-hiniche^  either  made  into  cakes  (as  above)  or  simply  eaten  witii 
bread.  The  refuse  of  them  pressed  down  and  caked  together  is  used 
for  dog-meat. 

SCBAUP  [skr*au'p],  (1)  v.  a.,  var,  pr.  to  scrape ;  to  make  a  scraping 
noise.  Com.  *  JTack,  yo*  should*n  mak*  better  'aste  o*er  yore  dumer, 
an'  nod  be  ecraupin*  yore  plate  for  more  Ven  IVe  shut  mv  knife.' 
In  farm-houses  where  the  old  customs  are  still  obserYod,  the  men, 
employed  on  the  farm,  dine  at  a  long  table  set  apart  for  them,  while 
the  master  and  his  family  take  their  dinner  at  tne  same  time  from  a 
square  table  in  the  middle  of  the  kitchen.  The  master  carves  for  alL 
At  '  the  men's  table '  neither  knives  nor  forks  are  provided,  but  each 
man  uses  his  own  clasp-knife,  which  serves  the  twofold  purpoee  of 
cutting  his  food  and  conve^in^  it  to  his  mouth.  If  he  wants  a  second 
helping,  he  scrapes  his  plate  with  his  knife  to  call  the  master's  attention 
to  tne  fact.  The  head  waggoner  is  *  master  of  the  ceremonies '  at  *  the 
men's  table,'  and  when  he  has  finished  his  dinner,  he  clooes  his  knifs 
with  a  snap,  as  a  signal  for  all  to  rise  and  leave  the  table.  This 
custom  has  given  rise  to  a  saying  current  among  farm-servants—*  It's 
time  for  me  to  a  $hiU  my  Amt/e,'  that  is,  to  have  finished  any  matter 
in  hand. 

*  O.Du.  ackrapen,  to  scrape.' — Strat. 

(2)  $h,  a  greedy,  avaridous  person.  Com.  '  Poor  ovrd  fiellow  !— 
'e's  bin  a  reg'lar  9craup  aU  'is  life,  an'  now  'e's  gwnn  an'  left  alL'  CI 
Scrat  (5). 

SCRAWL  [skr'au'l],  (1)  t\  n.  to  crawl;  to  creep,  as  a  child  does 
about  a  floor.  Com.  *  I  shouldna  lay  'im  down  so  much  now,  'e 
ought  to  be  takin'  'is  fit,  fur  if  'e  b^pma  to  msrawl  'e'U  mak'  some 
work.' 

(2^  V,  n.  to  move  slowly  and  laboriously  about,  as  a  very  weak  or 
tirea  person  does.  Cona.  '  I  got  out  i'  the  sun  a  bit  isterdy,  bat  fel' 
so  WOK  I  could  'ardly  scrawV 

*  To  acrall,  stir ;  motitoj' — CotEs'  Lai,  Diet, 

(3)  ah,  a  tangle,  as  of  thread,  &c.  Com.  'Wen  yo'  turn  them 
slippin's  [skeins]  o'  the  'edge,  see  as  vo'  dunna  get  'em  in  a  acrawl— 
it  mak's  'em  so  taidious  to  wind.'     Cf.  Scrawly,  below. 

(4)  ab,  a  hobble ;  a  difficulty.  Com.  '  I  never  sid  sich  a  6oman  as 
that  Betsy  Davies — 'er*s  al'ays  gettin*  i'  some  acrawV  *Well,  an' 
sarve  'er  right,  'er's  al'ays  prokin'  *er  nose  w'eer  'er  inna  wanted.' 

(6)  V,  n.  to  wrangle ;  to  ouarrel. — Wesc  Qy.  com.  *  Them  folks 
bin  al'ays  acrawlirC  among  theirselves.* 

SCAAWLIHO,  adj.  mean ;  worthless,—'  a  scrawlin*  fellow.'    Com. 

8CAAWLY,  adj.  twisted ;  entangled :  said  of  growing  com,  of 
which  the  ears  have  been  turned  in  different  directions  by  the  wind. 
— Clee  Hills.    CI  Tather  (2). 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   367 

SCSIKE,  V,  n.  and  sb.  to  shriek ;  a  shriek, — *  seriked  till  yo'  met'n 
a  'eard  'er  a  mile  off,' — * gid  sich  a  acrike*    Com. 

'  The  little  babe  did  loudl^r  Bcrike  and  squall, 
And  all  the  woods  with  piteous  plaints  did  fill.' 

Spbnseb,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  VI.  c.  v.  st.  xviii. 

'  with  that  a  greiuous  acrike 

among  them  there  was  made, 
&  euery  one  did  seeke 
on  something  to  be  stayd.' 

The  Drowning  of  Henery  the  I.  HU  children, 
1.  81.     Perq/  Folio  MS.,  toL  iii.  p.  169, 
ed.  Hales  and  Fumiyall. 
N.  shrika,  to  shriek,  scream. 

SCBIMKEB,  sb,  a  niggardly  person. — Pulverbatch.  'It's  little 
use  axin'  'er  fur  anythm* — ^the  poor  scrimmer,  'er  grudges  'er  own 
needs,  let  alone  anyllody  else's.' 

SCEIMHITYy  adj,  mean ;  stingy. — ^Pulverbatoh.  '  '£r's  as  jubous 
as  *er's  acrimmity — ^wei^hs  the  flour  out,  an'  then  the  bread  after  ifs 
baked ;  be'appen  'er  thmks  as  I  should  ate  the  duff.' 

SCBIVCH  [skr'in'sh],  sb.  a  morsel ;  a  '  wee  bittie/ — '  gie  me  jest  a 
acrinch.*    Com. 

SCBIP,  27.  a.  and  t;.  n.  to  snatch ;  to  snatch  at — ^hastily  or  greedily. 
Com. 

SCSOBBLE  [scr'ob-a  (1)  sb.  a  state  of  difficulty  or  trouble- 
generally  brought  about  by  folly  or  ill  conduct ;  a  scrape. — Pulveb- 
BATOH.  'E's  got  'isself  into  a  pretty  acrobhle  ooth  *is  gammocks.' 
See  Bobble.    Cf .  Scrawl  (4). 

(2)  ab.  a  tangle,—*  a  acrobhle  o'  thrid.'— iW(i.    Cf.  Scrawl  (3). 

f  3)  V.  a.  to  entangle ;  to  ravel. — Ibid.  *  Yo'n  acrobhle  that  yom  if 
yo  binna  more  earful  o'er  windin'  it.' 

(4)  V,  n,  to  scramble. — ^Shbbwsbxtby  ;  Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com. 
'I  remember  the  poor  owd  firee-owder  Jondrell,  'e  use't  to  chuck 
apples  o'er  the  'edge  fur  us  childem  to  acrobble  for  [1817].' 

8CB00BOE,  SCBUSOE  [skr*oo*j,  skr'uj-],  v.  n.  to  squeeze;  to  press 
or  thrust  in,  as  between  two  persons.  Com.  '  Plaze,  Sir,  Turn  Jones 
is  acrudgin*  on  to  our  form.'    Compare  Spenser's  *  acruze '  =  squeeze : — 

*  Tho  up  he  caught  him  twixt  his  puissant  hands, 
And  having  acruzd  out  of  his  camon  corse 

The  lothfufi  life ' 

F.  Q.,  Bk.  n.  c.  xi.  St.  xlvi. 

BCBOUT  [skr'out],  v.  n.  to  scratch  vigorously, — *scroutin'  at  the 
flen  all  mght.'— C£jee  Hills. 

SCBUF  [skr'af  •],  sb,  scurf.  Qy.  com.  *  That  pig  dunna  grow  a  bit, 
'e's  regular  'ide-bond,  an'  a  acruf  on  'is  back  as  thick  as  a  twopenny 
piece.*    See  B  (3)  in  Orammar  Outlines  {conaonanta,  Ac). 

SCBVF-O'-THE-HECK,  sb.  the  nape  of  the  neck.— Newport. 


368  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

SCUFF,  SCTTFT,  &o.,  same  as  above.     Com.     See  Scufi^  in  Wedq. 

SCUFFLE  [skuf'l],  (I)  sb,  a  garden  implement  used  for  cutting  off 
weeds  at  tlie  roots, — generally  known  as  a  Dutch  hoe.  Com.  Dtl 
9choffel : —  idem, 

(2)  V,  a,  to  cut  up  weeds  with  the  scuffle.    Com.    Du.  iehoffden  :— 
idem.     See  Wedo. 

SCUPPE&ED  [skupnT^d],  part,  adj.^  ohsols,  crumpled;  turned 
black,  as  by  blight  or  frost :  said  of  leayes. — ^Pultebbatch.  *  Theer 
must  a  bin  a  ketch  o'  fros'  las'  night,  see  'ow  the  tatoe-tops  bin 
icuppered* 

iir,  Halliwell    says  that    scuppered   is   'A  Herefordshire  word, 
according  to  Urry's  MS.  additions  to  Bay. ' 

SCUT  [skut*],  8b.  the  tail  of  a  hare  or  a  rabbit. — ^Pulyerbatch  ; 
Clee  Hills. 

Bandle  Holme  gives  amongst  *  Terms  for  the  Tails  of  several  sorts 
of  Beast,' — *  An  Hare  &  Cony,  the  SkuU,  or  Scutte,' — Academy  of 
Armory,  Bk.  II.  ch.  vii.  p.  133. 
The  Prompt.  Parv.  gives  *  8cut^  hare.' 

SCUTCH  [skuch'],  sb.  TrCtieum  repens,  Couch-grass.  Com.  Cf. 
Bquitoh  (1). 

SCUTCH-TUP,  sb,  a  heap  of  scutch  ;  a  rubbish  heap. — ^Ludlow, 
Burford,    See  Heap. 

8SABCH.    See  SarcL 

SEAT  [see*t],  ab,  a  *  quick '  thorn,  or  other  growing  hedgerow  shrub,— 
*  a  thorn  «ea^,' — <  a  crab  Ma<.'— Wsac.    Of.  Sate  (1).     See  Quick. 

SEEDHESS,  ab,  seed-time.— Wem.     Qy.  com.  in  N,  Skr, 

* as  blossoming  time 

That  from  the  seedness  the  bare  fallow  brings 

To  teeming  foison ' 

Measure  for  Measure,  I.  iv.  42. 

kJI,  aaOJlBUB, 

SEEK,  (1)  V,  n,  to  percolate :  said  of  water  finding  its  way^  it  seeh 
out  of  a  hill,  seeks  into  a  pit. — ^Newport. 

(2)  sh,  a  place  which  water  se^  into,  or  out  of.  A  pit  that  is  sap- 
plied  by  sYmaoe-drainage— that  has  no  spring — and  becomes  dry  in 
dry  weather,  is  a  seek : — ^there  is  a  seek  in  the  draining-pipe  if  ih» 
drain  lets  out  the  water. — Ibid,    Cf.  Sake. 

SEOy  sb.  a  term  applied  generically  to  all  Irises,  whether  wild  or 
cultivated,  and  to  other  plants  also  having  'flag '-like  leaves,— the 
large  aquatic  species  of  Carex,  &c.  Com.  About  Wem  it  is  pro- 
verbially said  of  a  person  giving  way  to  noisy  expressions  of  impotent 
rage,  that  '  he  roars  like  a  bittern  at  a  «^-root.'  The  bittern  has 
long  been  an  extinct  bird  in  that  neighbourhood,  but  years  ago  his 
cry — the  'hollow,  booming  noise,'  as  Bewick  designates  it—may 
have  been  heard  across  the  swampy  flats  of  the  district. 

'  Imeind  mid  spire  and  grene  segge.^ 

Owl  and  Nightingale,  L  18. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC  369 

'  Carex,  segg.'  '  Gladidum^  secgg,'  occur  in  Anglo-Saxon  Vocahu' 
larff,  xi  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  L  p.  67. 

'  Segge^  of  fenne,  or  wyld  gladon.  AcconuJ  *  Segge^  star  of  the 
fenne,  Carix.* — Prompt,  Farv, 

A.S.  tecg,  a  sedge. 

8EO-B0TT0M,  sb,  a  rush-bottom  for  a  chair. — Shrewsbury  ;  Fulyer- 
BATCH.  Qtj,  com.  '  Fur  my  own  part  I  like  6dden  cheers  best  fur 
the  kitchen — the  seg-hottovM  las'  none.' 

SEO-BOTTOMED,  adj,  rush-bottomed, — <a  seg-bottomed  cheer.'— 
Ibid. 

8E0OEB.    See  Sogger  (1). 

8EV,  V,  a. J  pr.  t^pL  a  contracted  form  of  sayeuy — 'folks  sen  so.' 
Com. 

'  Sum  men  sayn  these  seI6  frerys  thai  han  no  consyans.* 

John  Axtdelat's  Poems,  p.  29. 

* «    •    l^is  matter  is  asked, 

Bojye  to  lered  and  to  lowed  *  |^t  $eyn  >at  >ey  leueden 
Hollich  on  |>e  grete  god.'— P,  Fl.  Or.,  1.  25. 

SEVCE  [sen's],  adv,  and  prep,  a  contracted  form  of  O.E.  sithens^ — 
^  it*8  a  lungful  wilde  »ence  'er  wuz  'ere.'    Ck)m. 

'  I  hearde  once  a  tale  of  a  thinge  yat  was  done  at,Oxforde  xz  yeres 
a  go,  and  the  lyke  hath  bene  aenee  in  thys  realme  as  I  was  enformed 
of  credible  persons.' — Latdcbr,  Sermon  iy.  p.  119. 

SEHS,  V.  a,ypec.  to  accompany  on  the  road.  Com.  'Yo'  nee'na 
g66  yet — stop  an'  'ive  a  bit  o'  supj)er,  an'  we'n  eend  yo'  [go  with  you] 
a  tidy  bit  o'  the  way  at-after.' 

SEHlfOW  [sen'oe],  sb.  a  sinew. — Fulverbatch. 

*  Yf  his  clothe  be  xviii.  yerdes  longe,  he  wyl  set  hym  on  a  racke, 
and  streach  hym  out  wytn  ropes,  and  racke  hym  tyll^  the  9enewe$ 
shrinke  a  gayne,  whyles  he  hath  brought  hym  to  xxyii  yardes.* — 
Latimer,  Sermon  iii  p.  87. 

Dr.  Stratmann  gives  * senuwen*  as  occurring  in  Layamon's  Brut, 
and  also  seyeral  other  early  examples  of  the  form.    Bee  Sinnow. 

SEHHOW-OEOWED,  part,  adj.  contracted :  said  of  the  ligaments 
of  a  joint. — Ibid.  <  I  think  it's  a  bad  thing  fur  Dick  to  carry  'is  arm 
in  a  sling  so  lung ;  if  11  be  gettin*  Hnnow-growed,  an'  'e'U  '&Te  a  stifF 
jint  as  lung  as  *e  lives.' 

SEEOP  fsaer'-up],  sb.  syrup. — Shrewsbury  ;  Fulvbrbatgh.  Qy. 
com.  'We  mun  a  some  Elder  strop  made,  ifs  sioh  a  usef^  thing  i' 
the  'ouse  fur  cowds  an'  that,  but  I  doubt  the  berries  55nna  ild  well 
this  'ear.' 

'  TryakiU,  droggis,  or  electuary, 
Seroppys,  sewane,  sugur,  &  Synnamome.' 

Qawin  Douglas  (a.d.  1613),  Prol.  ofiht  XIT.  Buk  of 
Eneados.    Specim,  Eng.  Lit,  xiii.  L  145. 

*Ital.  siroppo;  Sp.  xarope,  xarabe,  axarabe,  from  Arab,  chardb,  a 
frequent  word  among  the  Arab  doctors.' — Wedg. 

BB 


0  - 

0 

.8J 

0  - 

3 

-  0 

0  - 

1 

-6 

2  - 

11 

.  4 

0  - 

10 

-a' 

870  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

8ERP0L0TH,  SIBPCLOTH,  «&.,  oha.    This  word  occuis  in  the 
Churchwarden^^  Aceounti,  Hopton  Castle  (Salop),  as  follows  :— 
*  1753.  For  a  quarter  of  Cloth  for  y*  Seiydoth 
For  washing  the  8erp  Cloth  t[w]^e8 
For  washing  the  Set^oih 

'  1766.  for  a  8irp  Cloth  14  yards 
for  making  the  Sirpdoth 
<  Surplioe — airpdoth  in  the  North  of  England,  xrii  cent,'  oocora  in 
Mr.  Mackenzie  Walcotf  s  Popular  Diet,  of  Sacred  Archasdogy,  p.  567, 
ed.  1868.    See  Oloth. 

SERVE,  same  as  Sarre  (2),  q.  t. 

SE&YE,  SERVER,  sb.  a  sieve  like  a  Blind-riere,  q.  v.,  used  for  a 
horse's  feed. — Bbidoko&th.    See  Sarrer. 

SERVnrO,  same  as  Sarving,  q.  y. 

SET,  V.  a.,  pec.  to  let.  Cohl  '  I  'ear  they'n  set  the  'ill  Farm  at 
last.*  '  Aye,  but  they'n  tolled  it  o'  tuihree  filds  o'  land  for  the  nex' 
neighbour.' 

' .  .  .  therefore,  when  my  father  and  Richard  Jukes  had  lost  one 
halfe  yeare's  rent,  they  seU  it  [Haremeare  Warren]  at  six  pounds 
per  ann.  to  Mr.  Hall  of  Balderton.* — GK)T7QH'8  HiUory  of  MyddUj 
p.  32. 

SETLESS,  (1)  sb.  a  bench  built  into  a  recess  by  the  fireplace,  fonn- 
ing  a  permanent  seat  in  the  '  ingle-neuk.' — ^Pui«ybrbatgh.  ''Hm 
owd  55man  wuz  sittin'  o*  the  aetleas  anunst  the  chimley-jawm  the  Itf* 
time  I  sid  'er,  an'  'er  toud  me  then  'er  fel'  mighty  bad/ 

*  On  )>e  9etle  of  unhele,'  t.  e.  in  the  seat  of  ill-healtii,  occurs  in  Old 
English  Homilies^  ii.  59,  ed.  Morris. 

'  Opon  the  setil  of  his  mageste,'  t.  e.  on  the  throne  of  his  nujtftj. 
— HampoIiE's  Pricke  of  Conscience^  1.  6122. 

*  A  common  settle  drew  for  either  guest' 

Dbydsn,  Baucis  and  Philemon^  L  44. 

A.S.  sell;  GK)th.  sitls;  Oerm.  sessel;  Lat.  nUa  [=:  see2-Za],  a  seat 

(2)  sb,  a  raised  platform,  or  shelf,  of  bricks  or  tiles,  built  round  & 
dairy  for  the  milk-pans  to  stand  upon. — ^Newport  ;  £^lesm£SS. 

Compare  the  eettlc  mentioned  m  Ezek.  xliii.  14,  17,  which  Mt 
Nares  conjectures  to  have  been  *  a  kind  of  ledge  or  fiat  portion  of  the 
altar/  and  of  which  he  says,  '  the  clearest  account  seems  to  he  in  the 
Assembly's  annotations '  [Assembly  of  Divines,  1643  ?] : — 

* .  .  .  .  From  thence  two  cubits  to  the  round  ledge,  or  bendi,  or 
settht  of  a  cubit  broad,  tiiat  went  round  about  it  fuie  altar].— Thi« 
ledge  or  bench  seems  to  be  for  them  that  served  at  the  altar  to 
stand  upon,  and  to  go  upon,  round  about  the  altar.'  See  further  in 
Nabes. 

SETTIlfGS,  eb.  two  props  and  a  horizontal  beam  used  to  support 
the  sides  and  roof  of  the  wag^n-road  of  a  mine.     Com. — M.  T. 

SEVEN-COLOURED-LIHNET,  ab.  the  Goldfinch.— Chtjbch  Stbet- 
ton;  Clun;  B&idonobth;  Welunqjon;  Newport,  C£PeckW- 
Diok.    See  Jack-Nicol. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   371 

SEVESH  [sivur'n  and  sivh'n].  An  idiomatic  usage  commonly 
obtains  in  speaking  of  the  Severn ;  it  is  simply  designated  Severn, 
without  a  preceding  the  as  is  usual  for  river-names.  '  Theer  must  a 
bin  *eavy  rain  upperts— 5iwm  wuz  risin'  fast,  it  ruz  above  two  fttt 
awilde  I  wuz  in  town.' 

<  1583-4.  This  yeare  and  the  xxjf^  day  of  Septembe*  being  S' 
Mathews  daye  and  also  the  fayre  daye  m  Shreusberie  the  horsse 
fkyre  was  kept  in  the  backesyde  of  Edward  Myntoons  in  Franokvill 
in  a  teynter  crofte  there  becawse  Syvem  wat'  ooverid  over  all  the 
usuaU  place  of  the  horsefayre  there  at  that  tyme.' — Early  Chronicles 
of  Shrewsbury  (Taylor  MS.),  in  Transactions  of  tfte  Shropshire 
Archceological  ana  Natural  History  Society, 

William  Langland  speaks  of  the  Thames  in  the  same  way : — 

*  Take  two  stronge  men  *  and  in  themese  cast  hem.* 

Piers  P/.,  Text  B.,  pass.  xiL  L  161. 

Beferring  to  this,  Mr.  Skeat  remarks  that  *  this  use  of  the  name 
of  a  river  (without  the  definite  article  preceding  it)  is  still  common 
in  many  parts  of  England,  and  sounds  well ;  it  seems  to  add  to  the 
dignity  of  the  river.  I  take  the  opportunity  of  recording  here  that  I 
heard  a  good  instance  of  it  at  Cleooury  Mortimer.  One  bov  said  to 
.another — "If  yo'  dunna  take  care,  yoll  fall  into  Severn,"  I  did  not 
overhear  the  rest  of  the  conversation,  which  must  have  referred  to 
some  adventure  at*a  distance,  since  the  Severn  does  not  come  at  all 
near  to  Oleobury.*  The  interesting  point  was  the  use  of  William's 
idiom  at  the  supposed  place  of  his  birth.' — Notes,  p.  290. 

See  example  sub  voce  Mighty. 

SEYHY-TSEE  [sain-i'],  sb,  the  Laburnum,— the  leaves  are  thought 
to  resemble  «en?ia-leaves,  whence  the  name,  seyny-lree, — ^Wem  ;  Elles- 
MERE.    See  French  Broom. 

SHAB-KAO,  ab.  a  term  of  contempt  applied  to  persons  of  dirty, 
depraved  appearance. — Ludlow.  *  To'  great  idle  shdb-rag,  get  out 
o*  my  sight,  or  111  shift  yo'.' 

SH&CKET  [shak'it],  sb.  a  chUd's  nightgown. — Wem  ;  Ellesmerb. 
*  See  as  yo'  ar'n  the  child's  shacket,  fur  if  'e  gets  a  cooth  it'll  be  the 
djeth  on  'im.' 

8HACKLB-B0HE  [shakl  bwun],  sb.  the  hind  leg  of  a  pig's  carcase, 
between  the  foot  and  the  joint  at  which  the  ham  is  cut  off.— Pxtlver- 
BATCH.    G£  Pestle. 

SHACKLIHO,  (1)  adj,  unstable, — not  to  be  relied  upon. — Pulvbr- 
BATCH.  Qy.  com.  *  I  can  never  bargain  ddth  'im,  'e's  sich  a  shacklin* 
feUow.' 

(2)  cuij,  idling ;  dawdling ;  shiftless :  chiefly  applied  to  men, — '  a 
shacklin*  fellow.' — ^Newport;  Wem;  Whitohxtrch.    Qy.  com. 

SHAD  [shad*],  sb.,  var.  pr.  a  shed, — *  piit  them  turmits  i*  the  shad.* 

— ^PULVERBATCH  ;   GlEE  HiLLS. 

*  the  other  Lyes  att  home  like  summers  cattle  shadding.^  * 

Hollowe  me  Fancye,  1.  39.     Percy  Folio  MS.,  vol.  ii.  p.  31, 
ed.  Hales  and  Fumivall. 
*  •  Getting  into  a  shed  or  the  shade,'    Note  by  Mr.  Furnivall. 

Bfi  2 


37'2  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

8HAD-BIBJ),  ah.^  ohsolsA  Tringd'ides  hypoleuca^  the  Common  Sand- 
piper.— Shrewsbury.  Before  the  erection  of  weirs  at  Worcester  and 
other  places  on  the  Seyem,  shad  used  to  ascend  the  river ;  they  came 
up  about  the  middle  of  April,  the  time  of  the  arriTal  of  the  Common 
Sandpiper,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  Seyem  fishermen,  connecting 
the  appearance  of  the  bird  with  the  advent  of  the  shad-fishing  season, 
gave  to  it  the  local  appellation  of  Shad-hird, 

SHAS-SALKOH,  sh.^  obs.  small  salmon  of  from  five  pounds' to  eight 
pounds'  weight— so  called  by  the  old  Severn  fishermen  because  they 
arrived  with  the  Shad,— Ibid, 

SHAKE  [shai'k  and  shae'k],  v.  n.,  pec.  to  be  about — a  term  of  con- 
jecture,— *  shekin  a  mile  *  =«  about  a  mile : — *  the  pig  11  shake  twenty 
score.'  —  Clun  ;  Ludlow.  Shake  is  a  metapnorical  expression, 
evidently  borrowed  from  the  act  of  wei^hin^  in  scales  or  on  a 
balance,  in  which  movement  is  necessarily  impbed, 

SHAKED  [shak't],  part,  adj,  split  or  cleft,  as  by  sun  or  wind :  said 
of  green  wood.— Clun.    Cf.  Spauled. 

SHALLIOOHAEZD  [shal-i'goonaikit],  sb,  and  adj.  a  term  applied  to 
a  jacket,  or  such  like,  for  out-door  wear ;  made  of  light,  thin,  flimsy 
material. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch  ;  Bishop's  Castle.  *  Whad 
good  661  that  fine  $halligonak%t  thing  be  ? — it'll  cut  a  poor  figger  on  a 
wet  day.* 

SHANK  [shang'k],  sb,^  obsoh.  a  rope  by  which  a  horse  is  tied  up  in 
the  stall.— Ellesmere.    See  Head-ooUar. 

SHAmr A.    See  Oranunar  Outlines,  verb  ShalL 

'  Go  on,  my  lord !  I  lang  to  meet  you, 
An'  in  my  house  ak  hame  to  greet  vou ; 
Wi'  common  lords  ye  shanna  mingle, 
The  benmost  neuk  beside  the  ingle 
At  my  right  han'  assi^ed  your  seat.' 

BoBBRT  Burns,  Poem$,  p.  151,  L  20,  c.  2, 

SHAB-CLOTH,  same  as  Sar-doth,  q.  v. — Shrewsbury  ;  Oswestrt. 

SHABE7IL  [shaar'-u'vl],  sb.  a  garden-fork. — Shrewsbury  ;  Atchah; 
Pulverbatch;  Ellesmere;  Oswestry.  Qy.  com.  'Tak'  the 
sharevil  an'  the  kipe,  an'  g6o  an'  get  up  some  o'  them  fmm  tatoes  ont 
o'  the  slang.'    See  Sharevil,  also  Evil.    C^.  Dungevil* 

BHABN.    See  Cow-aharn. 

SHABP  [shaaT'p],  (1)  adj\  quick;  active.  Com.  *Now  then,  he 
sharp  o'er  that  job--theer's  a  power  to  do  afore  milkin'  time.' 

'  Hast  thow  be  scharpe  and  bysy 
To  serve  thv  mayster  trewely  P ' 

MS,  CoU.  Claud.,  A.  ii.  f.  141. 

'  ScharpTiesH,  or  swyftenesse.     VelociUu,* — Prompt.  Parv, 

(2)  adj.  well ;  in  health.    Com.     *  'Ow  bin  'ee  this  momin'  ? '    *  Oh, 
right  sharp;  'ow  bin  yo'  ?' 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   373 

(3)  adj,  cold;  frosty;  nipping.  Com.  'It's  a  aharp  mornin', 
Tummas.*     '  Aye,  theer's  bin  a  ketch  o'  fros'  las'  night.' 

SHARPS,  sh.  pi.  coarse  sif  tings  of  flour.  Com.  Sharps,  as  explained 
by  a  miller,  are  the  small  kernel  which  has  not  been  ground  fine 
enough  to  pass  with  the  flour  through  the  'dressing'  machinery. 
Sharps  are  of  various  degrees  of  goodness:  some  are  ground  oyer 
a^n  into  a  coarse  (quality  of  flour,  others  are  sold  off  for  purposes  of 
pig-feeding,  &c.,  without  undergoing  any  further  process.  These 
omerences  are  due  to  the  diverse  methods  of  grinding  and  '  dressing ' 
adopted  in  cLLfferent  mills.     See  Ourgeons. 

SHAVES  [shai'vz],  (1)  sb.  pi.  fragments  of  hemp-stalk  adhering  to 
the  tow. — PiTLVEEBATCii.     Called  *  Shoves '  by  Handle  Holme. 

*  Low  Du.  scheve,  the  shives  or  broken  fragments  of  stalk  that  fall 
off  in  dressing  flax  or  hemp.* — ^Wedo. 

(2)  sb,  pi,  shafts. — Pulveebatch.  *  The  'orse  run  away,  knocked 
the  gate  pwust  down,  an'  broke  the  sJiaves  o'  the  cart  right  short  off.' 

SHAVIHO-BBITSH,  (1)  Centaurea  ingra,  black  Knapweed.— Craven 
Aems,  Stokesay.    Cf.  Hard-yeds. 

SHEAB  [shee'hV],  v.  a.,  ohs,  to  reap. — Glee  Hills. 

*  Scheryn\  or  repe  come.* — Prompt.  Parv, 

A.S.  scerauy  to  shear,  shave,  cut  off.    Cf.  Swive. 

SHEABEBS,  sh,  pi.,  ohs.  reapers  who  used  a  sickle — ^called  a  '  saw- 
sickle' —  having  a  serrated  edge.  —  Ihid,  The  shearers  grasped  a 
handful  of  com  and  cut  it  off,  placing  it  on  a  band — for  the  after 
convenience  of  binding — and  so  on,  handful  by  handful,  until  the 
sheaf  was  completed.  They  left  a  high  stubble,  but  as  level  as  if  it 
had  been  shaved  off.  The  shearers  were  Irishmen  or  nailers  from  the 
*  Black  Country,'  who,  before  the  introduction  of  reaping  machines, 
presented  themselves  in  gang^  at  the  different  farm-houses  at  harvest 
time  for  the  purpose  of  cutting  the  wheat.  The  sickle  they  used  is  a 
thing  of  the  past,  the  scythe  now  taking  its  place  when  the  corn  is 
too  much  '  laid '  for  the  machines  to  cut  it. 

'  1793  August  12 — I  let  the  wheat  to  reap  to  Hogor  Furbow,  &c., 
for  six  shimngs  per  acre,  with  an  allowance  of  beer,  which  they 
accomplished  in  a  very  neat  manner,  being  done  with  sickles,  which 
does  it  much  better  than  in  the  common  way  with  hooks,' — BailiJjTs 
Diary,  Aston,  Oswestry.     Byegones,  1877,  p.  297. 

*  Hie  messor  An"  a  scherer. — Hec  feds  Jn*  a  sekylle,'  occur  in  a 
Pictorial  Vocabtdary,  xv.  cent,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i  p.  277. 

Cf.  Swivers.    See  Swiring-hook. 

SHEED,  (1)  V,  n.  to  let  fall  ;  to  scatter, — grain  when  over-ripe 
sheeds.    Com.     A.S.  sceddan,  to  separate. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  spill;  to  slop, — *see,  as  yo'  dunna  sheed  that  milk.' 
Com. 

'  /\  Molly  read  these  letters, 
\J  Which  I  have  written  here. 
And  if  jou  will  but  read  them, 
You  will  sfieed  many  a  tear. 


The  Gallant  Hero,  A  Ballad,  printed  by  J.  Waidsox, 
Doglane,  Shrewsbury,  a.d.  1812,  circa. 


374  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

<  tlie  liUe  boY  had  a  home 

of  red  golde  that  ronge ; 
he  said,  '*  there  was  noe  Cuckolde 

shall  drinke  of  my  home, 
but  he  shold  itt  aheede 
Either  behind  or  befome." ' 

Boy  and  MarMe,  L  181.    Percy  Folio  MS., 
vol.  ii.  p.  311,  ed.  Bides  and  FaniiTdL 

SHEEL  [shee'l],  v.  a,  and  t;.  n,,  var,  pr.  to  shell,  as  of  nuts,  peas,  &c 
— ^Pttlyebbatc^.  '  The  lads  bin  aUays  rongin'  after  the  nots ;  by  tiie 
time  they'n  shed,  theer'U  be  none  lefL'  Gfl  Shull,  also  Brown- 
sheelers. 

SHEELOT  [shee'lot],  sb,,  var,  pr.  the  shallot, — same  as  ScaUion,  q.  t. 
— ^Ludlow.    Fr.  iehaloUy— idem, 

SHELL-BO A£D,  sb.  the  '  breast '  of  a  plough— the  part  which  tnnu 
the  furrows.     Qy.  com. 

Shell'board  is  a  variation  of  ihieid^boardy — *  Veschuchoun^  gloflnd 
'  the  chdd^brede,*  occurs  in  the  description  of  a  plough  and  its  seTenl 
parts,  in  The  Treatiae  qf  Walter  de  BibUaworth,  xiii,  oeni,  in  Wr. 
Yocabs.,  yol.  i.  p.  169. 

Bandle  Holme  has,  the  *  BMl-Board,'  amongst  the  '  Terms  of  all 
the  parts  of  a  Plow.'    Cf.  ICould-board. 

SHEM-BIPPED,  adj,  opened  at  the  seam :  said  of  boots  or  shoes  of 
which  the  upper  leather  has  separated  from  the  sole.*  Qt.  oobl 
'  These  bought  boots  dunna  stand  war  like  wham  made  uns,  tney  Iw 
shem-ripped  afore  yo'n  wore  'em  a  month.' 

SHEPHEED'S-HEEDLE,  same  as  B6ggar'*-needle,  q.  y.-^Wbt 
ungton. 

SHEBES.    See  Shires. 

SHEBEVIL  [shae^r'a'vl],  same  as  Sharevil,  q.  v. — ^Wbllinoion. 

SHEBIFFS-HAV,  sb.  the  Goldfinck— Fulybrbatch  ;  Glun  ;  Clbe 
Kills  ;  Mitoh  Wbnlook.    Cf.  Proud-tailor.    See  Jaok-nicoL 

SHEBBT  [shacT'i'],  sb.  a  short  piece  of  wood  used  to  shore  up  » 
gate-post  when  the  lower  part  is  worn  away. — Gobve  Dale;  Lud- 
low; B&mGNOKTH. 

'  Hit  had  shoriera  to  shoue  hit  Yp  '  ^re  shides  of  o  leng}^.' 

Fieri  PL,  Text  C.  pass.  idx.l2XL 


SHET  [shaet*],  t;.  a.  to  shut, — an  old  form. — Shriswsburt  ;  PcrLViB- 
BATCH.    Qy.  com. 

*  &  lepli  2omen  f>aii  dede  *  ))e  sates  achette.^ 

WiUiam  of  Paieme,  I  3W9. 

'  He  knokked  faste,  and  ay,  the  more  he  oryed, 
The  faster  aheUe  they  the  aores  alle.' 

Chauceb,  B.  3722  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 

A.S.  acyttan,  to  lock  up ;  pt.  t.  ic  acytte.    See  Shut,  also  Onshui 


OLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC,   375 

8HETH  [shaeth*],  sb.^  var,  pr,  a  slieaUi,  as  for  Bcissors,  &c. — Wbm  ; 
Ellesmebe.    C£  Shuth. 

8HEWV  [shoa'n],  v.  a.  to  shew  [=  old  infinitive  sJiewen], — *  let  me 
shewn  you  'ow  to  do  that*     Com. 

' "  For  that  belongeth  to  thofBce 
Of  prest,  whose  ordre  that  I  here, 
So  that  I  wol  nothinff  forbore 
That  I  the  vices  one  oy  one 
Ne  shall  the  shewen  everichone.'* ' 

John  Go  web  (a.d.  1393),  Confusio  Amantis, 
vol.  i.  p.  50,  ed.  Fauli 

SHIFT^  (1)  V.  a.  to  change,  as  of  clothes.  Com.  '  I  al'ayR  shift  my 
gownd  as  soon  as  I  come  in  throm  Church, — ^it*s  best  be  earful.'  *  I 
run  off  jest  as  I  wuz, — never  stopt  to  shift  myself  nor  nuthin'/  is  a 
frequent  ^ology  for  presentine^  an  untidy  appearance. 

•  First  Lard.  Sir,  I  would  advise  you  to  shift  a  shirt ;  the  violence 
of  action  hath  made  you  reek  as  a  sacrifice.' — Cymhdine^  I.  ii.  1. 

'  Schyftynge  or  chaungynge.     Muiacio,^ — Prompt,  Parv. 
*A.S.  sciftan;  O.Du-  schiflen;  O.IceL  skipta,  to  shift;  mutareJ — 
Stbat. 

(2)  sh.  a  substitute ;  a  change.    Com.    *  Be*apj)en  yo'  could  pick  a 
throck  out  o'  this  owd  gownd,  it  5od  do  fur  a  shift  a  tune  or  two/ 

(3)  V.  a.  to  remove ;  to  move  away.  Com.  *  Now,  look  sharp,  an' 
shift  them  milk-things,  or  I'll  shift  yo'.' 

'  And  elde  hent  good  hope  *  and  hastilich  he  shifte  hym, 

And  wayued  awey  wannope ' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  xx.  1.  166. 

•  First  Serv,  Where's  Fotpan,  that  he  helps  not  to  take  away  ?  He 
shift  a  trencher  ?    He  scrape  a  trencher ! ' — Borneo  and  Juliet,  L  v.  2. 

•  Schyftynge  or  removynge.    Amocio.' — Prompt.  Parv. 

V.  n.  to  move  from  one  house  to  another.  Com.  '  Oon'ee  be  so 
to  gie  us  a  'elpin'  'ond  ? — ^we  bin  gwein  to  shift  to-morrow ;  the 
ter,  'e's  promised  to  sen'  the  chem  fur  the  tuthree  goods : — I  'ope 

yo'n  do  better,  John,  than  we  han ;  they  sen  three  shifts  bin  as  bad  as 

a  fire,  an'  I  know  a  bin.'    Cf.  Flit. 

(5)  «6.,  ohsois.  a  woman's  or  girl's  undermost  garment.  Com.  |  Our 
'Liza's  a  mighty  nice  little  sewer,  'er's  made  a  pinner  an'  a  shimmy 
'er  own  self.'  *  My  good  woman,  say  a  pinafore  and  a  shift,  then  I 
shall  imderstand  you.'  The  term  shift,  which  in  the  march  of  refine- 
ment ousted  the  old  word  smock,  has  in  its  turn  been  almost  super- 
seded ;  that  modem  affectation,  shimmy — a  corrupt  form  of  chemise — 
being  now  considered  more  polite.    See  Smock  (1). 

(6)  V,  n.  to  manage.  Com.  *Yo'  mun  shift  fur  yoreself  now,  I 
canna  'elp  yo'  no  lunger.' 

'  Steph.  Every  man  shift  for  all  the  rest,  and  let  no  man  take  care 
for  himself.'—  Tempest,  V.  i.  256, 
Of.  Make-shift. 

8HIMKT.    See  Shift  (5),  above. 


376  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK* 


SBIM-WHXXJS,  adj.  a  dear,  bri^t  white. — ^EIllbbmbbb.  A.S. 
BcfmOf  brightnees. 

BiHIHBD,  prei,  did  shine :  said  of  bright,  glittering  objects,— '  the 
spar  shined  like  diamants.'    Qy.  com. 

' .  .  and  the  earth  $hined  with  his  glory.* — Ezde,  zliiL  2. 

Dr.  Morris  savs  *$hind€  occurs  iu  the  fourteenth  century.'  See 
HUiorical  English  Accidence,  p.  166.    A.S.  idnan^  to  shine,  gktter. 

SHIP,  sb.  a  sheep ;  sheep.    Com. 

SHIP-BTrBBOWS,  sb.  pi.  excavations  on  hill-«ides  or  ditch-buiks 
made  by  sheep  boring  inte  them  in  rubbing  their  backs. — Pulveb- 
BATCH.    See  Barrow  (1). 

8HIPPEV  rship*un|,  «&.  a  cow-house. — Whitchurcth  ;  Ellbbbebs^ 
North  Border,    An  imported  Cheshire  word  apparently. 

'  Whi  is  not  thi  table  sett  in  thi  cow-stalle, 
And  whi  etist  thou  not  in  thi  shipun  as  wele  as  in  thin  haUe.' 

MS,  Digby  41,  f.  8,  in  Hal. 

'  Bostar^  vel  bovialef  scipen,*  occurs  in  Supplement  to  ^l/rufs  Fooaiu- 
larvy  z,  or  sd.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  58. 
A.S.  ecypen,  a  stall,  stable.    Gf.  Beat-hus. 

8HIP-4HEABIHO,  tb.  the  rentday,— <  the  Clives'  ship^eariiC:— 
Coryb  Daijl  FiguratiTe  expressions  of  this  kind  are  common  in 
Shropshire, 

8HIBE  fshei'ur'],  adj.  thin  ;  scanty  :  said  of  crops. — ^Pulybrbitcb. 
'  Theers  a  despert  shire  orop  o'  barley  this  time— on  the  honks  the 
straw  inna-d-as  lung  as  a  wik's  beard.' 

'  Shyreneese,  thynnesse,  ddievre*  *  Sh3rre,  nat  thycke,  ddie^—^^ 
grave,  in  HaIi. 

8HIBE8  [shee  Vz].  <  Down  i'  the  Sherea '  is  a  phrase  noted  hy  Mr. 
Skeat  as  obtaining  at  Ludlow,  where  it  is  used  with  reference  to  other 
counties,  more  especially  the  manufacturing  ones,  in  a  depreciatory 
kind  of  way.  The  expression  is  quite  a  common  one  in  Kent,  Surrey* 
or  Sussex,  out  it  \b  singular  to  find  it  employed  in  a  County  which  is 
itself  a  S Aire.  The  form  Shere  occurs  in  Beaumont  and  "Fletcher's 
The  Burning  of  the  PesOe,  IV.  v.— 

*  Bejoioe,  oh  English  hearts,  rejoice,  rejoice,  oh  loyers  dear, 
Bejoice,  oh  city,  town,  and  country,  rejoice  eke,  every  shere.' 

8HIVE  rshei'v],  (1)  ab.  a  thin  slice,  as  of  bread,  bacon,  &c. :  said  of 
bread  chiefly.  Com.  *  The  poor  owd  Missis  is  very  bad  off,  they  sen.' 
'  Whad  a  pity ! — 'er  wuz  too  good-natured ;  'er  gid  the  loaf  an'  as  to 
bee  the  shive.^  'Well,  as  the  owd  sayin*  is — **yo'  shouldna  ondress 
yo  afore  yo*  gwun  to  bed."  * 

* .     •    .    and  easy  it  is 
Of  a  cut  loaf  to  steal  a  <Atve,  we  know.' 

Titus  Andronicus,  IL  i  87* 

*  Give  a  loaf  and  beg  a  shive.'  *  To  cut  large  shives  of  another 
man's  loaf.'— Bay's  Proverbs,  pp.  192,  176. 

*  ffec  Usca,  a  schyfe,'  occurs,  under  the  head  of  *  De  Panihus  ti 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC   377 

Fartibus  Eorum,*  in  a  Nominale,  xy.  cent,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  i.  p. 
241.    Mr.  Wright  explains  »chvfe  as  a  shivt  or  slice. 

'Schyvere,  of  brede  or  o>er  lyke  (tchyve^  K.  S.  P.).  Lesca,  scinda.' 
— Prompt.  Parv. 

*  O.Du.  schive  ;  M.H.Q«rm.  shihey  shive,  round,  slice.* — Strat. 

(2)  a6.,  var.pr.  Schcenoprcuum  ienui/olium,  Chiyes. — Pulvekbatch. 
Qy.  com.  ^  These  broth  6dd  be  all  the  better  fur  tuthree  shivts  in 
'em.' 

*  Fr.  ciue^  civette^  a  chiye,  scallion  or  unset  leek.    Cotgr.,'  in  Wedo. 
'  Civettet  petite  herbe  potagdre,  qu'on  mange  aussi  en  salade.  Chiyes 

or  ciyes,  a  species  of  small  onion.' — Chamb. 
Cf.  ScaUion. 

8HIVEB  [shei-yiir'],  same  as  Shive  (1),  aboye.— Wbh.    Cf.  Sliver. 

SHOF  [shof*],  sb,  a  sheaf. — FuLysRBATCHj  CRAyEN  Arms;  Wem. 
Qy.  com. 

'Scheffe,  or  scheef  (schefe  or  schofe,  S.  Bcho/^  £.).    Garbay  gdima,^ 
— Prompt,  Parv, 
A.S.  9cedf;  Du.  $hoof ;  a  sheaf.    See  Shoves. 

SHOO,  interj,  a  word  used  to  driye  poultry.     Com. 

'  8hough,  skough  !  up  to  your  coop,  peahen ! ' 

Beaumont  and  ^letoheb.  Maid  in  the  Mill,  Y.  i. 

^  He  cannot  say  shook  to  a  goose.' — fray's  Proverbs,  p.  193. 

'  To  cry  shooe,  shooe,  as  women  do  to  their  hens.' — Florio,  p.  477,  in 
Hal. 

C£  Gherm.  scJieucJien,  to  scare,  frighten,  driye  away.  See  Gall- 
words  to  Poultry  {Fowls), 

8E00DS  [shood-z],  ab.  pi.  husks  of  oats,— <  this  wutmil's  fiill  o' 

shoods,''--PULyEB3ATCH. 

*  Shoods.    Oat-hulls.    N.' — Grose. 

SHOOK,  pret.  for  part,  past,  shaken.     Com. 

'  K.  John.  Hadst  thou  but  shook  thy  head  or  made  a  |>ause 
When  I  spake  darkly  what  I  purposed.'—^.  John,  lY.  li.  231. 

'.    .     .     .    allheayen 
Resounded,  and  had  earth  been  then,  all  earth 
Had  to  her  centre  shook.* — Paradise  Lost,  Book  YI.  1.  219. 

SHOOK,  SHOOXY,  familiar  forms  of  Susan.    Com. 

SHOOH  [shoo'n],  8b,  pi.  shoes. — ^Kbwport.  An  old  woman  at 
Edemond,  relating  how  her  son-in-law  wanted  to  get  all  her  goods 
'  on '  her,  and  how  she  would  not  let  him,  said, — *  I  amna  gooln  to 
doff  my  shoon  afore  I  gooes  to  bed — ^no !  'e  mun  work  same  as  we 
didden^  [1874]. 

'  clou^tand  kyndely  his  schon  *  as  to  here  craft  falles.' 

William  of  Paleme,  L  14. 

*  His  shoon  of  Ck)rdewane.' 

Chaucer,  B.  1922  (Six-text  ed),  Skeat 


378  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK* 

'  Ye'ye  cost  me  twenty  pair  o*  ghoon 

JuBt  gauD  to  see  you ; 
And  eVry  ither  pair  that's  done, 

Mair  taen  I'm  wi'  you.' 

BoBEBT  Buurs,  PoevM,  p.  34,  L  9. 

A.S.  Bc6^  Bced,  a  shoe;  pL  tceds,  »ce6n, 

SHOOT  [shoo't],  V.  a.  and  sb,,  var.  pi\  to  suit ;  a  suit, — '  this  cap 
wunna  »hoot  'er ; ' — *  *e*s  got  a  new  shoot  on/    Com. 

8H00TEB,  8H00TEB-B0ASD,  sh.  a  board  placed  between  cheeses 
under  the  press.  Com.  '  To*  munna  clane  them  shooter-bumrdM  6dth 
the  milk  things,  else  we  sha'n  a  sour  milk.* 

'  eleven  chefats  [cheese-yats],  five  shooterB*  are  enumerated  amongst 
other  dairy  yessels  in  an  Inventory  dated  at  Owlbury  Manor-Houae, 
Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 

8H00TT,  adj.  even ;  regular. — Pulvbrbatch.  Qy.  com.  (1)  *This 
yom  inna  nigh  so  shooty  as  the  tother — I  doubt  ifll  mak'  gobbety 
sort  o*  knittiir .'  (2)  '  The  tatoes  bin  peepin'  'ere  an*  theer,  but  nod 
at  all  shooty:    Ct  Suity. 

SHOBE  [shoa'ur'],  pret  sheared, — 'who  sJiore  the  shipV — Glee 
Hills. 

'  His  scarlet  mantell  than  shore  he.' — Syr  Tsenbrtu,  127,  in  Hal. 
See  Canterbury  Tales,  1.  13958. 

SHOT,  sb.  an  ale-house  reckoning.  Qy.  com.  '  Now,  chaps,  whad'n'ee 
a  to  drink — ale  or  short  [spirits]  P~an'  I'U  stand  shot: 

*  Launce.  ...  I  reckon  this  always,  that  a  man  is  ...  •  neyer 
welcome  to  a  place  till  some  certain  shot  be  paid,  and  the  hostess  say 

.    '*  Welcome  I " 

*  Speed.  Come  on,  .  .  .  Fll  to  the  ale-house  with  you  presently; 
where  for  one  shot  of  five  pence,  thou  shalt  haye  five  thousand 
welcomes.' — Two  Oentlemen  of  Verona,  II.  y.  7 — 10. 

*.  .  .  when  good- fellows  meet  at  the  Tavern  or  Alehouse,  they  at 
parting  call  for  a  Shot,  Scot,  or  Beckoning :  and  he  is  said  to  go  Scot 
free  that  pays  not  his  part  or  share  towards  it.' — Blottnt's  Otoa^o^ 
graphia^  p.  575. 

Of.  Scot,  iJso  Ale-score. 

SHOTJL  [shou'l],  (1)  V.  a.  to  shed  the  first  teeth. — Pulvbbbatch. 
'  The  poor  lickle  wench  looks  despert  foul  now  er's  shoulin^  *er  tith.' 

(2)  V.  n.  to  shuffle  in  gait.— Wobthsk  ;  Obwestby. 

SHOULDHA.    See  Grammar  Outlines,  verb  ShalL 

*  You  shouidna  paint  at  angels  mair.' 

EoBEBT  JbUBNS,  Foems,  p.  117,  L  11. 

SHOITTHEB,  (1)  sb.  a  shoulder. — Shbbwsbubt;  PuLVEBBATca. 

'  Their  gun's  a  burden  on  their  shoutJier ; 
They  dowua  bide  the  stink  o*  powther.* 

BoBEBT  BuBNS,  Poems,  p.  13,  L  13. 

See  Ou  (14)  in  Grammar  Outlines  {vowels,  &c.). 

(2)  V.  a,  to  shoulder;  to  carry  on  the  shoulder. ~^/6i(i.  'Look 
sharp  an'  shdother  that  off.* 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   379 

SHOTTTHER  HIGH,  phr,  a  metaphorical  expression  =  on  a  bier. — 
Ihid.  *Yo'n  be  right  Ven  yo'  sin  me  shSother  *igh*  was  the  not 
infreauent  remark  of  a  oertun  man  to  his  wife  when  quan'elling 
with  her. 

SHOVES  Fshoa'vz],  «ft.  pi,  sheave& — Pulvbrbatch  ;  Craven  Arms  ; 
Wem.    Qy.  com.     '  I  see  'em  throwin*  down  the  mows  an'  feelin'  the 


aJwves,  I  spect  they  bin  thinkin'  o'  luggin'. 
cyn'  8chovy»y  or  o)>er  lyke.    Tcuao, 
SeeShof. 


*  Schokkyn'  achovya,  or  o)>er  lyke.    Tasso,  congdimo.* — Prompt,  Parv, 


SHRAO,  V,  a.  to  snap ;  to  bite. — ^Clbe  Hills.  '  Hie,  shrag  'im, 
Towzer,  lad ! ' 

SHKEDCOCH,  sb,  the  Fieldfare.— Ellesmbre.  See  FildefiEure,  also 
Stormcock. 

SHREWD  [sr'oa-d],  Pulvbrbatoh;  Wbm.  [shr'oa'd],  Worthen, 
Cherbury,  adi.  badly-disposed;  wicked;  yicioiis.  *  E's  gwun  a 
despert  $rdde  lad,  an'  no  odnder,  fur  'e's  neyer  chid,  do  whad%  551.' 

'  &  sone  as  a  schrewe  schuld  *  )>e  achrewedeai  he  >omt.' 

WiUiam  of  FcOeme,  I  4643. 

' .     .     .    she  is  intolerable  curst 
And  shrewd  and  froward/ 

Taming  of  the  Shrew,  I.  ii.  90. 

See  Shrewd  in  Archbp.  Trench's  Select  Glossary,  pp.  198, 199. 
*  Schrewyd,  PravtUus,  deprav<Uu8.' — Prompt.  Parv.    Of.  Curst. 

SHROPSHIRB  [sr'op'sheir^],  8b.  a  dish  of  fried  eggs  and  bacon. — 
Whitohukoh.  Waggoners  and  such-like  folk,  stopping  for  refresh- 
ment at  a  public-house,  ^nll  say,  '  Can  yo'  gie  us  any  S'rop8?ure  ? ' 

SHROFSHIRE-FAR'  [sr'op-shur'],  same  as  above.  Qy.  com.  '  We'n 
nuthin'  but  eggs  an'  bacon — owd  Shropshire- fan' — to  offer  yo'.' 

SHULL,  V.  a.,  var.  pr,  to  shell,  as  of  pease, — ^shidl  them  paze.' — 
Shrewsbury  ;  Newport  ;  Whitchttroh.  Pea^hulU  are  pea-shells. 
Of.  HuU  (1)  and  (2),  also  Sheel. 

SHUT  [shaet-  and  shut'],  (1).     See  Shet. 

(2)  «i.,  obsoU.  a  narrow  alley, — ^sometimes  a  'cul-de-sac,'  but 
usually— in  Shrewsbury  it  is  always — a  thoroughfare. — Shrews- 
BTiRY ;  Wellxngton  ;  Ellesmere  ;  Oswestry.  The  term  Shut,  in 
this  sense,  is  fast  dyine  out  in  Shrewsbury ;  the  '  Gullet  Shut '  is  now 
[1874]  called  the  'Q-ullet  Passage,'  and  so  with  other  sometime  Shuts, 
they  are  *  Passages '  at  the  present  day. 

'  fVom  the  Stalls  or  Mardol-head  the  street  itself  of  Mardol  branches 
off  to  the  right,  but  the  straight-forward  course  which  we  are  now 
pursuing  bring[s  us  into  the  narrow  street  called  Shoplatch :  at  the 
entrance  to  wmch  is  the  passage  of  Gullet-Shut.  A  shut  m  Shrewsbury 
language  denotes,  not,  as  might  be  imagined,  a  cul-de-sac,  or  alley 
shut  at  one  end,  but,  on  the  contrary,  one  open  at  both  extremities, 
enabling  the  pedestrian,  for  it  is  pervious  only  to  such,  to  shoot  or 
move  rapidly  from  one  street  into  another.' — Blctkeway  Salop  MSS» 
(A.D.  1817,  circa),  in  Bodleian  Library. 


380  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-DOOK. 

*  Don't  YOU  bow  the  muffin-man* 

Don  t  you  know  hia  name — 
Don*t  you  know  the  muffin-man 

That  lives  in  our  lane  ? 
All  round  the  Butter-Cross, 

Up  by  Saint  Giles's, 
Up  and  down  the  Oullet  Shut, 
And  call  at  MoUy  Miles  V 

Old  Shrewahury  Ditty. 

Molly  Miles  is  believed  to  have  kept  a  noted  Tavern  called  *  The 
Oullet,'  of  which  some  account  is  g^ven  in  the  Blakeway  Salop  MSS. 
Of.  Oullet  (3). 

(3)  V.  a,  to  throw  off — ^to  shoot,  as  of  water  from  a  roof.  Qy.  com. 
*  Tak*  car*  as  yo'  maken  that  ruff  steep  enough,  else  it  ddnna  ihut  the 
waiter  off.'    See  Water-shutten. 

«:)  sh,  the  increase  of  a  river  from  rain. — Clun,  Here/d.  Border. 
eer's  a  tremenjus  shut  o*  waiter  i'  the  river : '  said  of  the  rising  of 
the  Teme.     Of.  Flush  (3). 

(5)  V.  a.  to  yoke  horses  to  the  implements.  Qy.  oona.  *  Tell  Jack 
to  shet  a  couple  o'  'orses  to  that  par  o'  twins,  an'  g66  o'er  Boger's- 
Brum  ddth  'em — theer's  a  power  o'  scutch  i'  that  fild  as  mun  be  fat 
up  afore  the  'arrows  gwun  on.'    See  Onahut,  also  Shutting,  below. 

(6)  V.  a.  to  empty,  as  of  a  sack,  &c. :  used  in  the  past  participial  form 
chiefly.  Qy.  com.  '  Them  bags  hanna  bin  shut  yit,  Maister,  so  we 
sha'n  be  fooast  to  get  some  more  afore  we  can  send,  in  the  rest  o'  the 
barley.* 

(7)  adj,  quit ;  free, — '  I  wuz  mighty  glad  to  get  $Jui  on  *er.'    Com. 

(8)  $h,  the  act  of  getting  quit  of;  deliverance, — '  good  shut  o'  bad 
rubbitch.' — Worthen.    See  Shuttance,  below. 

SI)  V.  a.  and  ah,  to  join  two  pieces  of  iron  by  over-lapping  them, 
then  hammering  them  together  at  red-heat  till  they  oecome 
firmly  compacted.  Com.  When  two  pieces  of  iron  have  been  badly 
united  they  call  it  a  'cold  $hut;* — 4t  d5nna  las'  lung,  'e's  made  a 
cold  ahut  on  it.'  Blacksmiths  understand  a  difference  oetween  ihut^ 
ting  and  welding  iron,-*to  $htU  is  to  unite  two  separate  pieces— to 
weld  is  to  turn  part  of  a  piece  back  upon  itself,  and  hammer  it  until 
the  whole  becomes  a  solid  body  again,  and  assumes  the  required 
form. 

8HITTH  [shuth-],  ab,,  var.  pr.  a  sheath, — *  han'ee  sid  the  sJiuih  o*  my 
scithors  ? ' — Pultebbatch.  A  knittin*'$huth  is  a  cylindrical  sheatii 
attached  to  the  waist  of  the  knitter  for  holding  the  end  of  the  needle 
off  which  she  is  knitting.    01  Sheth. 

SHTJTTAHCE,  sh,  riddance,—'  good  shuttance  on  'er,'  Com.  See 
Shut,  (8)  above. 

8HTTTTIHG,  sb.  a  yoking — the  length  of  time  the  horses  are  yoked 
for  field  work ;  this  vanes  with  the  season :  early  in  November,  after 

.  the  com  seed-time,  the  farmers  make  '  one  shuttingy  i.  e.  the  horses 
go  to  the  field  about  8  A.M.,  and  are  not  brought  back  until  three  or 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   381 

four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon ;  but  in  the  spring-time,  at  the  '  Lent- 
sidness/  they  make  a  '  double  shutting ,*  the  norses  being  at  work  from 
6  A.M.  to  12,  and  from  2  to  6  P.M. — PuiiVERBATGH.  Qy.  com.  See 
Shut  (5). 

8ICH  [sich'],  pron.  such.     Com.     Spenser  employs  the  form  : — 

*  But  rather  joyd  to  bee  then  seemen  sich.* 

F.  Q.,  Bk.  m.  c.  vii.  st.  xzix. 

It  is  found  in  other  early  writers  also. 

SICK,  adj.,  pec,  eager;  desirous.  —  Worthbn;  Wbm.  **E  wuz 
oncommon  sick  to  goo,  but  I  5odna  let  'im.* 

SIDE-BASSIET,  sb^  ohsoU,  a  shallow  basket  without  a  handle, 
straight  on  one  side  and  curved  on  the  other, — adapted  for  carry- 
ing butter,  eggs,  &c.  to  market  on  horseback.  It  was  formerly  a 
general  custom  for  farmers'  wives  and  daughters  to  ride  to  market, 
carrying  their  dairy  and  noultry-yard  produce  with  them  in  Me- 
baskets  on  this  wise, — a  wallet  stuffed  with  hay  or  straw  was  thrown 
across  the  saddle,  to  form  a  support  or  pad  for  the  baskets — ^the 
curved  sides  of  which  fitted  upon  it — they  were  then  secured  by 
means  of  a  strap  passing  over  the  saddle,  one  on  each  side  of  the 
horse,  the  market-woman  sitting  between  them,  often  with  a  third 
basket  on  her  knee.  At  Church  Stretton,  at  the  present  date  [1880], 
there  may  be  seen  on  most  market-days  a  few  women  on  horseback, 
with  their  side-baskets,  coming  down  the  Burway  road  from  the 
villa^s  on  the  other  side  of  &e  Longmynd,  into  the  town;  but 
crossmg  the  hills  in  this  fashion  is  dying  out,  an  ordinary  market- 
cart  can  now  be  used,  thanks  to  the  great  improvements  that  have 
been  made  in  the  mo\intain-road. 

SIDELAHT-LEASOW  [seidlunt],  sh.  a  steep,  sloping  field.— Pulver- 
BATCH.  Farms  having  many  such  fields  are  said  to  be  '  despert  'ard 
to  work,  theyn  so  much  sidelant  ground  in  'em.*  Sidelant  =  side- 
land,  t.  e,  land  lying  on  the  side  oi  a  declivity.  Cf.  Bonky-pieces. 
See  Leasow. 

SIDE-SAZOB  [r'az'ur'],  sb.  a  beam  in  the  roof  to  which  the  rafters 
are  fastened, — ^the  *  purlin.' — ^Cltjn. 

SIDHESS,  same  as  Seedness,  q.  v.     Qy.  com.  in  Mid,  and  8.  SJir. 

SIBTH  [sidth*],  sb,  the  measurement  of  the  side  of  an  object, — 
*  lenth,  width,  and  sidth,* — Corvb  Dale. 

8IE  [seil,  (1)  r.  a.  to  strain  milk.  Qy.  com.  'Kow,  look  sharp, 
an*  sie  the  milk,  an'  p5t  the  men's  suppers,  an'  then  yo'  can  goo  an' 
see  whad's  gwem  on  at  the  Wakes.' 

*  Cyyd  (cyued.  P.),  or  cythyd  and  densyd,  as  mylke,  or  oJ>er  lyke 
(licoure,  P.).  Colaius,'  *  Syynge  or  clensynge  (syftynge,  S.).  Colacio, 
colatura.^Prompt.  Parv. 

*  A.S.  sihan  ;  O.H.Germ.  sihan  ;  O.Du.  sigtn  ;  O.IceL  sta,  to  sigh 
(sie),  cotere. '—Strat. 

(2)  sb,  a  milk-sieve.  Qy.  com.  •  I  Hke  a  tin  sie  best,  they  bin  a 
power  sweeter  than  the  5dden  uns.' 


382  SHROPSHIRE   WORD-BOOK. 

< .  .  .  a  kind  of  Wooden  Dish  with  a  IftW  round  hole  in  the  bottom 
of  it  with  a  Bim  about  it,  which  is  by  Milk  Women  called  a  Seigk; 
and  haying  a  Cloth  tied  about  the  hole,  Milk  runs  through  it,  wluch 
takes  away  all  hairs  from  the  Milk ;  this  in  our  Ooun^  is  termed 
Seighing  of  Milk.' — Academy  of  Armory ^  Bk.  HI.  ch.  yiii  p.  335. 

'  My  doake  itt  was  a  yerry  good  doake, 

I  haye  had  itt  this  44  yeere ; 
sometime  itt  was  of  the  doth  in  graine, 

itt  is  now  but  a  Btgh  clout,  as  you  may  see ; 
It  will  neither  hold  out  winde  nor  raine ; 
&  lie  haue  a  new  cloake  about  mee.' 

BeU  my  Wife,  L  30.     Percy  Folio  M8„  yoL  iL  p.  323, 
ed.  Hales  and  FumiyalL 

'  Colum,  a  mylke  syhe,  or  a  dansynge  syfe.' — Med.,  in  Way. 
* O.H.Germ.  9iha ;  O.Du.  9ige  {sijghe) ;  O.IceL  swi,  a  aie,  coium'— 
Strat. 

SIGHT,  sh.^  pee,  a  great  number;  a  great  quantity, — 'a  sighi  o' 
folks ; ' — '  that  cow  gies  a  Bight  o'  milk.'    Com. 

' .  .  .  the  greate  manne  broughte  on  hys  syde  a  greate  tyght^  of 
Lawyers  for  hys  coimsayle,  the  gentilwoman  had  but  one  man  of 
lawe/ — Latimer,  Sermon  ii  p.  73. 

'  Where  is  so  great  a  strength  of  money,  L  where  is  so  huge  a  tyghi 
of  mony.' — PaUgrave'i  AcolastuSf  1540,  in  Hal. 

Cfl  Power. 

STKE  [sei'k],  (1)  t?.  n.  to  sigh;  to  fetdi  a  deep,  long-drawn  biealL 
Com.     •  Sally,— 

"  Dunna  Mite,  but  send; 
If  'e*s  aliye  Vll  come, 
An'ifVsbadVUmend,''' 

'  &  loked  after  ^t  ladi  *  for  Idli  he  wende 
^at  sche  here  had  hed  in  sum  hurne  *  in  ^t  ilk  time, 
to  greue  him  in  hire  game  *  as  peUjk  he  gyled  were. 
but  whan  he  wist  it  was  wast  *  al  pai  he  sou^t, 
he  gan  to  $ike  &  sorwe  *  &  seide  in  )»is  wise : — ' 

William  of  PaUrne,  1.  691. 

<  on  his  bed  side  he  sette  him  downe, 
ho  aiked  sore  &  fell  in  swoone.' 

Eger  and  Orine,  1.  60.     Percy  Folio  MS,,  Tol.  i 
p.  356,  ed.  Hales  and  FurniyaU. 
A.S.  siean,  to  sigh. 

(2)  $h,  a  sigh ;  a  sobbing  breath, — '  'er  aiyed  sich  a  M%e.'    Com. 

'  And,  with  a  »yk,  ryght  thus  she  seyde  hir  wille.' 

Chauoeb,  F.  498  (Six-text  ed.},  Skeat 
A.S.  siccet,  a  sigh,  sob. 

SILLS,  sb,  pi.  the  bottom  and  side  pieces  which  form  t&e  skeleton- 
frame  of  the  body  of  a  cart  or  waggon — the  foundation  of  its  saper- 
stnicture. — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch.    Qy.  com. 

'  B<Mia,  syl/  occurs  in  Latin  and  Anglo-Saxon  QlosBes^  xL  ceni^  io 
Wr.  vocabs.,  yoL  ii.  p.  10.    See  Slotea  (1). 


GLOSSARY  OF  AROHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   383 
SILVEB-LAYENDERy  eh.  Santolina  ineana,  Lavender  cotton. — 

PULVEKBATCH. 

8IMETTY  [sei'mitr],  adj,  silly ;  half-witted. — Pulverbatch  ;  Clee 
Hills.  *  hsil  neyer  do  no  good  fur  the  Squire  nor  no  one  else — poor 
nmttty  thing.* 

BIMIfEL  [sim'nul],  sh,  a  species  of  rich  plum-cake  enclosed  in  a 
very  hard  crust,  coloured  with  sa^on,  and  shaped  like  a  flattish 
raised  pie. — Shrewsbury.  The  early  writers  speak  of  simnela  which 
were  a  fine  kind  of  bread ;  thus  in  Havclok  the  Dane  we  have : — 

*  Wastels,  simeneh    .     .     .* — 1.  779. 

Simnels  seem  to  mean  a  sort  of  cake  in  the  Crieriea  de  Paris,  v.  163, 
'  Chaudes  tartes  et  siminiaus.' 

Bandle  Holme  says, '  A  SimneJl,  is  a  thick  copped  Cake  or  Loaf  made 
of  white  bread  knodden  up  with  SafEron  and  Gurrans.' — Academy  of 
Armory,  Bk.  IIL  ch.  ii.  p.  293. 

*  Hie  artocoput,  An^  o,  symnellej'  is  found  in  a  Pictorial  Vocabulary, 
XV.  cent.,  with  an  illustration  which  bears  a  strong  family  likeness  to 
the  Shrewsbury  simnel  of  the  present  day,  both  in  form  and  feature — 
the  upper  rim  has  just  the  same  kind  of  ornamental  scallop  round  it. 
See  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  266.  See  *  Symnel,*  with  Mr.  Way's  Note, 
in  Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  456. 

8IHPLE,  adJ,  weakly ;  feeble :  said  of  old  folk.  Qy.  com.  '  Poor 
owd  John's  gettin'  mighty  Hmple,  'e  can  'ardly  ^t  alung, — ^"e's  broke 
oncommon  the  las*  two  or  three  'ears.*  Simple,  in  the  sense  of  feeble, 
occurs  in  one  of  the  PaUon  Letters,  written  by  Dame  Elizabeth  Brews ; 
she  says,  *  For,  cosyn, 

It  is  but  a  sympill  oke. 

That  [is]  cut  down  at  the  first  stroke.' 

In  a  subsequent  letter  of  the  same  date  [a.d.  1477],  by  a  different 
writer,  there  is  another  rendering  of  the  couplet, — '1  harde  my 
lady  sey, 

That  it  was  a  f  chill  oke, 

That  was  kit  down  at  the  first  stroke.' — vol.  iii.  pp.  169,  172. 

Cf.  Pi.  cxiii.  6. 

SIITOLE-HOBSE,  sh.,  ohsols,  a  saddle-horse. — Pulverbatch.  This 
term  has  doubtless  been  retained  from  the  time  when  horses  were 
ridden  either  '  single,'  i.  e.  by  one  person  only,  on  a  saddle ;  or  else 
<  double,'  i.  e.  bv  two  persons,  one  of  whom  was  seated  on  a  pillion  at 
the  crupper  end  of  the  saddle. 

*  Bose.  And  I  shall  be  a  Lady,  a  Captain's  Lady,  and  ride  single, 
upon  a  White  horse  with  a  Velvet  Side-saddle.' — FARQimAR's  Recruit- 
ing Officer,  Act  IIL  Scene — The  Market-place  [Shrewsbury], 

*  Sir  Peter  Teazle,  And  now  you  must  have  your  coach — vis-d-vis — 
and  three  powdered  footmen  before  your  chair,  ...  no  recollection,  I 
suppose,  wnen  you  were  content  to  ride  double,  behind  the  butler  on  a 
docked  coach- horse ! 

Lcidy  Teazle,  No  1  I  swear  I  never  did  that.    I  denv  the  butler  and 
the  coach-horse.' — School  for  Scandal,  Act  IL  So.  L  ed.  1772. 
Early  in  the  present  century — about  1810 — there  was  a  high-class 


384  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

Ladies'  school  at  Ormskirk  (Lancashire),  where  a  nngU-^cne  and  a 
double-korse  were  kept  for  the  use  of  the  pupils,  with  whom  the  nn^k- 
horae  was  the  '  favourite/  as  its  rider  oould  out-distance  her  com- 
panions on  the  double-hor8e,  and  enjoy  a  gallop  at  her  own  sweet  vOL 
It  is  a  true  story  that  one  of  these  young  gentlewomen,  heing  on  fiie 
single-horact  made  the  most  of  her  oppor^mities  by  riding  a  race  vitii 
a  butcher's  boy ! 

8IH0LET,  sh.  an  under  vest. — ^Whitchurgh  ;  Ellbsmsbb.  *  Wliad- 
ever  did'n'ee  lave  off  yore  flannin  singlet  fur  P  yo'n  be  sure  to  ketch  a 
cooth.'    See  Singlet,  in  Hal. 

Snrnr A-OBEEN,  sb,  Sempervlvum  tectdrum,  common  Honseleek.— 
PuLVEBBATOH.  * 'Ow  lung^s  yore  arm  bin  bad?— if s  despeit  red; 
get  a  good  'antle  o'  einna-green  an'  pun  it  well,  an'  pfit  a  spot  o* 
crame  to  it  or  a  bit  o*  lard,  an'  it'll  cool  it/ 

*  Howsleke,  herbe,  or  sengrene.* — Prompt.  Parv. 

SIVNOW  [sin'u*],  sh.  a  sinew. — Shrbwsbubt. 

*  Hie  nermu,  a  synow.' — NominciU^  xr.  cent.,  m  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol  i. 
p.  208. 

^Nerf,  m.  a  Synnow.' — Ootgbave  {Ft,  Diet.), 
*A.8.  aintt,  seonu;  O.Fris.  sine;    O.H.Germ.   ««n(e)tiMi,  smew.'— 
Stbat.     See  Sennow. 

SIBPCLOTH.    See  Serpcloth. 

SIST  [sis-t],  (1).    See  Orammar  Outlines,  p.  IzxxL 

*  in  the  gospel  thou  «Mf , 
That  God  be  law  byndus  y-fyre.* 

John  Axtdelay's  PceuM,  p.  ^ 

'  For  al  dai  thou  sist  with  thin  eien 
Hou  this  world  wend,  and  ou  men  deien/ 

MS.  Digh^/m^M- 

A.S.  )m  tihMt,  thou  seest,  from  «e^,  to  see. 

(2)  Bh.  fall  pay-day  for  miners. — Pulvsbbatoh,  SnaHleaeh;  M.T. 
See  Sub-siflt. 

SITCH  [sich-],  sh,  a  swamp ;  a  boggy  place. — ^Wbm  ;  Whitchurch. 

' .  .  .  a  garden  and  lands,  a  messuage  &  backside,  half  a  land  in 
the  Barley  field  near  Stafford's  $iehe,' -—Bent  Boll  of  the  Abbey  Church, 
Shrewsbury,  A.D.  1637. 

A  few  years  ago  there  was  a  pool  on  the  Sandford  Estate,  near  to 
Frees,  called  the  Siteh,  it  came  nearly  up  to  the  turnpike  road,  but  is 
now  [1875]  fiUed  up. 

Bailey — ed.  1782 — ^has  *  Siche^tum,  a  small  Current  of  Water  that 
uses  to  oe  dry  in  the  Summer ;  also  a  Water-farrow  or  Gutter.  0.  L-' 
Obviously  a  Latinized  form  of  the  Englidi  word. 

Sitch  =  eykey  the  North  Eng.  form — a  word  of  Scandinavian  oiigio. 
IceL  eiky  a  ditdi,  a  trench. 

SEKT,  sixth.     Qy.  com. 

'  The  Sixt  Peiw  on  the  South  side  of  the  North  We.'— Gk>0OH's 
nistory  of  Myddle,  p.  82. 

'  I  haue  gathered,  writ,  and  brought  into  lyght  the  famous  firvday 


GLOSSABT  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  385 

Bermons  of  Mayster  Kagh  Latimer,  wMcli  lie  preaclied  in  Lente  last 
past,  before  oure  most  noble  King  Edward  tiie  tyodt,^ — ^Latimeb's 
otrmvM  (Thomas  Some's  Dedication)^  p.  19. 

*  Trinepos,  sixte  sune ;  TrineptiSf  sixte  dohter/  occur  in  Supplement 
to  Archbp,  JEl/ri(fs  Vocabulary,  x.  or  xi.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  i 
p.  51.    See  Grammar  Outlines  {adjectives  of  numeration),  p.  xlyi. 

SIZES,  sb.  pi.  the  assizes.  Com.  '  Theer  wuz  a  sharp  market  to- 
day, the  sizes  bin  on,  an*  the  town's  f  iill  o'  folks — theer*8  nobody  to 
be  'ong  they  sen,  but  theer's  some  mighty  big  trial  gwein  on  i'  the 
nizey-prizey  cooiirt' 

'  Thei  follow  Sises  and  Sessions,  Letes,  Lawdays  and  Himdredes, 
they  shold  serue  the  k3mg,  but  thei  serue  them  selues.' — Latiheb's 
Sermons  (To  the  Reader),  p.  53. 

SKELLET,  SKILLET  [skel-it],  Com.  [skil-it],  Newport.  Qy. 
com.  sb,  a  brass  pan  without  a  lid — usually  with  a  swivel-handle 
across  the  top — and  of  any  size,  though  the  term  is  more  generally 
applied  to  a  preserving-kettle. 

'  Let  housewives  make  a  skillet  of  my  helm.' 

OthellOy  I.  iii.  273. 

'  Shelled  (suj>posed  to  be  from  the  French,  ScueUe,  a  porringer),  A 
small  vessel  with  feet  for  boiling.' — ^AsH. 
Gotgrave  has  '  Escuellette,  a  little  dish.' 

*  O.Ft,  escuele,  Scudle;  de  [Lat.]  scutella,^ — Bttb. 
See  Skillet,  in  Wedq.    Of.  Maslin-kettle. 

SKELLIHOTOir,  sb.f  var.  pr.  a  skeleton. — Shbewsburt;  Ellbsmbrb. 

SKELP  [skel-p],  (1)  same  as  Flay  (1),  q.  v. — Pulvbrbatch. 
(2)  same  as  Flay  (2),  q.  v. — Whituhuboh. 

SKEMBLIJO,  part,  working  in  a  light,  easy  kind  of  way. — Clun. 

SKEIT,  t;.  w.  to  glance  furtively ;  to  peer. — ^Wobthbn  ;  Oswbstby. 
*  'Er  kep'  skennin*  around  the  room  all  the  Vile  we  wun  talkin'.'  Of. 
E.  Scan. 

8KEP,  sb.  a  strong,  coarse  basket, — same  as  Kipe,  q.  v. — Wobtebn, 
Cherbury. 

*  Sumwhat  lene  us  bi  thi  skep  ; 
X  shal  ^ou  lene  seide  Josep. 
Cwrsw  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Oantah.,  f.  30, 1.  4741. 

Skep  is  a  very  common  East  Anglian  word. 

A  skep  is  mentioned  by  Tusser  amongst  sundry  articles  of  *  hus- 
bandlie  furniture '  for  the  stable,  p.  35,  id,  R  D.  6. 

*  Skeppe,  Sporia,  corbes.* — Prompt.  Parv.    Of.  Skip. 

8KEB  [skur^],  sb.  the  ridge  of  a  hill,—'  right  a-top  a'  the  sker:— 
WOBTHEN,  Cherbury. 

*  He  loked  abowte ;  thanne  was  he  warre 
Of  an  ermytage  undir  a  skerre.^ 

MS.  Lincoln,  A.  L  17, 1  123. 

See  Soar,  in  Bkl,    *  Cloel.  sker,  scar,  cliff.'— Stbat. 

CC 


386  SHROFSHIRK  WORD-BOOK. 

Sjlkw  [skeu'],  V.  n.  to  slant  off;  to  go  diagonally. — Bridohorth. 
'  Yo'  mun  skew  up  Ven  yo'  oomen  to  H^^ey.' 
'  Skew  your  eie  towards  the  maxgenV—SianihurH,  p.  17,  in  Hal. 
See  Skewt,  below. 

SKEW-BALD,  sb,  a  motley  or  parti-coloured  horse,  as  brown  (or 
bay)  and  white ;  but  not  black  and  white,  which  is  pie-bald.    Gam. 

'  Unrip,  ftc.  and  you  shall  finde 
Og  the  great  oommissarie,  and  which  is  worse, 
Th'  apparatour  upon  his  ikew^bald  horse.' 

CUavdand^B  Character^  fto.,  1647,  rnWs. 

See  Bk.  IL,  FoUdore^  &c.,  *  Superstitious  Cures'  {Whooping-ttrngk). 
T  [skeui;],  v,  n.  to  cross  slantwise ;  to  make  a  short  cat  bj 


yo- 
farer  in  the  Lawley  neighbourhood  [1880]. 

SKEWWAT8,  adv.  obliquely ;  aslant. — Newport  ;  Weh.   Qy.  com. 

8KEW-WIFF,  (1)  adv.  awry;  irregular j  zigzag. — Shbbwsbubt. 
Qy.  com.    Ct  Oater-wiiT. 

(2)  [aki'ou*  or  skyou*],  sb»  the  state  of  being  awry. — ^Wobthsi. 
*8  got  'er  bonnet  on  sdl  of  a  skySw^wiff.* 

SKILLET.    SeeSkeUet. 

SKIM,  V.  a.  to  mow.  Qy.  com.  The  term  skim  is  used  wi& 
reference  to  fields  which  are  hardly  worth  mowing,  haying  no  under- 
growth of  grass,  but  merely  a  thin  surfiEuse  crop  of  coarse  bladea 

8KIH-DICK,  sb.  a  cheese  made  of  skim-milk.  Com.  'This  is 
rael  cheese,  it  hanna-d-a  bit  o'  butter  in  it,'  observed  a  fiurm-labourer, 
apropos  of  a  Bkim-diek. 

SKIMMETT,  adj.  scanty  :  said  of  clothes  that  are  too  spare  for  the 
person, — '  whad  a  $himmeiy  gownd ! '    Qy.  com. 

SKIMPIVO,  same  as  above.     Qy.  com. 

SKUVnY,  adj., pee,  mean;  miserly.     Com. 

SKIP,  sb.  a  small  waggon  in  which  coal  is  brought  to  the  soifaoe 
£ix)m  the  '  workings.'    Com.    M.  T.     01  Skep. 

SKIPPET  [skip'i't],  sb.  a  long-handled,  spoon-shaped  implement 
used  by  drainers. — Clbb  Hills.  Tusser  has  '  skuppat'  for  the  same 
kind  of  thing : — 

'  with  skuppat  and  skauel,  that  marsh  men  alow.' 

HusbandHe/umUure^  ed.  EL  D.  S.,p.  88- 

SKIRT,  V.  a.  to  take  off  the  outside  hay  from  the  cocks  without 
otherwise  disturbing  them. — Welmkotoit.  'Mun  we  open  the 
cocks,  MaesterP'  *No.  they  bin  only  wet  o'  the  outside,  tH  send 
the  women  to  skirt  'em.' 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCUL  WORDS,  ETC.  387 

SKIT,  8h.  a  hoax;  a  practical  joke. — ^Pulvbbbatoh.  Qy.  com. 
•  They  played' n  off  a  fine  Mi  o'  Cleeton's  cowman  at  Stretton  far — 
persuaden  'im  as  the  paas'n  *ad  fieuicied  'im  fur  a  coachman,  an'  'ired 
Wl'    'WhadrarrapsI' 

SKITTEBy  t7.  a.  to  scatter  sparsely,  as  of  seed,  or  a  few  grains  of 
sand,  and  thus  differs  from  KaUeT,  as  applied  to  a  larger  quantity. — 
Whitohubch. 


timber.' 

8KIVEB-W00B  [55d-],  sh,,  ohsols.  wood  employed  for  making 
skewers — usually  Elder- wood. — Ibid.  *Wha'n'ee  done  66th  that 
$kiver'Sdd  f — yo'  voung  dog,  yo'n  bin  makin'  w'istles  stid  o*  Mver$^ 
they  bin  aU  too  short — 56nna  raich  through  the  fowl.' 

SKULIrCAP.    See  Cross-cloth. 

SLAB,  (1)  eh.  the  shoe  or  drag  of  a  waggon  wheel — Ellbsmerb.  Cf. 
Slade  (2),  below. 

(2)  Bh.  a  long  strip  of  ground. — Pulyebbatch  ;  Bbidonobth. 
Bailey— ed.  1782--give8,  as  an  'Old  Word,'  * SUxde,  a  long  flat 
Piece  or  Slip  of  Ghx>und.' 
A.S.  tlid,  a  slade,  plain.    Cf.  Slade  (1),  below.    See  Slang. 

SLADDED,  adj.  a  term  applied  to  fields  when  the  surface  soil  has 
been  washed  away  by  yery  heavy  rains,  or  when  heavy  rain  has 
fallen  and  tiie  land  is  crusted  over.— Clbe  Hills.    Cf.  Slerried  o'er. 

SLADE  [slai'd],  (1)  ah,  a  patch  of  ground  in  a  ploughed  field  too 
wet  for  grain,  and  therefore  left  as  greensward. — Ellesmebe,  WeUh- 
ampton.  See  Slitde^  in  Hal.  C£  Slad  (2),  above;  also  Oall  (3). 
See  Slade-gnuM,  below. 

J 2)  9b.  a  sledge  for  carrying  implements  from  one  field  to  another. 
7leb  Hills. 

'  Hec  traha,  a  sled.' — Nominale,  xv.  cent,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i. 
p.  232. 

'  O.N.  ilcefSa,  to  trail ;  $Mi,  what  is  daded  or  dragged  along,  a 
brush  harrow.* — ^Wbdo. 

SLADE-OKASS,  ah.  grass  grown  on  the  aladea, — coarse,  and  of 
inferior  quality ;  it  is,  when  mown,  usuaUv  reserved  for  putting  on 
the  tops  of  haystacks. — Ibid,    See  Slade  (1),  above. 

SLAKE  [slai'k  and  sleek],  t;.  a.  to  put  out  the  tongue  in  derision. 
— Whitchuboh. 

SLAK  [slam*],  i;.  a.  to  close  a  door  violently.  Com.  'The  girld 
inna  saucy,  but  'er  shewns  off  'er  temper  i'  alammin'  the  doors  an' 
bangin'  the  tubs.* 

SLAVO,  ah.  a  long,  narrow  piece  of  land.  Com.  '  We  bin  despert 
short  o'  meadowin',  theer's  on'y  two,  an'  a  bit  of  a  alang  as  yo'  met'n 
stride  across,  aumust.'    Cf.  Slad  (2).    See  Sling  (1). 

00  2 


388  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

BLAWT  rslan'in,  ah.  a  slattern. — Pulvbrbatch;  Worthen.  4*d 
mak*  that  girla  keep  'erself  a  bit  tidier,  —  whad  a  ilanny  'er 
looks ! ' 

SLAT  [slat-],  (1)  a  slip  of  wood. — ^Pulvbbbatch.  *  Jinerjest  nail 
a  $lat  under  this  box-lid,  to  strenthen  it.'    Of.  Slob  (2). 

(2)  V.  a.  to  plaster. — Cleb  Hills. 

SLAT  [slai*],  v,  a.  and  v.  n.,  pee.  to  dry  or  wither,  as  of  grass,  &Cy 
by  direct  exposure  to  the  sun. — Pulvbrbatch.  '  Pttt  these  yarbs  to 
slay  V  the  sun,  they  bin  ever  so  much  better  than  dried  i'  the  'ouse.' 
A.&.  sledn,  to  kili     Of. 


SLAZT  [slai'zi'],  (1)  poor ;  thin ;  flimsy, — in  texture  badly  woven. 
— Pulvbrbatch.  *  I  dunna  like  yore  Dowlas-cloth,  ifs  too  «ttzy,  an' 
lasses  none ;  I  made  our  John  four  shirts  on  it,  an'  they  wun  done 
direcly — theer's  nuthin'  like  a  bit  o'  wham  made.' 

'  I  cannot  well  aWay  with  such  sleezy  stuff,  with  such  cobweb  com- 
positions.'— Howell,  in  Todd. 

*  Sleezy,  weak,  wantinja;  substance.' — J.,  in  Wkdo. 

See  Shezy,  in  Hal.    Cf.  Bayly. 

(2)  adj,  slightly  constructed;  badly  put  together. — Ibid.  *Them 
new  'ousen  by  the  bruck  bin  run  up  despert  Blizy,' 

SLEEFEES,  eh.  pi.  grains  of  barley  which  do  not  germinate  in  the 
process  of  malting. — PULVBRBATCH. 

8LEEFIV0-BEA1TTT,  sb.  Oxcdis  btloha,  two-lobed  Wood-sorrel.- 
PuLVERBATCH.  Harriet  Humphreys  described  thia  plant  as  haTing 
'  the  most  innicentest  Uttle  bloom  in  the  world.' 

SLEirCH  [slen-sh],  (1)  sb.  a  hind-leg  of  beef  from  the  first  joint, 
including  the  upper  round  and  part  of  the  flank. — Shrbwsbttbt; 
Wellinotox.    Cf.  Lift-of-beefl    See  Chuck  (1). 

(2)  8b.  same  as  Kench  (2),  q.  v.— Wbm.  Slenchin*  is  emplojed 
like  kenchin\  as  an  altematiYe  form. 

8LEP,  pret.  slept,—'  'E  slep  well  all  night.'    Com. 

'  Makyng  her  wymmen  ek  to  taken  kep. 
And  wayt  on  hym  anyghtes  whan  he  slep.* 

John  Lydgate  (a.d.  1420.  circa),  The  Storie  of  Thd>a. 
Specim.  Eng.  Lit.,  III.  b.  1.  1360. 

'  AS.  ildpan,  pret.  Mp,  now  corrupted  into  slept.* 

8LEBBIED  O'EE  [slaeVid],  same  as  Sladded,  q.  v.— Wex. 

Compare  *  Slorryd.  .  .  .  LutidentuSf*  in  Prompt,  Parv, 

8LIFTEB  [slif-tur*],  sh.  a  long,  narrow  opening. — "Whitchurch. 
*  Pool  the  window  to,  but  just  lave  a  slifter.* 
Pegge  gives  *  Sli/ter,  a  crevice  or  crack.    Lane' 

8LIKE  [slei-k],  adj.  smooth ;  sleek. — Pulvbrbatch.  *  'E  gets  on 
5oth  the  Squire  better  than  a  'onester  mon,  'cause  e's  so  siike- 
tongued.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.  389 

*  po  sende  he  after  hire  sone^ 
pe  fayrest  wymman  under  mone ; 
And  seyde  til  hire,  [ialBe]  and  slike, 
pat  wicke  \>tb1,  f^at  roule  swike.' 

Havehh  the  Dane,  L  1157. 

•  Slykey  or  smothe.    Lenu,' — Prompt  Farv. 

*  O.Icet  sltkjaf  alike  (slick) ;  polire,  levigare,  hlandirC — Stbat. 
See  below. 

8L  i  K  kTT  [slikTi],  €idj\  smooth  and  bright, — ^polished. — Collisby  j 
M.  T.    See  Splauders. 

SLIEENSIDES,  sb.  smooth,  bright  sides  of  '  faults.'  Com.  M.  T. 
Of.  SUps,  also  Slickeruides,  in  Hal. 

SLIM  [slim-l,  V,  a.  to  do  any  kind  of  work  in  a  careless,  superficial 
manner.  Qy.  com.  '  Clane  that  cubbert  out,  Betsey,  an*  mind  an' 
nod  slim  them  top  shilyes  o'er.' 

Jamieson  has  *  To  Slim  o'er,  to  do  anything  carelessly  and  insuffi- 
ciently.' 

Compare  '  Q.N.  donnr,  Tihs,  inyalidus :  at  sktma  til,  to  set  slapkly 
to  work,'  in  Wedo. 

SLIHO  [^ing'],  (1)  «6.  a  long,  narrow  field, — same  as  Slang,  q.  v. — 
Cjjse  Kills  ;  Bbidonobth.  The  term  is  sometimes  employed 
adjectivally :  *  Yo'  mim  g5o  alung  the  aling  meadow,  but  the  path 
inna  very  well  bathered.' 

(2)  same  as  Carriage,  q.  y. — Shbewsbtirt. 

SLUNJL  [sling'k],  (1)  v.  n,  to  draw  back^  as  a  horse  does  when  going 
to  kick,  or  as  a  dog  when  about  to  bite. — Cobye  Dale  ;  Wem. 

(2)  (idj,  moist;  slimy;  slippery. — Cobye  Dale.  See  Slink,  in 
Wedo. 

SLnrX-VEAL,  ab,  immature  veal,  being  the  flesh  of  a  three-day  old 
calf. — Pulvbbbatch;  Ellesmebe.  *That  cauve  never  *eard  the 
Sabbath-bell — it  wuz  bom  i*  the  middle  o*  the  wik  an'  killed  fur  Sim- 
day  : '  said  apropos  of  some  poor  meat  supposed  to  be  slink^veal ! 

Jamieson  has  '  Slinky  ill-fed  veal  in  general' 

Peggo  gives  '  Slink,  a  calf  produced  before  its  time.    Yar.  DiaL' 

See  Stajggering-bob. 

SLIPES  [8lei*ps],  sb,  pi.  iron  plates  under  the  '  dans '  to  make  them 
drawable.    Com.    M.  T. 
'  O.H.Germ.  $lifa/n,  slipe;  slide.' — Stbat.    See  Dana. 

SUPPER,  sb,,  pec.  a  skidpan  for  a  waggon-wheel.  Qy.  coul  Cf. 
Slad  (1). 

SLIPPIHO  [slip* in],  «&.,  oba.  a  large  skein  of  yarn,  as  taken  ofif  the 
reeL — ^Fulvebbatoh.  Qy.  com.  *  Wen  yo'  gwun  up  i'  the  cheese- 
room,  coimt  'ow  many  Blippin's  bin  'angin'  up — I  like  to  know  whad 
sort  of  a  wik's  work  we  can  shewn.* 

'  A  Slipping,  is  as  much  as  is  wond  upon  the  Beel  at  a  time,  which 
is  genersdly  about  a  pound  of  Yam.  An  Hank  is  a  slipping  made  up 
into  a  knot.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  iii.  p.  107. 


390  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

SLIPS,  8b,pl,  smooth  partings  in  coal  and  strata. — Ck>LLiXBT ;  M.  T. 

*  Besides  these '  ['  principal  faults '],  '  innmnerahle  minor  fiiiilta  or 
"  Blips  "  and  *•  $likenaides,  as  they  term  them,  are  met  with.*-— J^otei 
on  the  ShropBhire  Coal-Field,  by  T.  Partow,  F.G.S.,  1868. 

See  SUkenaides. 

SLIP-SIDE,  prep,  lying  off  on  either  hand  at  some  little  distance 
from  a  place. — Pulvkbbatch.     <  Weer  bin  Joneses  gwein  to  liTef' 

*  Toert  somew'eer  Blip-aide  Welli't'n,  I  blieve.' 

Mr.  Wright  gives  *  Slip-aide,  the  left-hand  sida    Leic* 

SLITHEB  [slidh-ur*],  (1)  v.  n.  to  slide;  to  sUp.  Com.  'Come 
alung,  an'  we'n  alitner  across  the  pool.'  '  I  dama,  Mother  tond  me 
nod  to  go5  o'  the  ice.' 

'A  heavier  lurch  and  crash  sent  me  slitherina  right  across  the 
saloon.*— Soti< A  Sea  Buhblea,  by  *  The  Earl  and  the  Doctor/  p.  235, 
ed.  1872. 

*  Du.  alidderen,  to  slip,  slide.' — ^Wedo. 

(2)  ah,  a  slide.    Com.     '  'Ow  bin'ee  gettin'  on  55th  the  fli&d,  Jim?* 

*  Oh  I  rarly,  lad — Mother  an'  the  babby  bin  up-stars,  an'  Bob  an*  me 
ban  got  a  stunnin'  alither  V  the  'ouse.' — ^This  dialogue  had  reference  to 
a  flood  caused  by  the  Severn  overflowing  its  banks,  and  inundating 
the  houses  in  Coleham  (Shrewsbury),  compelling  the  inhabitants  to 
take  refuge  in  the  upper  rooms,  when,  before  the  waters  receded,  the 
memorably  severe  m>8t  of  1878-9  set  in,  thus  making  it  possible  for 
'  Bob  an'  me  to  get  a  stunnin*  alither  i'  the  'ouse  I ' 

SLIVEB  Fslei'vur'],  sb.  a  long  thin  piece;  a  slice. — Cles  Hills. 
'  The  owd  55man  took  a  fine  ^iver  off  tiie  loaf.' 

'  That  he  all  hole,  or  of  him  some  alivere,^ 

Chauceb,  Tr(nlua  and  Crtaeide,  Bk.  HI.  L  1015. 

'  There,  on  the  pendant  boughs  her  coronet  weeds 
Clambering  to  hang,  an  envious  ^tver  broke ; 
When  down  her  w^y  trophies  and  herself 
Fell  in  the  weeping  brook.' 

ffamlH,  rV.  viL  174. 

Tusser  has  *aliuera,'  pieces  of  split  wood;  chips. — Ed.  E.  D.  S.,  p* 
61.    See  below.    Cf.  Shiver. 

SLIVIHO,  8b,  a  branch  cleft  off;  a  splinter  of  wood. — Ibid, 

The  term  aliving  is  more  eepeciallv  applied  to  a  branch — ^usually  of 
hedge-row  trees — sliced  off  with  the  natchet  in  '  pleaching '  the  hedge; 
but  carpenters  sometimes  use  the  word  thus, — 'We  mun  ti^'  a  •ZtvtV 
off  o'  this  side,  an'  then  the  lid  651  fit.' 

*  Slyvyngey  of  a  tre,  or  o)>er  lyke.    Fiaaula,* — Prompt,  Parv. 
A.£  aU/an,  to  cleave ;  to  spht 

SLOB  [slob'l,  (1)  sb,  the  outside  cut  of  a  tree  when  sawn  up  for 
planks.— Shbewbbuby;  Pulvkebatch;  Wem.     *Wilrit,  han  'ee 
ever-a  alob  as  yo'  coulden  spai'  P — ^theer  wants  a  bottom  to  the  bee- 
bench.' 
Tusser  has  '  alab  *  with  the  same  meaning :— 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  391 

*  Sawne  slab  let  lie 
for  stable  and  stie.' — ed.  E.  D.  S.,  p.  33. 

(2)  Same  as  Slat  (1),  q.  v.— Clttn. 

SLOBBEB,  sb,  thin,  cold  rain,  mixed  with  snow ;  a  sloppy  sleet. — 
Shbewsbtjby;  Pxtlyebbatoh  ;  Wem. 

SLOBBEBT,  adj,  cold,  and  wet,  and  sloppy, — 'a  slobbery  day.' — 
Ibid. 

'  Bourbon 

Mort  de  ma  vie !  if  they  march  along 
Unfought  withal,  but  I  will  sell  my  dnkedom, 
To  buy  a  dobbery  and  a  dirty  fkrm 
In  that  nook-shotten  isle  of  Albion.' 

K.  Henry  F.,  HL  v.  13. 

8L0FF  [slofj,  V.  n.  to  eat  in  a  slovenly,  greedy  manner. — Pulver- 
BATCH.  '  'Ow  that  fellow  does  Bloff! — ^I  canna  bar  to  see  'im  o'er  'is 
mate,  'e's  fur  all  the  world  like  a  noud  sow  atin'  grains.' 

'  Sloffyngt^  or  on-gentyll  etynge.     VoradOf  devoracio^  lurccKiias,' — 
Prompt.  Parv. 

SLOMMACKIH',  adj.  slovenly  and  clumsy  in  appearance :  said  of 
folk, — '  a  great  »lommackin*  wench,  or  chap.'—  PuiiTEBBATOH.  Qy. 
com. 

SLOV  [slon*  and  alaun'],  sb.  Prunus  spinosay  the  81oe.  Com.  The 
fruit  IS  usually  spoken  of  in  the  double  plural  form, — 9lon$.  '  Slons  bin 
capital  in  Damson  wine— yo'  canna  tell  it  from  Port.'  8lon  =  sloes  is 
found  in  The  Treatise  of  TFalter  de  Biblesworih,  ziii.  cent. : — 

'  Le  fourder  que  la  fourdine  porte.' 

'Fourder^  is  glossed  'sh-thomef*  and  'fourdine,* '  slon.*    See  Wr. 
Tocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  163. 
A.S.  Bid,  a  sloe;  pi.  sldn.    Dan.  Blaaen;  Sw.  Blan, — Idem. 

8L0P-PK0CK,  sb.  a  strong  Knen  over-garment,  worn  by  waggoners, 
fSum-labourers,  and  other  like  folk.---SHBBWSBUBY ;  Ellesmeeb. 
Qy.  com. 

Frock  is  here  redundant,  Blop  being  an  old  word  meaning  the  same 
thing,  as  in  the  following : — 

'  His  oversloppe  nis  nat  worth  a  myte.' 

Chaugbb,  Q.  633  (Six-tezt  ed.),  Skeat. 

'  Sloppe,  nrment.     MvMorium.' — Prompt.  Parv. 
Compare  IceL  yfirsloppr,  an  upper  or  over  garment. 
C£  Smock-frock. 

BL0TE8  fsloa'ts],  (1)  sb.  pi.  fiat  bars  of  wood  mortised  into  the 
'  sills'  of  a  cart  or  waggon  for  the  boards  of  the  body  to  be  nailed  to. 
Qy.  com. 

'  The  Skies,  are  the  vnder  peeces  which  keepe  the  bottom  of  the 
Cart  together.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.'in.  en.  viiL  p.  339. 
SeerUls. 

(2)  Bb,  pi.  the  wooden  cross-bars'of  harrows.    Qy.  com. 


392  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

•  The  SlUe$,  the  cross  pieces  [of  HarrowsJ.'— -4c(«lef»8f  of  Armonfy 
Bk.  ILL  ch.  Tiii.  p.  336. 

(3)  See  Sole. 

•  O.Frifl.  dot ;  O.H.Germ.  $loz ;  r«c«ta.*— Stblat.  ^.x  oi  ♦ 

•  Vtctis,  a  bane,  or  sparre  of  wood.'— /)w<.  Etym.  Lai,    Ci.  Biat. 

BLXn)  [alud-],  *6.  wet  mud. — Shrewsbury.     Qy.  com. 
SLIJDOE  [sluj*],  same  as  above.     Com. 

8LTTSBT  [sluVr],  ab.  thin,  washy  mud,— more  liquefied  than  dud, 
Ac,  as  of  half-melted  snow  on  roads.  *  I  remember  wbad  a  joumev 
I  'ad  the  las'  time  I  wuz  down  'ere ;  the  snow  wiw  gwein  »wa^  ^ 
the  roads  wun  ander  dip  i'  «ittrfy.'— Atcham  ;  Pulvbrbatch  ;  Wem; 
EUiESMEBB.    Qy.  com. 

•  Sloor,  {dory  ...  or  cley).  Onwrn,  Limus.  "  To  slorry,  or  m^e 
foul,  •orrfwio."— GouiJ)if.  **  BouHU,  soiled,  slurried,  smutched,  &c ; 
8ouiller,  to  soyle,  slnrrie;  Ordi,  fouled,  slurried,  slubbered."— CtoTO' 
—Prompt.  Parv.  and  Notes, 

'  O.N.  $lor,  uncleanness;  dorugr,  dirty.'— Wbdo. 

SLTT8H,  same  as  Slurry.    Com. 

SLUT  [slut],  (1)  sh.  an  oven-mop  made  of  rags, — ^Pulverbatch. 

*  Bessey,  bring  the  $lut  an'  clane  the  oven  out*  Dick,  hearing  tto 
dryly  observed,  •  Missis,  yo'd*n  better  piit  'cr  in,'— meaning  that 
Bessey  was  dut  enough  for  anything !  See  KaUdn  (1),  also  Oven- 
sweep. 

(2)  »6.,  oh».  a  home-made  candle.— Pulvbrbatch.  The  wick  of 
such  candles  was  often  nothing  more  than  the  cut-off  hem  of  an 
under-garment ;  they  were  rudely  made,  and  were  called  dvtt,  to 
evade  the  penalties  which  attached  to  making  candUa  withont  a 
license,  at  a  time  when  they  were  subject  to  duty. 

SXAT  [smai-l,  (1)  v.  n.  to  falter ;  to  flinch.— Wem.     It  ia^  often  said 
of  a  horse  after  a  journey,  *  'e  never  stumbled  nor  imayed,* 

(2)  V.  ».  to  fail  in  the  appetite.— Pulverbatch  ;   Bridonobib. 

*  Does  'er  $may  in  'er  yettin'  P^  was  invariably  asked  by  an  old  *  beast- 
leech'  at  Bridgnorth  when  called  in  professionally  to  a  cow. 

(3)  y.  n.  to  wear  a  guilty  look.— Pitlverbatch.  *  I  know  right 
well  that  bwoy  sucks  the  eggs,  fur  Ven  I  axed  'im  *ow  many  theer 
wuz,  'e  tmayed  i'  the  face.' 

SMEO  [smeg-],  «6.  a  bit— Whitchurch,  TtUtock.     «We'n  etten 
every  mneg  o'  that*best  cheese.' 

SHELLEBS,  sh.  pi.  cats'  whiskers.— Pulvbrbatch  ;  Wem  ;  Ellb- 
MERE.    Qy.  com. 

SMITE  [smeii;],  ah.  a  small  bit ;  a  mite. — Pulverbatch.     '  Han  yo' 
gotten  a  bit  o*^  'bacco  ? '    '  No,  nod  a  amiU.* 

r,  same  as  above. — ^Wem. 


SMITDfO,   adj.^  pec.  captivating. —  Pulvbrbatch.      *  Polly  wui 
prinked  fur  the  far,  an'  'er  looked  right  amitin\* 


GLOSSARY  OF   ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   393 

SHOCK  [amok*],  8b.,  obs.  a  woman's  chemise.  Com.  *  My  Mother- 
law  said  "  Turn's  wife  'ad  too  many  fine  gownds  for  'er,"  but  I  toud 
'er  I'd  as  many  good  smocks  as  *'  fine  gownds,"  an'  more  than  that, 
they  wun  all  my  own  spinnin'.' 

'  1547.  Auff.  4.  Here  was  wedded  early  in  the  morning  Thomas 
Munslow  Smitn  and  Alice  Nycols,  which  wedded  to  him  in  her  sniock 
and  bareheaded.' — Register  of  Sir  Thomas  Boteler,  Vicar  of  Much 
Wenlock. 

'  "  The  smoh,^^  quod  he,  '*  that  thou  hast  on  thy  bak, 
Lat  it  be  stiUe,  and  ber  it  forth  with  thee." 


Biforn  the  folk  hir-seluen  strepeth  she, 
And  in  hir  smoh,  with  heed  and  foot  al  bare, 
Toward  hir  fader  hous  forth  is  she  fare.' 

Chaugeb,  E.  890—895  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

'  Alen^on,  Doubtless  he  shriyes  this  woman  to  her  smock,* 

1  K,  Henry  F/.,  I  iL  119. 

*  Colohium,  smoc,  vd  syrc,'  occurs  in  ArcKbp.  JElfrv^s  Vocabulary, 
X.  cent.,  and  'IntertUa,*  glossed  *smokke,*  in  a  Metrical  Vocabulary, 
(perhaps)  xiv.  cent,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  i.  pp.  25,  182. 

*  Interula,  a  shirt,  the  Unnen  next  the  skin.' — Did.  Etym,  Lat. 

*  O.Icel.  smokkr  ;  O.H.Germ.  $moccho;  smock,  interula.^ — Stbat. 
See  Shift  (5). 

SMOCK,  SHOCK-FBOCK,  sb.,  obsoU.  1  an  over-dress  of  strong  linen 
descending  below  the  knees,  worn  by  farm-labourers,  waggoners,  &o. 
Oom.  *Whad  says  our  dairy-girld? — ^**  I'd  sooner '&ve  a  chap  in  a 
smock-frock  than  one  o'  them  magpy-tailed  bwun-poHshers." ' 

*  1798.  Sept**  10*.  Making  two  mock  Frocks.  16*.'— ParwA  Ac- 
counts^  Much  Wenlock. 

Fegge  has  '  Smock-frock,  a  coarse  linen  shirt  worn  over  the  coat  by 
waggoners,  &c.,  called  in  me  South  a  Gaberdine^* 
Vt  Slop-frock. 

SHTTSE.    See  Muse. 

SHAG'  [snag'],  (1)  v.  a.  to  trim  or  cut  off  in  a  rough,  slovenly 
manner. — Clee  Hills  ;  Bbidonobth.  '  Wy  yo*  shear  a  ship ! — see 
'ow  yo'n  snagged  'er ;  yo'n  fat  the  skin  off  i'  places  an'  lef  the  651  on 
an  inch  lung.^    Cf.  Sag  (3). 

(2)  V.  n.  to  snap,  as  a  little  cur  would.     Qy.  com.    '  Dunna  let  that 
dog  snag  at  me,  keep  'im  off.' 
Jamieson  has  '  To  Snack,  to  bite  as  a  dog.'    See  Snag  in  Wedo. 

SHAIL-HOXJSEn,  sb.pl.  snail-shells. — Shbbwsburt;  Fulvebbatoh. 
Qy.  com. 

'  Testudo,ttehxiBed  sneegl,'  occurs  in  Archbp.  JElfHc^s  Vocabulary, 
X.  cent,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  24. 

BVAXE-WJSEOy  sb.  Mercuridlis  perSnnis,  Dog's  Mercury. — ^Pulveb- 
batch. 

BHAP  [snap*],  o.  a.  to  make  hot,  hasty  remarks ;  to  take  a  person  up 
shortly.    Com.     *  Well,  yo'  nee'na  snap  my  yed  off,  I  on'y  toud  yo 


394  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

whad  the  Missu  said.'    '  Snap  !  ifs  enough  to  make  anybody  map, 
w'en  they  bin  doin'  thar  be8t---I  canna  do  no  more.' 

SHAPE  [snai'p],  (1)  v,  a.  to  check  or  rebake  hastily.  Com. 
'  Dunna  $nape  the  poor  child  like  that,  'e's  doin'  no  'arm.'  '  ^E  inna 
so  soon  $naped  as  yo'  thinken,  'e's  a  furbidden  young  rascal.' 

Compare  Shakespeare's  '  $neaping  fh>st/ — Lov^s  Labour  Led,  L I 
100. 

'  Snaipen,  O.Icel.  sneypa  ?  to  snape,  rebuke.' — Strat.     Cf.  £.  Sntib, 

(2)  »b,  a  hasty  rebuke.  Com.  '  I  never  sid  sich  a  child  as  Johnny, 
it  yo'  gin  'im  a  bit  of  a  $nape  'ell  cry  fur  a  nour.' 

'  My  lord,  I  will  not  undergo  this  tneap  without  reply.' 

2  JT.  Henry  IV.,  LL  I  133. 

SVBACH  [snee'ch],  r.  a.,  obsols,  to  scorch ;  to  nip. — ^PuLTERBiTCH. 
The  action  of  both  extreme  heat  and  biting  cold  is  expressed  by  meack 
and  its  derivatiyes  meaching  and  $neaehy,  *  Mind  yore  appam,  the 
fire  '11  sneach  it  direc'ly.' 

Compare  *"  As  hit  $narchte  ant  barst." — Seinte  MarhareU,  18, 14. 
O.Icel.  merkifa  ?  shrivel  ?  *  in  Strat. 

Cf.  Snlrp. 

SHEACHDIO,  pari,  adj.y  ohsoU.  Boorching ;  nipping. — Ibid.  (1) 
'  Better  lave  the  oven-door  down  aw'ile,  for  ifs  weachM  wut'  (2) 
'  The  sters  bin  twinldin'  pretty  bright,  theer'U  be  a  stieocAiV  iroi 
to-night' 

SVEACHTy  adj,,  ohaoU.  same  as  above.  ^The  oven's  despert 
meachy ; ' — *  a  ineachy  fixw'.' — Ibid. 

8VEAD  [sned*],  eh.  the  long  handle  of  a  scythe.     Com. 

'  Scythes  and  8ne<id».' — Auctioneer^ $  CtUaloaue  (Stoddesden),  1870. 

'  Those  hedges  are  tonsiLe — thev  are  to  be  cut  and  kept  in  order 
with  a  sythe  of  four  foot  long,  and  very  little  falcated ;  this  is  fixed 
on  a  long  sneed.  or  streiffht  handle,  and  does  wonderfully  expedite  the 
trimming  of  these  and  the  like  hedges.* — ^Eveltk's  Sylva  [a.d.  1664], 
xiii.  §  2,  in  Nares. 

See  Ooga  (1). 

SVEAP.    See  Snape. 

SITIDDLE,  BHIDDLE-0BAS8  [snidl],  sh.  a  kind  of  coarse,  broad- 
leaved  grass,  growing  in  marshy  places. — WSM. 

Mr.  Wilbraham  ^ves  '  Sniddle,  or  Hassocks,  that  kind  of  long 
grass  which  grows  m  marshy  places.  Lane.  The  AIra  caepitita  of 
Linnaeus.' 

C£  Sniggle  (2)  and  Sniggle-grass. 

SSIQ  [snig],  (1)  V.  a.  to  drag  timber  from  the  place  of  felling  to  one 
more  convenient  for  loading. — Pulvebbatoh.  Qy.  com.  '  I  shall  'a 
but  a  poor  chem  to-morrow,  they  wanton  three  o'  the  beet  'orses  to 
mig  timber  out  o'  the  coppy.' 

(2)  sb,  a  filmy  substance  formed  by  beer  or  vinegar  in  bottles  or 
taps.— PuLVERBATCH.  Qy.  com.  '  That's  fine  clanin'I — ^w'en  I  went 
to  fill  the  bottle,  theer  was  a  inig  in  it  as  big  as  my  finger.'  Of. 
Mothsr. 


QLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   395 

(3)  »h.  a  little  slug. — Glee  Hills. 

(4)  $b.  an  eeL— Wellhtoton.    Qy.  com.    See  Sniggle  (1),  below. 

GQIIOOEB  [snig'urn,  v.  a.  and  sh.  to  laugh  in  a  sneering  way ;  a 
sneering  laugh. — ^esewsbuby  ;  Pulyebbatoh.    Qy.  com. 

SVIOOEBnrO,  part.  adj.  sneering. — Ibid.  "Fs  a  mak'-game, 
miggerin*  fop-— al'ays  o'  the  Mtgger,* 

SVIOOLE,  (!)  8b.  an  eeL — ^Wblunqton.     Qy.  coul 

*  YPgd.  wollers  han  layes  as  large  as  a  mouse's  ear. 
Then  sniggUs  they^n  run,  they  dunna  car  Veer.' 

Local  Doggerel  (Preston  on  the  Weald-Moors). 
See  Woller. 

(2)  eb.  the  oaasmtose  root-leayes  of  EridpTiorum  vaginatumt  Hare-tail 
Cotton-grass. —  Whitchukoh,  Whixall  Moee,  Qt  Sniggle-grass, 
below. 

SBKJOLE-BOIOB,  8b.  pi.  large  tufts  of  8niggle-gra88. — Ellbsmere. 
See  below. 

SVIOOLE-OBASS,  Aira  ccespitosa,  turfy  Hair-grass. — Ellesmbrb. 
01  Sniddle-grass,  also  Snizzle-grass. 

SBIFPET,  8b.  a  small  bit» — 'jest  a  snippet* — Pulverbatoh. 

SKUkP  [snur'p*],  v.  a.  to  shrivel ;  to  wither,  as  by  great  heat  or 
extreme  cold. — Atoham  ;  Pulverbatoh  ;  Worthen  ;  Olttw  ;  Wem. 
Snirp  in  the  simple  form  of  the  verb  appears  to  be  nearly  obsolete 
[1875],  but  enirpedf  its  past  participle,  is  often  heard.  (1)  'The  oven's 
mighfy  whot,  it  11  enirp  that  bif  if  yo' put'n  it  in  yit  awilde.'  (2)  '  The 
tatoe  tops  bin  enirped  up  55th  las'  night's  fires',  I  see.' 

*  Snurpe,  v.  n.  become  shrivelled. — ^Bel.  Ant.,  u.  211.  Sw.  inorpaj* 
— Col.    C£  Sneaoh. 

SVIBPED-XJP,  part.  adj.  cross-grained ;  sulky. — ^Wem.  '  Snirped-up, 
like  a  swinged  pig^s  eye^'  is  a  proverbial  expression  commonly  applied 
to  persons  of  perverse,  sulky  temper :  it  is  also,  but  less  firequently, 
used  apropos  to  things  shrivelled  up. 

SVIBPT,  adj.  same  as  above. — Ibid. 

BBlYDfO  [snei'vin],  part.  adj.  swarming ;  abounding :  said  chiefly 
of  insect-ufe,  or  vermin,  as  rats,  &c.,  but  sometimes  of  people. — 
Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatoh  ;  Worthen.  *  The  cabbitch  bm  enivin* 
55th  green  grubs ;  they'n  ete  the  laves  to  the  very  stalk.'  And  see 
example  under  Sodger. 
Compare  Chaucer's  '  snewede : ' — 

'  Withoute  bake  mete  was  nevere  his  hous. 
Of  flessoh  and  fissch,  and  that  so  plentevous, 
Hit  sneioede  in  his  hous  of  mete  and  drynke.' 

The  Prologue,  1.  345,  ed.  Moms. 

8HXZZLE.&KA88,  sb.  turfv  Hair-grass.— Wellinoton. 

'  *'  Why  it  brings  nowt  but  enizzle^grasa  an'  'ardyeds,"  said  a  fiumer 


396  SHROPSHIRE   WORD-BOOK. 

who  was  particularly  careful  to  point  out  the  bad  qualities  of  a  certain 
field,  when  appealing  against  the  yaluation  of  his  fiurm.' — Science 
Gossip,  p.  227,  Oct  1870. 
See  Sniggle-grass. 

SHOFELE  [snof  1],  r.  n.  to  speak  through  the  nose. — Pulvbrbatch; 
Clttn;  Wem.  '  xo*  met'n  as  good  send  a  pig  on  a  narrand  as  a 
fellow  that  snaffles  athatn.'  Such  a  person  is  sometimes  spoken  dL 
as  being  '  snoffle-STunUed,* 

*  Du.  snuff ekuy  to  breathe  through  the  nose.' — ^Wedo. 


Snudge  in  Wbdo. 

SVOOBOIVO,  part.  adj.  sitting  close:  said  of  head-gear, — ''£r'd 
got  some  little  snoodgirC  bonnet  on.' — ^Wobthen. 

SN0W-BALL8,  ah.  pi.  the  flowers  of  Viburnum  Opulus^  common 
Guelder  Rose.    Com. 

SBfOW-BIBDS,  sb.  pi  Fieldfares. — Clun.  These  birds  are  observed 
to  come  in  large  flocks  on  the  approach  of  snow  or  wintry  weather, 
whence  their  local  name  of  Snow-birds.  Cf.  Storm-cock  (1).  See 
Fildefare. 

SSOWL  [snou-l],  v.  n.  to  say  peevish,  disagreeable  things. — 
WoBTHEK.     *  The  Missis  is  al'ays  snowlin*  an'  grumpin'  about.' 

SOBBEB  [sob-urH,  v.  iu  to  simmer ;  to  boil  slowly. — ^Pulvbrbatch. 

*  Them  tatoes  6on  be  spiled,  they'n  bin  sohberin'  this  'afe  'our.'  Ct 
WaUop  (1). 

BOBBIN -WET,  adj.  soaking-wet.  —  Shrewsbubt  ;  Pulvbrbatch. 

*  Theer's  sich  a  je'ow  o'  the  grass  an'  tillin',  my  fit  an'  legs  bin  sobbin- 
wet.*  [I  have  only  heard  it  as  soppin-wet. — W.  W.  S.]  C£  Soggen- 
wet. 

SOCK  [sok*],  sh.  liquid  manure  ;  the  drainage  of  a  dung>hill.  Com. 
'  If  8  a  downright  shame  that  meadow  inna  piit  to  thar  farm,  fur  all 
the  sock  o'  the  foud  gwuz  into  it,  an'  the  paas^n  gets  the  benefit/  Cf. 
W.  sochf  a  drain. 

SOCK-HOLE,  eh.  a  pit  for  the  sock  to  drain  into ;  a  cess-pool. — ^New- 
POBT.    Qy.  com. 

SODDENDT-WET  [sod-nin],  same  as  Sobbin-wet,  above.— £lle»- 

aEBE* 

SODDEB  fsodnir'  and  sau'dur'],  «b.  and  v.  a.  solder;  to  solder. 
Com.  '  1  mus'  taV  the  coffee-pot  to  be  soddered,  but  they  maken  the 
sodder  so  soft  now,  it  lasses  none.' 

*  The  decoction  of  Yeronica  dronken,  doth  soder  and  heale  all  firesh 
and  old  woimds.'— Lytb's  Herbal  [a.d.  1595],  p.  31,  in  BibU  Word- 
Book. 

*  Fr.  Souderf  joindre  des  pidces  de  m6tal  ensemble.  To  solder  or 
•Oder.'— Chamb. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   397 

80BOEB  [soj'ur'J,  ah,  a  soldier.  Com.  *  Sosebry  wuz  snivin*  65th 
Bodfjers  o'  Saturday — ^the  Cayaltry  bin  up,  an'  theer  wuz  a  ridgment  o' 
reglars  gwein  tbrougb.' 

'  My  humble  knapsack  a'  my  wealth, 
A  poor  and  honest  eodger,* 

BoBEBT  Burns,  Poems,  p.  237, 1.  6,  a  2. 

SOFT-MELCHED,  same  as  Easy-melehed,  q.  y. — Pulybrbatgh.  See 
Kelch-cow. 

80G,  (!)  sb.  A  blow.  Qy.  com.  *  'E  gid  'im  sich  a  sog  V  the  guts,  'e 
didna  want  another.'    C£  Sogrger,  below. 

(2)  V.  n.  to  deal  one  blow.  —  Colliery.  Soggin^  is  striking 
repeatedly. 

BOGOEIT  [sog'i'n  and  sog'n],  sb.,  ohsols.  a  soaking. — Pulverbatoh. 
'  Wun  yo'  ketcht  i'  the  thunder-starm  o'  Saturday  ? — ^I  got  a  pretty 
9oggfin* 

*  Soggcn.    Aquoaua.' — Prompt.  Parv,     *  O.N.  aOggr,  wet,'  in  Wedo. 

8000EN-WET,  adj\,  obaola.  soaking-wet — Ibid,    Cf.  Bobbin-wet 

SOOOEB  [sog'ur'  and  seg*ur^l,  (1)  ab,  a  heavy  blow. — Pulverbatoh. 
Qy.  com.  '  'E  gid  the  poor  lad  sich  a  aegger  i'  the  stomach  tell  it  took 
'is  breath  away.^    Cf.  Bog  (1),  above. 

(2)  ah,  a  thump. — Ihid,  '  'E  loost  the  bag  off  'is  shSoiher  sich  a 
aogger,' 

SOLE  [soa*l],  Pulverbatoh.  [sou'l],  Clee  Hills,  ah.,  oha.  a  wooden 
collar,  shaped  like  a  bent  bow,  which  went  round  the  neck  of  a  stalled 
beast,  the  ends  fittei  into  a  movable  *  slote  *  or  cross-bar  at  the  top, 
and  by  this  means  the  sole  was  fastened:  it  was  employed  for 
tethering  purposes. 

Tusser  mentions  '  aolea'  amongst  *  Htiahandlie  furniture.*  See  p.  38, 
ed.  E.  D.  S. 

*  Soole,  beestys  teyynge.  Trimemhrale.  "  Sole,  a  bowe  about  a 
beestes  necka" — Palsq.  <<  Reatia,  a  sole  to  tie  beasts." — Qouldm.' — 
Prompt.  Parv,  and  Notea. 

A.S.  aolUf  a  rope  to  moor  a  boat.    See  Slote  (3). 

SOLID,  adj.  grave;  serious;  sedate.  Com.  'Whad's  the  matter, 
Maister  ? — ^yo'  looken  as  aolid  as  owd  times.'  '  No,  most  the  pity,  if  s 
nuthin'  like  owd  times  sence  these  Badicals  bin  carryin'  idl  afore  'em, 
an'  pertendin'  to  be  the  fanners'  friends — but  gie  me  poor  owd 
Baconsfild.*  This  was  said  in  reference  to  the  eventful  Gbneral 
Election  of  1880. 

SOLLAB  [solmrH,  (1)  ah.,  oha.  1  a  ceiling ;  an  upper-flooring. — Pul- 
verbatoh. *  Tney'n  got  a  bit  on  a  'ut  o'  the  side  o'  the  Wimb'ry-'ill, 
but  theer's  no  aoUar  to  it,'  t.  e.  no  ceiling, — open  to  the  roof. 

Mr.  Wedffwood  explains  aoflar  to  be  '  properly,  simply  a  flooring, 
then  applied  to  floors  or  stages  in  different  parte  of  tine  house.  H. 
aolaro,  iollato,  a  floor  or  ceiling ;  aolare,  a  story  of  any  building,  from 
aohre,  to  sole,  to  floor,  or  ceil. — ^Florio  (a.d.  1680).'    See  below. 

(2)  ah.,  oha.  ?  a  garret;  a  loft. — Ihid,  '  Tak'  them  apples  an'  pars 
an'  tirade  'em  o'  the  aollar  flur.' 


398  8HR0P8HIRS  WORD-BOOK. 

*  Maides,  musUrd  seede  gather,  far  bemg  too  ripe. 

Then  dresse  it  and  laie  it  in  9dner  yvt  sweete.' 

TU88EB,  Fiut  Hundred  Pointea  of  Good 
Hu$bandrie  [August]. 

In  AcU  I  13;  ix.  37,  where  the  A.  Y.  has  an  'upper  room  or 
chamber/  the  Wicliffite  version — ed.  1388— has  '  ooUr.* 

Grose  gives  *  Boiler^  or  Solar,  An  upper  chamber  or  loft  From 
the  Latin,  Bclarium.     S.' 

*  Solarium,  up-flor,*  occurs  in  a  Semi-Saxon  Voeahukuy^  ziL  cent, 
in  Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i.  p.  93. 

'  Solfre,  or  lofte.  Solarium,  hedheca,  menianum.  "  Sollar  a  chambre, 
Bolier.  Seller  a  lofte,  gamier,'' — Palso.  '*  Heeteca,  dicitur  solaniim 
dependens  de  parietibos  oenaculL  Menianum,  solarium,  dictam  a 
menibus,  i  muris,  quia  muris  solent  addi" — Obtits.* — Prijmpi,  Parv. 
and  Notes, 

*  Solarium  .  .  .  the  solar  in  the  house.* — Did.  Etym,  Lai. 
'O.Fr.   iolier ;  charpente,  plancher,  plateforme,   6tage,   ohsmbre 

haute,  grenier.' — ^BuB. 

SOLLAB  HIGH,  phr.,  obs.^  as  higb  as  the  ceiling.— /&id.  'Is 
3rore  pi^  aumust  fat,  John  ? '  *  No,  'e  dunna  get  on  mighty  fast,  Vs 
sich  a  piddlin*  ater, — it's  time  'e  wus  sollar  *igh  [slaughtered  and  hung 
up  by  the  heels],  far  it's  black-quarter  at  our  'ouse.'  See  Sollar  (1), 
above. 

SOHD,  sb.  sand.  Com.  *  Theer^s  no  sond  to  be  'ad  no  nigber  than 
Exford's  Green,  an'  it's  more  than  ifs  wuth  to  fatch  it' 

'  Fer  in  Northumberlond  the  wawe  hir  caste. 
And  in  the  sond  hir  ship  stiked  so  faste, 
That  thennes  wolde  it  noght  of  al  a  tvde.' 

Chaucer,  B.  509  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeai 
A.S.  sond,  sand. 

SOHOOW  rsong'oe],  v,  a,  and  v.  n.  to  glean. — Whitchurch  ;  Ellss' 
HERE.     A  *  Border '  word — apparently  imported — which,  though  it 
obtains,  is  not  in  much  ussl    Mr,  Wilbraham  gives  it  as  a  Gheahire 
word. 
Handle  Holme  has  *  Gleaning  or  Loosing  or  Songoing,' 

*  Dan.  sanke,  to  gather,  cuU,  glean,  pick.' — ^Wedq. 
See  Lease,  also  Swingle  (3). 

SOHHOCKIHO,  part,  loitering ;  idling.— Church  Stbettok. 

BOOPLE  [eoop'l],  (1)  ady.,  var.  pr,  supple.     Com. 

g)  V.  a.  to  reduce  inflammation  by  fomenting ;  to  render  pliant  by 
mal  applications. — Pulverbatch;  Worthbit.  *Ifs  a  desjiert 
bad  sprain,  out  if  yo'n  get  some  o'  owd  Lewis's  iles,  they  bin  capital 
to  soople  the  jint  an'  swage  the  swellin'.' 

'  The  soveraine  weede  betwixt  two  marbles  plaine 
Shee  pownded  small,  and  did  in  peecee  bruse ; 
And  tnen  atweene  her  lilly  handes  twaine 
Into  his  wound  the  juice  thereof  did  scruze ; 


\ 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   399 

And  round  about,  as  she  oould  well  it  uze, 
The  flesh  therewith  shee  suppled  and  did  steepe, 
T'abate  all  spasme,  and  soke  the  swelling  bruze.' 

Spenseb,  F,  Q.,  Bk.  IIL  c.  y.  st.  xxxiii. 

'To  make  a  thing  which  is  hard  and  rough,  soft;  to  soften,  to 
supple,* — ^Holltband's  Bidionariey  1593. 
Mr.  Halliwell  says  '  Supple  is  now  used  only  as  an  adjective.' 
*  O.Fr.  soplier,  souploier  /  .  .  .  plier.* — Bub. 

BOOR  [sooV],  adj\  bad  (in  execution)  ;  poor  (in  quality) ;  difficult ; 
incorrigible. — Shbewsbttbt  ;  Pttlvbbbatch.  *  'E's  maden  a  soor  job 
on  it.'  *  They  bin  a  eoor  lot  o'  ship.'  *  Tve  got  a  soor  job  'era'  *  'E's 
a  $oor  chap,  I  doubt  'e*ll  never  be  no  good : ' — are  instances  of  the 
diverse  senses  in  which  this  term  is  used:  it  has  a  wide  range  of 
application.  A  story  is  told  of  the  newly-appointed  Rector  of  a  certain 
parish,  who  interrogated  his  derk  as  to  what  his  congregation  thought 
of  his  preaching.  The  clerk  was  reticent — he  did  not  *  like  to  say/ 
The  B^tor  was  urgent  ^  Well,  Sir,'  said  the  derk,  *  if  I  mun  teU  yo', 
they  sen  as  yo'  bin  a  mighty  soar  'ond  at  it.' 

*But  curssed  be  he  l£at  doeth  the  worcke  of  Qod  negligentli  or 
^efullie.  A  soare  word  for  them  that  are  neglvgent  in  dyscharge- 
mge  theyr  office,  or  haue  done  it  fraudulentlye,  for  that  is  the  th3mge 
that  maketh  thepeople  yll.' — Latimsb,  The  Floughere,  p.  21. 

See  Sore,  in  Wedg. 

SOBEOWFTTL-MONDAY,  sb.  the  first  Monday  following  the  close 
of  the  harvest  weeks. — Pitlyerbatch.  On  this  day  the  farm-labourers, 
resuming  the  usual  order  of  work,  are  put  upon  the  wonted  allowance 
of  *  drink,'  of  which  during  the  harvest  they  have  had  no  stint> — 
hence  they  give  to  it  the  name  of  SoTrowfvl'Monday, 

S088,  V,  n.  to  plamp  down ;  to  sit  down  ct  Vahandon, — ^Whitchurch. 
'  *^T  eoseed  down  i'  the  cheer  all  at  wunst.'  The  term  is  sometimes 
applied  to  a  person  who  has  a  bad  seat  in  the  saddle, — '  Theer  'e  gSds 
MMi'n  on  'is  'oss.'  The  word  ease — never  used  of  hard  substances — 
would  seem  to  be  of  onomatopoetic  origin. 

-  Jamieson  has  '  5om,  the  flat  sound  caused  by  a  heavy  but  soft  body, 
when  it  comes  hastily  to  the  ground,  or  squats  down. 

SOITOH  [suf],  (1)  «2».  a  covered  drain,  as  from  a  sink;  also  such  a 
one  as  goes  through  a  hedge-bank  from  one  field  to  another.    Oom. 
W.  sochy  a  sink,  a  drain.    Cf.  Sock. 

(2)  [soo*],  V.  91.  to  wail,  as  the  wind  before  rain. — Clttn  ;  Wem. 

'  In  which  ther  ran  a  swymbel  in  a  swough, 
As  though  a  storm  schulde  bersten  every  bough.' 

Chauobb,  The  Knightea  TdU,  1.  1121,  ed.  Morris. 

'  I  saw  the  battle,  sair  and  teugh, 
And  reeking-red  ran  monie  a  sheugh. 
My  heart,  for  fear,  gae  sough  for  sough,* 

BoBE&T  BXTBNS,  Poems^  p.  230, 1.  27. 

Jamieson  gives  'To  Scuch,  Soogh,  Swouch,  to  emit  a  rushing  or 
whistling  sound,  with  the  corresponding  substantive  forms  for  a 
rushing,  whistling  sound,  and  also  a  deep  sigh.' 

A.S.  swdgan,  to  sound,  to  howl  as  the  wind. 


400  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK, 

SOTTOHIH*  [soo-in],  sh,  the  wailmg  Bound  of  the  wind  hefoie  rain. 

SOTJIrCAKE  [soa-1],  «6.,  ohs,  ?  a  dole-cake  for  All-Souls'  Day,  made 
of  very  light  dough,  sweetened  and  spiced,  and  of  oyal  form. — 
Pulveebatoh;  Wem.  8oul'Cake$  were  made  as  late  as  1840  or 
thereabouts,  and  dispensed,  according  to  old-established  usage,  by 
Mrs.  (Mary)  Ward  oi  Churton,  a  truly  venerable  Dame,  who,  £aving 
exceeded  a  century  of  ag;e,  died  in  Jan.  1853. 

'  Aubrey,  iu  the  Remains  of  GentiUsme,  MS.  Lansd.  227,  says  that 
in  his  time  [latter  half  17th  cent.]  in  Shropshire,  &c,  there  was  set 
upon  the  board  a  high  heap  of  sotU^cakeB^lymg  one  upon  another, 
like  the  picture  of  the  shew-bread  in  the  old  Bible&  They  were 
about  the  bigness  of  twopenuy  cakes.'— Bbakd's  Popular  Antiquities^ 
voL  i.  p.  393. 

*  Soul-TTuisS'CcJcea  are  certain  Oaten  Cakes,  which  some  of  the 
wealthier  sort  of  persons  in  Lancashire,  Herefordshire^  &c.  use  stQl  to 
give  the  poor  on  AU-Souls  day  {Novemh,  2),  who  take  themselves 
obliged  to  say  this  old  verse  in  retaibution, 

God  have  your  Saul, 
Bones  and  AIL' 

BLOXJirT's  Glossographia,  p.  698. 
Be^N.&Q.  (5th  S.,  x.  426). 

SOXJinrO.  See  Bk.  11.,  Folklore,  &c.,  'Customs  connected  with 
Days  and  Seasons '  {AU  Sovlt?  Day), 

80ITB-D0CK,  eh.  Rumex  acetosa,  common  SorreL  Com.  Walter  de 
Biblesworth  says — 

'  Pur  sauce  vaut  la  surele,' 

'  Sour-dokke '  is  given  as  the  gloss  of  *  surele,^  See  Wr.  vocabs.,  toL 
i.  p.  162.    Cf.  Sour-sauce,  below. 

S0TTB.INO,  sh.  buttermilk  put  into  cream  to  prepare  it  for  the  chum 
when  not  sour  enough — Pulvebbatch.  *In  winter- time  a  little 
saurirC  put  i'  the  crame-stean  saves  it  [the  cream]  throm  gwein  bitter, 
an'  it  parts  sooner.' 

SOTJE-SATTCE,  same  as  8onr-dook,  above,  q.  v.    Com. 

SPAH-OTTTTEB,  sh.  a  drain  made  by  placing  three  common  bricks 
against  the  face  of  the  coal,  to  carry  off  the  water  to  the  '  sump.' 
tLq  bricks  are  so  arranged  as  to  form  a  triangle— -one  is  laid  flat,  the 
others,  at  each  end  of  it,  slope  upwards  till  they  meet  at  the  apex.^ 
COLUEBY,  Old  Park;  M.  T. 

SPAEABLES  [spaar'-u'blz],  eh.  pi,  shoemakers'  'sprigs'  —  small 
headless  nails  of  brass  or  iron.  Properly  sparrow-hills,  from  their 
shape. — ^PuLVE&BATCH.  Qy.  com.  *Yo'  mun  get  tuthree  aparahlm 
piit  i'  the  'eels  o*  them  boots,  else  yo'n  be  runnin'  all  asiden.' 

'  Cob  clouts  his  shoes,  and  as  the  story  tells. 
His  tiiumb-nailes  par'd,  afford  him  sperrahUs.^ 

Herrick,  p.  266,  in  Nabssl 

Amongst  *  Nails  without  Heads,*  Bandle  Holme  enumerates, '  Spar- 
row Bills,  Nails  to  clout  Shooes  withaL' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk. 
DX  ch.  vii.  p.  300. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  401 

8PABE-BIB  [spaa-r'ib  and  spaai^'i'p],  eh,  the  rib  of  a  bacon-pig 
after  the  flitoh  has  been  cnt  off.     Com. 

*  The  Spar-Bibs,  the  Bibs  when  they  are  cut  from  the  sides  of  such 
Pork  as  is  intended  for  Bacon.' — Academy  of  Armory ,  Bk.  IIL  ch. 
iii  p.  88. 

Cf.  Bald-rib. 

SPABKLErspaaT'kl],  eh.  a  spark. — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch; 
Olxtn.  *  wind's  the  matter  66th  the  child's  arm  ? '  •  Wy  a  aparJde 
fled  out  o*  the  fire  an'  burnt  it'  *  Whad'n*ee  piit  to  it  ? '  '  Some  sinna- 
green  an'  crame,  that's  the  best  the  thing  as  I  knowed  on.' 

*  Chylde  Florent  yn  hys  feyre  wede 
Sprange  owt  as  sparkyUe  on  glede.' 

The  Emperor  Octavian,  L  962,  Percy  Soc.,  ed.  1844, 

*  Sparkle,  of  fyyr.     Scintilla,  favilla,^ — Prompt  Parv, 

SPABLDTO  [spaa-r^lin],  sb,  a  thin,  puny  little  child. — Pulverbatch. 
'  Inna  that  child  a  eparlin*  fur  a  six  yer  owd  ?  *  '  Aye,  it's  a  poor 
ayen.'  The  term  is  sometimes  used  as  a  redundant  adjectiTe, — '  it's 
a  poor,  little  eparlin^  child.'  A.S.  spcer,  spare  +  ling,  a  diminutiye 
suffix. 

8PABB0W-OBAS8,  sb.  asparagus.     Com. 

8PATTLE - SPOTTLE  [spat*!],  (1)  Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch; 
Ellesmsre.  Qy.  com.  [spotl],  (1)  Newport  ;  Ludlow,  Bur/ord, 
V.  a.  to  splash.  *  Wy  'ow  yo'n  dagged  yore  throck !  *  *  Oh,  it  inna 
much,  it  s  on'y  epatUed  a  bit.'     A.^  epdtlian,  to  froth,  fame. 

^2)  V.  a.,  ohwls,  to  slapdash  with  white  on  a  black  eround.  The 
'  aister '  of  old-fashioned  cottage  fire-places  is  epatUed  thus : — ^It  is 
first  washed  with  a  mixture  of  soot  and  buttermilk,  this  being  dry,  it 
is  sprinkled  or  splashed  with  whitewash  by  means  of  a  fiat  brush. — 
Ellesmebe.  Qy.  com.  *  Jenny,  yo'  g6o  an'  axe  Betty  Dulson  if 
'er'll  lend  me  'er  Vitewesh  bniiBui  to  epattle  the  aister  wuth, — we 
maun  '^ve  it  clean  'gen  Chris'mas.'    See  Aister  (1). 

(3)  V.  a.  to  pepper, — ^a  sportsman's  phrase. — Pulverbatch.  *  Well, 
young  fellow,  WMser  han  yo'  bin  all  onder  ? '  '  I've  bin  all  round  the 
ooppy,  an'  the  sidelant-leasow  after  quice.'  'Han'ee  killed  any?' 
'  Aye,  I  shot  three,  an'  apaUled  tuthree  more.' 

(4)  V,  a.  to  fritter  away :  said  of  money. — ^Pulverbatch  ;  Wem  ; 
Ellesmere.     '  Nancy  Furber  dunna  mak'  a  very  good  &ven  for  a 

Soor  men's  wife,  an'  see  the  way  *er  epatHes  'er  wages  in  bits  an' 
abs.'    See  Spattling-money,  below. 

SPATTLED,  part,  past,  si  A  slightly  intoxicated. — Pulverbatch; 
Wem.  '  Wuz  the  MaiBter  drunk  las'  night  ? '  '  No,  'e  wunna  drunk, 
o'y  a  bit  spattledj    Of.  Fresh  (1),  also  Totty. 

8PATTLIVO-M0HET,  sh.  same  as  Bntter-money,  q.  y.,— money 
which  coming  in  small  sums,  is  expended  for  trifling  purchases. — 
Pulterbatoh  ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmere.  '  I  say,  Missis,  yo'n  too  much 
epattlin* -money,  I  wunna  a  so  much  butter  sent  to  marldt  every  wik, 
yo]  maun  try  an'  get  some  more  cheese  from  somew'eer; — thatll 
bring  the  money  in,  in  a  lump.'  Compare  '  spending  siluer'  in  tiie 
following : — 

DD 


402  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

' ...    BO  plesaimt  and  so  seroisable 
Ynto  the  wyf,  wher  as  he  was  at  table. 
That  she  wolde  sufEre  him  no  thing  for  to  paye 
For  bord  ne  clothing,  wente  he  neuer  so  gaye ; 
And  spending  <t7uer  hadde  he  ryght  ynow.' 

CHAT7CEB,  G.  1018  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 

Compare  &Mitling('money)  with  *  Splarplynge  or  scaterynge  («parif- 
lynge  .  .,  K.).    IHsaipaciOy  ui  FtompL  Parv. 

SPAUH  [spann*],  (!)  sb.  and  v,  a.,  var.  pr.  a  span;  to  span — as  by 
the  extended  hand.  Qy.  oom«  '  That  young  d6man's  mighty  taper 
i'  the  middle,  yo*  mefn  spaun  'er  roimd. 

*  A.3.,  O.K.  Germ,  spannan^  span  {teiyiere,  neetere),' — Stbat. 

(2)  ab,,  pec  measurement  by  paces,  as  of  land,  — '  that  plack's 
about  three  rood  by  my  «patiti.' — Pulyebbatch. 

(3)  V,  a.,  pec  to  measure  by  jMioes. — Ibid,  "Ow  mnch  tatoe 
ffround  han'ee  got  this  time  P '  '  Well,  aooordin'  as  I  apaun  it^  about 
four  rood — ^I  dunna  know  whad  they'n  mak'  it  d5th  the  chain.* 

SPAXnTEB  [spau'nur'],  sb.  a  turn-screw ;  a  '  wrench,'  used  by  black- 
smiths.   Qy.  com. 


SPAWL  [spau'l],  v.  a.  to  slice  off:  said  of  wood, — a  carpenter's 
term. — Gluk. 

SPAWLED,  part,  adj.  same  as  Shaked,  q.  y. — Shbewsbubt. 

SPEECH,  V.  n,  to  bulge,  as  of  a  wall, — ^  that  wall  speeches  out  aboTO 

a  bit.' — C^LEB  HOEiLS. 

SPICE-BALLS,  same  as  Faggits,  q.  y. — Wem  ;  FiTj.kbmkrk, 

SPICT  [spei-si*],  adj.^pec,,  slA  smartly  dressed.  Qy.  com.  *I  ad 
Bess  at  the  Club,  an'  onoommon  spicy  er  wuz — downright  smitin.* 

SPIOOT-STEAH,  eb,  a  large  earthen  jar  shaped  like  a  barrel  stand- 
ing endwise,  and  haying  an  orifice  at  the  lower  end  to  admit  a  spigot 
Qy.  com.  '  Theer*s  two  or  three  little  casks  an'  a  eptgot-sUan  i'  ^e 
catalogue,  if  they  gwun  ohep  I  should  like  to  '&ye  em,  they  bin  so 
ready  fior  a  drop  o'  wine  or  metheglin.'    8ee  Stean. 

SPIKE-POLE,  eb.  a  light  pole  furnished  with  a  spike  at  one  end, 
used  to  set  down  the  loose  portions  of  the  roof,  when  the  minen 
cannot  otherwise  reach  it  for  tne  purpose  of  testing  it.    Com.    M.  T. 

SPILE  [spei'l],  ab.  dross;  rubbish. — Shrewsbury.  Qy.  com.  A 
man  complained  that  some  *  slack'  from  Short  Hill  was  full  of  'spile' 
that  would  not  bum.    0£  Spoil. 

SPDTK,  8b,  the  Chaffinch. — Bridgnorth.  Probably  called  Spink 
from  its  alarm  note.     Grose  has  *  Spink,  a  chaffinch.    N.' 

*  Hie  rosteUt*s,  A*  spynke,'  occurs  in  an  English  Vocabulary,  in  Wr. 
yocabs.,  yol.  i  p.  189.  Dr.  Stratmann  expbuns  it  as  the  '  FringUla,* 
See  Ghink-cliink. 

SPHTHET,  sb.  a  small  plantation. — ^Lttdlow  ;  Newport. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  403 

'.    .    .    alas!  alas! 
Had  her  horse  but  been  fed  upon  English  grass, 
And  sheltered  in  Yorkshire  ipinneys,* 

Thomas  Hood,  Miss  Kilmansegg,  &c., '  Her  Accident.* 

Mr.  Halliwell  says  that  ^  spinney ^  meaning  a  small  plantation, 
occurs  in  Domesday  Book.'  From  O.Fr.  espinnye^ '  a  thorny  plot,  place 
fall  of  briers/  Cotgraye;  which  is  from  Lat.  spinitum^  a  thicket  of 
thorns.    Cf.  Ooppy,  also  Hay. 

SPUlHIlfO  8TBEEI  TABN,  phr.  gossipping  up  and  down  streets 
or  lanes  instead  of  stopping  at  home  to  work.  —  Shrewsbuby  ; 
PULYB&BATOH.  '  Ifs  a  shEune  to  see  that  great  wench  spinnin*  street 
yam  awile  the  poor  owd  mother^s  lef  to  do  all  the  work. 

SPIBT  [spui^t],  V,  n,  to  '  sprit '  or  sprout  abnormally :  said  of  grain, 
&C.  Com.  '  They  sen  the  corn's  spirt  sadly ;  but  it's  no  &5nder,  the 
weather's  bin  so  muckery — it'll  n>irt  standin'  now  if  s  ripe.' 

'  1584-5.  This  yeare  the  somm  and  harviest  tyme  was  so  unseason- 
able that  husband  meen  could  not  get  in  their  come  but  mutche  of  it 
was  layd  flat  to  the  girownde,  and  so  by  meanes  spirtid,  and  whe'  the 
reast  that  stood  upp  beinge  ripe  was  rept,  yet  by  the  reason  of  con- 
tynuall  shures  was  mutche  spirtid,  and  in  hast  howsed  scannt  seasonid 
by  w*^  unseasonablenes  Bye  that  was  beffore  harvist  at  15  &  1/6^  the 
bushell  cam  to  ij«  4e2  the  busheU  and  all  othem  grayne  in  lycke  order 
and  rate  and  so  lycke  to  coom  derer.' — Early  Chronicles  of  Shrews-^ 
bury  {Taylor  MS.),  in  Transactions  of  the  Shropshire  Archceologicai  and 
Natural  History  Society. 

See  Sprout,  in  Wedo. 

SPIKT  [spei'hYi*],  adv.  tall  and  weak, — *  shot  up.* — ^Pulybrbatch  ; 
Wem.  '  I  dunna  like  beans  set  among  the  tatoes,  they  growen  spiry 
an'  bringen  nuthin'.' 

*  Spy^^\  **  come  and  oJ>er  lyke.    Spico,* — Prompt  Farv. 

*  N.  spira,  to  shoot  up.' — ^Wedo. 

SPIT,  ah.  a  spadeful  of  soil  in  digging. — ^Muoh  Wenlock. 
*Du.  spitten,  to  dig.'— Wbdo. 

SPITTLE,  sb.  a  spade. — Craven  Arms;  Bishop's  Castle;  Clun  ; 
Clee  Hells  ;  Corye  Dale  ;  Ludlow. 

SPITTLE-TBEE,  sb.  the  handle  of  a  spade.— J&t(f.     See  Tree  (2). 

SPLATTDEBS  [splau'dur'z],  sh.  pi.  balls  of  ironstone  as  big  as  a 
man's  hand,  and  as  smootn  as  ^lass — *  sliken '  was  the  term  employed 
by  the  miner  in  describing  their  appearance :  they  are  found  in  the 
Blue  -F/a^.— COLLIBBY ;  M.  T. 

SPLEEBT  [splee'ni'],  adj.  hasty ;  irritable  ;  quarrelsome. — Wem. 

' yet  I  know  her  for 

A  spleeny  Lutheran ;  and  not  wholesome  to 

Our  cause '— ^.  Henry  Vlll.y  III.  ii.  99. 

SPLOTHEB  [splodh'ur'],  v.  n.  to  *  make  much  ado  about  nothing.' 
— Cluk  ;  Whttchuroh  ;  Ellesmere.  *  Oud  yore  nize,  whad  bin'ee 
splutterin'  an'  splotherin*  about  ? — it  maks  me  far  sick  to  'ear  yo.' 

DZ>  2 


404  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK« 


SPLOTHBK-FOOTED,  ar(;.  splay-footed.— Shbkwsbxjbt.  Cfl  Wattle 
footed, 

SPOIL  [spweil  corr.  spwa'-yl],  bK  *  debris/  as  from  excaTations, 
taken  dovm  building,  &c. — ^Bishop's  Castle  ;  Cluk.  *  TheeiHl  be 
a  sight  o'  apwile  to  nd  away  w*ea  the  ohurcb  is  took  down ;  ifU  do 
capital  to  fill  up  the  'ollow  between  an'  the  Church  Bemk,'— ssid 
with  reference  to  Clan  Church  [1875].  Cf.  G^e.  See  W  (4)  in 
Grammar  Outllnea  (conwnanU,  ftc). 

SPOKE  [spoa*k],  sb.  talk;  conversatioiL — Shrewsbubt.  'I  hanna 
*ad  no  »poke  Mth  'im  about  it,  so  I  canna  tell  whad  'e  manes  to  do.* 

SPOOVTLE  [spoon-tl],  sb,  a  spoonful  Qy.  com.  'Dear  'eait 
alive  !  'ow  scace  barm  is — ^I'ye  bin  aU  round  the  parish,  an'  canoA 
get  a  spddntle,*  See  *  Nouns  compounded  with  -ml'  in  Orammar 
Outlines,  p.  ttWW, 

SPOT,  (1)  sb.,  pee.  a  drop;  a  small  quantity  of  liquid, — *theer3 
o'ny  a  spot  lef ; ' — *  *ere  drink  this  spot*    Com. 

(2}  V,  n.  to  faU  in  large,  heavy  drops,  as  rain  does,  in  a  pre- 
monitory kind  of  way,  sometimes.  Com.  *  Yo'd*n  better  stop  weer 
yo*  bin  a  bit,  fur  I  doubt  it*s  gwein  to  rain.'  *  Aye,  if  s  beginnin'  to 
spat  now,  an'  theet's  thunder  about,  an'  I  dunna  want  to  be  Icetcht  in 
a  posh  o'  wet,  so  1 65nna  start — ^nod  yet  'owever.' 

SPO'rrJLNO,  part.  adj.  falling  in  drops :  said  of  rain, — 'it's  spottin' 
o'  rain.'    Com. 

SPOTTLK    See  Spatfle  (1). 

SPOTTT-BOAI),  sb.  same  as  Cangit,  q.  v. — ^PuLVBRBi^TOH,  Arseott, 
Longden,  &0.    M.  T. 

SPEAD  [spr'ad*],  pret.  and  pari,  past,  spread.— Pulverbatch.  Qj- 
com.  *  They'n  sprad  the  Hme  despert  thin  o'  the  'arp-leasow— t^ 
as  much  5M  a  done  it  no  'arm.' 

*  Thi  body  apra<2  theron  was, 
Fore  our  syn  sake.' 

John  Audelay's  Poemsj  p.  57. 

'If  oon  seyde  wel,  another  seyde  the  same ; 
So  spradae  of  hir  heigh  bountee  the  fame.' 

CHAtrcEB,  E.  418  (Six-tezt  ed.),  Skeat 
Cf.  Sprod. 

SPRADE  [spr'ai'd],  t;.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  spread.  Qy.  com.  'This 
butter  's  aumust  too  'ard  to  Mrade.^ 

'  A.S.  sprcedan;  O.Du.  spreden;  O.H.GkmL  spreUan,  to  spread.'— 
Stbat.    Cf.  Sprede. 

8PEADES  [spr'ai'dur*],  sb.  the  staff  of  wood  which  holds  out  the 
chains  of  team-horses,  and  prevents  them  galling  their  sides.— 
PuLVEBBATOH.    Qy,  oom.    C£  Stret-ata£f. 

SPEAO  [spr'ag-],  (1)  t;.  n.  to  bulge,  as  in  giving  way :  said  of  walk 
— Cleb  HiUiS.  <  That  owd  wall  561  be  down,  it  sprags  out  most 
demendous.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   405 

'Dan.  apraga;  Swed.  sprakuy  to  crack.' — Strat. 

(2J  V,  a.  to  prop. — ^Wem.  *  Yo'  mun  tak*  a  balk  o'  timber  an'  sprag 
up  tnat  walL' 

(S)  V.  a.  to  prop  the  coal  while  the  men  are  *  holing. '  Com.  M.  T. 
See  Hole. 

(4)  »b  a  short  wooden  prop  used  by  the  *  holers '  to  support  the 
ooal  while  they  are  at  work.  Com.  M.  T.  '  The  Mining  Kegulation 
Act'  of  1873  requires  that  the  spraga  shall  not  be  more  than  6  ft. 
apart.    Of.  Gib  (1).    See  Bondsmen. 

(5)  V.  n.  to  jerk :  said  of  horses  drawing  in  a  team. — ^Weic  '  That 
cowt  does  nuthin*  but  iprag  Veer  'e  is,  we  mun  piit  'im  i'  the  pin.' 
See  Pin. 

8PBEDE  [spr'ee'd],  v.  a.  and  v,  n,  to  spread. — ^Clun. 

*  pe  blostme  ginne)'  si»inge  and  aprede 
Bot^e  in  treo  and  ek  on  mede.' 

Owl  and  Nightingale^  1.  437. 

Dan.  apredCf  to  spread,    See  Sprade. 

SPBEVT,  SPSUHT  [spr'en-t],  Ellksmerk.  [spr'unt],  Pulvbkbatoh; 
WoBTHEN,  sb.  a  sudden  start  or  spring.  *I  wuz  joggin'  quietly 
alung  w'en  tiie  mar'  gid  a  $prunt  an'  throwed  me  rignt  o'er  'er  yed.' 
As  a  verb  this  word  appears  in  both  forms  in  the  early  writers : — 

*  the  greene  Knight  his  head  yp  hent, 
into  bis  saddle  wightilye  he  aprenV 

The  Grene  Knight,  1.  194.    Percy  Folio  M8.,  Toh  ii. 
p.  65,  ed.  Hales  and  FumiyalL 

*  See  this  sweet  simpering  babe. 
Sweet  image  of  thyself;  see,  how  it  eprunU 
With  joy  at  thy  approach.' 

Ben  Jonson,  Devil  w  an  A$$,  in  Wedg. 

SPSIHOE  [spr'iig-l,  (1)  V,  n.  to  bound;  to  spring. — Shrewsburt; 
PuLYEBBATCH.     'The  duld  nearly  epringed  off  my  lap.' 

•O.Fr.  Eepringer,  espringier,  .  .  .  sauter;  de  I'ahal.  epringan, 
m^me  signification.' — Bub. 

(2)  sb.  a  sudden,  acute  throb  of  pain,  as  of  a  toothache,  a  gather- 
ing, &c. — Shbewsbttbt;  Pulyebbatoh.  Qy.  com.  *My  tuth  gid 
sich  a  springe,* 

SPBIHOEE  [spr'ing'arH,  sh  a  rod  used  in  thatching  stacks. — 
Ellesmebe.    Langland  has  *  spring '  in  the  sense  of  *  rod ' : — 

*  "  Who-eo  spareth  >>e  sprynge  •  spiUeth  his  children." ' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  t.  1.  41. 
See  below. 

SPSIHOIiE  [spr'ing'l],  (1)  ah.  a  twig;  a  small  branch. — Pulveb- 
BATOH.  '  The  robin's  singm'  o'  the  very  topmust  springle  o'  the  plum- 
tree.' 

*  Sprynge,  of  a  tre  orplante«-    Planta,  planitUa,* — Prompt  Parv. 
'  A.Sax.,  O.Sax.,  O.H.Germ.  spring,  spring,  planta.* — Stbat. 


406  SHROPSHIKB  WORD-BOOK. 

(2)  same  as  Springer,  aboTo.— Ludlow  ;  Eliasxbbx,  Wdikamfk/h. 
Ct  liUg  (3). 

BPJLDiQ  0*  THE  TBAB,  phr.  the  season  of  spring.    Com. 

8PB0D  [spr'odl,  P^^^'  and/wr^.  past,  spread. — Clun  ;  Whitchubch- 
•  We  bin  spradin*  the  muck  o*  the  squar*  meadow,  we  tprod  it  o'  the 
other  isterd'y.*    Of.  SpnuL 

SPEOZB,  SPSITZB  [spr'oa-z],  Weil  [spr'ooz],  Church  Stbkttos, 
eb,  a  fuss ;  a  stir ;  an  agitation.  '  Well,  I  duxina  mind  tellin*  yo*  a^  I 
'eard  they  'ad*n  notice  to  lave  the  fium,  but  dunna  yo*  go5  an'  mak*  a 
9proze  about  it,  fur  I  amma  sartin.*     Of  Sprouze,  in  Hat.. 

SP&VHT.    See  Sprent 

SPUDS  [spud'z],  sb.  pL  potato^ets. — Bishop's  Castle;  Cluv. 

SPUBI'S  [spur'n-z],  th,  ^d.  spreading  roots  of  trees. — Much  Wbnixxtk. 

' .    .    •    and  their  root 
With  long  and  mighty  9puTn»  to  grapple  with  the  land, 
As  nature  would  £ive  said,  ^ey  shall  for  eyer  stand.' 

Dbayton'8  Polyolbion  [A.D.  1613—1622],  xxiL  p.  HW, 
in  Narea. 

Shakespeare  has  9pur$  in  the  same  sense : — 

' the  strong-based  promontory 

Have  I  made  shake  and  by  the  Jpi^ra  plock'd  up 
The  pine  and  oedar.' — Tempest,  v.  i.  47. 

SOVAVDEBBD  [skwaan-dur*d],  part,  past,  dispersed.— Pulto- 
batgh.  Qy.  com.  *  It  seems  no  time  sence  they  wun  all  little 
childem  runnin'  about  together,  an'  now  they  bin  growed  into  n^ 
an*  women,  an'  MuamUred  up  an'  down  the  ooontry,  an'  the  poor  otu 
folks  bin  lef  to  tharselres.' 

*  •    •    and  other  yentures  he  hath  equandered  abroad.' 

Merchant  of  Venice,  L  iii.  22. 

SftlTABES  [skwaa'r'z],  sb.  pi,  hollow  squares  of  iron  ayengiog 
about  six  inches  deep,  used  to  hold  the  ooal  on  the  '  skips.'  *  OooB' 
M.  T.    See  Skip. 

SQUASH  [skwash],  v.  a.  to  crush.  Com.  *  The  wench  'as  squatii^ 
one  'afe  o'  the  fruit  I  p&t  *er  to  gether.' 

'  And  thus  some  of  them  halfe  dead,  as  being  equaehed  with  bag^ 
weightio  stones,  or  shot  into  the  breast  with  darts  and  arrowes,  Uj 
tumbling  upon  the  ground.' — Ammianus  Marcellinus,  1609,  in  Wb. 

SftUASHT,  aiij.  soft ;  watery,  as  of  fruit,  &c     Com. 

SQUAT  [skwat],  (1)  adj,  stumpy;  short,  as  compared  with 
breadth, — *  'Ow  equcU  it  looks ! '— CoRVB  Dale. 

' .  .  .  a  little,  wise-looking,  equat,  upright,  jabbering  body  of  & 
taUor.'— BoBEBT  Burns,  Leitere^  p.  530. 

(2)  adj.  close ;  quiet, — *  keep  equat  theer.'— LuDLOW.    Of  Q^ 

SQUAWK  fskwau-k],  (1)  r.  «.  to  squeal,  as  children  do,—'  'ow  them 
childem  diin  9quatvk  ! '    Qy.  com. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  407 

(2^  V,  n.  to  croak ;  to  make  any  diflcordant  noise.    Qy.  com.     '  I 
'eara  a  noud  to&d  8quawkin\* 

SftTJEDOE  [skwej-l,  pret  &udpart,  pasty  squeezed. — Shrewsbury  ; 
PuLYERBATCH.  Qv.  com.  *  It's  downright  disagreeable  to  shake 
'ands  56th  Will, — ^^e  »^iudgt  my  'and  tul  the  jints  cracked.'  Cf. 
Squoze. 

SftUEEZE-CEAB,  «&.  a  person  of  shrank  and  withered  appearance, — 

*  a  regular  owd  «gii«eze-cra6.'— Worthbn. 

SQUELCH,  SftDENCH  [skwel-sh],  Pulverbatoh.  [skwen-shl,  Wbm, 
v.  a.  to  allay  thirst ;  to  quench.  *  'ftye  a  dish  o'  warm  tay,  it'll  9qwHch 
yore  thirst  oetter  than  anythin'.' 

'Petche  pitch  and  flaxe,  and  tgumch  iV—Firii  Pari  of  the  Con- 
ientUm,  p.  69,  in  Hal. 

MUELT  [skwel't],  v.  a,  to  beatj  ta  pommel. — Ludlow.  Mr. 
Wright  gives  '  iqudt  *  as  a  Leicestershire  word,  in  the  same  sense. 

SQTJELTDfO,  sb.  a  sound  beating, — "e  gid  /im  a  reglar  good 
aqueltin*,* — Ibid, 

SttUJJfE  [skw'ei'n],  t?.  n.  to  squint. — Oswbstbt. 

'  Lear,  I  remember  thine  eyes  well  enough.    Dost  thou  squiny  at 
me  P  •— Z:  Lear,  IV.  yi  140. 
C£  Olyde  (1). 

8ttVnrrER-PIP  [skwintur*  pip],  eh.  Herb  Robert.— Pulverbatoh, 
Arac«U,    See  Dragon'a-bloocL 

SftUILT  [skwil-t],  (1)  $b,  a  speck;  a  blemish :  used  with  reference 
to  the  skm,  and  always  in  the  negative  form, — *  the  child's  never  'ad 
a  BquiU  on  'er.'    Qy.  com. 

(2)  <5.  a  very  small  quantity,  as  one  would  say,  a  speck, — 'jest 
the  laist  equxU  o'  puddin .' — ^Pxtlverbatoh.    Qy.  com. 

SQUITCH  [skwich-],  (\)  ab.  Couch-grass. — Newport.     See  Sontoh. 

(2)  «6.  a  light,  flexible  stick  or  rod.    Qy.  com. 

(3)  V,  a,  to  lash  with  such  a  rod.    Qy.  com. 

SQurrrOCK  [skwit'uk],  sb.  a  small  quantity.  —  Pulverbatoh. 
'  Pve  bin  all  round  the  parish  'untin'  barm,  an'  I  canna  get  a  equittock^, 

BftVOZE  [skwoa'z],  j)re^.  and  part,  jn^rst,  squeezed. — Newport.  '  Cf. 
Squedge. 

8B0DE.    See  Shrewd. 

STAG,  sb.  a  yearling  turkey-cock. — Shrbwsburt;  Cleb  Hills;  Wem. 

STAOOE&Ul  0-BOB,  sb.  a  very  young  calf,  slaughtered. — ^Pulver- 
batoh. Qy.  com.    *  Wusf  ee  mane  by  'aithen  [heathen !]  vale,  Dick  P ' 

*  Wy  that  cauve  never  'eard  the  Church-bells,  Pll  swar — I  canna  bar 
gtaggerin*'hob.'    See  Slink- veal. 

BTAOOEBS  [stag-ur'zl,  sb.pl.  strong,  well-grown  thorn-bushes,  holly- 
bushes,  &c.,— cropped  for  hedgerow  purposes^taken  up  by  the  roots 


408  BHROPSHI&K  WORD-BOOK. 

and  replanted,  sometimee  to  make  a  new  fence,  but  more  freqnenliy 
to  fill  up  gape  in  an  old  one. — Pulyerbatch  ;  Wkluxotok  ;  Wem  ; 
OswESTBY.  Qy.  com.  *  Dun  ^o'  think  that  iiagger^fence  ool  grow?' 
'It  mun  see  o*er  another  Chns* mas-Day  afore  I  can  tell;  I  dmmft 
Hke  to  see  staggers  sprout  out  too  soon — ^tiiiey  canna  sprout  an'  root' 
'  1793.  Deer.  13---Begun  to  repair  our  fences,  which  is  mueh 
wanted.  Bought  a  loi^  of  staggers  from  Nuttree  Bank  to  pat  in 
barren  gapes.' — Bailiff's  Diary,  Aston,  Oswestry.  Byegones^  1877, 
p.  316. 

STAO-WABVUTO,  sb,  a  boys'  game.— Shrewsbury.  See  Bk.  IL, 
Fofklore,  &o.,  'Games.' 

STAIL,  sb,  a  handle,  as  of  a  hay-fork,  broomy  &c.  Com.  See 
Stele. 

STAnUFOOT-HOLE  [staa-r'fut  oal],  ab.  the  place  under  the  staiis, 
which  in  cottages  is  frequently  boarded  in  to  form  a  kind  of  doset^ 
a  general  receptacle  for  odds  and  ends.  Com.  '  Sally,  look  fur  my 
buzgins,  I  warrant  they  bin  i'  tiie  star^/Ut-'ole  Veer  eYerything 
gwuz.' 

STAKED  [stai'ktj,  (1)  adj.  affected  witb  a  painful  tightness  at  the 
chest, caiised by mdigestion. — Pulyerbatch.  'Jack's bad.'  'Whad'a 
the  matter  5oth  'im  P '  '  'E^s  staked:  '  No  55nder,  'e  ahouldna-d-a 
ete  so  much  toasted  cheese.' 

'  The  brest  with  the  stak.    Arch.  xxx.  413,'  in  Hal. 

'  In  the  North  of  France  it  is  said  of  one  killed  or  scYerely  wounded, 
f7  a  eu  son  estoque,  he  has  had  his  belly-ful ;  from  e$toquer,  to  cnm, 
satiate,  "stodge."  Compare  Ital.  stucco,  doyed.'  See  'Gloesaml 
Index '  to  Lancelot  of  the  Laik,  p.  127. 

(2)  adj.  seriously  constipated:  said  of  brute  animals  only.  01 
Steeked. 

STALL    See  Finger-itall. 

STALLED  [stau'ld  and  stan-d],  (1)  part,  pad,  fixed ;  set  fast^  as  of 
a  waggon  on  a  heaYy  road, — '  got  staud  o'  the  bonk.'— Wbllikgton; 
Newport;  Wem. 

'  And  has  all  thing  within  thy  hert  staUii, 
That  may  thy  puth  oppressen  or  defisMle.'    * 

James  I.  of  Scotlamd  (a.d.  1423,  circa) j  The  Kingi9 
Quhair.     Specim.  Eng.  Lit.,  iv.  170. 

Compare  Shakespeare's '«tettec2'  =  set,  fixed. — Xticrece^L1444.  Soand^ 
xxiv.  1.  i. 

_ '  Ohstacula,  wid-steallas,'  occurs  in  Latin  and  Anglo-Saxon  motm^ 
xi.  cent.,  in  Wr.  Yocaba,  yoL  ii.  p.  89. 

'A.Sax.  steall;  O.Fris.,  O.Du.,  O.H.Germ.  etal;  O.IoeL  Mir; 
.  .  .  «<crfio.'— Stbat. 

(2)  part.  adj.  stayed  from  eating  by  being  cloyed  or  satiated,— 
<  the  child  oonna  finiish  the  ptiddin'— 'er's  «(aZ2«d.'— Clbb  Hill& 

'  Or  olio  that  wud  slaw  a  sow.' 

Egbert  Burns,  Poems,  p.  72,  L  2,  c  2. 


QLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   409 

STAHBy  V.  a.,  pec,  to  put ;  to  place, — '  stand  that  stean  o*  the  setless.' 
Com. 

STAHDELF,  sb.,  oba.  a  stone-quarry. — Shrewsbury.     The  following 

*  Note '  is  taken  from  Owen  and  Blakeway's  History  of  Shrewaburv : — 

*  The  word  [standel/']  does  not  occur  in  the  Glossaries,  and  was  perhaps 
peculiar  to  Shrewsbury.  In  some  extracts  from  deeds  of  the  family 
of  Scriven,'  relating  to  lands  in  the  Abbey  Foregate,  is  this  passage : 
**  In  campo  foriete  versus  Beokebury,  altera  versus  le  Whyte  stany- 
del/  terram  spectantem  capelle  Be.  Marie  in  Abbatia  Salop.  30  Ed. 
ni." '— voL  ii  p.  462.    See  Delf. 

STAHK  [stang-k],  (1)  sb.  a  stake;  a  pile. — Shrewsbury;  Pulver- 
BATCH ;  Weh.  '  X  o'  mun  put  tuthree  sianke  i'  the  turn  o'  that  bruck, 
an'  wattle  'em  weU — ^it's  playin'  the  bar  65th  the  meadow.'  *  Flayin* 
the  bar  [bear] '  is  a  phrase  equivalent  te  *  playing  the  deuce ! ' 

'An  inundation  that  orebeanr  the  banks 
And  bounds  of  all  religion ;  if  some  aiancke 
Shew  their  emergent  neads,  like  Seth's  famed  stone, 
Th'  are  monuments  of  thy  devotion  gone.' 

Flktcher's  Poema,  p.  167,  in  Nares. 

'  Of.  O.N.  Btong;  O.H.GFerm.  stanga,  a  bar,  stalE,  pole,'  in  Wedg. 

(2^  V,  a,  to  tether ;  to  tie  to  a  stake.— Pulverbatch  ;  Welunoton. 
'Tod'n  better  stank  that  cauve  i'  the  edgrow,  else  it'll  mess  more 
than  it  ates.' 

(3)  V.  a:  to  mark  out  with  stakes  the  limits  of  any  ground  intended 
for  indosure.— Shrewsbury  ;  Pulyerbatoh;  Worthen;  Wem. 
'  They'n  stanked  out  the  scoot  w'eer  they  bin  gwein  to  build  the  new 
school-'us.' 

(4)  V.  a.  to  shore  up  with  stakes,  as  of  the  bank  of  a  stream, — 
Pulyerbatoh  ;  WEixmoTON.  '  Whad  a  pity  they  dimna  stank  up 
that  bonk,  the  bruck's  tarrin'  [tearing]  that  good  meadow  deepertly. 

(6)  V.  a.  to  dam. — ^Pulverbatch;  Ludlow.  'Stank  the  prill  up 
as  theer  may  be  some  waiter  for  the  gis.' 

'  And  stanck  up  the  salt  conducts  of  mine  eyes. 
To  watch  thy  shame,  and  weep  mine  obsequies.' 

Fletcher's  Foemsy  p.  154,  in  HaL 

(6)  sb.  a  dam. — ^Pulvbrbatch  ;  Bredonorth  ;  WELLiNGToif .  *  I 
see  they'n  cut  sods  out  o'  the  meadow  an'  made  a  stank  across  the 
bruck,  now  we  shanna  '&ve  a  spot  o'  clier  waiter  afore  momin'.' 

*  And  thane  Alexander  and  hys  oste  went  alle  aboute  that  ryvere, 
and  come  tiUe  this  forsaid  sianke,  and  luged  thame  aboute  it.' — M8, 
Lincoln,  A.  i.  17,  f.  28,  in  ELal. 

Bailev— ed.  1782 — ogives  *  A  Stank^  a  Dam  or  Bank  to  stop  Water,' 
as  a  *  North  Country^ word. 

8TABE  [staeV],  sb,  Stumus  tndgari,  common  Starling. — Church 
Stretton. 

'  The  aitare  wvl  chatre  and  speke  of  long  usage. 
Though  in  ms  speohe  ther  oe  no  greet  resoun.' 

Ltdoate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  150. 


410  SHBOPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'"StumuB,  a  stare,"  MS.  Arand.  249,  f.  90.  <<Staaie  a  bjrda, 
eitoumeaux"  Palsgrave,'  in  Hal. 

*A.Sax.  BtcBr;  O.Ioel.  start,  stare;  sturntu.' — Stbat. 
Gf.  Steer  (2). 

STABS  [staa'r'zl  sb.  pL,  var.  pr.  stairs.  Com.  'My  daoghtei 
brought  the  bed  down  *ere,  Ma'am,  'er  said  'er  oonldna  be  comfort- 
able onless  'er  did, — I  might  fall  throm  the  stars,  'er  said,  an'  if  I  did 
it  55d  be  a  long  way  fur  me  to  faU  'edlungs.'  Thus  a  poor  woman 
explained  how  it  came  about  that  her  bed  was  in  her  liTing-room. 

STABT  [staaVtl,  v.  a.,  pec.  to  dispatch ;  to  send  away.  Com. 
^  I'm  gwe in  to  Sosebry  to  start  a  ampot  to  poor  Jack,  'e  6dnna  think 
it's  like  Chris'mas  if  'e  dunna  get  summat  throm  wham.' 

STAKTE.    See  Clem. 

STEAH  [stee-n  aTid  stai-n],  Com.  [sti'h'nl  (obsols,),  PuLvraBATCH, 
sb,  a  deep  earthen  vessel  used  for  various  household  and  dairy  pur- 
poses. *  I  bought  a  right  good  weahin'  stean  fiir  a  shillin' — should  a 
'ad  to  gie  more  i'  Sosebry,  on'y  the  mon  said  'e  didna  want  to  carry  it 
back.' 

*  Two  cream  steens,* — Auctioneer's  CcAalogue  (Stoddesden),  1870. 

'  >ar  ys  also  whyt  dey  &  reed,  for  to  make  of  crokkes  &  steenes^ 
o)>er  vessel.'— John  op  Tbbvisa  (a.d.  1387),  DescriptUm  of  Britain, 
Specim.  of  Early  Eng.,  xviii.  a.  L  46. 

'  Upon  an  huge  great  Earth-pot  steane  he  stood, 
From  whose  wide  mouth  there  flowed  forth  the  Bomane  Plood.' 

SpsarsEB,  F.  Q.,  Bk,  VII.  c.  viL  ft  xliL 
See  Spigot-steaxL 

STEDSTAFF  [stedstaf],  same  as  Sprider,  q. ▼.--Clee  Hills.  Ct 
Stret8tai£ 

STEEKEDy  same  as  Staked  (2),  q.  t. — ^Newport. 

STEESXE  [stee-kl],  t^.  a.  to  kill ;  to  <  settle.'— Whitchurch.  '  *£ 
steekled  the  rot  i'  no  time.' 

STEEP  fstee-p],  (1)  sb.  rennet — so  called  from  being  steeped  or 
soaked  Before  it  is  put  into  the  milk. — Ellebmerb. 

Bandle  Holme  gives  *  Runnet  or  Sietp,*  amongst  |  Terms  used  by 
Dairy  People.' — Academy  of  Armory ,  Bk.  m.  ch.  viii.  p.  335. 

Pegge  has  *  Steep,  rennet    Lane'    See  ICiawskin. 

(2)  adj.  lofty ;  proud. — ^PuLVERBATOH.     *  'E's  a  mighty  «fe«p  cbap 
is  young  '6odcock.'    Layamon  has  '  moni  steap  mon.' — ^L  1532. 
'A.Ssuc  steap;  O.Fris.  stdp,  steep,  o/^tM.'— Strat. 

STEEB  [stee'hY],  (1)  «fe.  an  ox  under  three  years  of  age.— Bishop'b 
Castle;  Clun. 

* .  .  .  eleven  heef ers^  foure  steares,  one  bull.' — Inventory  .  .  ,  Owl- 
bury  Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 

'  Aboute  his  char  ther  wenten  white  alaunts, 
Twenty  and  mo^  as  grete  as  eny  steer,* 

Chaucer,  The  Knightes  Tale^  1.  1291,  ed.  Monis. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   411 

*  Hcut.  "KLj  lord,  our  army  is  dispereed  already  : 
Like  youthful  steers  unyoked,  they  take  their  courses 
East,  west,  north,  south.'— 2  K.  Henry  IV.,  IV.  ii.  103. 

'  Juvencus  is  a  yonge  oxe  whan  he  is  no  longer  a  calf,  and  he  is 
then  callyd  a  steere  whan  he  begynneth  to  be  helpfull  unto  the  profit 
of  man  in  eringe  the  erth.* — Dialogues  of  Creatures  Moralysed,  p.  228, 
in  Hal. 

'AnntculuSt  vel  trio,  steor-oxa,'  and  Juvencw,  vel  vitula,  steor,* 
occur  in  Archbp.  ^l/ric*s  Vocabulary,  x.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  i. 
p.  23. 

'A.Sax.  steor ;  OM.0term.  stior ;  Goth,  stiur,  steer;  juvencus.' — 
Stbat.    Of.  Stirk  (1). 

(2)  sb.  the  Starling.  Oom.  In  the  Churchwardenif  Accounts  of 
S.  Mary's,  Shrewsbury,  for  the  year  1584,  is  the  following  entry, — 
*  For  hontinge  steeres  out  of  the  churche,  and  polynge  downe  ther 
nystes  at  the  same  tyme,  y^^'    See  Stare. 

BTELCH  Fstel-shj,  (1)  sb,,  obsoU.  stealth. — ^Pulvbrbatch.  'If  the 
Maister  didna  gie  'mi  the  turmits,  'e  got  'em  by  stekh,  fur  'e  'ad  'em, 
an'  tumped  'em.' 

(2)  sb.  the  post  to  which  cattle  are  tied  in  the  staU. — ^Pulyerbatoh  ; 
Glee  Hills.    See  Boosey-stake. 

STELE  [stee'l],  sb.  a  long  handle,  same  as  Stail,  q.  v. — Ludlow, 
Burfori;  Newpobt. 

'  And  lemed  men  a  ladel  bugge  *  with  a  longe  steW 

Piers  PI,  Text  B.,  pass.  xix.  1.  274. 

*  And  in  his  hand  an  huge  Polaxe  did  beare. 
Whose  sUale  was  yron-studded,  but  not  long.' 

SFBI7SEB,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  Y.  c.  xiL  st.  xir. 

*  Stele,  or  stert  of  a  yesselle.    Ansa,* — Prompt  Parv, 
'A. Sax.,  O.Du.  stele,  steal;  scapus,  manubrium.' — Stbat. 

STEV  [sten*],  same  as  Sprader,  q.  v. — Whitchurch.  C£  O.Fr. 
utendre;  Lat.  eoctendere,  to  extendi 

STEHT,  sb.  an  allotted  portion,  as  of  work  to  be  done  in  a  giyen 
time, — *  that's  yore  stent.^ — ^Wellington  ;  Oollieby. 

<  Erythius,  that  in  the  cart  ^ste  went. 
Had  euen  nowe  attaynde  his  ioumeyes stent* 

Thomas  Sacktille  (a.d.  1563),  The  Mirrourf&r 
Magistrates.    Specim.  Eng.  Lit,  xjdy.  6. 

STEB  fste'St'  =  stair'],  sb.  a  star. — Pulvbrbatch.  Qy.  com.  *  It's 
lef  of  rainin'  an'  the  sters  bin  quite  bright' 

* .    .    .    "I  wil  here  witnesse, 
pat  I'O  )>is  bame  was  ybore  *  |>ere  biased  a  sterre, 
That  alle  ^  wyse  of  ^ns  worlde  '  in  o  witte  acordeden. 
That  such  a  bame  was  borne  -  in  bethleem  Oitee." ' 

Piers  PI,  Text  B.,  pass,  xviii.  1.  231. 

'  We  han  seyn  his  sterre  in  the  eest,  and  we  comen  to  worschipe 
him.' — Matt,  ii  2.    Wicliffite  version— ed.  a.d.  1388. 


412  SHROPSHIRB  WOBD-BOOK. 

« Sterre.     Stella,  Mui.'—Prompt  Parv. 

*A.S.  steorra;  O.Sax.  sterro;  O.K.Q«nxL.  aUrro;  OJoeL  9tiama; 
€k)th.  staimo,  star,  $fella,* — SXBAT. 
See  9uh  voce  H,  p.  190. 

STEW  [schoo*  and  steii'],  8h.,pec.  a  state  of  yezation,  perplexity,  or 
fear, — <  I  waz  in  a  fine  etew,^    Com. 

8TICHE  [stei'ch],  v.  a.  to  set  up ;  to  dispose,  as  of  sbeaves,  &c.,  in 
harvesting  operations, — ^stiche  up  them  beans  i'  rucks.' — ^Atchax; 
Wem. 

'  A.Sax.  etihtan;  Q.Du.  stichten;  Q.H.Germ.  eti/tan,  to  dispose.'— 
Stkat. 

STICK  [stik*],  (1)  eh,,  pec.  a  timber-tree — either  standing  or  felled— 
no  matter  how  large  it  may  be. — Cluw. 

'1770.  forluging4#«ic&«ofTimber.  0  -  6  -  0.'— CAwrcAwanfoii' 
Accounte,  Hopton  Castle  (Salop). 

(2)  V.  a.  to  kill  by  stabbing,  as  of  pigs.    Com. 

'  Thou  &llest,  as  it  were  a  eliked  swyn.' 

Chauoeb,  C.  556  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

*  StyhyrS,  or  slen.    JuguloJ' — Prompt  Parv, 
A.S.  etician,  to  stab,  pierce.    See  Stuoken. 

STICKnrOS,  sb,  pl^y  olmU.  pea-rods. — Much  Wenlock. 

'  1800.  May  5.    Paid  John  WaU  for  Stickinge,  &c.    a  -  2  -  a.'— 
Parish  AecounU,  Much  Wenlock. 
A.S.  sticca,  a  stick,  rod. 

STILL  OIT)  conj.  neyertheless ;  notwithstanding.  Qy.  com.  'I 
toud  'em,  an'  toud  'em  about  latchin'  that  wicket,  an'  still  on  if  s  open 
eyery  time  I  g55  that  way ;  but  111  piit  the  blacksmith's  daughter 
[q.  v.]  to  watch  it.' 

STUf OE  [stin-zli],  eh,  a  grudge.  —  PgLVBRBATCH.  ' I  owed  'im  » 
atinge  sence  'arr5ost,  an'  I  paid  'im  afore  Chns'mas.' 

STDf  KIirO-COAL,  sb.  an  inferior  coal  underlying  the  Penay  stone. 
— Colliery;  M.  T. 

'  The  Stinking-coal  is  noted  for  containing  a  great  proportion  of 
sulphuret  of  iron,  thick  seams  or  layers  of  these  pyiit€«  running  in 
it.  In  consequence  of  this  it  cannot  be  used  for  smelting  purposes.' 
^Notea  on  the  Shropshire  Coal-Field,  by  T.  Pabton,  F.a.S.,  1868. 

STIKKIHO-BOGEB^  eb.  Ballota  nigroy  black  Horehound.— Ellbb- 
m-kre. 

STIBK  [stur'-k],  (1)  sb,  a  yearling  bullock— Bishop's  Castle. 

*  And  should  some  Patron  be  so  kind. 

As  bless  you  wi'  a  kirk, 
I  doubt  na.  Sir,  but  then  we'll  find, 
Ye're  still  as  great  a  Stirk, 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  413 

And  when  ye're  numbered  wi'  the  dead. 

Below  a  grassy  hillock, 
Wi'  justice  they  may  mark  yonr  head — 

**  Here  lies  a  famous  Bulfodc  / '" 

BoBEBT  Burns,  Poems,  p.  30, 1.  35. 

*Juv€neu$y  styrc,'  occurs  in  an  Anglo-Saxon  Vocabulary y  zi  cent., 
in  Wr.  Tocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  78.    Of.  Steer  (1). 

(2)  ib,  a  two-year  old  heifer. — Ellesmebe. 

'  Bucula,  juvenca,  vitidat  stirc,'  is  found  in  an  Anglo-Saxon  Qlostary, 
X.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  ii.  p.  126. 

*  Styrkf  neet  (or  heefer,  P.).     Juvenca.* — Prompt  Parv. 
Jamieson  has  '  Stirk,  Sterh,  a  bullock  or  heifer  between  one  and 

two  years  old.'    A.S.  $tyrc,  atirc,  a  young  homed  beast. 

STnUPTJDBIHO,  sh.  a  dish  made  by  stirring  flour  into  boiling 
milk,  until  it  becomes  a  thick  batter.  It  is  eaten  with  treacle  or 
sugar,  and  is  sometimes  served  with  a  lump  of  butter  upon  it.  Qy« 
com.  A  current  proverbial  saying — *to  eat  stir-pudding  with  an 
awl' — ^is  applied  to  work  attempted  to  be  done  with  unsuitable  tools ; 
*  I  mun  g66  an*  fatch  a  spade,  ifs  no  use  gwe'in'  on  56th  this  mattock, 
as  good  try  **to  ate  stir-puddin*  dSth  an  awl" * 

STITHT  [stidh'i'],  sb.  a  small  anvil  used  by  blacksmiths  for  fashion- 
ing nails  upon.---SHBEW8BnBT ;  Pulveebatch. 

*  As  hit  were  dyntes  of  a  stithi, 
That  smythes  smyten  in  her  8m3rthi.* 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  OolL  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  138, 1.  23238. 

' . and  the  smy  th 

That  forgeth  scharpe  swerdes  on  his  stith,* 

Chatxoee,  The  Knightes  Tale,  I  1168. 

Shakespeare  uses  stithy  in  the  sense  of  a  forge : — 

'  And  my  imaginations  are  as  fool 
As  Vulcan's  stithy  .'—Hamlet,  III.  ii.  89. 

Pegge  has  *  Stithy,  an  anviL    York.' 

*  Incus,  a  smith's  stiddie;    ab  in  et  cudo,^ — Dttnoan's  Appendix 
Etymologic,  A.D.  1595,  E.  D.  S.,  B.  ziii 

*  Stythe,  smythys  instrument.     Incus,* — Prompt,  Parv, 
' O.IceL  ste^i,  stithy,  incus' — Stbat.    See  Study. 

8TIVED  [stei'vd],  part,  pcutty  stifled,  as  by  a  close  oppressive  atmo- 
sphere. Qy.  com.  Stived  is  generally  used  in  combmation  with  up, 
'  A  good  blow  o'  the  'ills  does  one  some  benefit  after  being  stived  up  i 
the  workshop  so  lung.' 

Pegge  has  '  Stived,  almost  suffocated.    Stived-up,  confined  in  a  hot 
place.    North.' 

'  O.Fr.  estivS,  loaden,  or  laden,  as  a  ship.' — Goto. 

SxiViJlOy  part,  adj,  stewing;  stifling, — 'sit  stivin*  i'  the  'oose.' 
Qy.  com. 

STITT  [stei'vi'],  acff.  close ;  hot, — *  'ow  gtivy  this  room  is,  open  the 
window.'    Qy.  com. 


414  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

STOCK  [stok*],  (1)  V.  CL   to  peck. — Pttlybrbatch  ;   Clbe  Hillb. 
.    '  That  sayage  owd  'en  561  kill  idl  theae  young  ducks,  'er  jest  itocks  'em 

o'  the  back,  an'  they  bin  done.* 

'  O.Fr.  eitoc,  eatoch^  esp^ce  d*6p4e  qui  ne  Benrait  qu'  a  percer  .  .  . 

de  I'ahal,  $toch,  stoo,  aujourdhui  stock,  ib.,  de  stican,  peroer.    De  li 

eatocer,  estoehier,  frapper  de  Testoo,  frapper  de  pointe.* — ^BuB.     See 

below. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  stub  up  at  the  roote  with  a  pointed  implement, — '  dodan^ 

up  g(>^*'    Com. 

*The  wild  boar  not  only  spoils  her  branches,  but  tioeJa  up  her 
roots.' — Decay  of  Piety. 

STOCKEB,  sh.  an  implement  used  for  '  stocking '  up  turnips ;  it  has 
two  prongs  and  a  handle  four  feet  long. — Cleb  Hills;  Ludlow. 
Qy.  com. 

<  Turnip  Blocker,  Ac.' — Auctioneer's  Catalogue  (Stoddeeden),  1870. 

STODGE  [stoj*],  (I)  sh.  &  thick,  soft  mass,  as  of  spoon-meat.  Com. 
'  Yo'  shoulden  pfit  more  suppin'  or  less  bread,  it*s  a  complate  stodge.' 

(2)  V.  a.  to  cram ;  to  fill  to  repletion, — '  reg'larly  stodged.'    Com. 

STODGE-FTTLL,  adj.  quite  full ;  full  to  repletion,—'  Vs  gotten  'is 
bally  stodge-ftUl,  any- way.'     Com. 

8T0DOT,  (1)  cuij.  thick, — 'dunna  mak'  the  child's  pap  so  stodgy,' 
Com. 

(2)  adj.  stout ;  fed  up. — ^Pulyerbatoh.  Qy.  com.  '  The  Maister's 
gettm'  quite  stodgy;  senoe  the  lads  bin  growed  up  'e  sayes  'imself 
a  bit.' 

8T0KEH  [stoa'kn],  adj.  stunted  in  growth;  impoyerished  in  con- 
dition :  said  of  animals  that  haye  been  badly  fed  and  attended  to,— 
'a  'ealthy  young  beast,  in  no-ways  stokmJ' — ^Wbm:  Ellesmebs. 
Compare  Germ.  Socken^  to  stop,  to  stagnate.    Cf .  Nuoned. 

STOKES'S-BEIDaE,  sb.  a  stopping-point,— <  Ah !  little  Jack's  come 
to  Stakes' s-bridge,  I  see,'  •'.  e.  has  eaten  as  much  as  he  can,  and  most 
leaye  what  there  is  on  the  plate. — Clee  Kills.    Cf.  Staked  (1). 

STOMACHFTTL,  (1)  adj.  high-spirited;  plucky.  —  Clun ;  Wbm; 
Ellesm^re.  *  'Er's  a  stomach/ul  little  pieoe,  'erll  be  a  match  fiir 
'im  any  day.' 

'  Disdayne  he  called  was,  and  did  disdayne 
To  be  so  cald,  and  who  so  did  him  call : 
Sterne  was  his  looke,  and  full  of  stomache  yayne.' 

Spenseb,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  IL  c.  yiL  si  zlL 

(2)  adj.  prone  to  take  offence ;  resentful. — ^Worthen. 

8T0HBEBED  [stom-bur^d],  part.  adj.  confused, — '  I  got  stomhered 
o'er  it.' — Colliery. 

8T0MBEEIHG,  2^rt.  adj.  walking  in  a  heayy,  stamping,  stumbling 
way.— PuLyERBATCH ;  Wbm.  *  Yo'  gwun  stomherin*  alung  like  some 
foundered  owd  'orse.'    Cf.  Olonterixiff. 


i 


GLOSS  ART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   415 

STOHBEBS,  sb.f  ohsols.  a  term  expressive  of  great  surprise. — 
PuLYERBATCH.     '  It  gid  me  the  etambera  Ven  'e  toud  me.' 

STOCK  [stoo'k],  sb,  a  cluster  of  standing  sheaves,  usually  an  even 
number,  as  six,  eight,  or  ten. — Wem. 

'  Thus  she  stood  amid  the  stookSf 
Praising  Gk>d  with  sweetest  looks.' 

Thomas  Hood,  Eutk. 

Grose  has  '  StooJu.    A  collection  of  sheaves  of  com,  being  ten  set 
up  together,  and  covered  by  two.    N.' 
*Low.Du,  atuke,  stook,  strueaJ — Strat. 
Of  Stuck  (1),  also  Mow  (1).    See  Thrave. 

STOOP  [stou'p  and  stoo'p],  v.  a.  to  tilt  or  incline  a  barrel  so  as  to 

five  a  readier  flow  to  its  contents.    Com.     'Dunna  yo*  stoup  the 
arrel  till  I  come  an'  'elp  yo',  else  we  sha'n  a  the  drink  muddied.' 
•  Stovopyn\     Indino.^ — Prompt,  Parv. 

'  N.  stoypa,  to  cast  down ;  stupa,  to  falL  Sw.  atupa,  to  incline,  to 
lower,  to  laU.     Stupa  en  tunnay  to  tilt  a  cask.' — Wedg. 

STORK,  sb.ypec.  a  hard  frost. — ^Worthen,  Cher  bury,    Cf.  Tempest 

STOSM-BIBDS,  sb.  pi.  Seagulls,  or  other  oceanic  birds. — Ellesherb. 

STOEHCOCK,  (1)  8b,  the  Fieldfare. — Pulverbatch,  Hanwood,  Cf. 
Snowbirds.    See  Fildefare,  also  Shredcock. 

(2)  $b,  the  (Jreen  Woodpecker. — Olun,  TvntcJien,    See  Haihow. 

(3)  ah,  the  Missel-thrush.  —  Oswestry.  See  Thiicecock,  also 
KUsel-bird. 

STOTTE  [stou'k],  ab.  a  handle,  as  of  any  wooden  or  earthenware 
vessel. — Pulverbatch;  Oswestry.    'Whad,  another  jug  crippled! — 
theer's  one  56th  the  nose  off,  an*  another  ddth  the  atouk  off— we  shanna 
'&ve  a  tidy  jug  lef ,  jest  now.* 
Qto8Q  has  '  Siowk,    The  handle  of  a  pail.    N.' 

STOTTL  [sfcou'l],  (I)  sb,  the  stump  of  a  copse  or  hedgewood  tree  cut 
down  nearlv  to  the  ground,  and  occasionally  springing  forth  anew. 
Com.  *  Nobody  o6d  think  that  Coppy  wuz  fell  mree  'ear  ag6d,  every 
atoul  *s  send  up  sich  a  lot  o'  sprouts,  yo'  canna  *ardly  get  through  it.' 

"*To  go  a  stooling,  signifies  to  be  employed  in  woods,  generally 
without  the  owner's  leave,  in  cutting  up  such  decayed  atooU,  or 
stumps,  or  moots  for  fuel" — M8,  Devon.  01,,''  in  Hal. 

'  Lat.  atoht'nia,  a  shoot,  sucker.' — Wedg. 

(2)  V.  n.  to  ramify,  as  of  young  com. — Shrewsbttry  ;  Atoham  ; 
Wellingtok  ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmere.  Qy.  com.  *  It  inna  begun  to 
atoul  yit,  but  gie  it  time  an'  if  11  shak'  'onds ' :  said  of  winter  wheat 
looking  very  poor. 

'  I  worked  very  hard  in  the  copse  of  young  ash  .  .  .  cutting  out 
the  saplings  where  they  atooUd  too  close  together.' — B.  D.  Black- 
MORE,  Lorna  Doone,  A  Bomance  of  Exmoor,  p.  230.  ed.  1878. 

Cf.  Gather. 

STEABEBBT  [str'ai'br'i'],  sb,,  obsols.  a  strawberry.— Pulverbatch  ; 
Bridokorth. 


416  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

*  The  3yiig  greyn  blomyt  itraherry  levja  amaiig/ 

GAwm  Douglas  (a.d.  1513),  Prol.  of  the  XII.  Buk  of 
Eneado$,    Specim,  Eng,  JM.,  ziiL  1.  120. 

'  Hoc  dragumy  A'  strabery/  occnrs  in  an  English  VocdbuLary,  xy. 
cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  toL  i.  p.  192. 

STRABESET-WntES,  ah,  pl^  ohsols,  strawbeny-runneis. — Pulyeb- 
BATCH ;  Bbedonorth.  *  Well,  John,  now  'arrSoet  's  o'er,  I  'ope  yo'n 
get  a  bit  o'  time  i'  the  garden — ^the  strib^ry-wirts  bin  all  acroes  the 
alley,  somebody  551  be  breakin'  thar  neck  some  o'  these  days.'  See 
Wires. 

STEA7E  r8tr'ai*f],  (1)  ah.  a  stray  animaL — Pqlverbatch  ;  Cobvk 
Dale;  Clee  'SnAA\  Much  Wbnlock;  Wellikotok;  Oswestry. 
'  Theer's  a  nice  yerlm  'eifer  i'  the  lane,  as  I  spect's  a  atrafe;  p&t  *er 
i'  the  croft,  be'appen  somebody  551  own  'er  jest  now.' 

*  weyues  and  streytbea,^ — PievB  PI,,  ProL  L  94. 

(2)  9b,  a  worthless  kind  of  feUow. — Coryb  Dale;  Clee  Hills. 
<  Well,  owd  strafe,  Veer'sf  ee  bin  ? ' — said  to  a  man  who  had  left  his 
work  without  notice,  and  then  returned  to  it 

STEAIGHT-GEOWED,  adj,  well  formed  in  figure,  —  'tall  an' 
straight-growed,'    Qy.  com. 

STEAKE,  8TE0KE  [str'ai-kl,  Craven  Arms  ;  Church  STRffiroK. 
[str'oa'k],  Pulyerbatch.  [struck*],  Wem;  Ellbsmerb,  sh.  a  sec- 
tion of  the  iron  band  that  encompasses  the  wheel  of  a  cart  or 
waggon ;  it  is  usually  two  feet  in  length,  and  about  half  the  width 
of  a  large  strong  wheel:  supposing  flierefore  such  a  wheel  to  be 
three  feet  in  circumference,  it  would  require  six  strokes  to  go  roaad 
about  it. 

*  CanthuSf  the  iron  wherewith  the  cart  wheel  is  bound,  the  stroke  of 
a  cart.' — Diet,  Etym.  Lot, 

*  The  Stroke  is  the  Iron  Bim  about  the  Felloes.' — Academy  of  Armory, 
Bk.  in.  ch.  iiL  p.  332. 

STEAHMEL.     See  Sorammel. 

8TEENTH  [str^en*th],  ah,  a  term  used  to  denote  working  power  in 
the  number  or  capabilities  of  the  labourers. — Pxtlverbatoh.  Qy* 
com.  '  I  dunna  know  'ow  'e  manes  to  get  'is  'arrftost  in,  w'y  'e's  got 
no  strenth  about  'im — that  owd  mon  aumust  in  'is  two-double,  an' 
them  two  or  three  lads  'ill  be  noVeer.' 

STEET  [str'et*],  adj,  tight. — ^Pulvbrbatch  ;  Ellbsvbrb.  *  Yo'  man 
put  that  cheese-fillet  on  as  sitret  as  yo'  can  get  it,  else  the  cheese  11 
bulge.' 

'  Streythe  (streyt).    Artus,^ — Prompt,  Parv,    See  Strett«ii. 

STEET-STAFF    [street- stu'f],    same   as    Sprader,  q.  t.— Wbm. 

'The  Strett  Staffs  ia  the  Staffe  fixed  between  the  Chains  or  Bopea 
to  keep  them  from  gauling  the  Horse  sides.' — Academy  of  Armory, 
Bk.  in.  ch.  Tiii.  p.  339. 

Stret'Staff  =  stretch-^staff,  or  else  straU-staff,  See  Btret,  aboTa 
Of.  Stadrtafl: 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  417 

STBETTEH  [str'et-n],  v.  a.  to  tighten.  —  Pulverbatch;  Wbm; 
Ellesmbre.  '  The  saokin*  o'  this  bed  wants  stret^nin\  an*  we  man 
ttretten  it  afore  it's  made  up.' 

*  Streytyn*,  or  make  streyte.    Arto.* — Prompt.  Parv. 

8TSICBXE  [str'ik'l],  sh.,  oha.  a  wooden  implement  for  striking  off 
an  even  measure  of  com. — Pulverbatch. 

^Hoc  oBorium,  a  strikylle/  occurs  in  a  NomincUe,  xv.  cent,  in  Wr. 
Tocaba,  vol.  i.  p.  233. 

Mr.  Wright  explains  it  as  '  A  strickle,  or  piece  of  wood  for  levelling 
the  com  in  the  measure.' 

See  Swoggle. 

STSIGBZiESS  [str'ik'li's],  same  as  above.— Glee  Hills. 

*  The  StricMes  is  a  thmg  that  goes  along  with  the  Measure,  which 
is  a  straight  Board,  with  a  Staff  fixed  in  the  side,  to  draw  over  Com 
in  measureing,  that  it  exceed  not  the  height  of  the  Measure.  Which 
measureing  is  termed  Wood  and  Wood/ — Academy  of  Armory y  Bk« 
III.  ch.  viu.  p.  337.    See  below. 

8TBIKE  [str'ei'k],  (1)  v,  a,,  oha.  to  level  the  com  to  the  top  of  the 
measure  with  the  '  etrickless/ — Glee  Hills. 

*  **  It*s  an  ye  wed  the  nut-brown  girl, 
m  heap  gold  with  my  hand ; 
But  an  ye  wed  fair  Annet, 
rU  eirike  it  with  a  wand." ' 

Lord  Thomaa  and  Fair  Anntt,  in  Peboy's 
Beliquee. 

'A.Sax.  striean;    O.Du.  striken;   O.H.Germ.  stricken,  to  strike, 
stringere,  radere,  caedere.* — Strat. 
See  below ;  also  Struoken. 

(2)  sb.  a  bushel  measure ;  a  bushel :  so  called,  it  would  seem,  from 
the  usage  of  striking  off  the  measure  of  com  evenly.    Ooul 

*  The  Come,  Imprimis,  twenty  strikes  of  Bye,  fowreteene  &  forty 
strikes  more,  two  bushells  of  barly,  twent^r-six  bushells  of  oatee,  Bye 
xmthrasht.  Bye  upon  the  grownd,  Ij"  ix*  iiyd*.'  —  Inventory  •  .  . 
Owlbury  Manor-Blouse,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 

'Winff,  cartnaue  and  bush^,peck,  strike  readie  hand.' — Tusser, 
Hushanalie  furniture,  p.  35,  ed.  E.  D.  S. 

'  Some  men  and  women,  rich  and  nobly  borne, 
Gkive  all  they  had  for  one  poore  strifee  of  come.' 

Taylor's  Workes,  1630, 1  15,  in  Hal. 

'  A  Measure,  an  Hoop,  or  a  8trick,  is  4  Pecks,  or  9  Qullons.  Yet 
some  reckon  but  8  gallons  to  the  Measure,  which  in  some  places  is 
also  called  a  Bushel' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  viii.  p.  337. 

See  Weights  and  Measutes,  p.  Ixxxv. 

f3)  V.  a.  to  move,  as  with  a  lever, — *  Vy  oonna  yo'  strike  it  a  bit  ? ' 
— ULEB  Hills. 

BTEDTE,  sh.  a  water-channel. — Wellington;  Newport.  The 
strines  on  the  Weald -moors  receive  all  the  smaller  drains  as 
tributaries. 

E  E 


418  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

STRIP,  V.  a.  to  draw  the  last  milk  from  a  cow. — Clun.    Cf. 
also  Stroke  (2),  below. 

STBIPPnrOS,  sb.  the  last  milk  drawn  from  the  cow.— JT^ui  CI 
Drippings,  also  Strokings,  below. 

8TS0KE,  (1).    See  Strake. 

(2)  oU,?  same  as  Strip,  aboTO.  —  Pulybrbatch.  'The  IGsss 
always  gwuz  round  5$th  die  milk-bowl  ^erself  an'  gtrokes  the  oows, 
an'  if  *er  gets  it  more  than  'afe  ftiU,  yo'n  be  apt  to  *ear  on  it.* 

'  Jone  takes  her  neat  mbVd  pail,  and  now 
She  trips  to  milk  the  sand-red  Uow ; 
Where,  for  some  sturdy  foot-baU  Swain, 
Jone  sIrokeB  a  Sillibub  or  twaine.' 

The  CompUat  Angler,  ch.  i.  p.  35,  ed.  1653. 

Grose  has '^froaX^fn^.  IClking  after  the  calf  has  suckled.  Eicmoor.' 

STBOKnrOS,  ole.  t  same  as  Stripping!,  9hoYe.—Ibid, 

'Afterings,  the  Stroakinge,  or  last  that  is  MOkt  from  a  Cow.'— 
Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  II.  ch.  ix.  p.  173. 
See  Afteringa. 

STBOHG  [str'ung-],  adj\,pec.  full;  whole. — Shrewsbubt.  (1)  'Joiner, 
this  door  isn*t  two  inches  thick,  is  it  ?  *  '  Well,  Sir,  it's  a  strung  inch 
an'  three-quarters.'  (2)  *  We'n  ta'en  a  lodger.  Ma'am,  sence  I  aid  jo' 
last,  but  I  doubt  we  shanna  mak'  much  out  on  'im  at  ten  shillin'  a 
wik — 'ell  sit  down  an'  ate  a  strung  'our.' 

STBITCKEH  [str'uk'nl, />ar^.  pagt,  oh&ols,  struck  off:  said  of  com  in 
the  measure. — Oleb  Hills. 

Milton  employs  the  same  participial  form — ^tirudcen  mute'—in 
Paradise  Lost,  Book  IX.  L  1064.     See  Strike  (1). 

STBinCPIiE  [str'um*pll,  sb.,  obs,  %  the  fleshy  stump  of  a  horse's  tail 
left  after  <  docking.'— Fulverbatoh,    Q,y.  com. 

STUB  [stub-],  ^1)  ab,  a  stump,  as  of  broom  or  gorse  which  has  been 
out  down  to  within  a  few  inches  of  the  ground.  Com.  '  We'n  ff^  as 
&re  as  the  Brummy  leasow,  an'  get  a  fyeow  stubs  awilde  a  bin  oxy.' 

*  jet  >u  sinffst  worse  |»an  ^e  heisugge 
pat  flihl?  bi  grunde  a  mong  ^  stubibe.^ 

Uwl  and  Nightingale,  1.  506. 

*  Then  to  the  earth  shoe  gott  a  thawacke ; 

no  hurt  in  the  world  the  pore  man  did  meane ; 
to  the  ground  hee  cast  the  Ladye  there ; 
on  a  stubb  shee  dang  out  one  of  her  eyen.' 

Marks  more  ffoole,  1.  52.     Percy  Folio  M8.,  ToL  iii  p.  129» 
ed.  Hales  and  FumiyalL 

*A.Saz.  styhh;  O.Icel.  stuhbi;  stub,  stipes.* — St&at. 

(2)  sh.  a  wom*out  nail  drawn  from  a  horse-shoe.    Com. 

STUCS:  (1),  STTTCBXE  [8tuk-,stuk'l],  sb.  acluster  of  standing 8hea?«> 
usually  six. — Cbayen  Abms.    See  Stook. 

STUCK  (2),  pret  stacked. — Ludlow,  Bur/ord. 


i 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   419 

STUCKEH,  part,  past,  stuck  =  stabbed  =  killed,—*  the  batcher's 
stdocken  the  pig.* — ^Newport.  It  may  be  noted  here  apropos  to  killing 
pigs,  that  the  process  of  '  dressing '  them  ai ter  they  are  slaughtered, 
varies  in  different  parts  of  Salop ;  in  the  North— indeed  throughout 
the  greater  part  of  the  County — *  they  scauden  'em,  an'  'angen  'em 
up  by  the  'eels,— back  to  the  wall ; '  but  in  the  East  and  South  East, 
as  about  Bridgnorth  and  Cleobury  Mortimer,  *  they  swingen  *em  (by 
la3nng  straw  under  them  and  setting  it  on  fire),  and  then  tney  'angen 
*em  up  by  the  nose, — ^bally  to  the  wall.'    See  Stick  (2). 

STUDY,  same  as  Stithy,  q.  v. — Clun. 

STVMP,  v.  n.  to  step  heavily ;  to  stamp, — *  'eart  alive  !  'ow  that 
wench  does  stump,*    Com. 

STUELT  [stur'li'],  adj.  stiff;  standing  up;  staring:  said  of  the 
hair  or  coat  of  an  animal — ^Wem.  'I  spect  that  cow's  ketcht  a 
cooth,  'er  coat's  all  sturly  like.' 

SUBSIST,  sh  part  payment  in  advance  for  work. — Fulverbatgh, 
Snailbeach;  M.  T.     See  Sist  (2). 

SUCCAHOBE  [suk'u'moa''h'r'],  «6.,  var.  pr,  Acer  paeudo-platantis, 
the  Sycamore. — Shbewsburt;  Pulvebbatoh  ;  O&aven  Asms.  Qy. 
com. 

SUCCOUBEUL  [suk-ur'ful],  adj.  yielding  shelter.— Pulvbbbatoh  ; 
Chukgh  Stretton.  a  man  who  was  advised  to  take  up  a  hed^e 
which  occupied  much  ground,  objected  to  dp  so,  on  the  plea  that  it 
was  'mighty  succourpd*  for  the  cattle  lying  out  in  the  winter. 
Another  man — a  groom — riding  through  the  Southern  part  of  Shrop- 
shire, observed  in  reference  to  its  un(mlating  character,  that  it  was 
'  a  mighty  succourful  county.' 

SUCK,  sh.,  var.  pr.  a  wrought-iron  ploughshare, — *a  sock.'    Com. 

'The  Sou^  or  Sv/ck^  is  that  as  Plows  into  the  ground.' — Academy 
of  Armory,  Bk.  HI.  ch.  viiL  p.  333. 

'Drilled  Prussia,  compact,  organic  in  every  part  from  diligent 
^ough-«ocA;  to  shining  bayonets.'  —  Thomas  Caaltle,  History  of 
Friedrich  II.  of  Prussia,  vol  ii.  p.  302,  ed.  1869. 

'Er.  soc,  a  ploughshare.  O.Fr.  soc,  sock,  soc:  de  soceus,  ainsi 
nomm6  k  cause  de  sa  pointe  recourb^e  comme  oelle  d'un  Soulier.' — 
Bub. 

SUCKEBS,  SUH-SUCKEBS,  ah.  pi.  the  sun's  rays  as  they  sometimes 
appear  in  showery  weather,— popularly  believed  to  suck  up  the  water 
m>m  the  earth  into  the  sun,  there  to  be  converted  into  rain :  and  held 
to  be  a  sign  of  coming  showers.— Pulverbatcjh  ;  Chubch  Sthetton  ; 
Wellinoton.   '  We  sha'n  a  more  rain,  the  sun's  got  'is  suckers  down.' 

8UITT  fsoo-ti'],  adj.  even;  regular. — Worthbn;  Cleb  Hills. 
'  The  w'ieat  dunna  come  up  very  SMity,  be'appen  the  sid  wunna  good.' 
CL  Shooty. 

SULLDTGE   [sul'inj],  (1)  ah.,  var.  pr.  a  syringe. — Shrewsbury; 

PULVERBATOH. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  syringe. — Ibid.  *  'Er's  gwein  to  the  Doctor  to  get  'er 
ears  sullinged,* 

EK  2 


420  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

STTHMEBED  [sum-ar'd],  (!)  part.  adj.  well  fed  at  grass.— Pulyer- 
BATCH ;  Wem  ;  Ellesmebb.  '  That  *eifer  looks  fresh,  I  spect  'er^s 
bin  summered  pretty  well/ 

(2)  part.  adj.  beer  is  said  to  be  summered,  wben,  from  having  been 
oyer-hot  during  the  process  of  fermentation,  it  has  acquired  a  pecaliar 
singed  taste. — ^r ulverbatoh  ;  Wem.  *  This  drink's  «ttmm<f«i,  Miaais, 
I  spect  yo'n  piit  it  together  too  *ot.'  Summered  is  to  beer  what  *  movh 
burnt^  is  to  hay. 

8TTMP,  sb.  a  hole  at  the  bottom  of  the  pit-shaft,  to  receive  the  waste 
water  of  the  workings.     Oom.    M.  T. 

STJH-SPECKLES,  sb.  pi  frreckles.  —Shrewsbury.     See  Fan-peekles. 

STJV-SUCKEES.    See  Suokeni. 

SXTP  (1),  V.  a.  to  drink,  as  it  were  at  a  draught, — 'mak'  'aste  an 
sup  that  up.' — Shrewsbury  ;  Newport.    Qy.  com. 

'  3  pottles  of  wine  in  a  dishe 
they  supped  itt  all  off,  as  I  wis, 
all  there  att  their  partinge.* 
John  de  Reeue,  L  627.    Per^  Folio  MS.,  YoL  ii. 
p.  583,  ed.  Hales  and  FumiYalL 

'  StM)pynge  al  vp,  or  al  owte.     Absorbido,* — Prompt.  Parv. 
A.S.  a^jpan,  to  drink,  to  drink  to  excess. 

(2)  sb.  a  drink,  enough  for  one  draught. — Ibid. 

(3)  V.  a.  to  feed  animalR  at  night. — ^Ludlow,  Bur/ord. 

'  Lord,  Huntsman,  I  charge  thee,  tender  well  my  hounds. 


But  sup  them  well,  and  look  unto  them  all : 
To-morrow  I  intend  to  hunt  again.' 

Taming  of  t?ie  Shrew,  Induction,  L  29. 
See  Sup-up;  below. 

STTPPIHG,  sb.  spoon-meat  of  any  kind,  but  more  especially  milk  and 
water  boiled  and  thickened  with  oatmeaL  Com.  '  Maister,  our  new 
cowman's  a  rar'  cratcher,  whad'n'ee  think  'e  piVt  out  o'  sight  tius 
momin'  P — ^first  'e  ete  a  cantle  o'  suppin\  then  a  'eeler  o'  bread  an' 
cheese,  an'  after  that  a  apple-ftlt,  rump  an'  stump ! ' 
Grose  gives  *  Suppings.  Broth,  &c.  Spoon-meat.  N.' 
Calves'  supping  is  food  that  they  can  suck  up,  made  with  linseed, 
either  crushed  or  whole  (instead  of  oatmeal),  in  milk  and  water  or  such 
like.     A.S.  s&pan,  to  sup,  suck  up. 

SUPPLE.     See  Soople. 

SUPPOSE,  V.  n.,  pec.  to  know  with  certainty.  Com.  'I  suppm 
the  days  5dnna  be  much  lunger  now,  we  bin  cdos'  on  Midsummer,  an' 
it's  as  coud  as  March : ' — ^said  June  20th,  1880. 

SUP-UP,  V.  a.  to  feed  and  *  bed-down '  animals  about  eight  o'clock 
at  nighi— Newport ;  Wem;  Ellbsmerb.  Of.  Sup  (3),  above;  aim 
Pother  (2). 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  421 

SUBSET  [su-r'i'],  sb,,  var.  pr.  Sirrah.  Com.  A  title  of  address 
sometimes  enlarged  into  *  Surrey  lad.* 

SWAO  [swag*],  (1)  V,  a.  to  sway^  as  of  a  heavy  load  of  hay,  &c., 
badly  put  on  the  waggon. — Pulvebbatoh.  *See,  Surrey,  *ow  that 
load  swags,  it  55nna  oud  wham,  an*  we  sha'n  lose  our  'arrdost  go'se.* 

*  O.IceL  sveigja^  to  sway,  bend.* — Stbat. 

See  Bk.  IL,  Folklore^  Ac.,  *  Customs  *  {harvest), 

(2)  V,  a,  to  incline  heavily  to  one  side. — Ihid,      '  This  basket's  a 
despert  *efb  to  lug  aU  the  way  to  Dorri'ton,  it  farly  swa^s  me  down.' 

(3)  sh.  the  inclination  given  to  one  side  by  a  heavy  weight. — Ibid, 

*  I  IDce  the  owd  Missis  to  sarve  me,  'er  gies  a  good  swag  to  the  scales, 
but  as  to  owd  Snipe,  'e  canna  find  in  'is  'eart  to  gie  the  right  weight.' 

8WA0E  [swai'j],  (1)  v.  a.  to  reduce,  as  of  a  swelling  or  tumour, 
by  external  applications.  —  Pulvebbatoh.  'Yedart*s  ancler  wuz 
swelled  oncommon  bad,  but  I  put  some  pultis  to  it,  an'  it  swaged  it 
away.' 

'  This  sely  man  contynued  his  outrage. 
Til  alle  his  goods  was  wasted  and  gone ; 
And  they  felt  his  expenses  swage, 
And  were  to  hym  vnkynde  right  anone.' 

Thomas  Occlevb  (a.d.  1420,  circa),  Ih  Regimine 
Frincipum,     Specim.  Eng,  Lit.,  II.  601. 

*  Swagynge,  or  secynge.    Xaxocto.' — Prompt  Parv. 

*  O.Fr.  assouager,  adoucir,  apaiser.' — Bub.    Of,  Sway  (1), 

(2)  V,  a.  to  disperse,  as  of  milk  in  the  mammae. — Ibid,     '  Bub  the 
elder  well  5dth  g6oze-ile  to  swage  the  milk  away.'    Of.  Sway  (2). 

SWAHET  [swaang'ki'],  sb.,  sLI  very  weak  small-beer.     Qy.  com. 

SWAFSOIT  [swop'sn],  sb,  a  big,  coarse  woman.     Com. 

SWAK  [swaar*-],  v,  n.  to  swear.  Com.  'That's  a  ninted  young 
pippin — nod  seven  yer  owd,  an*  'ell  swar  like  a  trooper.' 

'  And  the  seyd  Fastolf,  mevyd  and  passyoned  gretely  in  his  soule, 
seyd  and  swar  .  .  .' — Paston  Letters,  A.D.  1468,  vol.  ii  p.  324. 

SWABM  [swaar''m],  v,  a,  and  v.  n,,  pec.  to  climb  a  tree  or  pole  by 
embracing  it  with  the  arms  and  legs.  Com.  '  Theer  wuz  no  Sosebry 
Show  this  'ear  [1880],  but  they  gotten  up  some  bit  of  a  sham  fmr 
pass-time  in  a  fild — ^putten  lads  to  swarm  gracy  poles,  nm  races,  an' 
some  gammocks  to  tice  a  lot  o'  folks  to  the  jPublic' 

*  *  '*  Iknow  of  a  carrion  crow's  nest  in  the  wood  at  Middleton,  but  it 
is  up  a  tall  fir  tree,  without  any  branches  for  a  long  way,  and  my 
arms  are  not  long  enough  to  clasp  around  the  trunk  and  swarm  up,*** 
— G.  Chbistofheb  Da  vies.  Rambles  and  Adventures  of  Our  School 
Field' Club,  p.  29,  ed.  1875. 

*  He  swarmed  up  into  a  tree, 
Whyle  eyther  of  them  might  other  se.' 

Syr  Isenbras,  351,  in  Hal. 

SWAT  [swat'],  ^1)  eb,  sweat.  Com.  'I  carried  three  'oops  o'  com 
to  'Abberley  mill,  but  it  gid  me  a  swat ;  I  wuz  'bliged  to  bring  the 


422  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

flour  back,  but  I  lef  the  bran  fur  John  to  bring  at  night.'    A.S.  9wdt, 
Bweai    C£  Swelter  (2). 

(2)  pret,  sweated, — *  *e  niKxt  o'er  that  job.'    Com. 

*  His  faire  sfceede  in  his  prikin^ 
So  9watte  that  men  myghte  hun  wringe.' 

Ohauceb,  B.  1966  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeai 

' yet  did  he  labour  long, 

And  9wat^  and  chaufd * 

Spenseb,  F,  Q.,  Bk.  y.  c.  ii  st  xlvi 

'  Some,  lucky,  find  a  flowery  spot, 
For  which  uiey  never  toil  d  nor  9waV 

Robert  Bubns,  Foem$^  p.  3d,  L  26. 

A.S.  twdktn^  from  mmSf,  sweat. 

SWATH  [swath*],  sb.  the  row  of  grass  as  it  falls  beneath  the  scythe. 
Com. 

*  With  tossing  and  raking  and  setting  on  cox. 
Qrasse  latebe  in  iwaihes  is  hay  for  an  ox.' 
TusSEB,  Fiue  Hundred  Foiniea  of  Good  Hwhandrie  [July]. 

'  The  twaihe  or  strake  of  grasse,  as  it  lyeth  mowne  downe  with  the 
sithe.' — NoTnendatar* 

*  Swathe,  of  mowynge.     FcHoidium,^ — Prompt,  Parv. 

*  A.Sax.  9wa%u;  O.Du.  awade,  swath,  striga.* — St&AT. 
See  Weights  and  Measures,  p.  xciiL 

SWAT  [swai-  and  swee*],  (1)  same  as  Swage  (1). — Wjbm  ;  Whit- 
0HX7R0H ;  Ellesmebb.  '  To*  maun  try  an'  sioee  away  that  sweUin' 
o*  the  cow's  side  wuth  butter-milk  an'  gddse-ile.*    Ct  Sween. 

(2)  same  as  Swage  (2). 

SWAT-POLE  [swai-],  same  as  Oay-pole,  q.  y. — Wobthbn. 

SWATL<FOLE  [swell*  corr.  swaayl*  pul],  Idem. — ^Pulvsrbatch.  *  I 
should  think  that  wench  is  one  o*  the  onaccountables — ^wha'n'ee  think 
'er's  done  P  *  *  I  dimna  know.*  *  W'y  p&t  gorst  o'  the  fire,  an*  burnt 
the  ituayl^ptU  down,  an'  theer's  the  cauyes'  suppin*  all  o'er  the 
brew-*ua* 

SWEOLESS  [swed'lis],  sb.  an  infant's  swaddling-band. — Shrrwb- 
BT7BT;  PuLyEBBATCH;  Ghttboh  Stbettok:  Elleshebe.  *Hanna 
yo'  lef  oft  the  child^s  $wedleas  jit?*  *  No,  I  neyer  laye  'em  off  tell 
they  tak'n  thar  fit,  'cause  it  strenthens  thar  back.'  A. 8.  noeUi, 
iw^iL — Idem, 

BWEEIT,  same  as  Sway,  aboya — Nbwpobt. 

SWEEPS,  SWEEPS'-BBTTSHES,  sb,  Luztda  eampestris,  Field  Wood- 
rush. — Shbewsbttby,  Uffington, 

SWJsBXnre  [sweet'in],  adj.  a  term  equiyalent  to  willing,  as  applied 
to  doing  work.— Wem;  Ellesmebe.  'That*s  as  sweetin'  liokle  oowt 
as  eyer  wuz  niit  in  skin,*  said  a  Welshampton  man  of  a  horse— 
'  oomin*  three^ — ^that  was  drawing  the  harrows. 


GLOSSARY  OF  AROHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  423 

SWELTEB  [swel-tar^],  (1)  v.  a.  and  t;.  n.  to  oppress  with  heat,  by 
any  means ;  to  be  made  excesaiyely  hot.  Com.  *  It*8  time  to  lave 
off  that  flannen  swedless,  it'll  iwelter  the  poor  child  sadly.' 

'  If  the  Suns  excessiye  heat 
Makes  our  bodies  » welter, 
To  an  Osier  hedge  we  get 
For  a  friendly  shelter.' 

The  Compleat  Angler,  ch.  xi.  p.  211,  ed.  1653. 

Compare  'Swalteryn'  for  hete  .  .  .  ExcUo,  $incopizo.^ — Prompt, 
Parv.    A.S.  ewSlan,  to  bum. 

(2)  eh,  a  state  of  exoessiye  heat.  Com.  '  I  churned  three  'ours  an' 
a  'afe  this  mornin',  an'  itpiit  me  in  a  fine  ewelter  I  can  tell  yo'.' 

'  ^etuBy  vd  cauma,  swoloiS^'  is  found  in  the  Supplement  to  JBlfrv^e 
Vocabulary^  x.  or  xi  cent,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  yol.  i.  p.  63.  'Hence,' 
says  Mr.  Wright,  '  our  modem  word  ewelter?    01  Bucking  (1). 

8 WELTBT,  (xdj,  yezy  hot  and  close ;  sultry, — '  we  sha'n  be  '&yin' 
thunder  I  spect,  if  s  deepert  eweltry,^ 

*  But  as  we  see  the  sunne  oft  times,  through  oyer  sweUrie  heate. 
Changing  the  weather  faire,  great  stormes  and  thundercraks  doth 
threat' — Honowre  Academie,  1610,  i.  18,  in  Hal. 

SWBBD  [swur'd'],  (1)  ^6.  a  sword. — PuLyERBATOH. 

<  In  his  hond  is  ewerd  ut-drawe.' 

Havelok  the  Dane,  L  1802. 

'Well,  fetche  me  a  ewerd  sayed  he  .  .  .  Fetche  me  a  etuerde  and 
deuyde  the  chyld  betwene  them.'— Latimer,  tiermon  iL  p.  71. 
'  awerde,  Gladiue.* — Prompt  Parv,    A.S.  eweord,  twurd,  a  sword. 

(2^  eh.  an  upright  bar  haying  holes  for  a  pin,  affixed  to  the  '  cross- 
tree  of  a  cart,  by  means  of  which  the  cart  is  set  to  any  pitch  when 
tilted. — ^Clee  Hills. 

(3)  eh,  turf;  greensward, — '  flay  off  the  ewerd,* — Pitlybbbatoh. 

•  Swarde  of  |>e  er|>e.' — Prompt,  Parv, 
A.  8.  eweard,  the  surface  of  grass. 

(4)  eh,  the  rind  of  bacon. — Pulyebbatch.  '  They  bin  yery  good 
to  me.  Ma'am,'  said  Betty  Diggory  [1856],  '  they  sayen  aU  the  ewerde 
o'  bacon  fur  me.'  '  What  can  you  do  with  them,  Betty  ? '  '  Well, 
Ma'am,  I  p&t  'em  to  soak,  an'  wesh  'em,  an'  'ack  'em  up,  an'  pQt  'em 
to  stew  6dth  tuthree  yarbs,  awilde  I  g65  to  Church,  an'  a  mighty  nice 
Sunday's  dinner  they  maken  me.' 

*  Swarde  or  sworde  of  flesche.     Coriana* — Prompt,  Parv, 
A.S.  eweard,  the  skin  of  bacon.    See  Sword. 

SWIFTS  [swif 'tsj,  ah,,  ohs.  a  machine  for  holding  skeins  of  yam  for 
the  purpose  of  winding  them.  Qy.com.  The  form  of  the  «i£ff/i{«  was  that 
of  an  upright  gallows-shaped  frame,  standing  about  fiye  feet  from  the 
ffround,  and  luiying  two  reels,  one  at  the  top  and  the  other  at  the 
bottom :  these  reels-— for  the  sake  of  lightness — ^were  made  of  spokes 
inserted  into  circular  ends,  they  rotated  upon  long  iron  spindles, 
which  could  be  withdrawn  to  admit  of  them  being  taken  out  of  the 
frame  for  the  yam  to  be  put  on  them.  At  the  base  of  the  machine 
was  a  box  for  holding  tne  balls  when  wound.     Bwifte  superseded 


424  8HB0PSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

*  yarewindB/  and  in  taking  their  place,  reoeiTed  their  name  in  a  tasa- 
lated  form,  <  yare,^  quick,  becoming  9un/t,    01  Tarewinda. 

BWIQf  8b.  spiced  ale  and  toast  Com.  This  popular  Shiopahire 
sapper-dish  is  prepared  on  this  wise — ^though  perhaps  with  Tana- 
tions — a  slice  of  '  rod  hot '  toast  is  put  into  the  9t£^-bowl,  ginger  and 
nutmeg  are  grated  oyer  it,  sugar  is  added,  and  the  bowl  is  mled  up 
with  cold  ale.  The  toast — served  on  plates — ^is  eaten  with  toasted 
cheese,  a  dish  of  which  always  accompanies  the  8ung-howl,  The 
bowl  is  passed  round,  and  each  draught  of  ale  is  called  a  twig. 

8WIO-B0WL,  8b.  the  large  bowl — like  a  punch-bowl — in  which 
iung  is  served.    Com. 

SWILKEB  [swil'kar*],  r.  a.  to  splash  about ;  to  dash  over,  as  of  anj 
liquid  earned  in  an  open  vesseL  Com.  *  The  wench  hais  iwiUcend 
nearly  all  the  milk  out  n  the  pail.* 

SWILLy  (1)  i;.  a.  to  wash  hastily ;  to  rinse.  Com.  '  Jedt  swill  the 
men's  botdes  out,  they  wun  all  well  scauded  isterd'y.* 

'  Ful  wel  kan  ich  dishes  ttoilen.* 

Havehk  the  Dane,  L  919. 

*  Then  Sir  Tristeram  tooke  powder  fortii  of  that  box, 
A  blent  it  with  warme  sweet  milke ; 
ft  there  put  it  vnto  that  home, 
ft  »unlM  *  it  about  in  that  ilka' 

King  Arthur  and  the  King  of  Comtoall,  L  27a    Percy 
Folio  M8.f  vol.  L  p.  73,  ea.  Hales  and  FumivalL 

*  4.  e.  rinsed  it,  washed  it.' — Verbum  Salopienee.      Note  by  Bp. 
PXKCT. — Ibid. 
'  I  9wyll,  I  rynce  or  dense  any  manor  vesselL' — ^Palsgrave,  in  Hal. 
A.S.  iwilianf  to  wash. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  wash  by  throwing  an  abundance  of  water  over  and 
about,  as  of  a  floor, — '  get  plenty  o'  waiter  now,  an'  ewill  the  caossf 
down.' 

<  As  fearfully  as  doth  a  galled  rock 
O'erhang  and  jutty  his  confounded  base 
SwilVd  with  the  wild  and  wasteful  ocean.' 

jr.  Henry  V.,  UL  I  H. 

(3)  ab.  a  thorough  cleansing  effected  by  a  plentiful  application  of 
water  dashed  about  Com.  'Theer's  so  much  knee-work  now-a^ 
days,  w'en  a  scrub  66th  a  besom  an'  a  good  awUl  66d  do  as  weU,  an' 
be  fax  more  'olesome.' 

(4)  V.  a.  to  drink ;  to  wash  down  by  drinking,—'  'ere,  ate  this,  an' 
yo'  ^ia*n  a  summat  to  9wiU  it  down.'    Com. 

'  The  wretched,  bloody,  and  usurping  boar, 


Sufille  your  warm  blood  like  wash,  and  makes  his  trou^ 
In  your  emboweU'd  bosoms.' — K.  Richard  111.^  Y.  u.  9. 

(5)  $b.  sloppy  pig-meat,  as  of  scullery  garbage.    Com.    'Dnnna 
gie  uie  pig  so  much  iwUly  let  'im  a  some  good  mate  to  stodge  'im  upi 


OLOS3ART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  425 

ebe  we  sha^n  miss  'ftyin'  'im  i'  the  'ouse  by  Chris'mas.'     Tusser 

says : — 

'  Remember  good  GKll, 
Take  paine  with  thy  8will' 

Huswi/erie,  p.  171,  ed.  E.  D.  8. 

•  Brdday  wash,  swile,  or  draffe  for  swine.*— ^tono,' p.  68,  in  Hal. 
Ct  Wesh  (2). 

SWILIrTVB,  sb,  a  tub  in  which  swill  is  kept.    Com. 

SWIHGE  [swinj-],  v,  a.  to  singe.  Com.  'Mind  yo'  dunna  ewinge 
that  shirt-front,  t^e  irons  bin  very  sharp.'  ^ 

*  The  scorching  flame  sore  atvinged  all  his  face.' 

Spenseb,  F,  Q.,  Bk.  I.  c.  zi.  st.  zxyi. 

SWnrOnrO  [swinj-in],  adj,,  ohsolg,  rapid;  violent,  in  regard  of 
motion, — '  the  men  comen  alung  at  a  Btuingin'  rate.' — Pulyebbatoh. 
A.S.  wnngan  ;  to  swing. 

SWIHGLE  [swingi],  (1)  sh.,  oha,  a  wooden,  sword-shaped  implement 
used  to  beat  off  the  exterior  coat  from  the  fibre  of  hemp  or  flax  after 
it  had  been  *  tewtered.' — Pulverbatoh.  Qy.  com.  Walter  de  Bibles- 
worth — xiiL  cent. — ^in  his  instructions  to  '  dame  Muriel '  upon  hemp- 
dressing  says  :— 

'  Ne  ublet  pas  le  pesselin, 
De  escucher  ou  estonger  yostre  lyn.' 

The  interlinear  glosses  which  are  given,  show  the  meaning  to  be 
[do  not  forget]  '  the  aunfighf*  *  to  iwingle  thi  flax.'  See  Wr.  vocabs., 
vol.  i.  p.  156. 

Bandle  Holme  has,  *  A  Swingle  Hand,  corruptly  a  Swingow  Hond : 
a  thing  like  a  Wooden  Fauchion  with  a  square  hole  or  handle.' — 
Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  iii.  p.  106. 

Jamieson  gives  '  Swingle-  wand,  the  instrument  with  which  flax  is 
iwingled.^ 

*  Swengyl,  for  flax  or  hempe.     Excudium.* — Prompt  Parv, 
'  A.S.  9wingla  (flagellum),  a  swingle.' — Stbat. 

See  Tewter,  also  Hetchel. 

(2)  V,  n.  and  «&.  to  swing ;  a  swing.  Com.  '  Mother,  may  me  an' 
Sally  g66  an'  swingUV  M?7'eerP'  'V  the  orchut— Ben's  ptit  us  a 
nvingle  theer.'  *  Well,  if  yo'n  mind  an'  nod  peck  out  on  it,  yo*  may 
gd6.'    A.S.  ttoingan,  to  vibrate,  swing. 

(3)  $b,  a  handful  of  gjleaned  com. — CoBVE  Dale. 

nailey — ed.  1782 — eives  ^Songle'  with  the  same  meaning,  as  a 
Hertfordehire  word.    Jamieson  lias  '  Single'  in  the  like  sense. 
'  Du.  sangh,  Banghe,  fasciculus  spicarum.* — ^KUian,  in  Wedo. 
See  Songow. 

(4)  same  as  Swingle-treesy  below. — Glee  Hills;  Ludlow. 
'J»end  and  traces,  and  2  awingUi,^ — Attctioneer^s  Catalogue  (Stod- 

desden),  1870. 

SWnrOLE-TBEBS,  8k  the  three  bars  of  wood,  which— united  and 
swinging  together — ^go  behind  the  horse  and  connect  him  with  the 
implement  he  is  drawing — ^they  correspond  with  the  '  spUnter-bars ' 


426  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

of  a  carriage. — Shbbwsbttby;  Pultsbbatoh;  Bbidonobth;  New- 
fort  ;  Wjutchukch.    Qy.  com. 

Fegge  has  *  Swingle-tree,  crooked  pieces  of  wood,  pat  to  the  traoea 
of  ploughs,  &C.  to  keep  them.  open,    r^orth.' 

A.S.  swingan;  to  swing,  and  tree  =  a  bar  of  wood.    CL  Tawtrees. 

SWDTHET  Fswin-in,  adj.  dizzy.  —  Pulverbatch.  ;'0w  hin'ee^ 
Matty  ? '  '  I'm  right  middlin',  I'd  sich  a  swinnty  feelin'  i'  my  yed 
this  momin*,  I'd  like  to  a  fell  throm  the  top  </  the  stars  to  the 
bottom.*     Compare  A.S.  swtndan  ;  to  languish. 

SWIPPLE  [swip'l],  ^.  the  upper  part  of  a  flail — explained  by  a 
^  certain  man  to  be  '  the  part  as  puns.' — Pulyebbatch.     Qy.  com. 
Amongst   '  The  parts  of  a  If'lail  or  Threshal '  given  by  Bandle 
Holme  is,  '  The  Simple^  that  part  as  striketh  out  the  Ck>m.' — Academy 
of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  yiii.  p.  333. 

Compare  A.S.  ftinpe,  a  whip^  John  ii  15.     See  Thrashal. 

SWISH-SWASH  [swish's wash],  adv,  shaking  from  side  to  side,  as 
of  liquid  in  a  state  of  agitation. — Pulyebbatch.  'Donna  gie  the 
mar'  too  much  waiter — ^'er'll  g5o  alung  nwiih-twoMh  like  buttermilk 
in  a  chum.' 

SWTTE  [swei't],  v.  a,  to  cut, — a  term  more  especially  applied  to 
sticks.— Pxtlyebbatch  ;  Wem  ;  Whitchxtboh.  In  a  murder  case 
tried  in  Shrewsbury — ^March  13th,  1813 — ^it  was  giyen  in  eridence 
against  the  prisoner,  Rowland  Preston,  that  he  had  been  seen '  twiUxi^ 
a  stick,'  which  stick  was  found  on  the  scene  of  the  murder,  and  was 
the  convicting  proo£  The  Judge  who  heard  the  case  aaked  what  was 
meant  by  *  ewiting  a  stick  P  *  and  was  told  that  it  was  '  cutting  or 
shaying  it.*  (B-— —  P was  executed  on  the  Monday  next  follow- 
ing his  triaL)  Sioite  is  a  corruption  of  thwUe,  to  whittle  a  stick, 
given  by  PaL^prave. 

SWIVE  [swei'v],  v,  a.,  ohsols.  to  cut  grain  with  a  broad  book.— 
WELLn^GTON.    Cf.  Badge  (1).    See  Swiwing-hook,  below. 

SWiYJSBS,  sb.  pL,  chaoU,  reapers  who  'switfe*  the  grain. — Ibid. 
The  modus  operandi  of  the  twivers  is  to  make  a  hit  at  the  crop,  and  so 
keep  cutting  in  a  half  circle,  gathering  the  com  as  it  fedls  under  the 
hooK  with  foot  and  knee  until  they  have  enou&^h  to  form  a  dieaf. 
They  leave  a  much  shorter  stubble  than  the  '  shearers '  who  reaped 
with  a  sickle.  The  swivers,  who  are  for  the  most  part  Welshmen, 
go— at  harvest-time — in  gangs  to  the  farm-houses  to  be  hired  for 
reaping.    Of.  Shearers. 

S  W 1 Y  LH  G-HOOE,  sb.,  obsoU.  a  broad  reaping-hook  having  a  smooth, 
keen  edge,  and  in  this  respect  differing  from  the  '  shearer's '  sidde, 
which  was  serrated ;  also  it  bears  about  the  same  proportion  to  that 
implement  that  a  salmon-rod  does  to  a  light  fly-rod.  See  Shearers. 
G£  Bad^inar-hook. 


SWIZE  [swei'z],  v.  a.  to  lift  up  and  shake  for  the  purpose  of  clear- 
ing,— a  term  applied  to  *  twins  *  [implements]. — ^Glbe  HnJiS.  '  Them 
twins  cloggen.'  '  Aye,  they  wanten  somebody  be'ind  'em  to  «nae  'en 
up  a  bit.'     See  Twins. 

S WOOOLE,  same  as  Strickle,  q.  v. — Bishop's  Castle. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.  427 

SWOBD  [soa-ur'd],  same  as  Swerd  (4),  q.  v.  —  Shbbwbbubt  ; 
Newfobt.    Qy.  com. 

*  Or  once  a  weeke  perhaps,  for  novelty, 
Beez'd  baoon  soords  sliall  feast  his  family.* 

Hall*b  Satires,  b.  iL  Sat.  4,  1.  15. 

Mr.  Nares  has  'Sward.    Skin  .  .  .  often  oorrupted  to  tword  as 
when  applied  to  the  skin  of  baoon.* 

STMOST  [sei'mun],  sb,  a  sort  of  red  shale,  same  as  Calaminca,  q.  v. — 
CoLLiB&Y ;  M.  T. 

BTMOVT  GKOUHD,  phr.  <  faulty '  ground  or  barren  measures.— 
Colliery  ;  M.  T.  A  remarkable  *  fault'  known  as  the  '  Great  Syinon 
fault '  trayerses  the  coal-field. 

STHHABLE  [sinVbl],  ab.^  vur,  pr.  a  syllable.  —  Shbbwsburt; 
PuLYERBATOH.  Qy.  com.  *  Yo'  o5nna  let  on  to  the  Missis  as  I  toud 
yo.'    *  No  danger !  nod  a  synnahU,* 


TABOB  [tabnir*],  (1)  t;.  n.  to  tap  lightly  and  repeatedly  at  intervals, 
as  with  the  finger-ends ;  to  drum. — Wobthbn.  •  Theer*8  some  one 
tabarin*  at  the  brew-'us  window ;  yo'd'n  better  see  who  it  is — ^be- 
'appen  if s  one  o'  the  chaps  after  Sally.' 

' .  .  .  .  and  her  maids  shall  lead  her,  ....  tabering  upon  their 
breasts.' — Nahum  ii  7. 

*  Taboiury{n).     TimpanUo,* — Prompt,  Parv, 

*  O.Fr.  taborer,  tambourner.' — Bur. 

(2)  V,  n.,  obeoU.  ?  to  beat  time  with  fingers  and  feet  in  dancing 
country  dances — somewhat  after  the  m^mer  of  the  sailor's  hornpipe. 
— PuLYBRBATCH.  *  Did'n'ee  '&ve  a  daince  at  the  Club,  Sally  ? '  *  No, 
nod  o'  the  Green,  the  fine  folks  wun  saunterin'  alun^,  cHppin'  one 
another  like  a  bar  'uggin'  a  dog, — ^I  dunna  call  it  daincm', — so  two  or 
three  on  our  chaps  tooken  the  room  at  Clar's,  an*  then  we  coulden 
tahoT  awa^  theer.' 

A  certain  man,  who  had  obtained  local  celebrity  as  a  dancer  in  a 
'  '  country-footing,'  was  known  as  '  Jack  the  Taborer,^ 

'  I  can  neither  tahre  ne  trompe,^  is  said  by  a  strolling  minstrel. 

Piere  PL,  Text  B.,  pass,  xiii  1.  230. 

(3)  V.  a.  to  beat;  to  thrash,—*  'E'll  tabor  'is  jacket  far  'im  right 
well,  if  'e  ketches  'im.' — Grayek  ARMa 

TACK  [tak*],  (1)  sb.  a  smack;  a  peculiar  flavour — an  unpleasant 
taste  is  usually  understood  by  the  term.  Com.  *  The  beer  'as  a  bit 
of  a  tack  on  it  yet — I  wish  vo'd'n  never  bought  that  barrel,  Tve  'ad 
more  trouble  6oth  it  than  irs  wuth ;  the  cowper's  fired  it  an*  every- 
thin'  to  mak*  it  sweet.' 

'  He  told  me  that  three-score  pound  of  cherries  was  but  a  kinde  of 
washing  meate,  and  that  there  was  no  tacke  in  tiiem,  for  hee  had  tride 
it  at  one  time.' — Taylor*$  Workes,  1630,  i.  145,  in  BLal. 

(2)  th.  stuff  of  inferior  quality.— ^hrewsbxtry  ;  Pulyerbatoh. 


428  8HB0PSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

Qy .  oom.   *  'Ow  dmx  yore  tatoes  torn  out  tbis  time,  John  ?  *  '  IHghty 
middlin*,  theer  iima  many,  an'  whad  theer  ia  bin  poor  todb.* 

(3)  »h.  pasturage  liired  for  temporary  use ;  '  ley.'  Qy.  com.  '  Yo  n 
got  a  power  o*  stock  fur  yore  farm,  Maister.'  *  Aye,  I  mus'  get  somfi 
out  on  tack,* 

Jamieson  has  '  Tack,  possession  for  a  time.' 

(4)  V,  a.  to  take  animals  for  pasturage,  on  hire. — Clitk.  Qy.  com. 
'  Qran'mother,  Mary  Cadwallader  'as  sent  half-4i-crown  for  iaddn'  tite 
donkey,  an'  want^*  to  know  if  you'U  Uick  'im  a  week  or  nine  dajs 
longer.^    See  Tak. 

TACKS,  ab.  pi.  the  tools  or  implements  of  trade  of  rat-catcheia  and 
other  folk  of  similar  niHier. — ^WELUNGTOy.     '  My  tadc»  bin  at  New- 
port, or  I'd  soon  ketch  them  rots.' 
W.  iadau^  implements. 

TACK-W0BB[|  sh,  work  done  by  contract,  and  paid  for  as  per  rood 
or  acre,  &o.     Qy.  oom.     '  I  spect  Tummas  'as  a  pretty  ^ood  plack 
theer,  hanna-d-eP'      'Well,  'e's  on'y  nine  sbillin'  a  ink,  reg'Ur 
wages,  but  the  Maister  'e  lets  'im  '&ye  a  bit  o'  tack-work  sometimes.' 
Of.  *  Tack,  a  lease,'  in  JAMlESOir. 

TADDLB  [tad'l],  v,  a.  and  v.  n,  to  pay  minute  attention  to ;  to  be 
yery  tender  with ;  to  feed  carefully,  as  of  a  sick  person  or  delicate 
young  animal. — ^Wbllxnotox  ;  Whitchxjech.  *  After  the  Doctor  'ad 
left  'er,  I  toddled  wi'  'er,  an'  gi'ed  'er  some  crame  an'  waiter.'  Cf. 
Tiddle. 

TAE  [tai*],  V,  a,  to  take.  —  Pulvbrbatch,  Snmlbeach  (Mines) ; 
Colliery  ;  Newport.  '  Tell  Sad  to  to€  some  bread  an'  cheese  to  the 
owd  mon.' 

'  Till  him  he  ^id,  his  knyff  to  tak  him  fra. 
Fast  by  the  collar  Wallace  couth  him  to.' 

Hexrt  the  Minstrel  (a.d.  1461,  circa),  Wd^ 
Bk.  L     Specim,  Eng,  LU,,  yi.  1.  222. 

See  A  (6)  in  Grammar  Outlines  {votoeU,  &c.).  C£  Tak,  also  Tek 
See  below. 

TAEir,  TA'EK  [tain],  part,  past,  taken,—* They'n  torn  that  cowt 
out  o'  the  leasow,  I  see.'    Qy.  com. 

*  So  fareth  loue,  when  he  hath  tane  a  sourse.' 

Sir  Thomas  Wiat  (a.d.  1640,  circa),  Son^  a»d 
Sonettes,    Specim.  Eng.  Lit. ,  xx.  h,  L  6. 

*  Mair  taea  I*m  wi*  you.' 

Robert  jBxjrns,  Poems^  p.  34,  L  12. 

'  When  we  haye  tden  the  grace-drink  at  the  well, 
111  whistle  syne,  and  sing  t'ye  like  myselL' 

Allan  RAMSATy  The  OenUe  Shepherd,  Lip.  12. 

Mr.  Oliphant,  speaking  of  the  Northumhrian  P$alter,  A.D.  12dO, 
circa  (Surtees  Society),  says,  *  In  Vol.  L  p.  243  we  see,  "  when  time 
tane  haf  I ; "  the  first  instance  of  taken  being  cut  down  to  tane-^ 
sure  mark  of  t^e  North.' — Sources  of  Standard  English,  p.  153. 


GLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  429 

tAO  [tag*],  sb,  the  twisted  and  pointed  end  of  a  lock  of  wool,  as  it 
is  shorn  from  the  fleece. — Pitlverbatch.  Qy.  com.  *  Dtinna  g66  so 
avenless  ahout  that  551,  snip  the  end  off  the  ta^f  an'  toze  it  well  as 

'  the  grace  can  get  among  it'  The  *  grace*  thus  alluded  to  was  the 
eoose-oil  which  was  commonly  employed  to  soften  the  wool,  and  so 
fit  it  for  the  future  processes  of  car£ng,  &c. 

*  Sw.  tagg,  a  point.' — ^Wedo.    See  Toze  (1). 

TAIL-EIfDS,  TAnnrOS,  8b,  pi  thQ  light,  lean  grains  which  fall 
out  of  the  tail-end  of  the  winnowing-machine,  and  are  made  service- 
ahle  in  the  poultry-yard.  Com.  *  Jim,  hring  the  hlind-sieve  full 
o'  tail-ends  fur  the  fowls.' 

Grose  gives  *  Tail-ends,  The  refuse  of  wheat  or  other  com  not 
saleable  in  the  market,  but  kept  by  farmers  for  their  own  consump- 
tion.   Glouc' 

See  Tail'com  in  TTal.    Cf.  Oazes. 

TAILOB*S-TABJ),  sb,  the  three  stars  in  the  belt  of  Orion.— Pulver- 
batch;  Wobtken;  Wem;  Ellesmebe. 

TAILS,  sb,  pi,  the  plough-handles  indifferently,  without  distinction 
of  right  or  left.— Craven  Abms. 

Bandle  Holme  has  *  Plow  tails  or  Stilts.' — Academy  of  Armory , 
Bk.  in.  ch.  viii.  p.  333. 

See  By-tail  and  Uaster-talL 

TAX  [tak*],  V.  a.  to  take,—'  Tell  John  to  tak  the  bottle  to  the  fild.' 
Com. 

'  Yet  of  the  wyse  man  tak  this  sentence.' 

Chaucer,  B.  117  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeai 

'  Pat.  But  first  we*ll  tak  a  turn  up  to  the  height, 
And  see  gif  all  our  flocks  be  feeding  right.' 

Allan  Bamsay,  The  QenUe  ShepJierd,  I.  u.  p.  12i 

*  Icel.  taka ;  Goth,  tekan  ;  to  take.'— Stbat. 
Cf  .  Tek,  also  Tae. 

TAK-AWAT,  »b,  appetite.  Qy.  com.  '  That  chap's  a  rar^  tak-away', 
*e  ete  two  cantle  o'  suppin'  fur  'is  supper,  an'  a  great  lownder  o'  bread 
an*  cheese.' 

TAKE  [tai'k  and  tak*],  in  combination  with  adverbs  and  prepositions, 
as  followa    Com. 

(a)  To  take  after ^  to  resemble  in  disposition.  '  The  child's  very 
like  'is  poor  Faither  in  faichur,  an'  I  'ope  'e'll  take  after  'im,  an'  be  as 
good  a  man,  but  I'm  afeard  'is  Mother  spiles  'im.'  Cf.  Favour,  also 
Feature. 

{h)  1.  To  take  off,  to  mimic.  '  Our  Jack  551  take  'im  off  to  a,  nicety, 
yo'd  n  think  'twuz  'im  'isself— 'e's  a  perty  good  munipi  'e'U  take  off 
anybody.' 

2.  To  depart  hurriedly :  usuallv  employed  in  the  past  tense.  '  The 
lads  wun  makin'  a  pretty  riot  o  Sunday  night,  but  as  soon  as  the 
Bobby  shewned  up  yo'  ahoulden  a  sin  'ow  they  tooken  off.* 

(c)  To  take  on.    See  On  (3)  (/). 


430  SHR0P8HIBB  WORD-BOOK. 

((i)  1.  To  take  to,  to  enter  npon;  to  take  poflsesaon  of.    "EH  i^ 
to  the  farm  at  Lady  Day.' 

2.  To  adopt:  said  of  persons  or  animals.  (1)  '  The  childera  Un 
better  off  than  Ven  they  *ad'n  thar  Faither ;  the  Uncles  oomen  foi«t 
like  men ;  Uncle  Ben  said  Vd  take  to  one,  an'  then  the  three  otibers 
tooken  to  the  rest— one  apiece,  so  they  bin  all  shooted.'  (2)  '"We 
bin  likely  to  'ave  a  lot  o*  cades  this  time— three  yeows  han  died 
throm  thar  lambs,  an'  two  more  as  'ad'n  double-couples  65dna  iak'  to 
the  secunt  lamb.' 

3.  To  become  accustomed  to,  or  attached  to.  '  It  inna  eyery  dild 
yo'  can  take  to,  but  I  wuz  despert  fond  o'  that  little  girld,  an'  *er  vns 
mighty  fond  o'  me.' 

Tohetaken  fr>,  is  to  be  surprised  or  astonished.  (1)  *lwa»tahniOy 
I  can  tell  yo\  w'en  the  Missis  said  so.'  (2)  *  I  never  wm  so  took  to  in 
all  my  life  w'en  I  'eard  they  wnn  gwun  clane  away.' 

(e)  1.  To  foJfcc  up,  to  answer  shortly  and  hastily.  « Well,  yo' nee'nt 
tak*  one  tfp  so  sharp,  jest  gi'e  a  body  time  to  spake.' 

2.  To  put  right;  to  correct.  *Yo'  touden  the  paas'n  wnag, 
Molly — ^but  I  didna  like  to  tak  yo*  up  afore  'im— it  wuz  Sund*y  ae'n- 
night  as  yo'  wun  at  Church,  nod  las'  Sund'y  as  ever  wuz.' 

TAKIHO  [tai'kin  and  tak'in],  sb.  a  sudden  aeizore  of  pain  at  the 
bone, — chiefly  in  the  joints, — often  ending  in  diseased  bone  or  stiff 
joints.— Ptjlveebatch  ;  Wem.  Qy.  com.  *  Poor  Dick  'as  bin  1mm 
a  lungful  wilde ;  did  'e  *urt  'is  leg  r '  *  No,  it  come  on  itself—- a  faiiV 
at  the  bwun.' 

*  Bless  thee  from  whirlwinds,  star-blasting,  and  taking  /'  — JT.  X«sr, 
m.  iv.  61. 

' .  .  .  strike  her  young  bones, 
You  taking  airs,  with  lameness ! ' — Ihid.  II.  iv.  166. 

TALE  [tai'l],  v.  a.,  ohsols,  to  count — Pulvbrbatch.     *  I  tale  them 
ship  to  forty — 'ow  many  bin  a  ?'  said  a  toll-man  to  a  drover. 
A.S.  foZtan,  to  reckon,  compute. 

TALBIHO  TO  MOMMETS,  phr.,  obs.  self-communing  in  low-toned 
speech. — ^Pttlvbrbatch.  *  Whad's  the  Church-bell  g^ein  for  ? '  *  A. 
Yestry-meetin' ;  theer's  a  batoh  o'  parish  prentices  to  be  lotted.'  *  I 
thought  theer  wuz  summat  gwein  on ;  I  sid  owd  Mister  AmUer 
stan'in'  i'  the  lane  talkin'  to  *ia  mommets.^ 

Mr.  James  Ambler  was  a  man  whose  opinion  was  much  respected, 
but  he  seldom  gave  it  without  taking  counsel  with  himself  and  vie 
noted  for  'talkin'  to  V«  mommetB,*    He  died  May  1808. 

The  term  mommet,  thus  employed,  would  seem  to  have  retained 
some  lingering  sense  of  the  O.E.  maumet,  an  idol  to  which  prayer 
would  be  addressed : — 

'  Do  a-wei  \n.  Maumetes  *  j^ei  han  trayed  ^e  ofte.' 

Joteph  of  Arimathie,  1.  102. 
See  Mommet  (1). 

TATiTiAHT,  TALLAT  [talnmtl,  Shrewsbubt;  Pulvsrbatch;  Mucb 
Wenlook;  WELLmoTON;   wem;  Oswebtby.    Qy.  com.    [tal-u't], 


..J 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  431 

PuLYXBBATCH ;  Crayen  Abms  ;  Lttdlow,  Bb.  a  hay-loft.     '  That  bit 
o'  cloyer  can  g66  o'  the  tcUlat,  it  inna  wuth  m&kiii'  a  stack  on.' 

*Yoa  remember  how  ^ou  used  to  love  hunting  for  eggs  in  the 
morning,  and  hiding  up  in  the  iallat  with  Lizzie,  for  me  to  seek  you 
among  the  hay,  when  tne  sun  was  down.' — ^B.  D.  Blagemobe,  Loma 
Doane,  A  Bomance  of  Exmoor,  p.  326,  ed.  1878. 
Grose  gives  *  Tallet  {%.  e.  top-loft),  a  hay-loft.  Exm.' 
'  W.  tal,  s.  m.  that  is  over,  that  tops,  &at  is  fronting  or  upon.' — 
OwBN  FuOHS's  Welsh  Dictionary. 

TALL-BOY,  sb,  a  narrow  ale-glass  standing  high  upon  a  stem  or  foot. 
— ^Pttlverbatch.  Qy.  com.  *  Missis,  the  Maister  wants  a  jug  o'  ale 
at  the  'orse-block,  an  two  tumbler-glasses — ^'e  said  nod  to  sen*  them 
tall-boys,  kigglin'.'  '  Who's  Sdth  'im  F'  '  I  dunna  know,  some  gen- 
tleman ;  'e  says  'e  6dnna  light.' 

*  She  then  ordered  some  cups,  goblets,  and  taU-boys  of  gold,  silver, 
and  crystal  to  be  brought,  and  invited  us  to  drink.' — Ozell  (first  half 
18th  cent),  Rabelais,  Y.  xlii,  in  Nares. 

Mr.  Nares  savs  that  TaU-boy  is  '  a  cant  term  £or  cups  or  glasses, 
made  longer  or  higher  than  common.' 

TAH,  V.  n.  to  harp;  to  worry. — Pulvbrbatch.  'I  dunna  know 
whad's  the  matter  o5th  our  Miissis ;  'er's  bin  tan,  tan,  tanin'  ever  sence 
'er  got  up  this  momin'.' 

TAHCEL  Pten'si'l],  v.  a.  to  beat ;  tq  thrash. — Shrbwsbubt  ;  Pulvert 
BATCH ;  Wellinoton.  Qy.  com.  '  5on  W  lave  them  apbles  alone, 
an'  come  out  o'  that  orchut  ?  else  111  tancel  yore  'ide  for  yo .' 

Mr.  John  Bandall  relates  a  story  of  Tom  Moody,  the  famous 
'  Willey  Whipper-in,'  that,  '  having  a  spite  at  a  pike-keeper,  who 
offended  him  oy  not  opening  the  gate  quick  enough,  "  Tom  tancfUed 
his  hide,"  and  resolved  the  next  time  he  went  that  way  not  to  trouble 
him.  Driving  up  to  the  gate,  he  gave  a  spring,  and  touching  his 
horse  on  the  flanxs,  went  straight  over,  without  starting  a  stit^  or 
breaking  a  buckle  [1773-96].'— OZc^  Sports  and  Sportsmen,  or  The 
Willey  Country,  1873. 

Compare  *  Fr.  tancer,  O.Fr.  tencer,  to  rebuke,  upbraid,'  in  Pick. 

TAHO  [tang'],  (1)  v.  a.  to  make  a  sharp,  ringing  noise,  as  with 
<  sounding  brass,*  to  call  the  bees  together  when  swarming. — Ghubch 
Btbettok.  '  Mak'  'aste  an'  fisttch  me  warmin'-pon  an'  the  kay  o'  the 
'ouse  to  tang  the  bees,  or  they'n  be  off,  they  flyen  mighty  'igh. 

*  Be  opposite  with  a  kinsman,  surly  with  servants ;  let  thy  tongue 
tang  arguments  of  state.'— Tu^eZ/i^A  Night,  IL  v.  163. 

CL  Ting-tang  (1). 

(2)  $b.  the  prong  of  a  potato-fork.— Newport  ;  Wbm;  Whtt- 
ohxtbch;  Ellesmerb. 

Bandle  Holme  has  '  The  Tangs  or  Forks.' — Academy  of  Armory, 
Bk.  HL  ch.  viii.  p.  337. 

Icel  tangr;  the  iron  tongue  of  a  knife  which  goes  into  the  handle. 
0£  Tine  (1). 

TASTETTMS,  sb.  pi.  bursts  of  passionate  temper.  Com.  Cf. 
Qeoltitudes. 


432  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK« 

TAP,  V.  a.  to  re-sole  boots  or  shoes.  Com.  '  Fve  made  yow  boots 
aumust  as  good  as  new ;  IVe  tapped  an'  'eeled  'em,  but  Td  nrncii  ado, 
ftir  the  in-sole  wnz  gwun.' 

TAED  [taaT'd],  part,  pad,  torn, — *  Fve  tard  my  tbrock-'-— Shrbwb- 
BUBY ;  PuLVERBATOH ;  Wem.    Qy.  com. 

TAS-FITCH,  sh.  Ervum  hirsiUum,  hairy  Tare.— Wem.   See  FitehsL 


TA8KEBS,  ifb.  pi,  harvest-men  who  work  by  the  acre^  not  by 
day.— WELLiNaTON ;  Ellesmebe. 

' .  .  .  .  forth  he  goes, 
Like  to  a  harvest-man  that's  taak'd  to  mow 
Or  all  or  lose  his  hire.' — Corudaniu,  I.  iii.  39. 

*  In  1387, — a  reaper  had  4(2.  a  day.  Is,  lid,  was  paid  for  cottiBg 
and  tying  up  3  acres  of  wheat,  per  taeham, 

*  In  1388, — 30  acres  of  oats  tied  up  by  the  job  {per  t(uikam\  1#.  8i' 
—Notes  to  Piers  PL,  p.  178,  ed.  Skeat,  E.  R  T.  S. 

*  Hie  triturator,  A^  a  tasker,'  occurs  in  a  NomiruUe,  xv.  cent,  in 
Wr.  vocaba,  voL  i.  p.  218.  Mr.  Wright  adds  a  note, — *  Tcuiker,  i  e. 
a  thrasher.  The  word  is  now  used  in  some  dialects  for  a  reaper; 
perhaps  so  named  as  working  by  task  or  piece.' 

See  Fly-gang,  also  Tack-work. 

TASKEBS'-LEASEBS,  sb,  pi  the  wives  and  children  of  the  tasken, 
who  are  allowed  to  go  into  the  field  and  glean  before  '  all  comers'  are 
admitted.  — Ellesmeee.  Perhaps  some  such  privilege  is  reforred  to 
by  Langland  when  he  says — 

'  Ac  who  so  helpeth  me  to  erie  '  or  sowen  here  ar  I  wende, 
SJuil  haue  leue,  hi  owre  lorde  *  to  Use  here  in  heruest. 
And  make  hem  mery  |>ere-mydde  *  maugre  who-so  bigruccheth  it' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.  pass.  vL  IL  67-69. 
Cf.  Parlour-leasers. 

TATHES  [tadh-ur'],  (l)sb,  frogs'  spawn.— Pcjlvebbatch  ;  Welling- 
ton.   Cf:  Junder  (2). 

(2)  V.  a,  to  tie  and  twist  and  knot,  as  of  growing  com  by  the  wind. 
— PuLVBRBATCH.  *  The  winde's  wassled  an'  taihered  the  com  till  it'll 
be  impossible  to  rape  it,  an'  I  canna  bar  mowin'  Veat — it  looks  so 
slovenly.'    C£  Lodged. 

(3)  V,  a,  and  v,  n.  to  entangle ;  to  become  involved — ^used  chiefly  in 
the  preterite  or  participial  form,  as  of  persons  or  things. — Ibid.  '  I 
tell  yo'  whad,  Jmi,  if  yo'  gotten  blended  up  an'  tatJiered  among  thai 
lot,  I've  done  6oth  yo*.' 

(4)  sb,  a  complicated  state  of  things ;  a  tangle,  as  of  thread,  Acl— 
PuLVERBATCH ;  Glee  Hills.  '  Yoli  got  this  i^ein  o'  thrid  i'  sich  > 
tather,  it'll  a  to  be  cut.' 

(6)  sb,,  var,  pr.  a  tether. — Pulverbatch.  It  is  said  (metaphori- 
cally) of  a  spendthrift  that '  'e'll  soon  s65  the  lenth  on  'is  tather ;^^  or 
of  restriction  imposed  upon  a  person,  tnat  '  it'll  tighten  'is  tather.* 

TATOES.     See  Potatoes. 

TAW  [tau'],  sb,  a  large,  choice  marble.     Com. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   433 

TAWVT  OWL,  ah,  tlie  common  Brown  Owl. — Shrewsbury.  See 
Billy-Hooter. 

TAWTBBES,  TOITSEES  [taa-tr'iz'l,  Pulverbatoh,  Condover; 
Craven  Arms.  [totT'i'z],  Worthbn,  Uherbury,  [toi-tr*i*z],  Clun, 
ab.  same  as  Swingle-trees,  q.  y. 

'  Two  sets  tatotrees.^ — Audianeer^i  Catalogue  (Longville),  1877. 

TAZT-WAZT  [tak'si'  wak'si'],  eh.  a  strong  tendon  in  the  neck  of 
quadrupeds ;  cartilage,  such  as  is  seen  in  certain  cuts  of  beef. — PuL- 
verbatch  :  WoRTHEN.    Qy.  com.    '  Gie  the  baby  that  piece  o*  taxy 
waxy,  it's  better  than  india-rubber.* 

*  FcunoaXy  synewe,'  occurs  in  Prompt,  Parv,  See  Mr.  Way's  note 
thereon. 

TBABT  [tiW't],  (1)  adj,  sharp ;  biting :  as  of  a  frosty  day, — '  It's  a 
mighty  tedrt  day.' — Glee  Hills.    Of.  Deum  (2). 

(2)  adj,  seyere;  painful. — PuLyERBATOH;  Glee  Hills;  Mitoh 
Wenxook.  '  My  'and*s  despert  bad ;  theer  inna  much  to  be  sid,  but 
it's  that  Udrt  sore  I  canna  bar  a  fither  to  touch  it' 

TED,  tr.  a.  to  turn  and  spread  abroad  new-mown  hay-grass.  Com. 
'I  skouldna  Ud  the  'ay  awUe  the  weather's  so  casertly,  it'll  keep 
better  i'  the  swath.' 

'  Go  sirs  and  away, 
to  ted  and  make  hay.' 
TussER,  Juliea  AMract,  p.  121,  ed.  E.  D.  S. 

Bailey— ed.  1782— giyes  *  To  Ted  or  Tede  (Orasay  as  a  <  South  and 
Eaat  Country  Word,* 

*  I  ieede  hey,  I  toume  it  afore  it  is  made  into  oockes,  je  fene.' — 
Paliugraye  in  ELal.  Mr.  Halliwell  remarks  of  ted  that  it  is  '  still  in 
use. 

TEEM  [teeTnl,  (I)  v,  a.  and  v,  n,  to  pour  out  Com.  *  Theer^s 
summat  got  r  tne  spout  o'  the  tay-pot,  it  dunna  teem  welL' 

'  &  when  Willie  had  gotten  a  kisse, 
I- wis  shee  might  haue  teemed*  him  3.' 

Will  Stewart  and  John,  I  144.    Percy  Folio  MS,, 
yoL  iii  p.  221,  ed.  EEales  and  FumiyalL 

*  *  giyen  him  3 :  teem,  to  pour  out  .  .  .' — Note  by  Mr.  FuBinyALL, 

•  (2)  V,  a.  to  empty. — Shrewsbury.  Qy.  com.  '  I  axed  the  Maister, 
oould  'e  change  me  a  soyereign,  an'  'e  teemed  'is  pus,  but  'e  'adna 
got  it* 

•  With  swerdis  swyftly  thay  smyte, 
Thay  (erne  sadils  fulle  tyte.' 

MS,  Lincoln,  A.  i.  17,  t  134,  in  Hal. 

Jamieson  has  '  To  Teme,  v,  a,  to  empty,  teem,  S.  B.' 

*  Temyn\  or  maken  empty.     Vo/cuo,  evacuo.' — Prompt,  Parv. 

*  Sw.  tSmina  ;  Dan.  tSmme ;  to  exhaust,  empty.' — ^Wedo. 

TEEHY  [tee'ni'],  adj.  yery  small, — tiny.    Qy.  com.     See  below. 

TEEHT-TIHT,  adj.  an  intensitiye  of  tiny, — ^yery  yery  small. — Nkw- 
FOBT.    Qy.  com. 

FP 


434  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  Tiny  (a  word  used  in  Woreeder-ihire  and  thereabontB,  as  a  little 
Uny)  comes  from  the  ItaL  Tint,  which  is  a  diminutiye  termination.'— 
Blount's  GUmographia,  p.  648. 

TEEHY-WEEVT,  an  intensitiye  of  teeny  (above).  Qj.com.  '  ^^'s 
a  pretty  babby,  but  a  teeny-weeny  thing;  yo*  met*n  put  it  in  a  quart 
jug.* 

'The  rh3rming  [sic]  form  teeny-weeny  may  indicate  a  connection 
with  Do.  weynign ;  G.  wtnig ;  litUe,  small,  few.* — ^Weim}. 

TESBT  [tee-hYi*],  (1)  adj.  soft ;  smooth ;  mellow, — in  operation.— 
PuLVBRBATOH.  (1)  'If  yo'  putten  a  spot  o*  'ot  waiter  i'  the  chuni, 
it'll  mak'  the  butter  work  ieery*  (2)  <  The  ground  works  nice  an* 
ieery  after  the  fros'.' 

Compare  *  Teere,  of  flowre.  AftuAum,  "  Pollis,  vel  poUen,  est 
idem  in  tritioo  quod  flos  in  siliginOy  the  tere  of  floure." — ^Whitinton, 
Gramm.,  1521.' — Pnnnpt.  Farv,  and  Notes, 

(2)  adj.  tall ;  taperine :  said  of  persons  and  plants, — '  a  teery  girV 
Ac—  FiTJ.KaifBRK,  WeUhampton,     Qt  Spiry. 

TBO,  sh,  a  sheep  in  its  second  year  that  has  never  been  shonL— 
Clun;  Cleb  Hills.    Qy.  com. 

'  A  te^  or  sheepe  with  a  little  head  and  wooU  under  its  belly.'— 
Florio,  in  Hal. 

Bay  gives  *  A  Tagge,  a  Sheep  of  the  first  Year,  8uB9ex.^ 

TEO*B-W00L,  sb.  the  wool  shorn  oif  a  teg.— Ibid.  The  wool 
known  as  ie^s^woel  is  distinguished  by  a  little  6url  at  the  end,  which 
that  of  an  8^r-shearing  never  has. 

TELLIF  [telif],  sb.^  obsoh.  a  thick,  tangled  crop :  said  of  weeds.— 
PuLVEKBATOH.  *  I  shall  *&ve  a  pretty  job  to  'aw  them  tatoee— theer's 
a  fine  telli/  o*  weeds.'    Of.  Horl 

TEKPEESOME,  a^j.  hot-tempered;   passionate. ^ Wem ;  Elles- 

HERE. 

TEMPEST,  sb.y  pec  a  storm,  more  especially  a  thunderstorm,  but 
without  the  acoompaniment  of  high  wind. — Cluit.    Cf.  Storm. 

TEMPTTTOITS  [tem-tyus  and  tem'chus],  adj.  tempting ;  inviting.— 
PuLVEBBATOH.  <  Thank  yo*,  Missis,  rll  tak'  a  bit,  it  looks  ao^^,'; 
iuouB — as  the  owd  sayin'  is,  **  the  proof  o'  the  puddin'  's  i'  the  atin'." ' 

TEVSOES,  sb.  pl.f  obs.  persons  who,  not  being  burgesses,  carried  on 
business  in  the  town  as  tradesmen,  upon  payment  of  oertein  finea^ 
Shrewsbury. 

<  1449-50.  This  yeare  the  bun^esses  and  tenssara  in  Shrewsbury  djd 
vaiye.' — Early  Chronidee  of  Shrewsbury  {Taylor  MS.)y  in  Trans- 
cutions  of  Shropshire  ArchceologiccU  and  Natural  History  Society. 

The  Tensors'  fines  were  imposed  by  the  Court  Leet,  which  required 
that  they  should  '  be  levied  oefore  the  Feast  of  St.  Catherine  [Not. 
25th].' 

'  In  the  Corporation  Account8—1519 — ^it  is  ordered  that  "  Tensors 
selling  ale  should  pay  yjd.  quarterly."' — Phillips's  History  of 
Shrewsbury,  pp.  161,  168. 

See  below,  also  see  Bibstera. 


GLOSSARY  OF  AROHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  £TC.    435 

TEH80B8HIP,  sb,^  obs.  the  fine  paid  by  Tengara  (see  above).— 
Shkfwsbuby. 

'  John  Bromball,  baker. — ^It  was  objected  to  bis  Tote  that  he  was 
no  Burgess,  in  support  of  which  it  was  proved  that  he  pd  Tefuer»hip 
several  years,  ana  that  his  fPather  had  paid  toll.  This  Tenserahip  is  a 
ffine  or  acknowledgment  commonly  paid  by  persons  following  trade 
in  the  town  that  are  no  Burgesses.  .  .  .' — Tke  Poll  for  the  Borough  of 
Shrewsbury  J  June  29th  and  30th,  1747,  in  TraruactionB  of  the  Bhrop- 
Bhire  ArchceologiccU  and  Natural  History  Society, 

'This  Bichard  Muckleston  .  .  .  commenced  a  suite  i^ainst  the 
Towne  of  Shrewsbury  for  exacting  an  imposition  upon  him  which 
they  call  tensorship,  and  did  endeavour  to  make  voyd  their  Charter, 
but  they  gave  him  his  Burgesship  to  bee  quiet* — GkiUGH's  History  of 
MyddUf  p.  128. 

TEHT,  (1)  t;.  a.  to  take  charge  of;  to  attend  to,  as  of  sheep,  cattle, 
&c  *  Jack,  the  Maister  wants  yo'  to  tent  them  cows  as  *e*s  jest 
turned  i'  the  leasow.' 

'  it  was  a  sore  office,  O  Lord,  for  him 

that  was  a  lord  borne  of  a  great  degree ! 
as  he  was  tenting  his  sheepe  fSone, 
neither  sport  nor  plav  cold  bee.* 

Lord  of  Leame^  1.  139.     Percy  Folio  MS,,  vol.  i. 
p.  187,  ed.  Hales  and  FumivalL 

(2)  V.  a,  to  hinder ;  to  watch ;  to  '  look  sharp  after,'— having  pun- 
ishment in  view. — ^Wem  ;  Ellesmzre.  '  111  tefU  'im  if  'e  osses  to  do 
thatagen.' 

'  HI  tent  thee,  quoth  Wood, 
If  I  can*t  rule  my  daughter,  TU  rule  my  good.' 

Cheshire  Proverbial  Saying, 

(3)  V.  a.  to  scare. — ^Newport;  Wem:  Elleshebe.  'Where's 
Will  Starkey  P '    '  Flaze,  Ma'am,  'e's  tentin^  crows  off  the  com.' 

TEERIFT,  V,  a.,  pec,  to  pain ;  to  irritate. — Shrewsbubt  ;  Pulvbr- 
batch;  Glee  Hills;  Wem;  Ellesmebe.  (1)  'This  cut  o'  my 
fineer  terrifies  me  mightily,  I  canna  get  on  5dth  my  work.'  (2) 
'  These  gnats  do  so  terrify  the  child — jest  look  at  'is  for'yed,  'ow  it's 
bittea* 

TEWTES  [teu'tui^  and  choo'tui^],  (I)  v,  a.,  oba,  to  beat  and  break 
the  hemp-stalk  after  it  had  been  subjected  to  the  action  of  fire  as 
described  suh  voce  Killoddy,  q.  v.  —  Pulvebbatch;  Wobthen. 
Tewtering  was  the  second  process  of  hemp-dressing.  (It  may  be  noted 
here  that  hemp  and  flax  were  treated  alike.) 

The  verb  tewter  seems  to  be  a  variation  of  '  Teiotaw,  to  beat,  to 
break  as  flax,'  given  by  Ash  as  a  '  reduplication  of  Tew  (from  the 
Sax.  taufian),  to  work,  to  beat  so  as  to  soften.* 
Bailey — ed.  1782— has  '  To  Tew  Hemp,  to  beat  or  dress  it' 
'  A.  8.  tawian;  O.Du.  touwen;  to  taw,  euhigere,^ — Stbat. 

(2)  i6,,  obe,  the  implement  with  which  the  hemp-stalk  was  beaten, 
^. — Ihid,  The  tewter  consisted  of  two  parts,  upper  and  lower, 
respectively ;  the  latter  being  a  long,  narrow,  oaken  frame,  standing 
upon  four  legs,  about  two  feet  three  inches  in  height,  and  fdmished 

F  r  2 


436  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

with  a  range  of  four  strong  bars,  extending  its  whole  length.  These 
bars  were  of  'doyen  quarter  oak* — the  triangular  segment  of  a 
squared  block — and  were  fixed  with  the  keen  ^go  topmost  The 
upper  part  had  three  bars  of  like  kind,  so  set  as  to  nt  the  interspaces 
of  those  beneath*  It  was  joined  to  the  lower  part  at  one  end  by  a 
pair  of  '  gudgeons,'  which  acted  as  hinges  in  such  a  manner,  that  it 
.  could  be  plied  up  and  down  by  means  of  a  handle,  which  the 
operator  worked  with  his  right  hand,  while  he  held  the  hemp  with 
his  left,  to  be  invtertd  between  the  several  parts  of  the  implement 

Mr.  Halliwell  gives  *  Tewier,  An  instnunent  for  breakmg  flax,  as 
a  brake  for  hemp.     Cheshire,^ 

Bandle  Holme,  however,  draws  no  distinction  between  hemp  and 
flax  as  regards  the  implements  and  processes  required  for  dressing 
them ;  he  mentions  a '  brake ' — ^but  not  a  UwUr — amongst  the  former, 
and  in  the  *  Terms  of  Art  used  by  Uemp  and  Flax  Dressers,'  he  adds, 
'  Braking,  is  the  crushing,  and  bruising  the  Stalks,  between  peeces  of 
Wood  with  teeth  like  a  Saw,  made  in  them.' — Academy  of  Armonj, 
Bk.  in.  ch.  iiL  p.  106. 

See  Swingle  (1). 

T-HAVSLE,  sh.  a  handle,  as  of  a  spade  or  potato-fork,  having  a 
short  cross-bar  at  the  top.    Qy.  coul 

A  D'handle  is  one  tmsit  is  terminated  by  a  loop  resembling  the 
letter  D  reversed,  thus  o. 

THAVK  TOXT  FOE  ME,  phr.  a  form  of  thanks  for  hospitality 
received. — Pulvbrbatoh  ;  Oswestry.  *  Now,  Nelly,  mak*  the  lady 
a  curchey,  an'  say  ihaiik  you  for  me,  an'  Pm  greatly  obleeged  for  flich 
a  nice  tay.' 

This  singular  expression  seems  to  be  an  elliptical  one,  signifying, 
I  thank  you /or — what  you  have  given  to — me,— /or  being  the  stress 
word ;  *  thank  you /or  me.' 

The  Welsh  have  a  similar  idiom  differeuoed  by  the  emphasis,  which 
is  laid  upon  the  final  pronoun,  thus: — 'Supposing  two  persons- 
pedestrians — to  have  called  at  a  house  and  asked  for  a  draught  of 
milk,  when  they  have  drunk  it,  one  will  say,  **  Diolch  i  chwi  drosta' 
I;  "  or,  **  Diolch  yn  fawr  iawn  i'  chwi  drosta'  /;  "  leaving  his  com- 
panion to  convey  Uianks  in  like  manner  for  himself.' — Byeganes,  1878, 

P-  11-  .       ^ 

Peggo  gives  *  Thank  you  for  them,  an  answer  to  an  enquiry  after 

absent  friends.    North.    They  are  quite  well,  I  thank  you  for  them. 

TEAE  [dhaaV],|won.  their, — *  It's  tJiar  fence, -an'  they  man  mend  it.' 
— Shrewsbury;  Pulvbrbatch. 

'  Drink  sal  aUe  bestes  of  felde  wide, 
Wilde  asses  in  par  thrist  sal  abide.' 

Metrical  English  Piaker,  ciii.  (A.D.  1300,  anU). 
[P$.  dv.  11.]    Spedm,  Early  Eng.,  iL  L  12. 

A.8.  \>cera,  of  them,  gen.  pi.  of  m,  mo,  \>aBt. 

See  Qrammar  Outimes  (adjective  pronaum),  p.  xlviii. 

TEATCH-8PAEE0W,  sh.  common  House-sparrow. — Clun,  Tmkhin, 
See  Aisin-aparrow. 

THATH,  THISH,  cuivs,  that  way,  this  way,  as  of  the  manner  of 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   437 

doing  a  thing. — Cluw,  Herefd,  Border;  Ludlow;  Much  Wenlook; 
Newpoet,  ShtffnaL 

^^gS^  gives  '  This^n  and  Tha^n^  in  this  manner  and  in  that 
manner.    North.'    See  Athatn,  Athian,  &c. 

THAVE  [thai-v],  ah,  a  ewe  sheep  of  the  first  year. — Pulverbatch. 

'  Item,  taken  away  uppon  Draytun  grounde  at  on  time  .  .  •  CC. 
shepe  callyd  hoggys. 

'  item,  at  a  nother  tyme,  nppon  the  same  ground,  iiij"*  hoggys  and 
xl.  theyvesJ — Paston  Letters,  A.D.  1465,  vol.  iii.  p.  467. 

Bay  has  *  A  Theave  ;  An  Ewe  of  the  first  Year,  Essex,* 

Pegge  gives  *  Theave,  in  the  North,  an  ewe  (or  sheep)  of  three 
years.'    He  adds,  'Bailey  says  of  one  year.* 

See  Hog  (1),  also  Hogget. 

THETCH  [thech-],  v,  a.  and  sb,  to  thatch ;  thatch. — Shrewsbury  ; 

PULVEEBATCH.     Qy.  com. 

'  And  some  he  taujte  to  tilie  *  to  dyche  &  to  tJiecche,* 

Piers  Pl„  Text  B.  pass.  xix.  L  232. 

'  Blocks,  rootes,  pole  and  boug:h,  set  vpright  to  the  thetch : 
the  neerer  more  handsome  in  winter  to  fetch.' 

TxxssER,  Fiite  Hundred  Pointes  of  Good  Htubandrie 

[August]. 

'A.Sax.  vh,  peccan;  O.H.Germ.  decchen;  to  thetch  (thatch).* — 
Strat.    A.S.  sb,  pcec,  thatch. 

THETCHEB,  sb.  a  thatcher.— i^V^. 

'A. Sax.  ptcere;  O.H.Qerm.  dechari;  a  thatcher.' — Steat. 

THETCHIirO-PEO,  sb,  a  peg  used  in  thatching.— /&/df.  '  Did  yo' 
see  'ow  the  cow  'as  lied  the  thetch  off  the  pig-sty  ?  Tak*  some  rushes 
an'  tuthree  thetchirC -pegs  an'  ptit  it  right' 

THE -WAIV- AND -HORSES,  sb.  Ursa  Major.— Oswestry.  See 
COxarleaVWain,  also  Jack-an'-'is-chem,  &c. 

THIEF  [theef '],  sb.,  pec.  an  imperfection  in  the  wick  which  causes  a 
candle  to  waste  and  to  gutter.  Com.  *  Look  at  the  thief  i*  the 
candle,  'ow  it's  wasting  it. 

Handle  Holme  gives  *  Thief*  in  the  same  sense,  amongst  *  Terms 
used  by  Tallow-Chandlers/  in  the  Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  m.  ch. 
iii.  p.  102. 

THILLER  [thil'ur'],  sb.  a  shaft-horse. — Craven  Arms  ;  Clee  Hills  ; 
Ludlow. 

'  Suit  of  thUler^s  gears.' — AudioiMer's  CatcUogue  (Stoddesden),  1870. 

'  Hole  bridle  and  saddle,  whit  lether  and  nail, 
with  coUers  and  hameis,  for  thiller  and  all.' 

TuBSEE,  Husbandlie  furniture,  p.  36,  ed.  E.  D.  S. 

'  Thiller,  or  ThiUhorse,  is  that  horse  which  is  put  under  the  ThUU 
of  the  Cart  to  bear  them  up.' — Blount's  Olossoaraphia,  p.  646. 
Grose  gives  *  Thill-horse.    The  shaft-horse.    Jj".* 
*  Thy  He  Horse.     Veredus.* — Prompt.  Parv. 
'  A.S.  pU,  a  stake  .  .  .  the  pole  or  shafts  of  a  carriage.' — ^WsDO. 


438  BHROPSUIRK  WORD-BOOK. 

THlWlTMe  [thing-kl],  #6.  a  thing-ful,  as  of  cup,  glass,  d^c.-— PultxBt 

batch;   Craven  Abms.    ''Xve  a  drop  more  drink,  Dick.*     'No^ 
thank  yo*,  I'm  gweYn/     *Whad  'uny  P    Jest  'ire  another  ihinkk, 
C£  Oantle,  also  Tottle.    See  Qramjnar  Outlixiea  {rumm  compotmdid 
with  fol),  p.  xliii. 

THIBL  [thar^l*],  v,  a.  and  o.  n.  to  pierce  through ;  to  make  an 
opening,  as  out  of  one  'working'  into  another.— -Coixiert,  M.T. 
'  Oaffer,  we'n  thirled  out  o'  our  Top-end  into  Smith's  Lerel  to-day.' 

'  and  al  comes  of  a  ^ly  ^mt '  ^t  ]^irlea  min  hert' 

WiUiam  of  PaUnu,  L  612. 

Qrose  gijes  '  Thirl.    To  bore  a  hole,  to  drilL    lincolnsL' 

*  Thyrlyri\  or  peercyn*.     Penetro^  terebro,  per/aro.' — Pirovnpt.  Parv. 
A.S.  ^lian ;  to  make  a  hole ;  to  thrill,  drill,  pierce,  bore. 

THI8S.    See  Thatn. 

THOHB,  adj.  damp ;  moist :  said  of  com,  and  of   heavy,  clammy 
bread.— CoRVB  Daul 
Ash  has  '  Thone  (a  local  word),  damp,  moist* 

THSAPB.    See  Threap  below. 

TH&ASHAL,  THRA8HAT  [thr'asb-ul],  Pulvbrbatch.  Qy.  com. 
[thr'ash-ut],  Wem;  Ellesmere,  <6.,  obsols,  a  flail.  It  consists  of 
two  parts,  the  hand-wtaff  and  the  §wipple,  which  are  united  by  a 
band  of  strong  leather. 

Handle  Holme  calls  this  imfilement  a  <  ThreshalV 

*  Tritoriumf  l^erscel,'  occurs  in  Archbp.  jBl/rufs  Vocahtdary,  x.  cent, 
in  Wr.  vocabfli,  voL  i  p.  16.  Mr.  Wrieht  gives  the  explanation,  *  A 
flail,  still  called  in  Lancashire  a  threahdl,*   See  Gaplin,  also  Swippls* 

THRAVE  [thr*ai'v1,  sb.  a  collective  number  of  sheaves  of  com  in 
the  straw,  or  of  straw  which  has  been  threshed :  a  term  always  used 
in  the  singular  number, — *  The  Maister's  sen'  to  know  if  yo'  can  lend 
*im  five  or  six  thrave  o'  straw.'     Com. 

*  Thrave  of  Com,  was  two  Shocks,  of  nx,  or  rather  twelve  sheaTOs 
apiece.  Stat,  2  H.  6.  c.  2.  .  .  .  In  most  Counties  of  England  twenty 
four  sheaves  do  now  go  to  a  Thrave.  Twelve  sheaves  make  a  Stock, 
and  two  Stook$  a  Thrave.* — Blount's  Olouographia,  p.  647. 

Grose  gives  *  Thrave.    A  shock  of  com  containing  24  sheaves.' 
See  Weights  and  Measures,  ftc,  p.  xciii.    Cf.  StoolL 


THBBAP  [thr'ai'p  and  thr'eep],  v.  n.  to  contradict ;  to  dispute ;  to 
maintain  an  opposite  opinion  with  obstinate  pertinacity.  Com.  *  1 
knowed  as  that  plough-bottle  wunna  brought  in,  but  that  imperent 
bwoy  thr&ped  me  out  as  it  wuz.' 

•  **  0  Bell  my  wiffe  I  why  dost  thou  fflyte  P 
now  is  now,  &  then  was  then ; 
wee  will  Hue  now  obedvent  liffe, 
thou  the  woman,  &  I  the  man. 
itts  not  ffor  a  man  with  a  woman  to  threape 

vnlesse  he  fflrst  giue  ouer  the  play ; 
wee  will  line  none,  as  wee  began." ' 

BeU  my  Wiffe,  L  61.     Percy  Folio  M8.,  vol  n. 
p.  324,  ed.  Hales  and  FumiTalL 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  439 

'  Some  herds,  weel  leam'd  upo*  the  beiik, 
Wad  threap  auld  folk  the  thing  nuBteuk.' 

Robert  Bukns,  Poeme^  p.  80, 1.  26. 

'  I  threpe  a  mater  upon  one,  I  beare  one  in  hande  that  he  hath 
doone  or  said  a  thing  amysse/ — Palsgrave,  verb.  f.  389,  in  Hal. 
'A. Sax.  preapian;  to  threap,  argtiere.* — Stbat. 

THBEE-COENEBEB,  adj.,  pee.  irritable ;  ill-conditioned :  said  of 
the  temper. — Woethen.  *  *Er's  in  a  mighty  three-cornered  'umour 
to-day.'    Of.  Three-square  (2),  below. 

THREE-FACES-TWDEE-A-HOOD,  eb.  Viola  tricolor,  Pansy  violet, 
or  Heart's-ease. — ^Pulvbubatoh. 
GFerarde  calls  it  '  Three  faces  in  a  hood,* — HerhaU,  Bk.  ii.  p.  855. 
C£.  Two-fac68-under-th6-Sun. 

TflSEK-LEOS,  same  as  Have,  q.  v. — Worthbn. 

THSEE-SaXTABE,  (1)  adj,  triangular.— Ludlow,  Herefd.  Border. 
Bandle  Holme  says  of  *  Harrows  *  that '  In  former  times  Husband- 
men made  all  these  Instruments  three  square* — Academy  of  Armory, 
Bk.  III.  ch.  viii  p.  335.    Cf.  Four-square. 

(2)  same  as  Three-cornered,  above.  —  Pulyerbatoh.  '  The 
Maister  seems  in  a  three-sguar^  temper  this  momin'.' 

THEICECOCE;  8h.  Turdus  mscivorus,  Missel-thrush.— B^ewport. 
Of.  Thrushcock.    See  Stormcock  (3). 

THEID  [thr'id-l,  (1)  sb.  thread.  Com.  *  Bring  me  a  quarter  o' 
mixt  thrid,  an  tell  'em  to  piit  the  biggest  part  Vlty-brown,  it's  the 
most  usefiil.' 

*  There  she  them  found  all  sitting  round  about^ 
The  direfuU  distaffe  standing  in  me  mid. 
And  with  unwearied  fingers  drawing  out 
The  lines  of  life,  from  living  knowl^ge  hid. 
Sad  Clothe  held  the  rocke,  uie  whOes  the  thrid 
Bv  griesly  Lachesis  was  spun  with  paine. 
That  cruell  Atropos  eftsoones  undid, 
With  cursed  knife  cutting  the  twist  in  twaine. 
Most  wretched  men,  whose  dayes  depend  on  thrids  so  vaine ! ' 

Spenser,  F,  Q.,  Bk.  IV.  c.  ii.  st.  xlviii. 

In  explaining  the  '  Terms  of  Art  used  by  Spinners,'  Bandle  Holme 
says,  '  Yam  is  the  single  thrid  of  either  Hemp  or  Flax.' — Academy  of 
Armory,  Bk.  ITT,  ch.  iii.  p.  107. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  thread, — '  I  canna  see  to  thrid  the  nild.' — Ibid. 

THBIPPLE8  [thr'ip'lz],  same  as  Sipples,  q.  v. — Church  Stretton  ; 
Cleb  Hills;  Ludlow;  Newport. 

'  Narrow  wheel  cart  with  thripples.* — Auctioneer's  Catalogue  (Church 
Stretton),  1877. 

<  Epredia,*  glossed  '  the  tJierrepyllis,'  occurs  amongst  the  parts  of  a 
'  wain '  and  cart  enumerated  in  a  Metrical  Vocabulary,  (perhaps)  xiv. 
cent.,  in  Wr.  vocaba,  voL  i.  p.  181. 

THBOCK,  «6.y  var.  pr,  a  frock, — '  Piit  the  child  a  dane  throck  on 


440  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

afore  tay/— Shrewsbttbt;  Pultebbatch.    Qy.  com.    See  P  (2)  in 
Orammar  Outlinea  (eontonanU,  fta). 

THKOOOLB  [thr^og'l],  v.  a.  to  tranimel :  said  of  any  article  of  diesB 
that  impedes  free  moyement. — Pulyebbatcu.  *  I  duima  like  tliiB 
6dllen  anawl — ^I  canna  bar  anythin'  as  throgglu  ma' 

XHEOM,  prep,^  var,  pr,  from. — Shbewsburt  ;  Pulverbatch  ;  Cluh  ; 
Ellesme&b.  Qy.  oom.  See  F  (2)  in  Grammar  Outlines  {coMfmati^ 
Ac). 

THBOSH  [thr'osh-],  r.  a.  to  thresh.  Com.  *  John,  I  want  yo*  to 
ihro$h  that  turmit  sid,  an'  mind  an'  clane  it  welL* 

'  Light  oome,  light  go,  m^  Faither  ^t  it  a-<AroiAin'/  is  an  ironicil 
proTerbial  sayine  (lieard  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Pulyerbatch}, 
applied  to  spendthrirt  waste  of  hardly-earned  property. 

'  ^roBhen  *  is  given  by  Dr.  Stratmann  as  a  participial  form  oocaiiing 
in  the  Onnulum  (a.d.  1200,  circa),  L  1530. 

'A.S.  |>er«<xin;  Qoik,pruhan;  vM-QenxL  dreshen  ;  thresh  (thrash) ; 
triturare.  * — Steat. 

THBOSTLE,  THRVSTLE  [thr'os-l,  thr'us'l],  sb.  Turdus  mtmeitf,  the 
Bong-thrush.  Com.  Both  forms  obtain,  but  ThrutUe  is  the  one 
more  usually  heard. 

'  &  eche  busch  ful  of  briddes  *  ^t  blif^eliche  song, 
.    ho)fe  ^  ^rusch  &  ^e  prtuUle  *  bi  zxzii  of  bo)«.' 

WiUiam  of  FoUme,  L  820. 

'  Sir  Thopas  fil  in  loue-longinge 
Al  whsm  he  herde  the  ihrutiel  singe.' 

Chaucer,  B.  1963  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 

'  prusohe  and  Yro$Ue  and  wudewale.' 

Owl  and  Nightingaky  L  16d9* 

*  The  throttle  with  his  note  so  true, 
The  wren  with  little  quill, — * 

Midiummer  Nighfi  Drtam^  TH,  i  ISO. 

*  Throttle,  A  thrush ;  properly  the  MieBd-thrush^  but  often  used 
with  latitude  for  any  of  the  genus.  Still  current  in  some  ooanties.'— 
Nares. 

*  Thruatylle,  bryd.  .  .  .  Merula,^ — Prompt,  Farv, 

A.S.  t>ro8tle; — idem.    See  Thruahel,  also  Thruahoook. 

THBOTTLE  [  thr'ot*l],  sb,,  si.  1  the  throat.     Com.     '  That's  sammat 
wuth  p&ttin  down  a  fellow's  throtUe,* 

THBOW  [thr'ou],  (1)  prep,,  obsols,%  through,— 'I  sid  'im  gwdn 
threw  the  wicket  toerts  the  foud.' — ^Pulvebbatoh. 

'  This  Posie  is  so  pickt,  and  choysely  sorted  throw 
There  is  no  Flower,  Herbe,  nor  Weede,  but  serves  some  purpose  noir.' 

Geokoe  Gasooiqiye's  Posies  (A.D.  1573),  ed.  Hazlitt» 
yol.  i.  p.  20. 

(2)  ib,  a  hole  cut  through  a  hedge  as  a  channel  to  let  water  mn 
off  tile  land.— Clee  Hills.  'Han  yo'  drawed  them  aids?'  *I»i 
Maister.'    '  Then  g5d  an'  cut  a  throw  through  the  'ed^.' 

Mr.  HalliweU  has  '  Throw^  a  thoroughfare  ;  a  public  road.   SotM 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.  441 

THBOWED  [thr'oa'd],  part,  past,  defeated  by  an  adverse  verdict. 
Qy.  com.  '  jPrice  an*  Jones  han  bin  'agglin*  an'  wranp^lin'  far  'ears 
about  that  r55ad ;  at  last  it  wuz  brought  to  a  size  tnal,  an'  Jones 
wuz  throwtd:    Gt  Cast  (4). 

THRTTK  [thr^um*],  ah,,  ohs,  linen-weavers'  waste,  used  for  sewing 
purposes. — ^Pulyebbatch.  Qy.  com.  Til  djam  them  things  no 
lunger,  fur  I've  used  more  thrum  o'er  'em  than  a  bin  wuth,  a  power.' 

*  O  Fates,  come,  come. 
Gut  thread  and  thrumJ 

Mid$ummer  Nighfs  Dream,  V.  i.  291. 

*  Thromm,  of  a  clothe.     Filamen,* — Prompt  Parv, 

THBTJSH  [thr'ush*],  v,  n,  to  thrust ;  to  press,  as  in,  or  by,  a  throng 
of  folk. — ^Atcham  ;  Ellesmere.  *  They  wunpuehin'  an*  thruihin* 
85o,  theer  wuz  no  gettin'  alung  fur  'em.'    Of.  Tnrutch,  below. 

THfiirSHCOCK,  sh.  the  Missel-thrush  (of  both  sexes).— Bbidonorth. 
Richard  Bamefield — an  Edgmond  (Salop)  man— employs  the  form 
*  ThruaiU'COcke :  '— 

'  Or  if  thou  wilt  goe  shoote  at  little  Birds 
With  bow  &  bomt  (the  Thrustle-cacke  &  Sparrow) 
Such  as  our  Countrey  hedges  can  afford^s ; 
I  haue  a  fine  bowe  and  an  yuorie  arrow ; 

And  if  thou  misse,  yet  meate  thou  shalt  [not]  lacke. 
Be  hange  a  bag  &  bottle  at  thy  backe.' 

The  Affectionate  Shepheard,  ▲.D.  1694. 

In  Chaucer  we  find — 

'  The  thrtutelcok  made  eek  his  lay.' 

Sir  Thopae,  B.  1959  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

See  tub  voce  Throstle.    See  also  Thricecock. 

THBTTSHEL  [thr'ush-u'l],  same  as  Throstle,  q.  v. — Bridgnorth. 

*  Thrustylle,  bryd  {thrusahill  or  thrustyll,  P.).    MerulaJ— Prompt. 
Parv, 

Compare  'M.H.Germ.  droechd; — idem,*  in  Strat. 

THKTI8TT,  adj.  thiisty.— Ludlow,  Here/d.  Border. 

' ...  to  quench  her  flaming  thrust,'  occurs  in  Spenser's  F<ierie 
Queene. 

*  A.Sax.  ^rstig;  O.H.Qerm.  durstager,  thirsty.' — Strat. 
See  K  (2)  in  Oramxnar  Outlines  {coMonanU,  &c.). 

THEXJTCH  [thr'uch-],  same  as  Thmsh,  q.  v.,—'  w'eer  bin'ee  thrutchirC 
to  P '— Wem. 

'  Maxfield  measure,   heap  and  thrvich,  i  e.  thrust.     Cheshire.* — 
Bay's  Proverbs,  p.  69. 

'A.Sax,  ^ryccan;  O.H.Germ.  drucchen,  thrutch;  premere,  trudere,' 
— Strat. 

TjiUjEBSCALL  [thum'sku'l],  8b.,  obs.  a  piece  of  paper  or  card 
inserted  in  a  book  at  the  bottom  of  the  page,  to  prevent  thumb- 
marks. — ^PuLVERBATOH ;  WoRTHEN.  *  Now,  I've  put  yo*  a  fescue 
an'  a  thumbscaU,  so  mind  as  theer  inna-d-a  mark  i'  the  book.' 


442  8HR0PSHIEE  WORD-BOOK« 

TUU Jl DK£rBOWT»  sb.  Papaver  Bhdbas^  common  led  Poppj.— 
Shbswsbvky  ;  WEixnroToir.    Qy.  com. 

THUHO,  THUra  [thung-l,  Shrewsbury;  Pulvkrbatch ;  Elles- 
MSRE.  Qy.  com,  [thunek],  Wem,  «6.,  var,  pr.  a  thongs— a  leather 
boot-lace.     '  I  give  the  cobbler  a  penny  fur  two  ihunk$.* 

Wycliffe  employs  the  form  *  ihwong  *  in  the  eame  sense  of  a  laoe. 
'  I  knelinge  am  not  worthi  for  to  yndo,  or  ynbynde,  the  thwong  of  his 
Bchoon.' — Mark  i.  7  (Oxford  University  Press,  ed.  1850). 

THUHOE  [thunzh-],  (1)  r.  n.  to  thump. — Wbm;  Ellesmbrb.  Qy. 
com.  *  whad  wun'ee  doin*  Us'  neet,  thungirC  o'er  yed  ? — ^I  thought 
the  flur'd  a  come  through.' 

(2)  th,  a  thump ;  a  heavy  fedl, — *  I  come  down  sich  a  Murine.'  Com. 

THXnUI,  *5.,  var,  pr.  a  thorn, — *  I've  got  a  thum  i'  my  finger  as 
terrifies  me  despertly.'    Qy.  com. 

TICS,  V.  a.  to  alluie ;  to  tempt,  or  induce  by  temptation  of  some 
kind ;  to  entice.  Com.  '  Tak'  a  bit  o'  com  i'  the  sarver  an'  ike  the 
pony,  if  s  better  than  runnin*  'im  roimd  an'  round.' 

'  All  these  &  more  lie  giue  thee  for  thy  loue, 
If  these  &  more,  may  tyce  thy  loue  away.' 

Richard  Babnefield,  The  Affectionait  Skepheard, 
▲.D.  1594. 

*  **  if  I  may  know  after  this 
that  thou  Uce  me,  I-wis 
thou  shalt  haue  the  law  of  the  land.'" 

Sir  Triamcre,  1.  95.     Percy  Folio  MS.,  vol.  ii. 
p.  83,  ed.  Hales  and  Fumivall. 

•  Tyeyn\  or  intycyn*.     Instigo,  allicio.* — Prompt.  Parv, 

TICKLES  [tik-lur'j,  sb.  a  slender  steel  rod  terminated  by  a  hook  at 
a  right  angle,  used  for  stirring  the  fire  slightly. — Shbewsbtjbt; 
Ellesmbrb. 

TICKLISH,  adj.y  pec.  skittish;  mettlesome. — Pulverbatoh.  'I 
dunna  thmk  tiie  mar'  'as  any  vice,  on'y  a  bit  ticklish — donna  stan' 
much  w'ip-cwurd.' 

Bailey— ed.  1727— has  '  Ticklish  [with  Eorsemen\  a  Horse  is  said 
to  be  ticklish^  that  is,  too  tender  upon  the  Spur,  and  too  sensible,  that 
does  not  freely  fly  the  Spur,  but  in  some  measure  resists  them,  throw- 
ing himself  up,  when  they  come  near  and  prick  his  Skin.' 

TICKHET,  TICKVET-WASE  [tikni'],  ab.,  obsols.  common,  coarse 
earthenware. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pitlverbatch  ;  Wem.  •  Theer's  bin 
three  folks  'ere  to-day  56th  tickney^  an*  w'en  I  wanted  some  dishes 
fur  'arr5ost  nobodv  come  nigh.'  The  origin  of  the  term  tickney  may 
be  found  in  the  following : — 

'  There  was  a  Pottery  at  Ticknal  near  Derby  as  early  as  the  16th 
century,  which  produced  articles  of  a  coarse  hard  body,  of  a  dull 
brown  colour,  sometimes  decorated  with  yellow  slip.' — Chatfbb's 
Porcelain,  3rd  ed,,  p.  592. 

Cf.  Orickney-ware. 

TICKHET-XAV,  TICKHET- WOKAV  [55mu'n],  sb.,  obsols.  an 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  443 

itinerant  vendor  of  coarse,  common  earthenware. — Ibid.  'MiBOB, 
don'ee  want  an3rthin'  off  the  iickney-manf — ^'e's  at  the  door.*  Of. 
Crick-man,  &a 

TID  (1),  TIDE  [tid'y  teid*],  sb,  time ;  season, — an  old  word  preserved 
in  the  compound  forms,  Jjuke's-tid  and  New-yis-<t<2e.  See  these 
ante. 

*  Alle  fra  )7e  l^ai  abide, 
\>&t  f^ou  gif  )»am  mete  in  tide. ' 

Metrical  Engliek  Psalter ,  dii  (A.D.  1300,  ante), 
[P«.  civ.  27].     Specim.  Early  Eng.^  ii.  1.  64. 

'  Vemum  tempusy  lenoten-tid,*  occurs  in  an  Anglo-Saxon  Vocabulary , 
xi.  cent.,  in  "Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  i.  p.  76. 

'  A.Sax.,  O.Saz.  Ud;  O.Icel.  Ud;  O.H.Q^rm.  ^t;  tide,  tempuSj  horaj 
— Stbat. 

TID  (2),  adj.  tenderly  careful  of,  and  solicitous  about. — Shbews- 
buby;    Puxverbatoh  ;    Worthen;    Glee  Hills.     *Tum  Lickus 

(Lucas]  is  despert  tid  on  'is  young  55man,  'e*s  afeard  o*  the  winde 
ilowin  on  'er,  aumust.' 
*  O.IoeL  tiie ;  assidutts,*  in  Stbat.    See  below.    Of.  Ghoioe. 

TlilDLE  [tid'l],  V.  a.  to  nurse  and  nurture  tenderly ;  same  as  Taddle, 
q.  V. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch.  *  Nancy,  I'll  gie  yo*  that  little 
ratlin',  if  yo*  can  tiddle  it  up,  it  might  mak*  a  bit  of  a  porket.' 

Bailey—ed.  1727 — has  *  Tiddle,  to  indulge,  or  fondle,  to  make 
much  of.'    So  also  given  by  Ash. 

TiilDLIVO,  sb.  a  delicate  child,  or  weak  young  animal,  that  needs — 
and  receives — tender  care. — Shrewsbury;  Pulverbatch;  Clun; 
Glee  HtlTiS.  '  Maister,  5on*ee  plaze  to  come  an*  look  at  my  tiddlin* 
as  yo'  wun  so  good  to  gie  me  P — 'e  dunna  look  much  like  a  ratlin' 
now,  an'  agen  'e*s  'ad  another  bag  o'  male  'e'll  mak'  a  rar*  pig.' 

Ash  has  '  TiddUng  ,  .  a  fondled  child,  the  youngest  child ;  a  lamb 
brought  up  by  hand.' 

Cf.  A.S.  tidder,  tender;  weak;  frail. 

TIDT  [tei-di'],  ad\  This  word  has  a  wide  range  of  meaning  beyond 
the  ordinary  one  of  neat;  it  signifies — commonly — honest,  thrifty, 
honourable — *  of  good  report ; '  pleasing,  civil ;  pretty  ^od,  above 
mediocrity ;  considerable,  as  in  value,  size,  quantity,  distance,  and 
so  forth,  m  the  idiomatic  sense  of  good.  (1)  '  'E's  a  right  tidy  mon, 
is  John,  al'ays  stiddy  at  'is  work  i'  the  wik,  an'  reg'lar  at  Ohurch  o' 
Sundays — ^if  s  a  pity  as  theer  inna  more  like  'im.'  (2)  '  'fir's  sich  a 
tidy  spoken  55man.'  (3)  'Yo'n  got  a  tidy  pig  theer,  Tummas.' 
(4)  '  They  tellen  me  as  'e's  comen  into  a  tidy  property : '— '  the  Missis 
gid  me  a  tidy  piece  o'  pork:' — *we'n  a  tidv  tu.\hiee  o'  pars  this 
'ear:' — 'it's  a  tidy  step  theer  an'  back;  I  doubt  yo'n  be  despert 
tired.'  Some  examples  of  kindred  usages  of  the  term  tidy  are 
adduced  in  the  followmg  citations  from  early  writers  in  the  Salopian — 
or  near  akin  to  the  Salopian— dialect : — 

'  As  for  a  trewe  tydy  man  '  al  t3nnes  ylyke.' 

Fieri  PL,  Text  B.  pass.  xix.  I  436. 


444  SHROFSHIRB  WOBD-BOOK. 

'  fill  spadi  >e  king  of  Bpa3me  *  to  spede  |k>  nodes, 
as  fast  dies  him  fifty  *  of  f ul  g^te  lordes, 
>at  tidi  men  were  told  *  &  trewest  of  his  reanme/ 

William  of  Paieme,  L  4166. 

'  &  talkeden  bi-twene  *  mani  tidy  wordes.' — Ibid,  L  3077. 

'  Ne  no  tidi  a-tir  '  in  ibemplus  a-raie, 
No  figure  of  fin  gold  '  fourme  |>er-inne.' 

AUscander  and  Dindimuty  L  559. 

*  he  jaf  to  )>e  kowherde  *  a  kastel  f ul  nobul, 
|>e  raireet  ypon  fold  *  )>at  euer  freke  seie. 


and  al  ^at  touched  ]fer  '  to  a  tidi  erldome.' 

William  of  PaUmt,  L  5384. 

'  )>e  kinges  sone  aswi|>e  *  let  sembul  miche  puple, 
ft  triced  him  to  a  tidi  ost  *  of  )>e  tide^ist  biumes, 
)>at  he  nmth  in  )>e  mene  time  *  in  any  maner  gadere.* 

Ihid,  L  3556. 

•  Tydy  .  .  .  Prohu$J — Prompt,  Parv. 

Compare  'O.Do.  tidig;  O.H.Gterm.  ziHger  {tempesUvw),  tidy,*  XQ 
Steat.    See  Ontidy. 

HPT  [tif -t],  «5.  a  hasty  quarrel.  Com.  *  Why  did  you  leave  yonr 
place,  Sarah  ? '  '  WeU,  Ma'am,  the  Missis  an'  me  'ad'n  a  bit  of  a  tifly 
an'  I  gid  'er  notice.' 

TILE  [teil],  V,  a.  to  bait  a  trap  by  hanging  a  morsel  of  food  on  a 
hook. — ^Ptjlyerbatoh.  It  is  said  of  small  eaters  that  they  '  donna 
yet  as  much  as  66d  tile  a  trap.' 

TILL  [til'l,  conj,,  pec,  than, — '  better  tiU  that* — Nbwport  \  Elleb- 
MERK    Uy.  ooin«  in  N,  Shr.    Cf.  Nor. 

TILLING  [til'in],  sb.  the  grain-crops  of  arable  land. — Shrbwbbubt; 
Pulverbatch;  Wem.  Qy.  com.  *Theerll  be  no  gwein  to  the 
wakes,  I  can  teU  yo',  if  we  dunna  get  the  tillin'  'oused  afore  then,  an' 
ifs  'ardly  likely  this  casertly  weather.'  A.S.  tylungy  crop;  firait; 
gain.    See  Lent-tilling. 

TILTEB  [til-tur*],  sb.  Ephemera  vulgata,  the  May-fly. — Shrkib- 
BTTRY;  CiiEE  HiLLS.  Qy.  com.  The  tilter  is  the  green  and  grey 
drake  of  the  fly-fisherman ;  it  derives  its  name  from  the  see-saw,  up- 
and-down  flight  of  the  fuUy-deyeloped  insect, — a  motion  more  espe- 
cially noticeable  in  the  male. 

TILTY  rtil'ti'],  adj.f  obeolsJ  touchy. — ^Pulverbatch.  *I  say,  Jack, 
none  o^  yore  tilty  temper  this  mornin'.' 

TIMBEESOME  [tim-bur'sum],  (1)  adj,,  obsolsA  heavy;  bulky; 
unwieldy. —Pulverbatch.  'The  Maister's  gettin'  too  timberMmu  to 
ride  them  young  'orses ;  a  stiddy  owd  roadster  odd  be  best  fur  *im.' 

(2)  adj\f  ohaols,  tedious ;  troublesome. — Ibid,     '  I  anmia-d>'afe  shaip 
to-day,  the  child's  bin  so  timber»ome  all  night.' 

TIMEB80ME  [tim'ur'sum],  adj.   timid;   fearful — Pulverbatch 


J 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  445 

Mitch  Wenlook;  Newport.    'Whad  a  UmerBome^  frittened  little 
thing  yo*  bin,  to  be  afeard  o'  the  gonder.' 
Pegge  has  *  Timerstymey  fearfuL     North.' 

TIHD  [tin'd],  i;.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  ignite. — Shrewsburt  ;  Pulverbatoh  ; 
WoRTHEN ;  LiTDLOW.  '  I  canna  get  the  fire  to  tind  this  momin',  the 
sticks  bin  as  wet  as  thetch.' 

When  lucifer  matches  were  first  introduced  (about  1834),  an  old 
man  cried  them  about  in  Ludlow — with  the  following  extempore 
rime— 

*  For  lightin*  yore  candles  and  tindin*  yore  fire, 
These  are  the  best  matches !    Whad  can  yo'  desire  P ' 

'  No  man  iendiih  a  lanteme,  and  puttith  in  hidlis,  nether  yndur  a 
buyschel,  but  on  a  candilstike,  that  thai  that  goen  in,  se  li^t.' — Luhe 
xi.  33.     Wycliffite  Version,  ed.  A.D.  1388. 

'  A.S.  teridan,  iyndan;  Dan.  tcend;  Goth,  tandjatif  to  tind,  kindle, 
inflame.'— Strat. 

Compare  Eng.  tindery  also  Kind  (1). 

TDnS  [tei'n],  (1)  ab.  the  prong  of  an  agricultural  fork. — Shrews- 
bury; Pulverbatoh;  Craven  Arms;  Ludlow.  Qy.  com.  in 
8,  8hr,  '  That  fellow's  broke  one  o'  the  tinea  of  my  sharevil  diggin' 
up  a  gooseb'ry  bush,  stid  o'  gettin'  a  spade.'    See  below.    Cf.  Tang  (2). 

(2)  sb,  the  tooth  of  a  harrow  or  other  similar  implement.     Com. 
'Scuffle  with  11  tines,^ — AtKtioneer*8  Catalogue  (Stoddesden),  1870. 

'  A.Sax.  tind;  O.IceL  tindr;  M.H.G^nn.  zint,  tine,  dens,  ramus,* — 
Strat. 

(3)  V.  a.  to  enclose ;  to  hedge  in. — ^Ellesmere,  WeUhampUm.  '  The 
men's  ptittin'  eoss  o*  the  wall  to  tine  the  cats  out,'  said  Mary  Price, 
on  observing  uiat  a  neighbour  was  enclosing  his  garden  with  furze. 

'  All  ould  tenants  shaill  haue,  severall  all  the  yeare,  a  croft  and  a 
medow,  or  a  place  of  medow  ground,  or  more  if  he  will ;  but  the  new 
tenant  may  not  challenge  any  by  costome,  but  [on/y]  by  sufferance 
of  the  ould  tenants ;  but  that  they  leaue  to  tine  and  keep  so  that  his 
neighbor  be  harmelesse  by  cattel ;  but  if  the[y]  be  hurt,  he  shall  be 
greviosely  amerced,  and  largely  make  amends  to  his  neighbor  for  his 
treepasse. — ' *  Costomary  of  Tettenhall  Regis."  A  copy  m»le  22d  July, 
1804.'— ^n^ZM^  Oilde,  their  StaiuteB  and  Ougtoms,  E.  E.  T.  S. 

*  Tynydy  or  hedgydde.    Septus.* — Prompt,  Farv. 
A.».  tynan,  to  hedge  in,  enclose. 

(4^  V.  a.  to  mend  a  hedge.  Qy.  oom.  '  Tine  the  glat,  an'  dunna 
ma^  a  crow's  nist  on  it,'  t.  e.  mend  the  gap  substantifdly,  by  putting 
plenty  of  thorns  and  stakes  in  it. 

TIHED,  adj,  furnished  with  tines.     Qy.  com. 

'  Two  ^re-tined  turnip  forks.' — Audumeer^B  Catalogue  (Longville), 
1877. 

*  Tynydy  wythe  a  tyne,'  ooours  in  Prompt.  Parv,,  p.  4W. 
See  Tine  (1)  and  (2),  above. 

TmO-TAHO,  (1)  sb.  a  peal  of  two  bells :  a  term  derived  from  the 
sound — ^the  lighter  bell  being  ting,  the  heavier,  tang.  Qy.  oom.  'We 
'ad'n  a  grand  weddin*  at  'iUi'ood  o'  Mond'y — ^the  ting-tang  clattered 


446  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

away  56th  a  will — ^tliey  wun  axed-ap  o'  SondYt  so  they  didna  'ang 
lung  i'  the  bell-ropes.' 

g)  V.  n.  to  ring  into  church  with  two  l>ells.    Qy.  com. 
rose  has  *  Ting-tang.    The  little  bell  of  a  church.    N/ 
C£  Tong  (1),  also  Tang  (1). 

TIPE  [tei-p],  V.  a.  to  tip  over;  to  throw  over. — Pulvbrbatch.  *I 
tiped  the  pail  o'er  ddth  my  f  &t.' 

TIPLET  rtipli'J,  adj,  clean ;  tidy ;  smart, — ^but  the  term  is  usually 
employed  in  irony  to  express  something  'quite  other.* — Pulvke- 
BATCH.  '  Han'ee  sin  that  65man — ^that  new  comer  ? '  '  Aye,  'er  looks 
a  tipiey  body,  I  should  tiiink  *er  hanna  weshed  'er  fieuse  iur  a  wik  o' 
Sund'ys.' 

TI88T-BALL,  sh.  a  cowslip-balL  —  Pulverbatgh  ;  Wbm;  Ellbs- 
MERE.  Children  playing  with  a  ball  of  this  kind,  toes  it  up  and 
say — 

'  Ti$$y'h(Ul,  ttMy-hall,  tell  me  true- 
How  many  years  have  I  to  go  through  f  * 

Then,  if  they  catch  it  as  it  comes  down  they  count  it  for  '  a  year/  and 
so,  on  and  on,  as  the  ball  is  tossed  up  and  caught  again. 

Compare  'Tytetust,  or  tusmose  of  flowrys  or  othyr  herb^ 
Ol/actorium,  ....  ''A  Tuttie,  nosegay,  posie,  or  tuzziemuzzie, 
Fcucietdue^  iertum  ol/actorium,** — GoTJiJ)H.  See  Tosty  in  Jennings' 
W*  Country  Olo$9ary ;  and  also  "  Teestv- tosty,  the  blossoms  ot  cow- 
slips collected  together,  tied  in  a  globular  form,  and  used  to  toss  to 
and  fro  for  an  amusement  called  teeaty-toaty.  It  is  sometimes  called 
simply  a  tosty.'*  Donne,  Hist,  of  the  Septuagint,  speaks  of  a  "  girdle 
of  flowers  and  tussies  of  all  fruits  intertyed,"  &c.,  in  Prompt,  Farv. 
and  Notes. 

Cf.  Toasy-baU. 

TIT,  sb,  a  horse.  Com.  '  That's  a  smart  little  tit  o'  the  Maister's^-- 
it  gwuz  off  the  ground  sharpish.' 

'  By  tit$  and  such 
few  gaineth  much.' 
TrrssEB,  8eptemher$  Jbstrad,  ed.  E.  D.  S.,  p.  31. 

Grose  has  <  TU,    A  horse.     N.' 

TITHEB  rtidh-url,  (1)  sb,,  obsoUA  the  sirname  Tudor.— Polveb- 
BATOH.    Mr.  Halliwell  gives  '  Tether,  the  royal  name  Tudor.' 

(2)  V,  a,  to  pet>  as  of  young  things.  —  MuoH  Wenloos.  C£ 
Tiddle. 

TITLARK,  sb,  Anthtts  praietmsy  Meadow  Pipet;  and  Anihus 
arMreus,  Tree  Pipet^  respectively.  Com.  Cf.  Ic^.  tittr,  a  tit,  small 
bird. 

TITTLE-GOOSE,  0b.  a  tattling,  foolish  woman. — Pulvebbitoh. 
'  Han'ee  'eard  whad  Nancy  Bowen's  bin  sayin'  P '  *  No,  I  'anna,  an 
it  dunna  much  matter  whad  sich  a  tittle-goose  as  *er  says.' 

TITTOES,  sb.  pi,  potatoes. — ^Ellbsmbrb.    See  Potatoea. 

TITTOES-AH'-TOUCH,  sb,  potatoes  and  milk,  on  this  wise,— a  diih 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  447 

is  lined  with  mashed  potatoes,  a  well  being  left  in  the  centre,  which 
is  filled  with  hot  milk  having  a  lump  of  butter  in  it ;  into  this  each 
helping  of  potatoes  is  slightly  dipped. — Ellesmeru.  A  story  is  told  of 
a  farmer's  wife  that,  as  she  placed  oef  ore  *  the  men  *  a  supper  of  potatoes 
and  milk  prepared  in  the  manner  here  described,  she  said — fearing 
they  would  help  themselves  too  lavishly  to  the  buttered  milk — '  Now, 
chaps,  yo'  maunna  tak'  it  all  at  wunst,  yo'  maun  touch  it,  an'  touch 
it :  *  wnence  arose  the  term — '  Tittoes  an^  totich  /' 

TITTO&niG  [tituVin],  part,  setting,  or  getting  up,  potatoes. — 
ELI.ESMERE.  '  Our  little  Jack's  gwun  tittorin'  alung  wum  'is  Faither, — 
'e  can  drop  tittoes  as  well  as  a  mon.' 

TITTY  [tit-i'l,  sb.  a  mother^s  breast  or  milk.     Com. 

*  MammilUj  glossed  '  tittcUf  occurs  in  an  Angh-Saxon  Vocabulary, 
z.  or  xi  cent.,  m  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  283. 

*A.Sax.  tiU;  O.Du.  tiUe;  M.H:.a«rm.  zitze,  tit,  wJer.'— Strat. 

TO-BOST,  V,  n.  to  burst  asunder. — Pulvkbbatoh.  *  Mary,  yo*  see 
an'  bring  that  stean  in  to-night ;  if  it  freezes  we  sha'n  '&ve  it  to-bost 
like  the  tother — ^it  wuz  clane  split  i'  two,  like  as  if  it  'ad  bin  cut.' 

'  ^  kouherde  kayred  to  his  house  '  karful  in  hert, 
&  neij  tO'barst  he  for  bale  *  for  |>e  barnes  sake.' 

William  of  PaUme,  L  374. 

To-boet  is  especially  noteworthy  as  an  instance  of  preservation  in 
the  Shropshire  folk-speech,  of  tne  A.S.  verbal  prefix  to-,  meaning 
apart^  asunder ^  in  two  pieces, 

To-bost  =  A.S.  toberatan,  to  burst  asunder,  break,  dash  in  pieces. 
See  '  2V>- '  in  the  GloasaricU  Index  to  William  of  Paler ne^  p.  311. 

TOEfiT  [toah'-r't].     See  Frommet  (1)  and  (2). 

TOEETLY,  adj,  thriving;  promising. — Pulvbrbatoh.  Qy.  com. 
'That's  a  toertly  little  pig  o'  yores,  Yedart.'  'Aye,  it's  a  tidy  aven 
fur  another  'ear.' 

TO  GO  TO  THE  WATEKS,  phr.  to  go  to  the  sea.— Shbewsbubt  ; 
Mitch  Wenlook. 

« 1808.  August  1*.  W"  Beech,  Sarah  Dodd  &  Mary  Weale  to  go  to 
t?ie  mU  water    £o  .  5  .  0.' — Parish  Accounts,  Much  Wenlock. 

Compare  the  French  aller  aux  eaux, 

T0ITBEE8.    See  Tawtrees. 

TOLLBATCH,  ab.  a  miller. — Wellixoton.     See  Batch  (2). 

TOLLIKY  [tol-iki'],  adj,  soiled  and  tumbled. — Pulverbatch  ;  Whit- 
ghttrch;  Ellesmere.  'These  dialogues  [doyleys]  is  very  tollihy^ 
Ma'am,'  said  a  neat  housemaid  to  her  Mistress. 

TOmY-TAILOR,  ab,  the  caterpillar  of  the  Tiger-Moth,— ilre^ia 
eaja.    Com.    Cf.  Woolly-Bear. 

TOM-HOXTP  [turn  nou'p],  ab,  Parua  major^  the  Great  Titmouse. 
Com.  It  is  proverbially  said  of  a  swaggering,  pretentious  little  man 
that,  '  'E's  Hkc  a  Tum-noup  on  a  round  o'  bif.'     See  Nope. 

TO-MOBBOW-DAY,  ab,  the  morrow;  to-morrow. — Shbbwsburt; 
Pulterbatoh;  Ellesmere. 


448  SHBOFSHIRB  WORD-BOOK* 

'ft  when  it  was  on  the  Morrow  day, 
Triamobe  was  in  good  array 
aimed  &  well  dight.' 

Sir  Triamore,  1.  738.    Per^  Fdio  MS.,  vol  n. 
p.  105,  ed.  Hales  and  FomiYalL 

TOITE,  adj.  one.     A  form  but  rarely  used, — *the  tone  on  W:' 
'  both  the  tone  an'  the  tother  on  'em.* — Newport. 

'  Bemembrith  yhow,  this  world  hat  bot  o  naam 
Of  good  or  ewill,  efter  ^he  ar  gone ! 
And  wysly  tharf or  chessith  yhow  the  ion 
Wich  most  aoordith  to  nobilitee.' 

Lancelot  of  the  Laxk,  L  1822. 

'  The  tone  of  them  was  Adler  yonge, 
The  tother  was  Kyng  Estmere.' 

King  Estmere,  L  5,  in  Percy's  Bdiques,  ed.  1765. 

The  tone  =  AS.  pcet  dn.  See  Orammar  Outlmes  (adjedivet  of 
numeration),  p.  xlvi.    See  also  Tother. 

TOHO,  (1)  ah.  the  sound  produced  by  a  slow,  single  stroke  on  a 
church-bell;  the  stroke  itselfl — Pulyesbatch.  Qy.  com.  'The 
bell  gies  a  tong  or  two  Ven  they  comen  out  o'  Church,  jest  to  tall 
folks  to  ^t  the  dinner  ready.'  This  was  said  with  reference  to  a 
usage  which  obtained  at  Ohurton  Church  of  sounding  the  bell  m  tiie 
congre^tion  left,  by  way  of  conveying  a  timely  warning  to  thar 
respective  households — ^far  or  near — tibat  they  were  *  out,'  and  to  baTd 
all  things  in  readiness  for  their  return.  C^  Tin^-tang  (1).  See 
Bk.  n..  Folklore,  &c.,  *  Bells.' 

(2)  V.  a.  and  v.  n.  to  cause  to  sound, — to  sound  in  one  tone,  as  of  a 
church-bell. — Ibid,  '  The  girld  never  pfit  the  net  o'  tatoes  i'  the  Inler 
till  'er  'eard  the  bell  tong,  an'  the  Maister,  'e  wuz  fine  an'  orousiy  at 
the  dinner  bein'  a  bit  late.' 

TOP,  V.  a.  to  snuff  a  candle. — Pulverbatgos  ;  Wbic.  *  Jeet  top  that 
candle, — ^it's  got  a  wick  as  lung  as  a  fortnit.' 

TOP  AND  BTTT,  phr.  to  chop  off  the  tops  and  fibions  roots  d 
turnips. — Clee  Hiixa.    See  But  (3)  and  (4). 

TOP  AND  TAIL,  same  as  above.  Com.  "Er's  workin'  i'  the 
filds  now,  toppin*  an*  taUin^  turmits.' 

TOP  COAL,  ab.  a  very  valuable  coal  for  general  purposes. — ^Collisbt; 
M.T. 

'  The  Yard  and  Top  Coals  contain  specimens  of  the  Cdlamiie,  the 
Stigmarta,  Sigillaria,  and  several  genera  of  the  Lycopodiaeeoe.^ — Nota 
•    on  the  Shropshire  Coal-Field,  by  T.  Parton,  F.G.S.,  1868. 
See  Coal-Field  and  Goal-Names,  pp.  90,  92. 

TOP  O'ER  TAIL  [taayl],  adv.,  dbsoU.  head  over  heels— completely 
over. — PuLVBEBATCH.  *  'E  jest  gid  'im  a  bit  of  a  shove,  an'  'e  weat 
top  c^er  taSl  all  down  the  bonk.' 

'  &  happili  to  l^e  hinde  *  he  hit  )»anne  formest, 
&  set  hire  a  sad  strok  *  so  sore  in  l>e  necke, 
|»at  sche  top  ouer  tail  *  tombled  oner  l^e  hacches.' 

WiUiam  ofPalenu,  L  3774. 


I 

J 


0L0S8ART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   449 

<  **  yee  dance  neither  QuUyard  nor  ha  we, 
Trace  nor  true  mesure,  as  I  trowe, 

but  hopp  as  yee  were  woode." 
when  thev  began  of  ffoote  to  £fayle, 
th^  tumbled  top  ouer  tayle^   . 
&  Master  and  Master  they  yode.' 
John  de  Eeeue,  I.  634.    Percy  Folio  M8.,  vol.  ii.  p.  579, 
ed.  Hales  and  Fumivall. 

TOP-UP,  V.  a,  to  complete  the  top  of  a  stack. — Fulverbatch.  Qy. 
oom.  '  Yo'  mun  get  some  rushes  an'  top-up  the  stack,  it's  too  flat — 
we  sha'n  a  the  clover  spiled.' 

TOBMEFTIL  [taor'men'til],  sb,  Lamium  purpdreum,  red  Dead-nettle. 
— Graven  Arms,  Stokesay,  The  true  TormentU  belongs  to  another 
ffenus — Rosacea — ^and  is  the  plant  referred  to  as  '  Turmentylle,  herbe. 
TormentiUaf*  in  Prompt,  Parv,    See  Dun-nettle. 

TOBBIL  [tor'il],  sb,  a  weak,  mean,  pitiful  person, — one  who  has  a 
sorry  appearance;  a  poor,  ill-nourished  looking  animal. — Pulver- 
batch;  Wellikgton.  Qy.  com.  (1)  'Dunna  yo'  think  as  Tm 
gwe'jn  to  piit  up  doth  a  poor  torril  like  'im — I'll  plaze  my  eye,  if  I 
plague  my  'eart.  (2)  *  I  think  yo'n  feed  yore  cauve  to  djeth — ^it  looks 
a  poor  torril.^ 

T08SICATED  [tos-i'kaitid],  adj.,  obaoJsJ  harassed;  worried, — 
*  upset^'  as  by  vexation  or  trouble. — Pitlverbatch.  *  Poor  owd 
Molly  looks  bad,  'er's  bin  sadly  tossicated  lately  6dth  one  thing  or 
tother — Jack  gwein  fur  a  sodger,  an'  the  poor  owd  mon  bein'  'urt,  an' 
altogether.' 

T08ST-BALL,  same  as  Tissy-ball,  q.  v. — Shrewsbury. 

TOT,  eb.  a  small  drinking-cup,  holding  from  about  quarter  of  a  pint 
to  half  a  pint.  Com.  '  Tak'  a  can  o*  owd  beer  an'  a  couple  o'  tots, 
an'  gie  'em  a  tot  apiece  jest  to  finish  up.'  Harvest-beer  is  served  out 
to  the  men,  after  dinner  and  supper,  in  small  tots.    See  Tottle,  below. 

TOTHEB,  adj.  other, — *  one  thing  or  tother  ; ' — *  this  or  the  tother^ 
w'ich  yo'n  a  mind  to.'    Com. 

'  No  man  may  seme  tweyn  lordis,  for  ethir  he  schal  hate  the  toon, 
and  loue  the  tother ;  ethir  he  shal  suste3rne  the  toon,  and  dispise  the 
Mhir:—MaU,  vi.  24,  Wycliffite  Version,  a.d.  1388. 

The  tother  =  the  other,  that  other  =  A.S.  \x3Et  o)rfre,  where  Y<^  is 
the  neuter  gender  of  the  definite  article.  See  Grammar  Outlines 
{adjectives  of  numeration^  p.  xlvi.     See  also  Tone. 

TOTTLE,  sb.  a  tot-ful. — Pulvkrbatoh.  'Jest  gie  the  men  a  tottle 
o'  owd  beer  apiece,  after  thar  supper,  an'  tell  'em  as  that'll  pin  up 
the  bag,'  t.  e.  wiU  be  the  last  the  occasion  will  afford.  To  pin  vp  the 
hag  is  to  conclude  an  affair — ^to  'finish  up,*  as  of  Harvest-supper, 
Christmas  merry-making,  or  other  like.  Cf.  Thinkle.  See  Grammar 
Oatlines  {nouns  compounded  ttnth  -Ail),  p.  zliii. 

TOTTT,  adj,  exhilarated  with  drink — not  absdlutely  drunk  :  a  man 
in  this  latter  stage  of  intoxication,  would  be  said  to  have  had  '  a  tot 
too  much.' — PuLYERBATOH.  *  'Ow  did  the  Maister  come  wham  laa^ 
night— wuz  '  e  drunk  ? '     '  Oh  no !  on' y  jest  a  bit  totty. * 

G  G 


450  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  Then  came  October  full  of  meny  glee ; 
For  yet  his  noule  was  tatty  of  the  miiBt, 
Which  he  was  treading  in  the  wine-fats  see.' 

8PSH8ER,  F,  Q.,  Bk.  yn.  c  Yii  st  zxzix. 

See  Tctty,  in  Hal.    G1  Fresh  (1),  also  Karket-peart. 

TOITZLE  [tou'zl],  r.  a.  to  put  into  disorder ;  to  tarn  things  oyer 
roughly;  to  rumple. — Sh&ewsbubt;  Pulverbatch  ;  Beidgnobth; 
EllS83C£BE.  Qv.  com.  *  Dunna  iotizle  that  drawer  o'er—it  was  on'y 
isterd'y  as  I  fettled  it,  w*en  I  pfit  my  best  gownd  away.' 

*  May  neyer  wicked  Fortune  touzle  him ! 
May  nerer  wicked  men  bamboozle  him !  * 

ROBEBT  BuBN8|  Poems,  p.  122, 1.  31,  c.  2. 

Compare  *  To-tused  *  =  entirely  rumpled  or  tumbled,  in  Hawiek 
the  Dane : — 

*  And  bemard  sone  ageyn  [him]  nam, 
Al  to-ttued  and  al  to-torn.^— L  1948. 

Bailey— ed.  1727— has  *  Tou'zUd,  pulled  about,  tumbled,  rumpled.' 
'  Low  Du.  tusdn^  to  pull  or  hale  about ;  to  tug.' — Wedo. 
See  TimeU  in  Jamiesoit.    Cf.  Tose,  below. 

TOWTHEEIHO  [toudhur'in],  part,  adj.  flocking,  or  streaming  out, 
an  sheep  breaking  pasture,  or  bees  coming  forth  from  the  hive.— 
Pulverbatch  ;  Welukgton.  *  Them  ship  ban  made  a  glat  i'  the 
'edge,  an*  a  bin  towtherin*  out  o*  the  leasow  into  the  lane— yo*d'ii 
better  look  sharp  an*  fatoh  'em  up.'    Cf.  Kaming  (1). 

TOZE  [toa'zl,  (1)  V.  a.  to  pull  asunder,  or  open,  the  locks  of  wool 
with  the  nngers, — a  process  preparatory  to  carding  =  to  Utm^  in 


modem  English.— Pulverbatch  ;  Coevb  Dale.    See  example  isi 
voce  Tag. 

*  What  schepe  that  is  full  of  wulle. 
Upon  his  backe  they  tote  and  puUe.' 

JoHK  GowBR  (A.D.  1393),  Cofi/eMto  Amadu 
(Prologue), 

*  Thinkest  thou,  for  that  I  insinuate,  or  toazie  from  thee  thy  busmess, 
I  am  therefore  no  courtier  ?  I  am  courtier  cap-a-pe ;  and  one  tiiat 
will  either  push  on  or  pluck  back  thy  business  there :  whereupon  I 
command  tnee  to  open  thy  affair.' — Winter'*  Tale,  IV.  iv.  60. 

Compare  *  Toxise   in  Measure  for  Measure,  V.  i.  313. 

Bailey— ed.  1727— gives  *To  Toze,  to  pull  asunder,  to  make  soft;' 
also,  '  To'zyness,  Softness,  like  taxed  WoolL' 

•Toson'  wulle  or  other  lyke  (tosyn  or  to$e  wul,  S.).  Carpo,  **I 
toose  wolle,  or  cotton,  or  suche  lyke ;  je  force  de  laine,  and  je  charpie 
de  la  laine :  It  is  a  great  craft  to  tose  woUe  weL" — Palso.  "  Toaing, 
carptura ;  to  tose  wool  or  lyne,  carpo,  earmino.** — Gk)ULDM.' — Prompt 
Parv.  and  Notes. 

Mr.  Wedgwood  says,  *  To  tause  wool  is  to  pull  the  flocks  to  pieces 
and  lay  them  together  again ; '  he  refers  the  term  to  Low  Du«  tuidn; 
Qerm.  xausen.    Cf.  Touale,  above. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  pluck  with  the  claws,  as  cats  do,  when — ^in  stretching 
their,  fore-legs— they  press  against  any  object  with  extended  paws.— 


GLOSSA.BT  OF  AROHAIO  AND  PEOVINOIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  451 

PuLYBBBATOH.    *  Dmo  that  cat  off— 'er'U  toze  the  cushion  all  to 
pieces.' 

TSAMMEL  [tr*am'li'l],  v.  n.  to  go  some  little  distance  for  any  pui^ 
pose,  as  being  compelled  to  do  so,  and  going  with  reluctance. — 
Ellesmebe,  Welahampton.  *  I  maun  trammel  all  the  way  to  EUes- 
mei^  after  that  tay,  I  reckon,  fur  I  conna  get  non'  no  nigher.' 

TBAMMEL-HET|  ah,  a  drag-net  used  for  taking  salmon  and  trout 
in  the  Seyem. — ^Bbidonobth.  This  net  is  usually  from  40  to  60 
yards  long,  and  about  6  ft.  wide ;  one  side  of  it  is  tied  up  at  short 
distances  with  string,  so  as  to  fold  oyer  and  form  a  kind  of  pouch, 
thus  making  it  less  easy  for  the  fish  to  escape  as  the  net  drags  the 
bottom  of  the  riyer — this  side  is  sunk  with  lead-weights ;  the  opposite 
one  is  floated  with  corks,  and  has  at  each  end  a  long  line,  by  which 
two  men — one,  in  a  boat,  the  other,  on  the  riyer-bank — drag  the  net 
across  and  down  the  streauL  Trammd-net  is  a  redundant  form; 
frammd  is  an  old  word,  meaning  net,    Spenser  uses  it — 

'  Her  golden  lockes  she  roundly  did  uptye 
In  breaded  tramds,  that  no  looser  heares 
Did  out  of  order  staray  about  her  daintie  eares/ 

F,  Q,y  Bk.  n.  c.  ii  st.  xy. 

Bailey — ed.  1727 — ^has  '  Trammel  [tramail,  F."] a  Sort  of 

Net  for  Fowling,  also  for  Fishing.' 
See  Tramelj  in  Wedo.    Fr.  tramail;  It.  tramdglio,  a  net ;  trammel. 

TSAHCEEB  [tr'an'shur*!  sb.  a  wooden  platter. — Fulyebbatoh. 
'To'  can  al'ays  tell  a  clane  saryant  by  the  piggins  an'  trancliers.* 
Traneheri  (or  trenchers)  were  formerly  used  for  cold  meat ;  they  are 
chiolde  for  that  purpose,  but  are  still  in  common  requisition  as  bread- 
platters. 

*Fr.  traneJunr,  a  platter.  O.Fr.  TrencJier  .  .  .  trancher,  tranoher, 
tailler,  couper.' — ^BuB. 

0£  Trencher.    See  Piggin  (1),  also  Treen. 

TRAHK^MEHTS,  sb.  pi  odds  and  ends  lying  about.  Com. 
'  Now  then,  young  uns,  dier  away  yore  tranklementa? 

ISAPSE  [tr'ai'ps],  (1)  v.  n.  to  walk  in  a  sloyenly  way — a  term 

Senerally  used  with  regard  to  mud  and  mire,  but  occasionally  to  the 
ust  of  roads.    Com. 

'  I  hate  the  sight  o'  women  going  about  trapaeing  from  house  to 
house  in  all  weaOiers,  wet  or  dry,  and  coming  in  with  their  petticoats 
dagged,  and  their  shoes  all  oyer  mud.' — Geobob  Eliot,  Scenes  frwn 
Clerical  Life  (Amos  Barton). 
Ash  giyes  '  Traipse,  To  walk  in  a  careless  or  sluttish  manner.' 

(2)  V.  a.  to  make  dirty  footmarks  by  heedless  steps  to  and  fro. 
Com.  *  That  careless  wench  comen  in  ddth  the  pails  jest  after  I'd 
swilled  the  fiur,  an'  trapsed  it  all  o'er.' 

(3)  V.  n.  to  walk  in  a  heayy,  sluggish  way. — ^Wem.  '  'E  wuz  trips- 
ing  idung  o'er  the  follow  as  if  'e*d  neither  lost  nur  won.' 

(4)  sh.  a  long,  dirtjr,  tiring  walk — ^purposeless  as  to  results,  being 
generally  understood  in  the  application  of  the  term.  Com.  *  A  fine 
*^ —  I  ad  fur  nuthin'  I — the  folks  wun  out  w'en  I  got  theer.' 

GO  2 


452  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

TRASH,  (1)  ab.  a  slattern ;  a  sony,  worthless  kind  of  penon.— 
Bridonobth  ;  Whttghurch  ;  EtJiKSITRRR.     '  Er's  a  reglar  trtuh— 
I  dunna  know  'ow  the  Missis  piits  up  wuth  'er.  fur  I  comdna.' 
Compare  Shakespeare's  *  poor  trtuh  of  Yenioe.' — CHhdlo,  IL  i.  311 

(2)  V.  n.  to  walk  oyer  land  in  a  heedless  way — ^to  trample  it  down 
so  as  to  injure  it,  or  the  crops  growing  upon  it. — Ihtd,  *  If  the 
French  did  come  'ere,  they  might  spile  the  land  a  hit — ^they  met* n 
trcuh  o*er  it»  hut  they  oouldna  carry  it  away  wi'  *em:'  so  said  a 
farmer  in  the  neighhourhood  of  WhixalL  Compare  Shakespeare's 
use  of  the  word  trash  as  a  verb  in  Othdlo,  IL  L  312.  See  Troth  in 
Nabes. 

TBEE  (1),  TBBT  [tr'ee-I Com.  [tr'ai],  Nbwport, $b.,pec,h flower- 
pot plant  of  any  woody  kind.  '  Eh !  si  that  mon — 'e*s  plontin'  treys,' 
said  an  Edgmond  child,  on  seeing  a  gardener '  bedding  out '  geraniuma. 
The  form  trey$  appears  in  the  Porkington  M8. — ^temp.  Ed.  lY.—as 
follows : — 

'  Whenne  the  mono  is  in  Tauro,  hit  is  good  to  plante  treys  of  ^pyna, 
and  whenne  hit  is  in  Cancro,  in  Leone,  or  in  Libra,  thanne  hit  is  good 
to  werche  in  treya  that  be  new  spronge  .  .  .  Also  to  remove  treyt  to 
place  to  place :  ^iff  it  be  a  grete  tre,  or  a  tre  that  berythe  the  finite, 
chese  the  a  fulle  mono  . . .' — Early  English  Miscellanies  in  Prose  and 
Verse,  edited  by  J.  O.  Halliwell  for  the  Warton  Club,  1855,  p.  66. 

*  A.Sax.  tredw;  O.Sax.  tris;  Goth,  iriu;  O.Fris.,  OJoeL  tre,  tree.' 
— 5tkat. 


ly  writers,  witn  tne  meaning 
staff  of  wood.     '  Dore-ire,^  ie.  the  bar  of  the  door,  occurs  in  Haudok 
the  Dane : — 

'  Hauelok  lifte  up  \>e  dore-tre. 
And  at  a  dint  he  slew  hem  ^re.* — I,  1806. 

Cf.  Spittle-tree.    See  Swingle-tree,  also  Tawtree. 

TREEN  [tr'ee*n],  adj.  wooden, — a  term  applied  to  utenails  for  domestic 
purposes,  and  sometimes  used  eUiptically  to  denote  the  things  them- 
selves. — CoBYE  Dale  ;  Bbtdonokth. 

*  Plow^  and  harwe  coude  he  di^t, 
Treen  beddes  was  he  wont  to  make.' 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  CoU.  Trin.  Cantab.,  t  77,  L  12888. 

TuBser  says,  '  Treene  dishes  be  homely ;  * — see  '  Dinner  Katters,' 
ed.  E.  p.  S.,p.  176. 

Harrison,  m  his  Description  of  England — AD.  1677 — speaking  of 
things  *  greatlie  amended  *  in  his  day,  of  which  one  was  '  Furniture 
of  household,*  says  with  reference  to  this : — '  The  third  thing  they 
tell  of,  is  the  exchange  of  yessell,  as  of  treene  platters  into  pewt^,  and 
woodden  spoones  into  siluer  or  tin.  For  so  common  were  all  sorts  of 
treene  stuffe  in  old  time,  that  a  man  should  hardlie  find  foure  p^eoee 
of  pewtor  (of  which  one  was  peraduenture  a  salt)  in  a  good  fanner's 
house.* 

*  Tumynge,  or  throwynge  of  treyn  vessel.     Treeti  is  retained  in  E. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   453 

Ang^lian  dialect  as  an  adjective,  wooden.    See  Moor's  Suffolk  Words, 
V.  Ti*eeii.* — Prompt,  Parv,  and  Notes, 

Soe  I^gin  (1),  also  ^uaigh  (1)  and  Trancher. 

TBEHCHEE  [tr'en'shur'],  sb.  a  wooden  platter — same  as  Tranoher, 
q.  T.     Com. 

'  The  little  otUd  Buttery  some  few  trenchers,' — Inventory  .  .  .  Owlbury 
Manor-House,  Bishop's  Castle,  1625. 

*  He  that  waits  on  another  man's  trencher  makes  many  a  late 
dinner.' — Bay's  Proverbs,  p.  22. 

TBIGKLIHOS  [tr'ik'linz],  8b.  sheep's  dung. — Pulverbatgh.  It 
was  formerly— -before  the  age  of  vaccination — a  popular  belief  that 
'ship's  tricklin'Sf'  duly  administered,  would  cure  the  small -pox. 
'  Bessy,  yo'  mind  as  urauny  dunna  put  ship's  tr%cklin*a  i'  my  yarb- 
tay,  I  canna  tak'  it  if  'er  does — nod  if  I'm  marked  ever  so.' 

TBIFLIHO,  cuij.,  pee,  tedious ;  tiresome ;  troublesome :  said  of  any 
employment  that  takes  up  a  good  deal  of  time,  and  has  little  to  show 
for  it.  ~ Wo&THEN,  Cherbury.    See  example  sub  voce  Winberry. 

T&IO  [tr'ig],  (1)  v,a.  to  trick  out;  to  make  spruce. — Pulverbatgh. 
Bbidonorth.  *  Sally's  gwein  to  the  Club — I  warrant  'er'll  trig  out 
in  all  'er  finery.' 

'  And  mak  yoursells  as  trig,  head,  feet,  and  waist, 
As  ye  were  a'  to  get  young  lads  or  e'en.' 

Allan  Kamsay,  The  Gentle  Shepherd,  II.  i.  p.  26. 

(2)  »b,  a  small  gutter, — same  as  Bigol  (1),  <}.  v. — Pulverbatgh  ; 
Wellinoton.     *  xo'  nee'na  cut  it  dip— on'y  a  bit  of  a  trig,'^ 

(3)  V.  a.  to  make  shallow  furrows,  or  trigs,  as  between  seed-beds 
for  onions,  carrots,  &&, — *I  trigged  the  ground  afore  I  ptit  the  seed 
in.' — Wellington. 

TEIM,  V,  a.,  pee,  to  chide ;  to  chastise.  Com.  '  Yore  Mother^ll 
trim  yo',  if  yo'  dunna  come  back.' 

TBIMPLE  [tr'im'pl],  v,  n.  to  limp ;  to  tread  gingerly, — to  walk  as 
people  do  who  suffer  from  corns,  or  tender  feet,  or  whose  shoes  hurt 
them. — Pulverbatgh;  Wellinoton.  *'0w  that  chap  trimples 
alung — 'e  met  be  walkin'  on  sparables.' 

TBIHDLE  [tr'indll,  (1)  sb.  the  wheel  of  a  barrow. — Ellbsmers. 
I  Yo'  maun  grace  tne  trindle  o'  that  w'^elbarrow,  I  conna  bar  to  'ear 
it  aquaikin'. 

'  Wheel  carriages  I  ha'e  but  few, 
Three  carts,  an'  twa  are  f eckly  new ; 
Ae  auld  wheelbarrow,  mair  for  token, 
Ae  leg,  an'  baith  the  trams,  are  broken ; 
I  made  a  poker  o'  the  spin'le. 
An'  my  auld  mother  brunt  the  trin*le,* 

Bobert  Burns,  Poems,  L  33,  p.  104. 

'  Hee  troilia,  a  trindyUe,'  occurs  in  a  Nominale,  xv.  cent.,  amon^ 
other  terms  relating  to  spinning,  and  Mr.  Wright  gives  the  glossanal 
note : — <  The  wheel.  It  is  still  m  use  in  the  dialect  of  Derbyshire.' — 
See  Wr.  vooabs.,  voL  i.  p.  217. 


454  8UR0P8HIRK  WORD-BOOK. 

•A.8ax.,  M.H.Genii.  trendd,  trendle  {trindU,  trundle),  hoop/- 
Strat.    See  Tmndle. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  wheel,  as  a  burow. — Ibid. 

'  M.H.OeniL  trendfU,  to  trindle  (trundle).'— Stbat. 

(3)  r.  a.  to  twirl  a  mop  rapidly — ^by  a  dexterous  movement— 1»- 
tween  the  hands  and  arma.— Shhewsbukt;  Pulvbbbatoh.  Qy.  oonL 
*  The  wilnt*8  put  sich  a  rongh  stale  i*  the  mop,  it  tars  the  skin  off  my 
arms  to  irindle  it.' 

(4)  $h,  a  disc  used  by  blacksmiths  for  measuring  the  circmnferenoe 
of  wheels — a  *  traveller.' — ^Whitchubch. 

TROLLOP,  (1)  8h,  a  slattern.  Com.  *  I  never  sid  sich  a  trolhp  u 
that  5oman — *er  petticuts  wun  dagged  'afe  a  yard  dip.' 

(2)  9h.  an  unbroken  &11,  a  term  used  with  reference  to  a  peiwn 
falling  helplessly.—*  'fi  come  down  wi'  sich  a  «ro?fop. '—Whitchuech. 

T&OLLT,  nh.  a  low,  two-wheeled  cart^  used  for  the  Kghter  kinds  of 
field  work.—PuLVERBATCH;  Cluk;  Ludlow;  Bbidonorth.  *Ir8 
no  use  takin'  the  waggin  tan  them  fyeow  faggits,  the  tniay  an  i 
couple  o*  'orses  ool  bring  'em  aisy.' 

TROVSE  [tr'ou-s],  sh.  hedge-cuttings, — such  as  are  taken  oot  in 
•  laying/  or  *  pleaching,'  a  hedge,  and  which  are  serviceable  in  mcDd- 
ing  the  gaps,  Ac  Com.  *  Some  o*  that  rough  trouu  661  be  rar'  stuff 
fox  breastin'  the  'edge  to  keep  the  ship  out.'  . 

*  Provided  always  that  they  be  laid  with  green  willow  bastons,  and 
for  de&ult  thereof,  with  vine  cuttings  or  such  trousUy  so  that  theylid 
half  a  foot  thick.'— Holland's  P/tny,  in  Wedg. 

Mr.  Wedgwood  says,  *  Ttmm  is  still  used  in  Hereford  for  the  trim- 
mings of  hedges.'  He  refers  the  term  to  « O.N.  trw,  offid,  rabbub; 
N.  frM,  broken  branches  in  a  wood,  dry,  broken  twigs.' 

Cf.  BrooM. 

TBOW  [tr'oa*],  (1).    See  Kneading-trow. 

(2)  [ti^oa*],  «&.,  ofti.  a  Severn  trading  vessel — a  barge  on  a  Tery 
large  scale— wide,  flat-bottomed,  and  scmooner-rigged,  usually  about 
80,  or  from  80  to  90,  tons  burthen,  occasionally  larger  still,  and  som^ 
times  smaller ;  there  were  trmoB  of  not  more  than  40  tons :  they  usea 
to  navieate  up-stream,  beyond  Shrewsbury,  as  high  as  Pool  Qii^yi 
but  no  mrther.  Trowf  have  long  ceased  to  ply  up  and  down  Sbro^ 
shire  Severn,  discharging  and  taking  in  cargo  at  uie  different  whs^ 
in  the  course  of  their  passage — '  nous  avon$  changi  tout  otla*  ^^^^ 
Age  of  Bailways— but  the  name  of  the  old  vessel  is  still  preserved 
[1880]  as  a  Public-house  sign,  *  TAs  Trwo,'  at  Jackfield  (Siilop> 

TSOWKAV,  «&.,  obs.  the  sailing-master  or  captain  of  a  trow. 

'  This  Indenture  made  the  Twenty  Seventh  Day  of  Angast  in  ^ 
Twenty  Sixth  Tear  of  the  Beigne  of  our  Sovereigne  Lord  George  the 
second  by  the  Grace  of  Qod  of  great  Brittain  France  and  Ireland 
King  Defender  of  the  Faith  and  so  forth  and  in  the  Year  oi  oar 
Lord  One  Thousand  Seven  hundred  and  Fifty  two  Between  John 
Bogers  of  the  Town  of  Shrewsbury  in  the  County  of  Salop  Trowma^ 
ana  Martha  his  Wife  of  the  one  part  and  ^omas  Bogen  of  ih«  ^m 


GLOSSARY  OF  ABOUAIG   AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   455 

Town  of  Shrewsbury  Trowman  and  Brother  of  the  said  John  Bogera 
of  the  other  part  &c.  Ac* 

The  foregoing  is  quoted  from  the  preamble  to  a  private  deed  which 
seems  to  relate  to  the  transfer  of  some  property  at  Frankwell  (Shrews- 
bury) :  the  deed  itself  is  endorsed, — *  Owner  John  Eogers^s  Settlement/ 
Trourman  occurs  in  an  old  Bridgnorth  Burgess-list  as  follows : — 
'Thomas  Boberts  of  Bewdley  Trowman  12  Sep.  1745. 

*  John  Steward  of  Bewdley  Trowman  11  May  1745.* 

The  persons,  whose  names  are  thus  recorded,  were  admitted  to  the 
Freedom  of  Bridgnorth,  on  the  dates  specified. 

*  The  yonger  son  of  Charles  Eeve  of  Myddle  Wood,  had  lived  a  yeare 

and  more  in  Glostershire Our  officers  brought  him  beefore 

Mr.  Rowland  Hunt,  and  there  hee  declared  upon  oath  that  his  last 

settlement  was  in  the  Parish  of ,  in  Glostershire,  and  there  an 

order  was  made  to  bring  him.  Thither  hee  was  sent  by  water  to 
Gloster ;  Faireley  of  Atcham,  the  trowman^  had  seven  shillings  to 
bring  him  thither  and  to  maintaine  him  by  the  way.' — Gouoh's  HU- 
iory  of  Myddle,  p.  168. 

See  Owner. 

TBTTB  [tr'ub*],  adj\  neat;  tidy;  trim. — Pcjlverbatoh.     ''Is  Mother 
wuz  a  mighty  tid^r  5oman — 'er  al'ays  looked  so  clane  an'  <rtt5.' 
Mr.  Halliwell  gives  *  Trub,  a  slattern,*  as  a  Dtvonahirt  word. 

TBTTCKy  sb.  dealings, — to  have  '  no  truck. '  with  a  person — the  term 
is  always  used  with  a  ne^tion — ^is  to  have  nothing  to  do  with  him, 
to  wash  one's  hands  of  him.     Com. 

T&UJVDLE  [tr'un'dl],  ah,  a  brewing-vessel ;  a  round  cooler. — Pulvkr- 
BATCH.  <  Better  part  the  drink,  it's  gettin'  too  warm — ptit  some  i'  the 
trundle.'    See  Stbat.  auh  voce  Trui<Ue  (1).     Of.  Bunlet. 

TVKBKSL,  sb.  a  heavy,  broad-wheeled  cart,  used  for  carrying 
manure,  for  the  most  part.    Com. 

*  Broad- wheel  tumbrel* — Auctioneer' $  Catalogue  (Lon^Ue),  1877. 
TuB8er  has  'Light  tumbrel  and  doong  crone,'  in  his  'husbandHe 

fdmiture : '  see  p.  36,  ed.  £.  D.  S. 
The  Prompt.  Parv.  gives  '  Tomerel,  donge  cart.' 

TUKHT,  «5.,  si  A  bread  and  cheese — £llesmbrb;  Wem.  Qy.  com. 
'  Whad'n'ee  got  fur  yore  dinner  ? '  said  a  child  to  his  school- fellow, 


aha'n  b6oth  be  the  richer.' 

TVMKT-AWK,  sb,  a  dung-fork,  carried  at  the  back  of  the  cart,  and 
used  to  scrape  out  the  manure,  on  the  land,  as  it  is  required. — 
Wbh  ;  Ellbsmsrs.  The  term  seems  to  be  a  ludicrous  corruption  or' 
tomahawk.    Of.  Donnuk. 

TTmp,  (1)  sb,  a  mound, — ^such  as  is  raised  by  ants  or  moles. — 
Shrbwsburt;  Pulverbatch;  Wo&then;  Coryb  Dale;  Clee 
Hills;  Ludlow;  Bbidonorth;  Much  Wenloox;  Wellinoton. 
'  I  believe  the  fros'  is  gwein,  fur  I  see  5dnty-(ump«  throwed  up  i'  the 
meadow.' 
W.  twmp,  a  mound.    See  Anty-tump,  also  Sdnty-tump. 


*w< 


456  SHKOPSHIRB  WORD-BOOK. 

(2)  $b.  a  store-heap  of  potatoes,  turnips,  &c.  coyered  with  straw  or 
fern,  and  enclosed  with  earth. — Ibid.  '  Yo'n  got  a  rar*  tump  o'  tatoes, 
Tummas.'  *  Aye,  theer's  more  fyam  an*  mowld  than  tatoes,  Miaister.' 
Of.  Bury  (2),  also  Hod  (1)  and  Hog  (3). 

(3)  V,  a.  to  put  potatoes,  &c.  into  a  tump. — Ibid.  *  Fve  bin.  sortin' 
tatoes  an*  puttin^  'em  into  the  trenches,  fur  John  to  tump  w*eii  'e 
laves  off  work.*  See  example  $ub  voce  Stelcli  (1).  Of.  Hoa  (2),  also 
Hog  (3). 

(4)  sb.  a  clump,  as  of  trees. — Wbm  ;  Whitchubch  ;  Ellbsmsbs. 
^e  can  see  the  tump  o*  trees  at  The  Crimps  from  our  'ouae,*  said  a 

Welshampton  woman. 

'  When  he  was  come  to  the  top  of  the  long,  black  combe 

he  stopped  his  little  na^  short  of  the  crest,  and  got  off  and  looked 
ahead  of  him,  from  behmd  a  tump  of  whortles.' — &,  D.  Bulckmobb, 
Loma  DoofUf  A  Bomance  of  Exmoor,  p.  188,  ed.  1878. 

W.  twmpath,  a  bush. 

TUV-DISH,  (1)  «&.  a  tin  funnel  for  filling  bottles.— Shrewsbury  ; 
Atcham  ;  PuLYERBATCH ;  Bbidokobth  ;  Newport.    Qj.  com. 
*  Filling  a  bottle  with  a  tun-diah.* — Measure  for  Measure^  IH.  iL  182. 

(2)  same  as  Tonning-dUh,  below. — Shrewsbury;  Newport. 

TVmnHO-DISH,  sb.  a  wooden  funnel,  used  for  filling  barrels. — 
Shbbwsburt;  Ellesmerb,  Welshampton;  Wem. 

'  Hoc  colum.  Hoc  infusorium,  An"  tunnyng,'  occurs — under  the  head, 
*  Panducsator  cum  suis  Instrumentis* — ^in  a  Pictorial  Vocahularyt  xr. 
cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  yoI.  i.  p.  276. 

*Infusoriumy  A  tunnell,  an  eure.' — Diet.  Etym.  Lot, 

TUHVIHO-OAinr,  8<tme  as  above.— Ellbsmbrb.     See  Gann  (2). 

TUJnPAIL,  same  as  above. — Pulverbatch  ;  Cravbn  Arub  ;  Chubch 
Stretton;  Bridonorth. 

<  Lading-bucket  and  tunpail,^ — AwHoneet's  Catalogue  (Longvilla), 
1877. 

TUP,  lib.  a  ram.     Com. 

*  O  Lord,  when  hunger  pinches  sore, 

Do  thou  stand  us  in  need, 
And  send  us  from  thy  bounteous  store, 
A  tup  or  wether  head  I    Amen.' 

Bobert  Bxtrns,  Poems,  p.  175,  L  16. 

'  Hie  vervex,  A*"  a  tuppe.'— ^ominale,  xv.  cent,  in  Wr.  Yocaba., 
YoL  i.  p.  219. 
'  VerveXf  A  weather  or  sheep.' — Did,  Etym.  Lot, 

TTJSFi  sb.  peat,  dried  and  cut  into  pieces  for  fuel, — each  several 
piece  is  called  *  a  turf; '  the  plural  form  is  turfs. — ^.  Shr. 

*  Good  turffe  and  peate,  on  mossie  ground  is  won, 
Wherewith  eood  fires,  is  made  for  man  most  meete. 
That  bumeth  deere,  and  yeelds  a  savour  sweete 
To  those  which  have  no  nose  for  dayntie  smell, 
The  finer  sort,  were  best  in  court  to  dwell.' 

Ohxtrchtabd's  Poems,  p.  114, 1. 4. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC,  457 

'  For  fewell,  although  many  of  the  greatest  woods  are  cutt  downe, 
yet  there  is  sufficient  left  for  timber  and  fire-boot  for  most  tenements. 
There  is  likewise  a  Turbary  in  Haremeare  which  belongs  to  the  Lord 
of  the  Manor,  and  was  formerly  a  great  benefit  to  the  neighbours ; 
but  now  they  haye  taken  a  trade  of  earning  them  to  Shrewsbury  and 
selling  them ;  soe  that  the  Turbary  is  much  wasted  and  the  Turfe$ 
are  much  dearer.  Soe  that  a  yard  of  peates  which  was  formerly  at 
8d.  is  now  sett  at  2s.  Note  that  a  yard  of  peates  is  80  square  yards, 
viz. : — soe  many  peates  as  can  bee  £gged  in  and  layd  to  dry  upon  soe 
much  ground.' — Gough'8  History  of  MyddXe^  p.  175. 

*  With  whinnes  or  with  furzes  thy  houell  renew, 
for  iurft  or  for  sedge,  for  to  bake  and  to  brew : 

For  charcole  and  sea  cole,  as  also  for  thacke, 
for  tallwood  and  billet,  as  yeerlie  ye  lacke.' 
Tttbseb,  F\\yt  Hundred  Fointes  o/Oood  HushandrU  [June]. 

'  Turfe^  of  flagge,  swarde  of  ^  et\>e,  Ce$peB,  **  Turfe  of  the  fenne, 
Tourhe  de  ierre.  Turfe  flagge  sworde,  Tourbe,^ — ^Palso.  *«  A  Turfe, 
eupeSy  gleha.  A  Turfe  grafte,  iurharium,^* — Cath.  Ano.  The  dis- 
tinction above  intended,  seems  to  be  retained  in  East  Anglian  dialect, 
according  to  Forby,  who  gives  the  following  explanation ; — "  Turf,  «. 
peat ;  fuel  du^  from  boffgy  ground.  The  dictionaries  interpret  the 
word  as  meaning  only  the  surface  of  the  ground  pared  ofE.  These 
we  call  flags,  and  they  are  cut  from  dry  heaths  as  well  as  from  bogs. 
The  substance  of  the  soil  below  these  is  turf.  Every  separate  ^rtion 
is  a  turf  and  the  plural  is  turves,  which  is  used  by  Chaucer"  |,C7.  7*., 
1.  10109].  In  Somerset  likewise,  peat  cut  into  fuel  is  called  turf  and 
turvtBy  according  to  Jennings'  Glossary.' — Prompt.  Parv,  and  Notes, 

'A.Sax.  turf;  O.Icel.  torfa;  O.H.Germ.  zurha^  turf.' — Strat. 

See  Black-MuUock,  also  Whixall-bibles,  and  DKom. 

TUBMIT,  sh.  a  turnip.     Com. 

•  Turmits^  turnips.    Lane' — Peooe. 

TUBMIT-LAirTEBJr  [Ian-tun  and  Ion-tun],  eh.  a  lantern  made  by 
scooping  out  the  inside  of  a  turnip,  then  carving  on  the  outside  a 
rude  representation  of  the  human  face,  and  placing  a  lighted  candle 
within  it  Com.  The  effect  of  a  lantern  of  this  kind  is  often  hideous 
in  the  extreme.  *  Jack's  a  dab-'ond  at  m&kin'  a  turmit-lontun ;  'e 
frittened  the  folks  comin'  from  the  daincin'  the  tother  night  out  o' 
thar  senses.' 

TVBH,  ah.  a  dizziness  to  which  sheep  are  subject, — '  that  ship's  got 
the  turn.' — ^Wellinoton.    Cf.  Gid. 

TUBH-AOAIH-OEHTLEMAH,  ah.  Lilium  Mariagon,  Turk's  cap 
lily. — Clttn;  Bbidgnobth. 

TTTBVEL,  sb.  a  large,  oval  tub  used  in  brewing,  salting,  &c. — ^a 
*cooler.| — Newpoet;  Whitchubch;  Ellesmere. 

•  Salting  tumel.* — Atictioneer's  Catalogue  (Forton  Hall,  Newport), 
1875.    Of.  Kneading-tumel. 

TUBH  THE  KAIH,  phr.  to  keep  the  rain  off;  to  throw  off  the 
wet. — ^PxTLYEiiBATOH ;  Newpoet.  Qy.  com.  •  'Ere,  tak*  this  shawl, 
itll  turn  the  rain  if  theer  comes  on  a  shower,  an'  it  65nna  be  much  to 
carry,  anyways.' 


458  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

TVSH  [tush],  (1)  8b.  a  boar's  tusk.— Pulverbatoh  ;  Wbm.  *'E  wni 
as  foul  a  fellow  as  ever  yo*  sid'n,  66th  two  lung  tith  jest  like  a  bwoi^s 
tushea.* 

' .    .    .    thou  told'st  me  thou  wouldst  hunt  the  boar. 
O,  be  adyised !  thou  know'st  not  what  it  is 
With  javelin's  point  a  churlish  swine  to  gore. 
Whose  tushes  neyer  sheathed  he  whetteth  still. 
Like  to  a  mortal  butoher  bent  to  kilL' 

Shasesfeaee,  Venus  and  Adonis,  L  617. 

'  Tosche,  longe  tothe,  Colomellus,  culmus.  In  Norfolk  Tosh  sigmfiM, 
according  to  Forby,  a  tusk,  a  long  curved  tooth.' — Prompt,  Farv.  and 
Notes, 

<  A.Sax.  tusc,  tux;  O.Fris.  tusk,  tusk  (fush),' — Strat. 

(2)  t^.  a.  to  drag,  or  shove  along,  as  of  anything  too  big  or  heavy  to 
be  lifted  and  carried. — ^Pulvbbbatch.  '  Can  yo'  carry  them  fiiggitB 
to  the  *d5d-pil  ? '  'I  dunna  know,  but  if  I  canna  carry  'em,  be'appen 
I  can  tush  em  alung.' 

TXTS80CK,  ab.  a  clump  of  coarse  grass.  Com.  TussoekyAand  if 
land  that  has  rery  many  such  clumps  on  it.  ^  Gf.  Snig^le-bogs. 

TTTT-BALL,  sb,,  obs.  ?  a  game  at  hand-ball,  chiefly  played  by  gick— 
Newport,  Shiffncd, 

<  TtUs^  a  term  at  the  old  game  of  stool-ball.* — Clarke's  PAroteoIo^ia 
PueriliSy  8vo.  Lond.  1655,  p.  141,  in  Hal.,  ed.  1855. 

See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore,  &o.,  *  Games.' 

TXTTTY,  adj.  neat;  snug, — 'a  tuity  bonnet.' — Wem;  Rtj.tmwhri. 
Cf.  Cooty. 

TWABL  [twaar'-l],  v,  n.  to  wrangle,  —  Munna  tioarl  yo*  two.*— 
Pulverbatoh;  Worthed. 

TWABLY,  adj.  peevish ;  cross.  Qy.  com.  *  Wether  it's  the  chUd'a 
tith,  or  Vether  'e's  gwein  to  sicken  o'  the  maisleB — ^'e^s  bin  that  twarUf 
all  day,  I  canna  get  'im  out  o'  'and  a  bit.'  Mr.  Halliwell  giyee  Twariff 
as  a  Cheshire  word,  with  the  same  signification. 

TWEAK  [twai'k  and  tweek],  (1 )  sb.  a  sharp,  severe  attack  of  illness— 
•  a  pinch.'— Pulverbatoh  ;  Wem.  'Poorodman!  'er  hanna  got  o'er 
that  las'  bout  o'  sickness — it  wuz  a  very  'eavy  tweak* 

Bailey — ed.  1782 — gives  'A  Tweak  [of  zwicken.  Tout,  to  pinch], 
Perplexity,  Trouble,  Vexation.' 

*  Low-German  tivikken,  to  pluck.' — Bremen  Worierbuch. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  squeeze;  to  press. — Pulverbatoh;  Oswbstbt.  'I 
canna  get  any  more  i'  the  ampot,  Naint.'  '  To*  mim  twaik  it  down, 
it  use't  to  'oud  'afe  a  strike,  an'  mus'  now.'    Cf.  Clueak. 

TWEER-HOLE,  sb.  the  ventilating  passage  of  a  blast-fomace.— 
Colliery  ;  M.  T. 
'  Fr.  tuyere,  a  blast-pipe ;  O.Fr.  tuyel,  a  shaft,  pipe,  flue.* — ^FICOL 

TWELFT,  twelfth. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatoh.    Qy.  com. 

'  The  tuel/t  day,  sal  sternes  falls.' 

Homilies  in  Verse  (A.D.  1330,  ciroa). 
Early  Eng.,  viii.  a.  1.  137. 


J 


QLOSSART  OF  AROHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  459 

•  A.Saz.  iwel/taf  twelfth.'— Strat. 

See  Qrammar  Outlines  (adjectives  of  numeration),  p.  xlyi. 

TWDTK,  sb.  the  Chaffinch. — Bridgnorth. 

*  To  trvtnk,  to  twitter : — 

As  a  swallow  in  the  air  doth  sing, 
With  no  continued  song,  hut  pausing  still, 
Twinks  out  her  scattered  notes  in  accents  shrill. 

Chapman,  Odyss.  z 
Tmnk,  a  chaffinch,  from  his  twittering  song.' — ^WEDO. 

Of.  Chink-chixik,  Pine-flnch,  and  Spink. 


TWnrS,  sb,  an  agricultural  implement  for  hreaking  the  clods  and 
uprooting  the  weeds  of  ploughed  land,  preparatory  to  the  harrows 
going  on.  Com.  Twins  have  two  rows  of  deep,  curved,  hroad  teeth — 
a  bliu;ksmith  said,  '  the  tines  wun  duck-ftitted.'  The  implement  has 
no  wheels  or  guides  of  any  kind,  and  in  this  respect  differs  from  the 
modem  *  cultivator ' ;  it  is  either  single  or  double,  and  in  the  latter 
case  is  spoken  of  as  '  a  pair  of  twiner  the  several  parts  being  coupled 
together:  its  chief  work  being — to  use  an  Early  English  term— to 
twin^  i.  e.  separate,  the  weeds  from  the  soil,  the  name  of  twins  has 
been  aptly  given  to  it. 

•  Twinnen,  twin;  dividere,' — Strat. 

Mr.  Skeat  says,  '  From  the  root  two,  A.S.  twd ;  compare  Eng.  be- 
tween*— Glossaridl  Index  to  Man  of  Lawes  Tale,  p.  265. 

TWIB'TEB,  V.  a.  to  shrivel. — Pulverbatch  ;  Ellbsmerb.  (1)  '  It's 
likelv  to  be  a  sharp  fros*  to-night — I'm  afeard  it'll  twinter  the  tato- 
tops.  (2)  *  Yo'n  'ad  the  oven  too  sharp,  an*  if  s  whad  I  call  spilin' 
good  mate  to  twinter  it  up  like  that.* 

TWINTERED,  part.  adj.  shrivelled ;  &hmnk.—Tbid.  '  They  tellen 
me  as  the  Squire's  gwun  sich  a  little  twintered  up  owd  mon,  an*  'e 
wuz  used  to  be  a  right  brocky  fellow.'    See  Brocky. 

TWI8TIFIED,  adj.  enUngled;  involved,  as  of  a£faii8,— "E's  left 
everythin'  sadly  twistified.*    A  coined  word. — Much  Wbnlock. 

TWITTBB,  (1)  t;.  n.  to  be  nervous  and  affected  in  address. — Pulver- 
batch. '  I  canna  bar  to  'ear  that  o6man  talk,  *er  does  so  mince  an' 
twitter — ^like  as  if  'er  couldna  open  'er  mouth.* 

^2)  sb.  a  state  of  nervous  agitation. — Pulverbatch.  *  Theer  wua 
talk  o'  the  Fenians  comin'  las'  night,  an*  it  ptit  everybody  i'  the 
town  o*  the  twitter  an'  tremble.'    S^  Twitter  in  Wedg. 

TWIX,  prep.  T>etwixt;  between. — Pulverbatch.     'I  think  i'  my 
'eart,  twix  one  thing  an'  another,  yo'n  drive  me  k3rimet.' 
'  A.Sax.  twix;  O.Saz.  tuise,  twiz.'— Strat.    See  Betwiz. 

TWIZE  [twei'z],  adv.  twice, — 'tunze  one's  two.' — Shrewsbury; 
Pulverbatch;  Church Stretton.    Qy.com. 

*  *'  Sire,  a  selcou}'  sijt  it  is  '  of  )>is  semli  best ; 
Loo,  how  loueli  it  a-louted  '  lowe  t^  vs  twines. 
It  bi-tokenes  sum- what  treuli  *  god  tume  it  to  gode  I " ' 

William  of  Pal fme.h  8721. 


460  SUBOPSHIRS  WORD-BOOK. 

Compare  the  M.  R  itayes — found  in  Cbuuoer  aud  other  writen  of 
that  period — which  is  formed  from  A.S.  twy,  doable,  with  adyerbiAl 
suffix  -€9.     See  Tmnee  in  Grammar  Outlines  {adverbs  of  Ume)» 

TWO-BOWED-CHAIB  [boa-d  cheeh'r'],  sb.  a  wooden  arm-chair,  of 
the  kind  often  seen  in  old-fashioned  farm-house  parlours  and  kitchens, 
haying  a  low  back,  which,  combining  with  the  ootr«,  or  arms,  forms  a 
commodious,  half-circular  rest  for  the  person. — PtrLVERBATGU.  *  The 
Maister  wuz  sittin'  in  *ia  two-bowed-cheer^  smokin'  'is  pipe/ 

TWO-DOUBLE,  (1)  adj.  twofold;  double.  Com.  This  redupli- 
catiye  term  is  applied  to  an3rthing  that  is  double,  or  that  can  be  made 
so  by  folding.  (1)  A  certain  person  was  directed  at  Clunbury,  to 
go  up  the  yiUage  '  tell '  he  came  to  *  two-double  doors,"  i.  e.  double,  or 
folding-doora  (2)  *  I  never  wuz  out  in  sich  coud  winde — Fd  a  thick 
jacket  an'  cloak,  an'  a  shawl  tvoo-double,  an'  it  was  like  nuthin'.'  See 
Double-couple. 

(2)  adj.  bent,  and  bowed  down  in  figure,  as  from  the  decrepitude 
of  age,  or  from  rheumatic  affection,  &c.  Com.  '  Poor  owd  Mattha 
[Matthew]  'uffer  I  'e's  aumust  in  'is  tufo-double — it's  a  pity  to  see  'im 
gwein  to  work.' 

TWO-FACED,  adj.  double-faced ;  insincere.  Com.  '  If  yo'  wanten 
to  know  a  'ollow,  two-faced  fellow,  yo*  can  see  one  in  Tum  any  day' 

TWO-FACES-THTDEB-THE-Sinr,  same  as  Three-faoes-iuderi- 
hood,  q.  V. — WoKTHEX. 

TWO-THBEE  [tut'hT'i'],  two  or  three ;  a  considerable  number  or 
quantity, — *a  good  tuthree;*  *a  tidy  tuthree.*  Com.  See  sub  vsot 
Few  in  Grammar  Outlines  {adjectives  of  numeration). 

TWO-TWnrS.     See  sub  voce  Double-conple. 


TrEI'BEE[HOWHST,  adv.  unknown — without  anybody's  knowledge.— 
Wem.  *W'en  the  time  fur  flittin'  come,  I  just  shifted  my  ^linga 
at  the  edge-o'-neet,  an'  got  out  o'  the  'ouse  unbeknotonsL'  Ot  TJn- 
knownst. 

UNBETHOUOHT,  part,  jxutt,  remembered  ;  called  back  to  mind : 
used  with  a  pronoun,  reflexiyely,  for  the  most  part  'I  should  a 
done  that  wrung  if  I  'adna  jest  unbethought  me  iu  time.* — Whit- 
CHUEOH;  Ellesmere,  Cheshire  Border.  An  imported  word  seem- 
ingly. 

*  and  vnbethought*  him  of  a  while, 
how  he  might  that  wilde  bore  beguile.' 

Sir  Lionell,  L  35.    Percy  Folio  MS.,  voL  i  p.  76, 
ed.  Hales  and  Furniyall. 

*  *  The  word  still  exists  in  Lancashire  ....  But  originally  the  tia 
was  um,  A.S.  umb,  ymb,  about.  A.S.  unbefSolU,  is  unthou^ht,  incon- 
siderate ;  while  ymbpencan  is  to  think  about.' — ^Note  by  Mb.  FiTBin- 
VALL. — Ibid. 

Ash  has  '  Unbethink,  Unbethinken  (v.  (.  a  local  word).  To  bethink/ 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC    AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  461 

TO GAIH,  adj.  awkward ;  inconvonient. — Ludlow  ;  Bridgnorth  ; 
Newport. 

*  Therof  the  pepul  wold  be  fayne, 
Fore  to  cum  home  a^ayne, 
That  hath  goon  gatis  ungayne, 

for  defaute  of  \j^V 
John  Atjdblat's  Poems^  p.  14. 

See  Gain  (1)  and  (2),  also  Ongain  (1). 

UJIUUHAir.    See  Onhuman. 

UJHKED,  TTNKET,  (1)  adj.  dreary;  lonely.— Clbb  Hills.  *W'y 
dunna  yo*  etort ? '  'I  shall  wait  till  the  moon's  up,  fur  the  road*8 
nation  unket.' 

*  I  had  not  so  much  as  a  dog  with  me,  and  the  place  was  very 
unkid  and  lonesome,  and  the  rolling  clouds  very  desolate.* — E.  D. 
Blackmore,  Lorna  Doone,  A  Romance  of  Exmoor,  p.  78,  ed.  1878. 

(2)  adj.  awkward. — Corye  Dale.  M.E.  un-,  not ;  and  kid,  known, 
with  similar  sense  to  A.S.  uncdHt  uncouth. 

TOKINB,  (1)  adj.  ungenial ;  cold  ;  cloddy  :  said  of  soil. — Pulver- 
batch;  Glee  Hills;  Bridgnorth;  Wellington.  *  Theer's  a  power 
o'  unkind,  clayey  sile  on  that  farm,  nod  fit  fur  anythin*  but  56at6.' 
See  Kind  (2). 

(2)  unthriying:  said  of  animals. — ^Wellington.  See  Kind  (2). 
Of.  XJntoertly,  below. 

TnSTKSOWSBTf  same  as  TTiibeknownst,  q.  y. — Bridgnorth  ;  £li.es- 

MERE. 

UVLIJCKY.     See  Onluoky. 

Mr.  Nares  says  that  *  an  unlucky  boy,  an  unlucky  trick  [f .  e.  mis- 
chieyous]  Would  formerly  haye  been  called  unhappy.^ 

'  Lafeu Go  thy  ways :   let  my  horses  be  weU  looked  to, 

without  any  tricks. 

*  Clown.  If  I  put  any  tricks  upon  'em,  sir,  they  shall  be  jades' 
tricks 

*  Lafeu,  A  shrewd  knaye  and  an  unhappy. 

'  Count.  So  he  is.  My  lord  that's  gone  made  himself  much  sport 
out  of  him.     .     .     :—AU:s  Well  that  End4  Wdl,  IV  y.  66. 

UIITIDT.     See  Ontidy. 

*  Wit[h]  his  vntydy  tales  •  he  tened  ful  ofte 
Conscienoe  and  lus  compaignye  '  of  holicherche  l^e  techeres.' 

Fieri  PL,  Text  B.,  pasa  xx.  1.  118. 

IIHTOEBTLT,  adj.  unthriying;  unpromising. — PuLyERBATCH  ; 
Bridgnorth.  Qy.  com.  *  I  neyer  thought  it  6$d  come  to  much,  it 
looked  untoertly  from  the  first.'     See  Tofirtly. 

VPHOXID,  V.  a  and  v.  n.  to  warrant.  Com.  'To'  55dna  see  a 
prettier  nor  more  useful  tit  twix  'ere  an'  Lunnon,  I'll  up*<md  iV 

VPKEGWED,  part.  adj.  upset.  —  Wbm.  *  They  fund  the  barrel 
cayed  o'er,  an'  all  the  drink  upkegged.* 

IFPBIOHT,  sb.  a  chimneysweep. — Bridgnorth  ;  Wellington.    The 


462  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

marriage  of  one  Joeeph  Gorbett  with  Mary  Price  is  xeoorded  in  fko 
Register  of  Ohrist  Ohorch,  Wellington  ([Salop),  Oct  17,  1859,  and 
bis  '  Rank  or  Profession  *  described  therein  as  *  UprigW  A.  witneas 
to  the  marriage  was  a  certain  Thomas  Adams. 

On  March  3rd,  1880,  a  newspaper-hawker  at  Wellington— broihflr 
to  a  sweep — was  asked  if  he  knew  any  recent  instance  of  the  use  of 
the  term  upright,  as  meaning  a  chimney-sweep  ?  He  replied, '  Tea, 
noi  long  ago,  Ven  I  went  with  my  brother  to  pnt  up  the  banda^  'e 
called  'imself  **  Thomas  Adams,  upright.'' '  Oddly  enough,  it  ttunei 
out  that  this  same  Thomas  Adsms  was  the  yery  person  who  had 
witnessed  the  marriage,  in  1859,  of  Joseph  Gorbett,  '  upright,* 

Up'Wright  would  perhaps  be  a  more  intelligent  spelUng  of  this 
curious  term,  than  that  adopted  in  the  Register,  ana  given  aboTB, 
thus :  up,  a  chimney,  wright,  i.  e.  workman.  Before  the  Act  waa 
passed  which  made  it  illeeal  to  do  so,  a  sweep  would  actually  so  ti^  a 
chimney,  and,  as  a  wright,  or  worlonan,  follow  his  calling  tiieran. 
0£  Wheel'wright,  Ship'wrighi^  Play-wright 

TTPSEBOWV  [up'si'doan],  adv.  upside  down. — Shbswbbitrt; 
PuLYBRBATGH.  *  Jack  Price  *as  took  to  runnin*  a  'bus,  but  'e'll  mak 
nuthin'  out — *ell  never  turn  the  world  upsedown.'  *No,  Va  mow 
like  to  turn  the  V^els  down-side-up.' 

Upaedown  is  found  in  the  Wycliffite  Version — ^AJ).  1388 — 'and  ba 
turnede  vpaedoun  the  bordis  of  chaungeris,  and  the  chayeris  of  man 
that  solden  culueris.' — Matt.  xxi.  12. 

Upsodoum — another  form  of  the  word — ^is  common  in  early  writera, 
as,  for  examph 


'  Antecryst  cam  {yanne  *  and  al  ^e  oroppe  of  treuthe 
Tomed  it  vp  io  doune.    .    .     .' 

Piers  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  zx.  L  53. 


'  For  the  lauys  of  this  lend  ben  lad  a  wrong  way, 
Both  temperall  and  spiritual  I  tel  ym  treuly, 

even  up-eo-douTie.* 

John  Axtdelay's  Poems,  p.  20. 

The  Promptorium  Parvulorum  gives  both  spellings, — '  Vpsedoumt 
(vp  so  doun,  S.).     Eversus,  subversus^  transversus.* 

*  Upsidedown.    For  up-so^down,  up  what  was  down.' — ^Wedo. 

UPSIDES,   adj.  even.     Com.      '*E*8  always   cuttin'   at   me  about 
summat,  but  I'll  be  upsides  5$th  'im  one  o*  these  first  daya' 

XTBCHnr,  sb.  Erindceua  Europa^ua^  the  Hedgehog.     Cool 

'  For  some  like  Snailes,  some  did  like  spyders  shew, 
And  some  like  ugly  Urchins  thick  and  short* 

Spbnsbe,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  n.  c.  xL  St  xiiL 
See  Tempest,  L  iL  326. 

*  Vrchone,  beest  Erinacius,  ericius.  "  An  Yrchone,  «r»»«i, 
crenoctiw.'*— Oath.  Ano.  "  Urchone,  herisson.  Irohen,  a  lytell  beest 
full  of  prickes,  heriaon." — Palso.  In  Italian,  "  Eiodo,  an  vrchin  or 
hedgehog."— PLOBio.'—Prompf.  Parv.  and  Notes. 

*  Eridus  .  .  .  animal  spinis  coopertum  quod  exind^  dicitur  nomi* 
natim  eo  qu6d  subtegit  se  quando  spinis  suis  olauditor,  quibaa 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETO.   463 

undique  protectus  est  contra  insidias a  hedgehog.^ — Diet. 

Etym,  Lai, 

'  O.Fr.  Hericon,  ertf on,  ire^on,  h^xisson ;  de  ericitu  .  .  itaL  riocio, 
©sp.  erizo.' — Ijub. 

Cf.  Hodgen. 

UTICK,  ab.  Pratincola  rubStra,  the  Whinchat.  —  Shbewsburt  ; 
Wbllinoton  ;  Newpobt.  The  note  of  this  bird,  *  U-tick,  tick,  tick,' 
has  given  rise  to  its  local  appellation.     Cf.  Haytick. 

JTSTVER  [uvur*],  adj,  upper ;  higher  in  place  or  position, — *  who  lives 
V  the  uvoer  'ouse  now  ? ' — Pulvebbatch  ;  Wobthen  ;  Oswbstbt. 

*  A.Sax.  u/era  ;  O.ILGFerm.  obero,  uver  (•wperior).'— Strat. 

UYVEB-LIP,  gb,  the  upper  lip. — Pqlverbatoh.  'Mother's  got  a 
despert  bad  coud,  an*  'er  uwer-lip's  swelled  as  big  as  two.'  Oompare 
M.E.  over-lip — 

'  Hire  overlippe  wypede  sche  so  dene, 
That  in  hire  cuppe  was  no  f  erthing  sene 
Of  greece,  whan  sche  dronken  hadde  hire  draughte.' 

Chauoeb,  'The  Prologue,  L  133,  ed.  Morris. 

'  the  overe  lippe  ant  the  nethere,'  is  given  as  the  gloss  of  *  La  has 
levere  et  la  levere  susevne,'  in  The  Treatise  of  Walter  de  BibUiworth, 
xiii.  cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  146. 

WTEBMOST,  adj.  uppermost. — Pulvebbatch;  Ludlow.-  'Mind 
'ow  yo'  puVn  them  things  i'  the  drawer,  an'  keep  the  Maister's  collars 
uwermost.* 

*  With  the  ovemcut  lofe  hit  [the  saltcellar]  shalle  be  set.' — Boke  of 
Curtasaye,  ^.  322. 

See  Over  m  Db.  MoBBls's  Historical  English  Accidence,  p.  110. 
A.S.  ufe-mest,  y/e-mest,  highest ;  uppermost 


VAILS,  8b. pi.,  obsols.  gifts  of  money  to  servants. — Shbewsburt; 
PxTLYEBBATCH  ;  Bbidonobth.  '  They  dunna  e;ie  very  big  wages,  but 
theer's  a  diel  o'  company  kep',  an'  the  vails  maken  up — I  got  above  a 
pound  at  the  Chris'mas  bout'  [1840]. 

A  Clergyman  who  holds  a  living  not  very  remote  from  Shrewsbury, 
relates  that,  upon  a  certain  occasion  when  he  had  left  home  to  visit  a 
friend,  the  Severn  rose  so  rapidly  during  his  absence,  that  he  had  to 
be  driven  back  in  his  Menu's  carriage.  The  coachman,  finding  the 
usual  road  impassable,  was  obliged  to  make  a  considerable  detour, 
and  in  doing  so  had  to  remove  some  hurdles  to  enable  the  carriage  to 
pass  along ;  arrived  at  their  destination,  the  Clergyman,  as  a  recom- 
pense to  the  servant-man  for  the  trouble  he  had  had,  offered  him 
some  money,  but  he  refused  it,  saying,  '  No,  thank  you,  Sir ;  we  are 
not  allowed  to  take  vails*    This  was  in  1837. 

*  Cooke  Havward  was  hired  with  Mr.  Pierpoint  to  bee  his  Cooke 
and  caterer;  his  wages  was  £12  per  cuinum,  and  his  veiles  consider* 
able.'— Gouoh'b  Hilary  of  MyddU,  p.  182L 

*Sept,  1766.  Vails  were  aboli^ed  in  Shropshire  by  a  resolution 
passed  at  tiiie  Lifirmary  meeting.    The  grand  jury  at  the  Summer 


464  SHBOPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

MsizM  had  paaaed  a  smiilar  Teaolution  just  before.  It  needs  haxdly 
be  said  that  this  was  a  fee  expected  by  a  gentleman's  servants  from 
every  guest  that  dined  at  their  mastei^s  &ble ;  a  costom  now  pre- 
served only  at  the  official  dinners  given  by  the  judges  of  assise  upoii 
the  circuit* — Owen  and  Blakeway's  History  of  Shrewsbury,  vol  i. 
p.  683. 

Vatis  is  a  contraction  of  avails,  where  avail  is  a  substantive  from 
the  verb  avail,  meaningprofit,  advantage.  Shakespeare  has  avaiU 
in  this  sense;  see  AWs  Wdl  that  Ends  WeU,  IIL  i  22. 

VAMP,  sh,  a  prop  to  support  the  shaft  of  a  cart  when  the  horse  is 
taken  out ;  also  to  serve  as  a  rest  for  a  temporary  bench,  or  a  table 
made  of  loose  planks.  Such  a  bench  or  table  would  have  a  vamf  at 
each  end.  It  is  a  rude  contrivance,  consisting  simply  of  a  three- 
forked  branch  of  a  tree,  cut  to  the  requisite  length  and  inverted— 
OoBYB  Dale.    C£  Nave. 

YABJI8,  <5.,  var,  pr.  verjuice;  the  juice  of  crabs.  Com.  'This 
fresh-drink*s  gwun  as  sour  as  vargis,  an*  it  hannabin  brewed  no  time/ 
t.  e.  only  a  short  time. 

*  Be  sure  of  vergis  (a  gallond  at  least) 

so  good  for  the  Kitchen,  so  needfull  for  beast^ 
It  helpeth  thy  cattel,  so  feeble  and  &int, 
if  tmiely  such  cattle  with  it  thou  acquaint* 

TUSSEB,  Fiue  Hundred  Pointts  of  Good  Huthandrie 
[October]. 

Fr.  vert,  green,  andjiM,  juice.    See  Orab-vaijia. 

VAST,  ah,  a  great  quantity, — 'a  vast  of  timber.* — Corvb  Dalb. 

▼EEBIVOS,  same  as  Feeringa,  q.  v. — Clbk  Hills. 

VEIL  [vai'l],  sb,  the  adipose  membrane,  or  caul,  of  a  pig's  intestines. 
— Sh&ewsbitrt  ;  Pulyerbatch;  Wo&thbn.  Qy.  com.  See  sub 
voce  Faggita. 

TESSEIrMAII),  same  as  Dairy-maid,  q.  v. — Pulverbatch. 

VEX,  V,  n.,pee,  to  grieve ;  to  lament. — Shrewsbury  ;  Clun  ;  Brido- 
KORTH.  *  Poor  Will  Speake*s  vexih*  sadly,  *is  wife's  djed  o*  the  faiver, 
an'  lef  *im  5dth  three  or  four  little  childern.* 


TXEOnf-HOHET,  sb.  the  honey  produced  from   the   hive  of  a 


quite  Vite,  an'  as  dier  as  clier.'    See  Oast  (7;. 

VIBOnr-MABTS-OOWSLIP,  sb.  Ptdmotiaria  officinalis,  common 
Lungwort  (garden  plant). — ^Churoh  Stretton,  Longnor. 

VIBOIV-IIABTS-HOHSTSTTOKLE,  same  as  abov&--CLUK ;  Elleb 
MERE.  A  Welshampton  woman  explained,  that  the  local  name  given 
to  this  plant  arose  firam  a  legend  of  the  Virffin-Mothei^s  milk  having 
been  dropped  upon  it—*  the  laves,*  lE^e  said,  '  han  bin  spotted  ever 
■enoe.' 


GLOSSARY  OF  AROHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   465 

yiSOnrS'-OABIiAirpS,  a.  pi.  chaplets  of  white  paper-flowers, 
with  a  pair,  sometimes  more  than  one  pair,  of  gauntlet-8ha])ed 
gloves — ^ukewise  of  paper — suspended  from  them ;  they  were  carried 
at  young  maidens'  funerals,  and  were  afterwards  hung  up  in  the 
Ohurch,  'as  mementoes  of  the  departed.  Virgint^-garlancU  still  flSSO] 
exist ;  as,  for  instance,  at  Minsterley,  where  there  are  several,  the 
most  recent  of  them  being  of  the  date,  1764.  See  Bk.  IL,  FolJdorey 
ftc. ,  '  Customs '  (deaths), 

VITTLE  [vit'l],  sb.  provisions;  victuals. — Cravbn  Arms;  Clun. 
'  Yo*n  brought  some  vittle  fur  we,  Miss  NeUie,*  said  Martha  Cad- 
wallader,  to  a  certain  young  lady,  as,  followed  by  a  basket-bearer, 
she  approached  the  group  of  nay-makers,  of  whom  Martha  was  one 
[1873]. 

'  And,  soth  to  sayn,  vitaiUe  gret  plentee 

They  ban  hir  yeuen ' 

Chauoeb,  B.  443  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat. 

'  Bobin  promised  me 

A'  my  winter  vitUe ; 
Fient  liaet  he  had  but  three 
Ghoose  feathers  and  a  whittle.' 

BoBEBT  BiTRNS,  Pomu,  p.  248,  L  27. 

*O.Fr.  vitatUe,  de  [Lat.]  vichudia;  nourriture,  vivres,  aliments, 
provisions  des  chosee  n^cessaires  i  la  vie.' — BuB. 
C£  little. 

YOn),  adj.  unoccupied;  vacant, — a  preservation  of  the  old  sense  of 
the  term. — Pulvebbatoh.  '  l^e  country*  s  in  a  despert  state,  theer's 
nine  or  ten  feirms  to  let,  an'  they  tellen  me  theer's  rows  an'  rows  o' 
'ousen  void  i'  the  town '  flSSO]. 

*  Let  their  habitation  be  wnd,  and  no  man  to  dwell  in  their  tents.' — 
P$.  Ixxx.  26. 

*  Voyde,  or  vaoaunt.     VacamJ — Prompt.  Parv. 
*O.Fr.  Vuitt  vuide,  wid,  voide;  vide  .  .  .' — Bub. 


WADDIOCK  [wod'i'uk  and  wodyuk],  sb.  a  good  big  piece, — *  'Er 
cut  me  a  waddiock  o'  pork-pie.'    Com. 

WADOE  [waaj*],  *6.,  var.  pr.  a  thick  slice,  or  lump  =  wedge, — 
'  a  wadge  o'  cake.' — CoBVE  Dale. 

WADS  [wod'z],  sb,  pi.  the  small  heaps  in  which  vetches  or  pease 
are  left  on  the  ground  when  cut — Clee  Hills  ;  Bbidonobth. 

WAOOOHEBS'  WOBDS  TO  H0B8BS.  The  Houyhnhum  dialect 
has  its  varieties  in  common  with  the  general  dialect.  But  as  the 
latter  is  *  improved '  away  by  the  National  Schoolmaster,  so  the  former 
is  corrupted  oy  the  nomadic  Navvy.  '  Them  navvies  talken  to  thar 
'orses  quite  different  to  whad  we  dun,  an'  ours  bin  spilte  5oth  'earin' 
'em  as  they  g6n  up  an'  down  the  line,'  so  said^  an  old  wagoner  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Shrewsbury.  The  following  are  specimens  of 
the  old  Hone-Tongue  still  [1874]  in  use  in  their  respective  localities. 
Suppose  a  team  of  three  horses.  Leader,  Pin-horse,  and  Shafter;  the 
lowity, — 

HH 


466  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

(1)  Pulysrbatoh;  or  GaAVBir  Abms,  Siotoay.  The  vi^goner, 
standing  to  the  left  of  his  horses,  would  address  them  thus— Leader : 
*  Commoag*  [ki^mmoa*g],  come  near;  *  Gee'  J[jee'],  go  from  me; 
*Jiggin'  [jig-gi'n],  turn  short  back.  The  Pin-horse  and  Shafter 
alike:  * Naw-uHtop*  [au'woo'p] — with  a  rise  of  pitch  on  the  latter 
part  of  the  vowel — come  towards;  *  ffeW  [*'T*]»  go  from  me.  The 
whole  team :  *  Woo '  [wuo'],  stop. 

(2)  Shrewsbuby,  Hanwood.  He  would  use  these  terms,  to  the 
Leader:  *  Come  n*arun*  [kiimnaar**rVn1,  come  near;  *  CViec-Aow' 
Tehee au*],  go  from  me;  *  Chiggin-hack*  [chig'gi'n  baak],  turn  short 
back.  To  the  Pin-horse  and  Shafter:  *  Haw"[a.U''],  come  towards; 
* Heit'  [aeytt*],  go  from  me.  To  the  whole  team:  •  Woo'  [wfio], 
stop. 

(3)  Ellesmerb,  Wehhampton,  Here  the  waggoner  would  say  to 
the  Leader:  *  Come  narro'  [kAmnaar'T'oe'],  oome  near;  ^Ote-ko^ 
fjee'oa],  fp  from  me ;  *  Oee-no-baek'  [jee'oa*  baa*k],  turn  short  ba«k. 
To  the  Pin-horse  and  Shafter:  *  ffaw*  [au*],  oome  towards;  *Heet* 
[eett*],  go  fit>m  me.  To  the  whole  team:  'Gee-off'  [jee*oa*firi  eo 
straight  on;  *  Come  n/ether  meggen  woo-ufo-op*  [kihn  naedhmni' 
maeg'gi*n  w^'wi^-'  ui>7>},  come  on  one  side,  and  go  slowly ;  '  VF(h>' 
[woa], — the  pronunciation  of  this  word  is  equal  to  two  long  quantities 
with  a  gradual  lowering  of  pitch — stop.    Heit  is  found  in  Chaucer:— 

*  The  carter  smote,  and  cried  as  he  were  wood, 
Heit  soot,  heit  brok,  what  spare  ye  for  the  stones.* 

a  T.,  L  7125, 
See  Call- word*  to  Animals. 

WAIDT,  WEADT,  WEEDT  [wai-di',  wee-h'di',  wee-di'],  adj.  This 
term  which  obtains  commonly  throughout  Salop,  in  one  or  other  of 
the  forms  here  given,  is  widely  applied ;  it  is  understood  to  mean 
exceeding  expectation,  as  regards  length,  q[uantity,  durability;  also, 
tedious,  tiresome  to  get  through,  as  of  a  piece  of  work,  &a — almost 
anything  may  be  waidy^  from  a  length  of  road,  to  a  solid,  '  cut  and 
oome  again  *  piece  of  meat  (1)  '  To  n  find  it  a  mighty  waidy  road,  if 
to'  bin  thinkin*  o*  walkin*  fix)m  SoeeVry  to  Stretton,  tliou^h  it  dunna 
look  so  fare.'  (2)  '  These  lung  sems  bin  despert  waiiy  sewin' — ^it  inna 
like  summat  as  yo'  can  get  on  5oth.*  (3)  *Thafs  a  weady  bit  o' 
bif^it  'ouds  out  well,  and  theer*s  bin  a  power  o'  cuttin'  at  it' 

'  A  Wheady  Mile,  a  Mile  beyond  Expectation,  a  tedious  one.  Shropt' 
—Bailey,  ed.  1782. 

See  Onweedy. 

WAIH-HVS,  <5.  a  shelter-house  in  fann-buildings  for  waggons  and 
carts  when  not  in  use. — Pulvebbatch,  Qy.com.  *  Tell  the  waggoner 
to  put  the  drill  inside  the  wain-us^  nod  to  get  wet.'  The  old  word 
wain^  preserved  in  this  composite  form,  seems  to  be  no  loneer  used 
for  the  waggon  itself.  A.S.  wcegn;  a  wain  or  wagpon,  and  hue;  ^ 
house.  S^  Jack-and-hia-Wain,  and  The-Wain-and-Horsea 
See  also  Hiis. 

WAIHT,  WAHTY  [wai-ni',  wonti'],  adj\  irregular  in  shape  and 

Sroportion,  thus — ^if  a  piece  of  wood  presumably  three  inches  in 
iameter  were  required  to  be  squared  to  two  inches,  and  it  would  not 
square  throughout^  that  would  be  wainy,  or  warUy^ — Clun.  Of. 
Cater-comelled. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   467 

WAKES,  sb.  a  oountry-parisli  festival — the  Church's  Saint^s  Dedica- 
tion-Day Feast,  originally,  which  was  preceded  hy  a  Vigil  = 
watch  =  waJee,    Com. 

'  The  Wake-day  is  the  day  on  which  the  Parish  Church  was  dedi- 
cated, called  So,  hecause  the  Night  heforn  it  they  were  used  to  watdi 
till  Morning  in  the  Church,  and  feasted  all  the  next  day.'— Hilman's 
Tuuer  Redivivus,  ed.  1710. 

A.S.  wacan  ;  Swed.  vaka  :  MoMo-Gbth.  wakan  ;  to  watch.  See  Bk. 
n..  Folklore,  &a,  •  Wakes.' 

WALET-OALEY  [wai-H' gai-li'T,  (1)  ar^'.  unsteady;  tottering.— 
WoBTHEK;  PuLYERBATOH.  tvaley-goley  is  sometimes  used  sub- 
stantively, as  one  would  say,  '  all  of  a  shake/ — '  Come  yo*  childem 
from  the  stack,  the  lather^s  all  of  a  waley-gaJey — ifll  be  down  on 
Bome  o*  yo'.' 

(2)  Bh,  the  game  of  see-saw,  in  which  children,  sitting  or  standing 
at  each  end  of  a  plank — ^balanced  on  a  prop — move  altematelyup- 
wards  and  downwards. — Ihid,  *  Weer  bm  tne  lads  gwun P*  'They 
bin  playin*  waley-galey  i'  the  stack-yard.' 

Compare  *  Wawyn\  or  waueryn,  yn  a  myry  totyr.  OkUIo.^  vo,  v. 
Myry  tottyr,  chylderis  game.  Totyr,  or  myry  tofrjrr  .  .  .  Oicillum. — 
Cath.  '*  Oacillumf  genus  ludi,  cum  funis  suspenditur  a  trabe  in  quo 
pueri  et  puelle  sedentes  impeUuntur  hue  et  illuc, — a  totoure." — Med. 
Gb.    "  Tytter^totter,  a  play  for  childre,  balenchoeres.** — Palso.  Porby 

S'yes  Titter-cum-totter,  in  Norfolk  dialect,  to  ride  on  the  ends  of  a 
danced  plank.' — Prompt  Parv.  and  Notea^  pp.  518,  498. 

WALLED  [Mrau'ld],  part  adj,  boiled. — Pulvbbbatoh.  'Them 
cheese-cloths  stinken  o'  soap  enough  to  pisen  anybody,  I  toud  yo'  to 
wesh  'em  i'  the  walled  w'ey — ^now  dunna  let  me  '&Te  to  tell  yo'  the 
same  thing  agen.' 

Bay,  in  his  *  North  Country  Worde^^  has  *  Walling,  %,  e,  Boyling,  it 
is  now  in  frequent  Use  among  the  Salt-boilers  at  Northwych,  Nampt- 
wychf  &c' 

*  A.Sax.  tveallan  ;  O.Saz.,  O.H.Germ.  wallan,  wall  (btUlire,  fervere),* 
— Stbat. 

See  Wallop  (1),  below. 

WALL-ETE,  (1)  sb,  an  eye,  of  which  the  iris  is  either  streaked  or 
parti-coloured,  or  else  of  a  totally  different  hue  to  the  fellow-eye, 
and  not  in  harmony  with  the  general  complexion  or  colour.  — 
Pulvebbatch;  Much  Wenloc^k;  Wellington.  Qy.  com.  Eyes 
of  this  kind  are  perfectly  sound  as  regards  vision;  they  are  met 
with  in  the  human  subject,  in  horses,  dogs,  cats,  &c.,  and  are  pro- 
bably the  same  as  the  *  whally  eies  *  of  which  Spenser  speaks : — 

* .    .     .a  bearded  Gote,  whose  rugged  heare. 
And  whally  e%e$  (the  signe  of  gelosy). 
Was  like  the  person  seDfe  whom  he  did  beare.' 

F.  Om  Bk.  I.  c.  iv.  st.  xziy. 

Mr.  Nares,  who  discusses  the  term  whally^eies  at  considerable 
length,  rejects  as  erroneous  the  gloss  *  streaked  eyes '  given  by  earlier 
commentators,  and  maintains  that  none  other  than  eyes  affected  by 
the  disease  glaucoma  (which  imparts  a  clouded  appearance  and  greenish 
hue  to  them)  can  be  meant  by  it — '  what  are  now  called  wall-eifea,*  he 

u  H  2 


468  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOR. 


sa jH.  This  hypofhesis  is,  lioweyer,  untenable,  a  waU^eye  is  not  pnms- 
riljr  a  diseased  eye--in  a  horse  it  has  the  ixis,  either  pwtLy,  or  whoUj 
wmtOy  with  perfect  vision — ^but  the  term  is  inyolYed  in  oonfoeion,  it 
has  been  vaguely  de&ied  by  some,  wrongly  by  others,  and  loosely 
applied  by  many.  The  worn  is  originally  loal-  vagleygr,  or  corraptiy 
valdeygir,  wall-eyed,  said  of  a  horse;  lit  with  a  beam  in  the  e^e, 
from  vagi,  a  beam ;  also  a  disease  in  the  eye.  It  is  rightly  given  thus, 
Id^.  Skeat  says,  in  Yiofussoh'b  Icelandic  Dictionary. 

(2)  $b,  a  human  eye  which  shews  an  undue  proportion  of  the  white, 
the  iris  being  out  of  the  centre,  and  inclined  towards  the  enter 
comer—larger  also  tlum  the  fellow-eye  in  some  cases. — Pulver- 
BATCH ;  OswEST&T.  Qy.  com.  '  I  Imowed  that  chap  as  soon  u 
ever  I  ketoht  sight  on  'is  waU-^e.* 

WALL-FLOWEB,  sb.  Edianthus  annuus,  the  Sun-flower.^CRAVKS 
Abms;  Ellesmebb. 

'  Wall'JUnver$^  waU-flatoers,  growing  up  so  high. 

See  Bk.  H,  Folklort,  ftc,  '  Games '  ( WaH-flowerB).    CL  OiUofer. 

WALLOP  [wolup],  (1)  V.  n.  to  boil  violently  with  a  bubbling  sound. 
— Shrewsbuby  ;  Ellesmbbb.  '  Do  them  tittoes  bile,  Nanny  P '  aid 
Mrs.  Hales.  *  They  dunna  bile,  Missis,  for  they  waUopm,'  was  Naxmy 
Windsor^s  reply. 

'  Bouiller  une  onde,  to  boyle  a  while  or  but  fbr  one  bubhl^  or  a 
weUlop  or  two.* — Cotgrave,  in  Wat. 

Jamieson  gives  *  To  Wall-up,  v,  n.  To  boil  up,'  also,  '  To  WaUop, 
V,  n.  To  move  quickly,  with  much  agitation  of  the  body  or  clothes. 
See  Walled,  and  Stbat.  tub  voce, 

(2)  V.  a.  to  flog. — Shbbwsbuby.    Qy.  com. 

'  If  I  had  a  donkey  wot  wouldn^t  go. 
Do  you  think  Td  wallop  him  P    Oh,  no,  no.' 

Old  Song, 

WALL-PLIT,  sb,  the  piece  of  timber  which  ib  placed  on  the  top  of 
a  wall  for  the  purpose  of  fastening  roof-rafters  to, — ^the  *  wall-plate.* 
— Cluw. 

WALLWOBT,  8b,  Sambtieua  E'bulus,  dwarf  Elder.— Much  Wedlock. 
•  Hee  ebula.  A"  a  walle-wurte,'  occurs  in  a  Fidorial  Voeabularyt 
XV.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  265. 
The  Promptorium  Parvuiorum  gives  '  Walworie,  herba    EhulutJ 

WAV  [wan*],  v.  a,  to  seize ;  to  take  firm  hold  of. — ^Pulvbbbatch. 
'Now  then,  wan  out  o'  that  ship,  an'  oud  fast  till  I  come  up. 
Spenser  has  wan  in  the  sense  of '  took ' : — 

'  Whylest  there  the  varlet  stood,  he  saw  from  fiure 
An  armed  knight  that  towardes  him  &st  ran ; 
He  ran  on  foot,  as  if  in  lucklesse  warre 
His  forlome  steed  from  him  the  victour  wan,* 

F,  0.,  Bk.  n.  0.  vi.  st  xli. 
Compare  Lowland  Scotch  To  win, 

WAHDLED  [wan-dld],  o^;.,  ohaA  worn  down  with  fatigue— 'dead 


GLOSSART  OF  ABOHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  469 

beat.' — ^PuLYEBBATOH.  *  Fto  bin  'untin  tathree  chats  to^rts  yeatin' 
the  oyen,  an'  whad  d5th  the  stioks  an'  the  winde,  I'm  aumust  wandled 
tUnvnJ 

WAVOUHO  JTwaang-glin],  adj.  delicate;  ailing;  unthriving. — 
Newport.  *  jSr's  a  poor  little  wanglirC  thing,  I  doubt  they  wunna 
rear  'er.'     Wangling  is  a  weakened  form  of  WankU  below. 

WAVXXE  [wang'kl],  adj.  feeble;  tottering;  unsteady.— Wbm. 

<  Forthi  wil  I  schaw  other  thinges, 
That  er  apert  biaeninges 
Bitoixe  this  wankyll  world  and  se, 
This  werldes  welth  to  do  fle.' 

Homilies  in  Verse  (A.D.  1330,  circa),    Specim,  Early 
Eng,,  b.  yiii.  L  97. 

Bay  gives  *  Wankle^  Limber,  flaccid,  ticklish,  fickle,  wavering,'  as 
a  *  North  Country  Word: 

'A.Saz.,  O.Saz.  wanool;  O.H.€^rm.  ioanchaUr^  wankle  (imta^ 
W/m).'— Strat. 

WAHT.    See  SSnt 

WAHTT  (1).    See  Wainy. 

(2)  [waanti'  and  won'ti'],  «6.  a  short  rope  used  in  binding  loads, 
as  of  hay,  &c.,  on  waggons  or  carts. — ^Atcham;  Pulyesbatch; 
Welukoton;  Newport.  The  country-folk  understand  this  term 
as  meaninff  one-tie,  i  e.  a  rope  which  goes  once  round  the  load :  but  the 
fact  that  t£e  rope  is  used  girthwise,  points  to  the  conclusion,  that  the 
word  is  the  same,  applied  to  a  di£ferent  usage,  as  that  which  Tusser 
employs,  when  he  speaks  of  '  a  iwnel  and  waniey,'  where,  the  sense 
being  that  of  a  girth  of  some  kind  to  bind  a  biirden  on  a  Worse's 
back,  it  is  rightly  explained  *  wanUhHcy  a  belly-band,'  in  the  QloBsary, 
ed.  £.  D.  8. 

WAPPLB,  WOBBLE,  WOPPLE  [wap-l],  Pulvebbatoh  ;  Ellbsmere. 
[wob'l],  Glee  Hnji«.  [wop'l],  Worthen,  a  gummy  secretion  in  the 
comer  of  the  eye.  '  Yo'  bmna-d-'afe  weshed,  the  wapplea  bin  all  i' 
the  cornels  o'  yore  eyes.' 

WAP8ES  [wop'siz],  sh,  pi.  wasps. — Newport.  'What  are  you 
about  there,  you  fellows  ? '    *  We*n  tekkin  wapseif  neesens,  Sir.' 

<  A.8.  wcBpe;  Lat  veapa;  O.H.QernL  wafia,  wefaa,  wasp  (wapa): — 
Strat. 

WAS  [waa'r*],  adj.  aware ;  conscious.  —  Pulverbatoh.  '  Comin' 
down  the  Brummy-bonk,  I  *e&rd  summat  tussle  i'  the  'edge,  so  I  went 
to^rt  it,  an'  wuz  war  on  a  great  ar  [hare]  in  a  grin.'  'W'y  didstna 
thee  bring  it ? '  'I  dar-say ! — dun  vo'  want  me  to  be  send  to  the 
clump  o'  bricks  [the  gaol]  i'  Soseb'ry  r ' 

*  l^an  jede  a  grom  of  greoe  *  in  |«  gardyn  to  pleie, 
to  bi-hold  ^  estres  *  ft  ^  herberes  so  fiure, 
ft,  or  he  wiste,  he  was  vxir  *  of  ^e  white  beres, 
^  went  a-wai  a  wallop  *  as  M  ^^  semed.' 

WiUiam  of  Paleme,  L  1769. 


470  SHBOPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

*  I  lokede  on  ^  Inft  half  *  as  ]fe  ladi  me  tauhte ; 
^nne  was  I  war  of  a  wommon  *  wonderliche  dol'ed.' 

Piers  PI,  Text  A.,  pass,  il  L  8. 

A.S.  tvcer;  O.N.  var;  having  notice  of,  aware. 

WABCH  [waaVch],  v.  n.  to  throb  painfully.  —  Pulvbrbatch  ; 
WosTHEir;  Newport.  *Theerll  be  some  change  i'  the  weather, 
ftir  my  com  toarche$  despertly.' 

*  "Therfore  be  my  rede,"  sayd  syr  Lucan,  "it  is  beste  that  we 
brynge  you  to  somme  towne.'*^  "1  wolde  it  were  soo,*  sa^d  tiie 
kyng.  "But  I  may  not  stonde,  myn  hede  werches  soo.  — Sm 
Thomas  Malort  (a.d.  1460),  Le  MorU  Darthur,  Spectm.  Eng.  W., 
▼iiL  V.  1.  1. 

A.S.  woBTc,  pain;  suffering. 

WABCHDrO,  part,  adj.  throbbing.— Pulvbrbatoh.  '  It  inna  so 
much  of  a  pain,  as  a  smarting  warchifC  feel.* 

WASB  [waaV],  #6.  a  weir.— Pulvkrbatch.  Qy.  com.  'It's  a 
good  garden  an'  a  tidy  'ouse,  but  I  shouldna  like  to  live  so  dos'  to 

the  tpar*.'  .  -m    -n.-  v 

Mr.  Hartshome  quotes  a  passage  from  a  Treatise  on  Fly-Firiung- 
ed.  Worcester,  1748,  p.  14— by  Richard  Bowlker,  a  native  of  \^^ 
or  its  immediate  neighbourhood,  where  the  author,  speaking  o^j^^S/ 
says,  •  A  little  before  they  spawn,  they  make  up  the  river  towards  the 
Spring-head,  and  to  admiration  will  get  through  Mills,  Ware$,  and 
Flood-gates.'— fifa/opia  Antiqua^  p.  610. 
A.S.  wtr,  a  weir. 

WABE-GOODB  [waa-rl,  eh.  pi.  goods  for  sale— a  term  applied,  in 
contradistinction  to  *  live  stock,'  to  such  farm-produce  as  cheese  or 
tubs  of  butter,  when  they  are  taken  to  the  fair.— PxtlvbRBATCH. 
•Whad  sort'n  a  fiir  'ad'n'ee  las*  wik?'  'Eight  middbn,  I  sid  a 
power  o'  war^^goodB  piit  by,'  ».  e.  left  on  hand.    CJompare — 

*  Gk)od  ware  makes  quick  markets.*— Ray's  Proverba,  p.  167. 

•  A.Sax.  waru;  O.Icel.  vara;  O.Du.  ware,  ware  (m«raj). *—Strat. 

WAB  JOWT  fwaa-r'  jout],  p^r.  beware  of  a  jolt— an  expression 
proper  to  the  harvest-field  •  it  is  called  out  by  the  man  at  the  head  ot 
the  *  for'-'orse '  [first  horse]  to  the  man  on  the  load,  as  a  wamingto 
hold  fast  while  the  waggon  crosses  a  *  rean'  or  gutter.— Pulvbrbatch. 
Gf.  Hold  yo'. 

WAEMSmP,  8b.  warmth.  Com.  'The  poor  owd  mon  wants 
warmship  an'  comfort  worse  than  physic' 

WASHnrO-STOCK,  WE8HINQ.ST0CK,  «&.,  ohs.  a  bench  on 
which  clothes  were  laid  and  beaten  with  a  kind  of  bat,  instead  oi 
being,  as  now,  put  into  a  tub  and  '  dollied' :  it  was  somethmg  like  a 
butcWs  block,  but  with  two  legs  shorter  than  the  others,  so  tiiat  it 
shed  the  water  off  on  the  side  remote  from  the  operator.— tOEVB 
Dale  ;  Clbb  Hills  ;  Wbm  ;  Ellesmebb.    Q,y.  com. 

•  The  next  morning  Hopkin  was  found  dead  in  Oatley  rarKe, 
haveing  beene  knocked  on  the  head  with  the  foote  of  a  wathtng 
stoche  which  stood  at  EUesmeare  meare,  which  foot  was  found  noi 
for  from  him.'— Gtouon's  Hiatory  of  Myddle,  p.  31. 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   471 

It  IB  said  of  a  little  man  on  a  big  horse  that '  'e  looks  like  a  frog  on 
a  weshin'-stock/    See  Bat  (1),  also  Dolly  and  Dolly-tub. 

WASSLE  [was'l],  v,a,  to  beat  down;  to  knock  about. — Pulver- 
BATCH.  *  I've  bin  fur  a  burn  o*  5od  this  mornin'  to  yeSt  the  oven, 
an'  the  winde's  farly  wasaled  me  down.'  Compare  Lowland  Scotch 
warseU;  to  wrestle,  strive;  hence  to  knock  about    See  Wazzle. 

WASSLE-BOITOH,  sh.  a  bough  used  for  beating  down,  as  of  dew 
from  grass  or  grain  bordering  a  field-path. — Ibid,  *I  mun  get  a 
vmssle-boughf  an*  wcuale  the  je  ow  off  the  grass  afore  the  child  gwuz 
through  the  crafb,  'er'U  be  dagged  above  a  bit  else.* 

WASSLE-FOOTED  [futid],  adj.  splay-footed.— Shrewsbury. 

WASTBEL  [wai'str^il],  (I)  sb.A  spendthrift;  an  idle,  untrustworthy 
fellow, — *a  ne'er-do-weel.'  Com.  *Aye,  poor  owd  John's  come  to 
the  work- 'us  at  las* — 'e*s  al'ays  been  the  wastrel  o'  the  family  ever 
senoe  I  knowed  'im.' 

*  "  It  wasnt  many  wurds  she  said, — but  wurds  she  said  anew 

To  bring  t'oald  tinkler  and  her  man  tull  what  was  weel  ther  due ; 
For  lane  i'  Carel  jail  tiiey  laid,  an'  when  f  assize  com  on, 
T'judge let  t*oald  waiairel  lowce  a^in,  but  hang't  his  whopefiil  son."' 
'  Branthet  Neuk  Boggle,*  in  T?ie  Folk-Speech  of  Cumberlandf 
by  A.  C.  Gibbon,  F.S.A.,  p.  70. 

(2)  ab,  a  worthless,  unsound  animal— Weh.  '  I  doubt  that  cowf  11 
be  nuthin'  but  a  wastrel,* 

(3)  eb,  a  fiaulty  piece  of  china^  or  such  like ;  an  imperfect  brick,  &c. : 
the  term  is  applied  to  new  thmgs  which  are  defective  in  some  way 
when  they  leave  tiie  manufacturers*  hands.  Com.  '  I  bought  it  at 
the  shop  at  Ironbrid^,  w'eer  they  sell  wastrels ;  it*s  good  Coalport 
chaney,  on'y  a  bit  asiden.'  A  shop  of  the  kind  here  spoken  of,  is 
sometimes  called  a  wastrd^ahop, 

^4^  adj.  imperfect ;  unsound, — *  a  wastrel  tay-pot ;  * — *  a  wastrel 
bncK.'    Com. 

WATCH  [woch-],  8b,f  o6tf.  1  minute  beads,  or  particles  of  grease 
which  appear  on  the  surface  of  broth  or  soup. — Sh&ewsbubt. 

WATEB  [wai'tur'],  common  pronunciation — read  thus  below. 

WATEB-SHVTTEH,  WATEB-SHTTTTLE  [shutn],  Atcham. 

Sshaet'l  and  shut'l],  Pulverbatoh,  adj.  made  to  shed  water  off  by  a 
iue  slope,  &c.  oiven  to  the  thatch :  said  of  stacks.  '  'Ow  did  yore 
stack  come  off,  John,  i'  the  thunder-shower  ? '  '  Well,  as  luck  'ad  it, 
we'd'n  jest  topped  up  an'  made  it  waiter-ehMe  afore  it  come  on.*  See 
Shut  (1)  and  (3). 

WATEB-SPAB,  «&.  Carbonate  of  Baryta,  Witherite.— Pulverbatoh, 
Snailbeach  {Minee),  Water-spar  when  reduced  to  powder  is  highly 
poisonous,  and  is  tiierefore  much  used  for  destroying  rats  and  other 
vermin ;  so  deadly  are  its  properties,  that  it  is  said  to  '  pison  three 
times  o'er,'  thus :  if  a  cat  ate  a  rat  killed  by  this  agent,  the  cat  would 
die,  and  if  a  dog  ate  the  oat,  the  dog  would  die ! 


472  SHBOPBHIRB  WOBD-BOOK. 

WATER -SPABBOW,   (1)   «&.  Emberiza  schamdus,  the  Black- 
headed  Bunting. — Shsxwbbttbt.    Qy.  com. 
(2)  same  as  Seed-sparrow  (1)  and  {2),  q.  t.    Qy.  oom. 

WATTLB-AVD-DAB  [wat«l],  sb.  and  adj,y  obs-l  close  hnidle-woik 
plastered  with  clay.— -I^trLVEBBATCH.  Wattle-and-dab  oottagos  wen 
constructed  on  thiswise :  standards  were  erected,  between  them  twin 
and  branchlets  were  interwoyen,  and  then  moistened  clay  was  *  dabbed' 
upon  these  '  wooden  walls/  within  and  without,  and  smoothed  on  each 
side.  Dwelling-plaoes  of  WcMe-and-dckb  were  an  improyement  on 
the  clod-hut,  of  which  latter,  specimens  may  yet  [1874]  be  seen  <m 
the  Stiperstones  and  on  Fonsert  Hill.    See  nib  voce  Oatrack. 

' "  .    .    .    grace,*'  quod  Piers  -  *'  30  moten  syue  tymbre, 
And  ordeyne  ^t  nous  *  ar  je  hennee  wende." 

And  grace  gaue  hym  ^  crosse  '  with  |>e  croune  of  >omes, 
That  cryst  vpon  caluarye  '  for  mankynde  on  pyned, 
And  of  his  baptesme  ft  blode  '  )yat  he  bledde  on  Bode 
He  made  a  manor  morter  *  &  mercy  it  hi^te. 
And  l^re-with  grace  bigan  *  to  lasio  a  good  foundement,^ 
And  wattded  it  and  waUed  it  *  with  his  i>eynee  &  his  passioun, 
And  of  al  holywrit .  he  made  a  rofe  after. 
And  called  pat  hous  ynite  *  holicherohe  on  englisshe.' 

Fieri  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  xiz.  L  823. 

WdtUe-and-tUibf  or  something  like  it,  seems  to  be  symbolized  by 
Langland  in  this  description  of  the  house  built  by  Ghraoe,  witness  the 
'  tymbre,*  the  '  pomes,*  the  '  a  maner  morter,'  for  building  mateiiala, 
and  the  house  itself  *  vnUteled '  in  course  of  construction. 

WAUT  [wau-t],  t;.  ».  to  totter,—'  look  *ow  it  wawfe.'— Wbm.  Waul 
is  the  old  word  toM — ^to  warer,  to  reel — ^with  the  I  elided,  just  as 
aaut  =  icUL 

'  ^ou  waUreB  al  in  a  weih  *  &  wel  y  Tuderstande 
whider  |>e  balaunce  bremliest '  bouwes  al-gate.' 

WiUiam  o/Faleme,  L  M7. 

*  1589-90.  This  yeare  and  the  I9th  daye  of  June  one  John  Broome 
the  soon  of  Thomas  Broome  of  Mynsterlev  comming  to  tke  towne  v* 
a  loade  of  poales  was  sooddenly  murtherid  by  the  over  waUinge  of  hys 
wayne  w*m  a  myle  of  the  towne  of  Salop.' — Early  Chronide$  of 
Shrewsbury  (Taylor  M8.),  in  Transactions  of  the  Shropshire  ArthaO' 
logical  and  Natural  History  Society. 

B&j  giyes  '  To  Watt,  To  totter,  or  lean  one  way,  to  oyerthrow,'  as 
a  *  North  Country  Word.' 

See  Wakrynge  and  Wdwynge  in  Prompt.  Parv,  A.S.  weaUan,  to 
reel ;  roll  about.  See  L  (2)  in  Grammar  Outline*  (ootMOfiantf).  C£ 
Wont. 

WATJTT,  adj.  unsteady ;  tottering. — ^Atgham. 

WAWB  [wau*v],  (1)  v.  a.  to  turn  upside  down  for  the  purpose  of 
coyering :  said  of  hollow  things  chiefly,  such  as  earthenware  yessela, 
baskets,  or  tubs;  to  cover  over  with  the  like.  —  Pulte&batch: 
WoBTHSK ;  GoBVE  Dalb  ;  Olbe  Hn.TiS.  '  Wauve  a  wisket  o'er  that 
'en,  if  theer's  never-a  coop — 'erIL  draggle  them  little  chickens  to 
(^eth.'    See  example  sub  voce  Xiver  (3). 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  473 

Bay  gives  *  To  whoave.  Chesh,,  to  coyer  or  whelm  oyer.  We  will  not 
kill,  hut  whoave,  Proy.  Chesh,  Spoken  of  a  Pig  or  Fowl  that  they  haye 
oyerwhelmed  with  Bome  Vessel  in  Readiness  to  kilL' 

'  Dan.  hvcelve^  to  arch,  yault,  turn  bottom  upwards ;  Sw.  hwalfwa, 
to  roll,  turn,  change,  yault ;  O.N.  hvelfa,  hval/a,  to  turn  oyer,  to 
yault'— Wedo. 

(2)  »h.  the  coyering  of  green  sod — usually  raised,  or  arched — oyer 
a  graye.— CoByE  Daub.  '  Aye,  Vs  left  us,  an*  we'n  piit  the  tvauve  o* 
turf  o'er  'im,  poor  owd  mon.'    A.S.  hweal/a,  a  yault. 

WAZZLE,  same  as  Wassle,  q.  y. — Clbe  Hills.  '  The  barley  wuz 
so  wasBzUd  by  them  gulls,  we  couldna  mow  it.' 

WEATHEB,  sb.  storms  of  rain,  hail,  or  snow, — '  it  looks  like  weather 
o'  some  sort'— Wellington. 

'  Swioh  housinge  we  han  *  to  holde  out  |«  wedwresj' 

Alexander  and  Dindimue,  1.  443. 

'A.Sax.  weder;  O.Sax.  wedar;  O.IceL  vdSr;  0.n.(}erm.  toetar, 
weather  (tempeiUuy — Stbat. 

'  Tempeitae  ...  a  seasonable  time,  and  faire  weather,  a  tempeit  or 
storme,^ — Did,  Eiym,  Lot, 

WEATHEBED,  part,  adj.  damaged,  but  not  spoilt,  by  too  long 
exposure  to  weather — wet  and  bad  haryesting  weather :  said  of  hay 
or  com.  Ck)m.  **0w  did'n  yo'  get  yore  'ay,  Mr.  Jones P'  'Well, 
we  gotten  it  dry  at  las*,  but  it  wuz  a  good  bit  weathered*  Tusser  uses 
weather  as  a  yerb,  in  the  sense  of  to  dry  in  the  open  air : — 

*  Maides,  mustard  seede  gather,  for  being  too  ripe, 

and  weather  it  well,  er  ye  giue  it  a  stripe : 

Then  dresse  it  and  laie  it  in  soUer  yp  sweete, 

least  foistines  make  it  for  table  ynmeete.' 

Augutte  husbandrie,  ed.  E.  D.  S.,  p.  129. 

WEATHER- GALL,  sb.  the  secondary  rainbow. — PuLyERBATCH. 
'  dome  an'  look  whad  a  big  rainbow,  an'  the  weather-galVB  aumust  as 
bright  as  the  bow.' 

Mr.  HalliweU  says,  '  I  am  told  a  second  rainbow  aboye  the  first  is 
called  in  the  Isle  of  Wiffht  a  water-geal,  Carr  has  weather^all,  a 
secondary  or  broken  rainbow.' 

Compare  Shakespeare's  '  water-galls '  in  Lttcrece,  1.  1588. 

WED,  (1)  sb.,  obsols,  a  pledge — a  gage  to  be  redeemed  by  some 
jocular  fine,  in  the  youngfolks*  game  of  '  forfeits.'  To  cry  the  weds 
is  to  call  the  forfeits, — 'We  cri&d'n  tAe  weds  an'  'ad*n  rar*  raps.' — 

PULyEBBATOH;  WoRTHEK. 

<  Wed  (Sax.),  a  gage  or  pawn ;  a  word  stiU  retained  in  the  Ck)imtrey 
sport  called  Pray,  my  Lord,  a  course  in  your  Park.* — Bloitkt'b  Olosso- 
graphia,  p.  697.^ 

Wed  is  found  in  early  writers  with  a  nobler  sense  of  gage : — 

* the  which  was  reserued. 

By  Tydeus,  of  intencioun,  ^ 

To  the  Kyng  to  make  relacioun. 

How  his  knyghtes  han  on  her  ioume  spedde. 

Enrich  of  hem  his  lyf  left  for  a  wed{dey 

John  Ltdoate  (a.D.  1420,  circa).  The  Storie  of  Thebes. 
Spedm,  Eng.  Lit,  iii.  (.  1.  1186. 


474  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK« 

* "  Nay,**  sayd  Gray-ateele,  "  by  St  John ! 
this  one  yeere  he  shall  not  goe  home, 
bat  he  shall  either  fight  or  flee, 
or  a  wed  in  this  land leaue  shall  hee." ' 

Eger  and  Grine,  1.  952.     Percy  Folio  MS,,  vol  i.  p.  384, 
ed.  Halee  and  FamiyalL 

Archbishop  Trench  remarks  that,  '  in  a  vast  number  of  instances  a 
word  lives  on  as  a  verb,  but  has  ceased  to  be  employed  a-^  a  noun ; 
we  say  ....  *'  to  wed/*  but  not  *'  a  wedy**  unless  it  should  be  urged 
that  this  survives  in  '*  u^eci-lock,'*  a  locking  or  binding  together 
through  the  giving  and  receiving  of  a  *'  wed,**  or  pledge,  namely,  the 
ring/ — English  Past  and  Present,  p.  96. 

*  Wedde,  or  thynge  leyyd  yn  plegge.  Vadium,  pignuB.'—Pronqit, 
Parv. 

*A.Sax.  wedd  {wed);  O.Ioel.  ve8;  Gk)th.  tfodi;  O.H.Oerm.  wetH, 
gage,  pledge.* — Stbat. 

(2)  pret,  weeded.  Com.  '  Tve  bin  mighty  busy  i'  the  garden  this 
onder;  I've  wed  the  two  inion-beds,  'awed  the  forrat  tatoes,  an' 
scuffled  the  alleys.' 

*  Wed,  fro  noyows  wedys.     Bunoaiue/ — Prompt  Parv. 

WJSEBLE  [wee'bl],  ah,  a  coleopterous  insect  of  the  family  Cwrok- 
lionidas,  which  comprises  several  species — ^known  as  u^eevi^-— that 
infest  bacon,  ^rain,  &c. — Pttlvi&bbatch.  Qy.  com.  *  I'm  afeard  as 
the  weebles  bm  got  i'  the  shdother  o'  that  nitchen,  I  sid  one  o'  the 
'ouse-flur  a  bit  a^6o.' 

The  form  wibU  occurs  as  the  gloss  of  cantartte,  in  a  VocabtUary,  viii' 
oent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  voL  ii.  p.  103. 

*A.S.  tveJU;  O.Du.  wevd;  O.H.QemL  wihil;  weevil  (ciirctdtb).'— 
Strat. 

WEEDIVG  AWAT,  i)hr,  gradually  diminishing.  —  Pulverbatch. 
*  I  did  'ope  as  my  coal  d5d  a  lasted  till  nigh  Chris'mas,  but  I  see  as 
it's  weedin'  away  sadly  too  fast ' 

WEEDT.    See 


WEEPnrO  THBOVOH,  phr,  dropping ;  oozing ;  leaking.— Pulver- 
BATOH.  'I  see  as  that  barrel  o'  one-way-drmk  's  weepin'  ikrougK 
theer  mus'  be  a  new  'oop  on,  else  we  sha'n  '&ve  it  aU  about  the 
cellar.' 

WEEPT,  adj.  moist — ^the  trickling  moisture  observable  in  badly 
pressed  cheese. — Pulverbatch.  'Sally,  one  o'  the  &t  cheeees  is 
weepy y  mind  to  turn  it  on  a  dry  place,  an'  notice  it  every  day.' 

WES- WOW  [wee'woul,  adj.  more  on  one  side  than  on  the  other — 
ill-balanced,  and  shaky. — Pulyerbatoh.  '  I  knowed  well  enough 
that  load  d5d  never  raich  wham,  it  wuz  aU  wee-wow  afore  it  lef  the 
fild.' 

WEK,  WEKLT  [wek-l,  adja,  weak ;  weakly.  Com.  *  Well,  as  to 
bein'  wek,  poor  wratch  I  'e  wuz  al'ays  wMy  from  a  child,  an'  canna 
expec'  to  be  better  now.' 

'  1535-6.    This  yeare  was  a  maltman  slayne  in  grop^  Ion®  ^ 
Shrewsburie  w*''  the  £fdl  of  a  wecke  chymney  in  an  ola  bowse  there 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC  475 

w*^  fell  upon  hym  in  tying  the  horse  tiiere  after  he  had  p3^tGhyd  hys 
loade/ — Early  Chranides  of  Shrewsbury  {Taylor  M8,),  in  TransadwM 
of  the  Shropshire  Archoeohgioal  and  Natural  History  Society, 

WELLY  [weli'l,  adv.  nearly ;  well-nigh, — *  welly  clemmed/  i.  e. 
nearly  famiAhed ;  '  welly  bos'n/  i.  e,  nearly  burst,  having  eaten  to 
repletion,  are  familiar  usages  of  the  term.---SHREWSBURY ;  Pttlyer- 
batch;  Wbllinqton;  Gollieby;  Newport;  Wem;  Whitghubgh; 
Fjj.twmetik.  Qy.  com. 
Grose  has  '  Wdly,  Almost,  nearly.  N.' 
A.  8.  wel-neah^  well-nigh ;  near. 

WELT,  (1)  8b.  a  thick,  coarse,  clumsy  seam. — Pulverbatch  ;  Wem. 
Qy.  com.  '  Yo*n  made  this  sem  too  broad,  sioh  a  great  welt  as  this 
5od  cripple  anybody  to  lie  on.' 

(2)  sb.  the  ribs  of  knitting  at  the  top  of  a  sock  or  stocking  are 
called  weltSf  the  plural  form  being  usually  employed  in  this  sense  of 
the  term.  Com.  'If  11  be  a  stockin*  sometmie—yo'n  bin  knittin' 
about  a  wik,  an*  nod  out  o'  the  welts  yet.' 

(3)  V.  a.  to  flog;  to  lash;  to  inflict  stripes.  Com.  'The  school- 
maister's  welted  that  poor  bwoy  shameful — 'e  ought  to  be  com- 
plained on.' 

Mr.  Halliwell  gives  <  Welt,  to  beat  severely,'  as  a  Norfolk  word. 

4)  sb,  a  raised  stripe,  or  wale,  on  the  skin,  caused  by  a  lash, — 
eer  wuz  welts  on  'is  back,  as  thick  as  my  finger.'    Com. 

WELTDTO,  8b.  a  sound  thrashing, — <  'e  gid  the  chap  a  right  good 
weltin'  as  'e  5dnna  furget  in  a  'urry.'    Com. 

WJSMCH  [wen'sh],  sb.  a  young  girl,  or  young  woman,  of  peasant 
rank,  to  whom  it  is  applied  in  no  tinworthy  sense — the  good  old  word 
maintaining  its  respectability.     Com. 

*  Forsothe  alle  kast  out,  he  takith  the  fadir  and  modir  of  the 
wenehe,  and  hem  that  weren  with  him,  and  thei  entren  yn,  where 
the  wenche  lay.  And  he  holdinge  the  hond  of  the  wencJiet  seith  to 
hir,  "Tabita,  cumy,"  that  is  interpretid  or  expoumid^  "  Wenche,  to 
thee  I  seie,  rise  thou."  And  anon  the  wenche  roos,  and  walkide; 
Bothly  she  was  of  twelue  ^r.' — Mark  v.  40 — 42,  Wycliffite  Version, 
A.D.  1380. 

*  O  ill-starr'd  wench  ! 
Pale  as  thy  smock !  when  we  shall  meet  at  compt, 
This  look  of  thine  will  hurl  my  soul  from  heaven. 
And  fiends  will  snatch  at  it.    Cold,  cold,  my  girl  I 
Even  like  thy  chastity.'— CXAcZ/o,  V.  ii.  272. 

'  Once  haruest  dispatched,  get  wenches  and  boies, 

and  into  the  bame,  afore  all  other  toies. 
Choised  seede  to  be  picked  and  trimlie  well  fide, 
for  seede  may  no  longer  from  threshing  abide.* 

TussER,  Fiue  Hundred  Fointes  of  Oood  Husbandrie 
[August]. 

•  Wenche.    Asseckty  abra,  ancUla.^ — Prompt  Parv. 

Dr.  Morris  says,  '  Wench  is  a  shortened  form  of  the  O.E.  wenchd, 
which  in  the  <*  Ormulum  "  [a.d.  1200,  circa]  is  applied  to  Isaac,  and 


476  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

was  oiiginaUy  a  wocd  of  the  oommoa  gender.' — Hidorieal  EnglUh 
Accidence,  p.  84. 
See  Wench  in  Skirt's  Etymological  Dictionary, 

WBP  [wep'L  prei.  wept — Shbewbburt  ;  Pulvkbbatgh.  Qy.  oohl 
*  The  poor  Paither  was  despertly  cut  up,  'e  wep  bitterly— if  s  mighty 
'ard  to  see  a  mon  cry.* 

'  ^anne  of-sav  he  tal  sone  *  ^t  semliche  child, 
^at  so  loueliche  lay  &  imp  *  in  ^at  lo^li  caue.* 

WiUiam  o/Faktne,  1.  50. 

'  But  oonly  for  tilie  feere  fhns  sohe  cryede 
And  uwp,  that  it  was  pit6  for  to  heere.* 

Chauobr,  The  Knightee  TaU,  L  1487,  ed.  Moiiis. 

Dr.  Morris  notes  wep  as  an  obeolete  strong  form. — Hietcrioai  En^uh 
Accidence^  p.  157. 

'A.Saz.,  O.Sax.  weop;  O.H.GkrnL  wio/  (jprct.),  wep  (yZevi).'— 
Stbat. 

WBSBBT  [waer^'it],  v.  a.  and  o.  n«  to  harass ;  to  trouble ;  to 
torment ;  to  worry.  Oom.  *  What  made  your  Mistress  hmi,  Price  F' 
asked  the  Doctor.  <  Well,  &,  'er  werriU  'erself  so.*  * ''  WerrUt 
herself!"  what  do  you  mean  by  that?'  'Well,  Qir,  werriiin'  o'er 
that  owd  Shropshire  book,  'er  gies  *er8elf  no  rest  o'er  it;  an'  if  I  say, 
Ma'am,  hanna  yo'  done  plenty  fur  to-day?  'er  only  laughs,  an'teUs 
me  nod  to  werrit — ^but,  Sir,  I  dunna  like  these  £untin*-aitc^ee.'  'I 
will  come  up  and  see  your  Mistress,'  quoth  the  good  Doctor,  and 
when  he  came,  he  had  'a  orack*  witii  his  patient  about  wemHngf 
[1873]. 

WE8H,  (1)  t;.  a.  to  wash.    Com. 

'  In  water  ich  wel  ^  cristny  her 
As  Gk)de  him-self  hyt  di3te ;/ 
For  mide  to  weeeche  nis  nol'ynge 


pat  man  oome^  to  so  lijt^ 


onde. 


WiUiam  ofShoreham  (A.D.  1307— 1827J,  De 
BapHemo,    Specim,  Early  Eng,,  yL  L  52. 

A.S.  wcucan,  waecan,  to  wash. 

(2)  eb.  same  as  Swill  (5),  q.  t.    Com. 

WESHnra-STOCK    See  Waihing-stock. 

WESH-TUB,  same  as  Swill-tub,  q.  v.    Com. 

WETCHET  [wech-rt  and  wech*u't],  a^j.  wet  in  the  feet ;  wet^hod. 
— Pulvbrbatch;  Welukotok.  'Jest  look  at  yore  stockin'-fit !— 
dun  them  shoes  loose  yo'  wetchei  f — ^w'y  it's  none  senoe  they  wun  tapt' 

'  Ac  be^geres  aboute  Midsomer  *  bredlees  M  soupe. 
And  3it  is  wynter  for  hem  worse  '  for  weU-$hodde  ^  gange.' 

Piere  PL,  Text  B,,  pass.  xiy.  L  161. 

Mr.  Skeat  explains  Langland's  *  weU'Shodde* — ^whioh  appears  as 
wet-ehoed,  pass,  xviii.  1.  1 — S>  be,  *  with  wet  shoes,'  '  wet-footed,'  and 
supplements  his  gloss  as  follows, — '  Wetshod,  with  water  in  the 


GLOSSARY  OP  AROHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.    477 

Hho«8.  ''Are  you  not  wet$hodf**  haye  not  your  shoes  taken  in 
water  ? '—Maraliall's  Glossary  of  Yorkshire  Words,  2nd  ed.,  1796. 
Compare  also — 

<  t^ere  men  were  wtUchoedt 
Alle  of  brayn  &  of  blode.' 
AHhuT,  ed.  Fumivall,  E,  E.  T.  8.,  1864,  L  469. 

In  Oxfordshire  it  is  pronounced  Waicherd  [woohnird],  and  used  cor- 
rectly by  many  who  have  no  idea  of  what  are  the  comnonent  parts 
of  the  word.  The  opposite  form,  dry  shod,  is  better  Known;  see 
Isaiah  xi>  15.  The  corresponding  Icelcuidio  word  is  Bh6v&^y  lit '  shoe- 
wet.'— iVotea  to  Piers  PI,  pp.  328,  395,  ed.  E.  B.  T.  S. 

<  Watchei.  Wet  shod,  wet  in  the  feet,'  is  given  by  Ghrose  for 
Oxfordshire, 

WHAD  [wod*],  pron,  what.     Com. 

'  By  whom  also  thow  moste  mynne. 
And  whom  he  gart  to  do  that  S3mney 
And  whad  they  were  that  were  here  ferus, 
Prestos  or  derkus,  monkes  or  frerus.' 

MS.  CoU.  Claud,,  A.  iL  f .  146,  in  Hat,. 

See  T  (1),  in  Grammar  Outlines  (consonants). 

WEAS  FOB9  P^^'  reason  to  remember,  as  of  pain,  punishment, 
abuse,  scolding,  Ao., — 'that  tuth  gid  me  whad  far;' — "e  gid  the 
chap  whad  fur,  I  can  tell  yo*.'    Com. 

• 

WHAM,  WHOM,  WHOME  [waam*,  wum*],  Fulverbatoh.  [waam*, 
woam*],  BKEDaNOBTH.    [wum*,  wom*].  Com.,  sh.  home. 

'  Than  preyde  the  ryche  man  Abraham 
That  he  wide  sonde  Lazare  or  sum  other  wham.^ 

M8.  Earl,  1701,  f.  44,  in  Hal. 

'  1581-2.  This  yeare  and  in  the  moonthe  of  Februarie  were  all  the 
souldiars  in  Ireland  dyschardgid,  and  er'y  man  went  whom  to  thyre 
countrey.* — Early  Chronicles  of  Shrewsbury  {Taylor  MS,),  in  Trans^ 
actions  of  the  Shropshire  Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Society, 

'  but  whom  then  came  Glaseerryon, 
a  fflad  man,  Lord,  was  nee, 
"  and  come  thou  hither,  lacke,  my  boy, 
Come  hither  ynto  mee." ' 

Glasgerion,  I,  21.    Percy  Folio  MS,,  vol.  i.  p.  249, 
ed.  Hales  and  Furnivall. 

'  And  yf  thou  wylt  not  so  do, 
Whome  with  the  then  wyll  y  goo.' 

MS.  Cantab,  ft  ii.  38, 1  210,  in  Hal. 

'A.Sax.  Jidm;  O.Sax.  JUm;  O.H.Q«rm.  Jieim;  CIceL  heimr; 
Goth,  haims,  home.* — St&at. 

WHET  [wet*],  sb,  an  attempt ;  a  triaL     Qy.  com.     '  Fm  gwein  to 
clave  that  brand,  if  s  balked  me  wunst  or  twize,  but  I'll  '&ve  another 
w*et  at  it.' 
'  A  whet  is  no  let.'— Bay's  Proverbs,  p.  168. 

WHET-SPBIHO9  8b.  a  spot  where  the  whey  collects  in  imperfectly 


478  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOR. 

pressed  cheese ;  it  causes  cracks  wHoh  attract  fli6B.-^WsLLn!rQT0v. 
'  I  doubt  theer's  bin  a  u^ey-tpring  i'  this  cheese,  see  'ow  the  maggots 
han  gotten  into  it' 

'  As  Mawdlin  wept,  so  would  Gisle^be  drest, 
for  whey  in  hir  cheeses,  not  half e  inough  prest 
If  gentils  be  scrauling,  call  mageet  the  py, 
if  (Sieeses  haue  gentils,  at  Ciase  by  and  by.' 

TUSSER,  A  lesson  for  dairie  maids,  etc.,  p.  lOS,  ed.  £.  D.  Su 

WHIFFLE  [wiM],  (1)  t;.  n.  to  veer ;  to  shift ;  to  blow  inconstantly : 
said  of  the  wind.— Shrewsbury  ;  Pulvbrbatch  ;  Worthkn;  Clke 
Hills.  '  I  dunna  know  whad  to  mak'  o'  the  weather  this  momin', 
the  winde  does  so  whiffle  about  throm  North  to  West — ^IVe  bin  watchin' 
the  cap  o'  the  Wrekm,  if  it  gwuz  toert  Wenlock,  we  aha'n  'ive  a  fine 
day/ 

'  Two  days  before  this  storm  began  the  wind  whirled  about  to  tiia 
south,  and  back  again  to  the  east,  and  blew  very  £Euntly.' — Dampier, 
in  Wedg. 

'  Du.  weyfelen,  fluctuare,  inoonstantem  esse,  omni  yento  TersazL'— 
Ktlian,^Ibid, 

(2)  v.  nw  to  move  about,  as  if  stirred  by  a  li^ht  wind. — Ibid.  '1 
thmk  we  sha'n  dry  the  clothes,  they  beg^n  to  w\ffle  about  a  bit' 

WAUrFLE-MnTDED,  adj.  changeable;  vacillating. — Polterbatch; 
WoRTHEN ;  Wem.  '  Theer's  no  'eed  to  be  took  on  a  fellow  like  "m 
Vs  so  v/iffle-minded — 'e  dunna  know  'is  own  mind  two  minutes 
together.' 

WHIG  [wig'],  sh.  wine-posset. — Shrewsbury.  *CJook,  yo'  mus' 
mak'  the  Missis  some  v^ig,  'er's  got  a  bad  coud.'  '  Wig/  said  Cook— 
who  was  of  another  County— '  whafs  that  P '  '  Wy,  imlk  boiled  $dth 
winde.'    *  Oh,  I  know ;  wine-whey,  you  mean.' 

'  Thick  Milk,  is  Churned  Milk  gone  thick.  Whigg,  is  the  bottom 
or  breaking  of  thick  Milk.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  HL.  ch.  yiiL 
p.  335. 

See  Whig,  in  Nareb;  also  in  Hal.  W.  chwig,  whjoy  fermented; 
chwigws,  whey  drink. 

WJllGKJED  [wig-d],  adj.  broken  into  whey :  said  of  a  milk-puddiiig 
that  has  curdled  in  the  oven. — Whitchurch  ;  Ellesicere.     *  I  doubt 
this  custurt-piiddin'  's  w'igged,  the  oven's  bin  a  bit  too  sharp  fur  it' 
Pegge  gives '  Whig,  the  watery  part,  or  whey,  of  a  baked  custard. 
North/ 

WHINVOCK  [win'uk],  v.  n.  to  ciy  querulously,  as  a  young  child 
does. — PuLVERBATCH;  Welldtoton;  Oswestry.  'That  child*6 
done  nuthin'  but  v^innock  all  this  day ;  Gk>d  'elp  it»  it  looks  despert 
pulin'.'  Whinnock  seems  to  be  a  verbal  fonn  of  whine  -f-  o^k  «  a 
little  cry. 

'A.  Sax.  hwinan;  O.IceL  hvma,  to  whine.' — Strat. 

WHIPPET-DOO,  8b.  a  dog  of  a  cross-breed,  between  a  greyhooni 
and  a  terrier.— Wellington;  Newport. 

WHI&LIOOO  [ wur'l-i'gog],  sh,  a  turnstile. — Pulvbrbatch.  *  Dunns 
be  in  a  'uixy,  Moister,  "  it's  one  at  a  time  'ere,"  as  the  owd  6CfmsD 
said,  at  the  w'irligog.^ 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   479 

WHISK  [wifl'k],  «&.,  o6«.1  the  game  of  whist.  —  Pulvbrbatch. 
'  Welly  theer's  jest  four  on  us,  let's  'ftye  a  game  at  w^isk  afore  fotherin* 
time.* 

'It  is  mentioned  with  other  games  in  Taylor^s  Motto,  1622,  sig. 
D.  iy.  It  is  also  spelt  whisk  in  the  Country  Gentleman's  Yade- 
Mecum,  8vo.  Lond.  1699,  p.  63.'— Hal. 

WHISSUN-GILLOFEB  [wis-n],  sb.  Hesperis  maiindlis.  Single 
Bocket. — Ellesmebe.  This  plant  flowers  about  Whitsuntide,  whence 
the  appellation.     See  Gillofer. 

WHISSUirHONDAT,  WHISSTrN-TUESD&T,  ahs.  the  Monday 
and  Tuesday  in  Whitsun-week.    Com. 

The  forms  '  Whitsun  Munday,'  *  Whitsun  Tuesday,^  are  found  in  a 
'Book  of  Common  Prayer.  London.  Printed  by  John  Bill  and 
Christopher  Barker,  Printers  to  the  King's  Most  Excellent  Majesty. 
MDCLXn.' 

WmSSTTN-SinrDAT,  8h,  Whitsun-Day.    Com. 

'  Hec  pentetostey  -tes,  whysunday,'  occurs  in  a  Nominaley  xy.  cent., 
in  Wr.  yocaba,  yoL  L  p.  239. 

WmSSTJHTIT,  8b.  Whitsuntide.— PuLyBRBATOH. 

'  Byfore,  afker,  and  whyssone  iyde^ 
Eghte  dayes  they  schullen  abyde.' 

MS.  Cott.  Claud.,  A.  ii.  f.  128,  in  Hai^ 
See  Tid  (1). 

WHISSTTN-WEEK,  sb.  Whitsun-week. — ^PuLyERBATCH.     Qy.  com. 
'  Wretyn  at  Lederyngham,  the  Tewesday  in  Whisson  weke.' — Ptuicn 
Letters,  temp.  Hen.  yi.,  yoL  L  p.  550. 

WHISTLE  [wis'l],  v.  n.  to  sing :  said  of  birds, — *  'ark  at  that 
throstle ;  dimnot  e  whistle  beauti^  ? ' — ^Newport. 

WHITECAP,  sb.  RutieUla  phomicura,  the  Eedstart.  Qy.  com. 
Whitecap  seems  to  be  a  gentie-folk's  term.    Cf.  Brand-tail. 

WHITE-CBOWFOOT,  th.  Banunculua  aquatUis,  Water  Crowfoot— 
Clttk;  Ludlow.    Cf.  Beits. 

WHITE  FLAT  IBOHSTONE,  sb.  an  inferior  ironstone.— Collibrt  ; 
M.T. 

'  The  White  Flat  Ironstone  contains  some  yery  interesting  fossils, 
the  characteristic  plants  being  Lycopodiaceae  and  EquisetacesB. 
Associated  with  these  are  considerable  quantities  of  Unio,  scales  and 
bones  of  Megalichthys,  Hibberti,  and  Gyracanthus  Formosus.  Also, 
most  singular  fossils  of  undescribed  Crustacea  of  the  Trilobite  family.' 
—Notes  on  the  Shropshire  Coal  Fidd,  by  T.  Parton,  F.G.S.,  1868. 

Cf.  Blue-Flats.    See  Ooal-Field. 

WHITE-PTJDDIHOS,  ab.  pi  a  kind  of  sweet  sausages,  made  by 
filling  the  larger-sized  '  chitterlings,'  or  pig*s  intestines-  after  a  pro- 
cess of  thorough  cleansing — with  a  mixture  of  boiled  groats,  pork  fat 
cut  into  small  pieces,  sweet  herbs  chopped  fine,  currants,  su^r,  and 
spice,  and  then  tying  them  in  links.  They  are  slightly  pricked  to 
preyent  them  from  bursting,  and  boiled  for  twenty  minutes.  When 
wanted  for  table  they  are  roasted.     Com.    See  Chitterlings. 


480  8HBOP8HIRE  WORD-BOOK. 


'-BBOWV9  adj,  the  pale,  dusky  hue  of  unbleached  calico, 
thread,  ftc ,  to  vhidi  thB  term  is  chiefly  applied.  Com.  '  KU  mak*  yo' 
a  rar*  winter  gownd,  an'  line  it  all  throuf^  65th  u^Uey-hrown  caUica.' 

WHDLUlrBIBLBS,  ib.  pi,,  «f.f  pieces  of  peat  prepared  for  fuel  on 
Whixall-Mo6& — ^Whttchubgh  ;  Euasmbbb.    See  Turf,  also  Koaa. 

WHOABrFBOST  [wui^*  fr'os],  eh.  a  hoar-frost ;  a  white  frost— 
SHaBWSBXTBT ;  PxTLYEBBATCH.  *  Theer  wua  a  bit  o'  wur-frot  f  the 
yarly  momin*,  but  no  danger  as  yo'  sid'n  it,  yo'  wunna  up  time 
enough.' 

< «  fiarwell  Knowsley,  that  Utle  tower 
yndemeth  the  holtes  soe  whore*  \ 
euer  when  I  thinke  on  that  bright  bower, 
white  me  not  though  my  hart  be  sore." ' 

Fflodden  F/eOde,  L  214.    Peny  Folio  M8.,  ed. 
Hales  and  Fumivall,  vol.  1.  p.  237. 

♦  *  hoar,  hoary  white.'— Note  by  Bp.  Pbeot.— /Kd. 
Gf.  Xetoh-o'-firost. 

WHOM,  WHOMB.  See  Wham.  See,  for  these  and  the  two 
following  words,  W  (3),  in  Chrammar  Outlines  {coMonanU), 

WHOT  [wot'  and  wut*],  €idj\  hot — Shrewsbury;  Pulvbrbatch. 
Qy.  oom.     '  This  pi&ddin'  *s  as  «o*o(  as  loye  nine  days  owd.' 

'  1583-4.  This  yeare  and  in  the  sayd  moonthe  of  December  a  eerr'nt 
of  Bychard  Qardn|  of  Salop,  whose  name  was  Thomas  Cott^,  was  by 
myschance  fallyn  in  to  a  fiumes  of  whot  boylinge  lycker,  and  so  pre- 
sently boylyd  to  deathe.' — Early  Chronidea  0/  Shrewaburv  (Ttuflor 
Af8.),  in  TranBoctions  of  iht  8hrop»hire  Archmologioal  ana  Natvrd 
History  Society. 

<  And  in  the  midst  of  all 
There  placed  was  a  caudron  wide  and  tall 
Upon  a  mightie  fomace,  burning  whoU, 
More  ujkoU  then  Aotn'  or  flaming  Mongiball, 
For  day  and  night  it  brent,  ne  ceased  not.' 

Spensbr,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  ILc.ix.st  xxix. 

Grose  gives  *  WhoU.    Hot     Ezmoor.' 

Mr.  Halliwell  observes  of  '  what,'  that  it  is  '  still  in  use.' 

WI*,  prep,  with, — '  dunna  thou  goo  alung  tri*  no  sich  ch^  as  'im.' 
^Bridgnorth;  Newport;  Whitohurch. 

'  Then  hey,  for  a  lass  te^i*  a  tocher,  then  hey,  for  a  lass  w€  a  tocher, 
Then  hey,  for  a  lass  wC  a  tocher ;  the  nice  yellow  guineas  for  me.' 

BoBBRT  BxTRira^  p.  195,  IL  15, 16. 
See  With  (3). 

WICKEIT,  WICKT,  sh,  Pyrue  aucupdria.  Quicken-tree,  or  Mountain- 
ash.— Wellinotow,  Wrekin.    See  Witan-tree. 

WICKET,  «&.,  pee,  a  little  gate  across  a  path,  or  narrow  wa^.  Com. 
*To'  canna  tak'  a  cart  that  way,  it's  a  fi&t-path  an'  bndle-ro&d; 
theer^s  wicketB  all  the  way.'    See  example  »ub  voce  Gain  (1). 

'  Bidde  a-Mende  [->ou]  Meken  him  '  to  his  Mayster  ones^ 
To  Wynne  yp  )»e  wikei-ioi  '  ^at  )>e  wey  schutte.* 

Piera  PI,  Text  A.,  pass.  11.  L  92. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  481 

'  Wicket a  little  door  (ooxmnonly)  where  great  gates  are/ — 

Blount's  Oloaaograpkia,  p.  700. 

•  IVicket  [prob.  of  guichet,  F.]  a  Bmall  door  in  a  larger.'— Bailey 
ed.  1727. 

O.Fr.  wiket,  of  which  guichet  is  a  later  spelling.    See  Bur. 

WIDDBH  [widn],  v.  a.,  var.  pr,  to  widen,  as  in  knitting  a  stocking. 
Com. 

WIDDEVnrS,  8b.  pi,  the  spaces  where  a  stocking  is  widened,  in 
order  to  give  shape  to  the  leg.  Com.  '  'Ow  many  bouts  mun  I  knit 
atween  the  wid'nirCBV    'Three,  the  same  as  yo^  piit'n  atween  the 


narro  win's.* 


WIDDIES,  ah,  pi,  young  ducklings.  —  Pulvbrbatch;  Wobthbn. 
See  Oall- Words  to  Poultry  (dwk^, 

WIDOEOH,  sh.  Every  kind  of  Wild  Duck  except  Anas  hoachaa^  the 
Mallard,  is  called  a  Widgeon  in  Salop.    Com. 

WIDOW,  ah,  a  widower.     A  widow  is  called  a  widonhwoman. — 
Ellbskebe,  Welshampton, 
Mr.  Skeat  says  that  *  the  termination  -er  to  widow  is  comparatively 
modem;  c£.  A.S.  wuduwa^  masc.;  wuduwe,  fem.' 

WIG,  ah.  a  smaU,  oblong  bun,  made  of  very  light  dough,  with  sugar 
and  carrawa^-seeds  in  it. — Shbewsbxtby  ;  Ellesmebe.  '  Now,  chil- 
dem,  if  yo'  bin  ^;ood  awile  I'm  away,  I'll  bring  yo'  a  wig  apiece  throm 
Ellesmer*  markit.' 

•Wygge,  brede  (or  bunne  brede,  P.).  "Wygge,  Eschaude." — 
Palbo.  "  Wig  or  bun,  a  bunn  or  little  manchet ;  Collyra,  libum." — 
GouLDM.  In  Herefordshire  a  small  cake  is  called  a  wig,* — Prompt, 
Parv.  and  Notea. 

'  Echaud§,  esp^ce  de  gateau  fait  de  piLte  §chaud^e.  Echode^  vtig, 
simnel.' — Chamb. 

'  Du.  wegghe,  wigghe,  a  wedge,  thence  a  mass,  an  oblong  cake  of 
bread  or  of  butter.' — ^Kilian,  in  Wedo. 

See  Bk.  II.,  Folklore^  &o.,  'Customs  connected  with  Days  and 
Seasons'  {Chriatmaa), 

WICKET,  adj.  said  of  turnips  which  have  ceased  to  grow  in  the 
roots  and  have  struck  out  a  mass  of  fibres  into  the  soil — Pulveb- 
BATOH ;  Atoham  ;  Wem.  '  These  turmits  bin  pretty  bad  to  pool  up, 
they  bm  that  wiggy,* 

WlK.  [wi'k'],  ah.  a  week.     Com. 

'  1565  It  for  W"  Roe  the  yon^rs  table  and  his  mans  about  pool- 
ing downe  the  window  ij  wykes  iz'  iiij*.' — Churchwarden£  Accounts  of 
the  Abbey y  Shrewsbury. 

*'* par  Charite,  3if  )>ou  Conne 

Eny  lyf  of  leche  Craft  '  lere  hit  me,  my  deore. 

For  Bumme  of  my  seruauns  *  beo|)  soke  o^er- while. 

Of  alle  ^  wike  heo  Worche^  not  *  so  heor  wombe  ake)?." ' 

Pier  a  PI,,  Text  A.  pass.  vii.  1.  243. 

*A.Sax.  wtce,  wuce;  O.Fris.  wike;  O.IceL  vika;  Ooth.  viko ; 
O.H.Germ.  wechut  week.' — Stbat. 

I  I 


482  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

WIK  OE  VIHE  DATS,  pAn  a  yaried  form  of  the  '  week;  or  (e& 
days,'  80  eenerally  used  to  denote  a  period  which  is  more  than  a 
week  and  Teas  than  a  fortnight.    Com. 

WIK  0*  STTVDATS,  phr.  any  indefinite  time,—'  I  hanna  dd  'er  for 
a  vnk  o'  Sunday $J    Com. 

WIL  [^*11»  9^'y  ^^^'  iw*-  a  wheel     Qy.  com. 

*  It  John  Chydley  y*  21  of  December  1578  for  makynge  of  a  whyle 
to  a  bell  in  saynt  Gylees  ij*.' — Churchufardena*  AccounU  of  the  Abbey, 
Shrewsbury. 

*  A.Sax.  htvedl;  O.Du.  wed,  wiel;  cf.  OJcel.  hiol,  a  wheel'— St&it. 

WILD  SAOE,  sb.  Mentha  rotundifdlia,  round-leaved  Mint,  tw. 
variegata  (garden  plant). — ^Whitohxtbch,  TiUtock. 

WILE43ICHE,  adv,  now  and  then ;  at  odd  times.  '  'Es  at  it  every 
wUe-ache.* — Cleb  Hills.    Compare  tvUe  in  the  following : — 

'  but  from  J^e  cherl  &  \fe  child  *  nov  chaunge  we  ouxe  tale, 
For  i  wol  of  \fQ  werwolf  *  a  wUe  nov  speke.' 

William  of  Fakme,  1.  79. 

<  A.Sax.  hwUe  (tempus);  O.Sax.  htula;  OJI.Germ.  {h)unla  {hora, 
TnomerUum);  while.'-— Strat. 

WILL-OILLt  sb.  an  hermaphrodite. — Pulvsrbatch  ;  Wbllingtoh. 
Qy.  com. 

WILLOW  [wil'oe],  sb.  an  active  search  for  any  mJRsing  article,— 4 
mun  '&ve  another  willow  fur  it'  —  Ellesmere,  Wdshanvpim; 
OswESTBY.  This  seems  to  be  a  WeUh  Border  word;  the  WeM 
chwilio  has  emphatically  the  same  signification.    C£  Brevit  (2). 

WlL-PDr  [wi'l  pin],  sb.,  oba.  a  wooden  pin  about  seven  or  eigbt 
inches  long  wi^  a  knob  at  each  end, — a  spinner's  implement  used 
for  turning  the  wheel  of  what  was  commonly  called  the  long  whedf 
on  which  wool  was  spun. — ^Pulvebbatoh.  See  example  sub  voce 
Knobble. 

WILKIT  [wi-lr'it],  sb.  a  wheelwright.     Qy.  com. 

WIMBESET  [wim-br'i'],  sb.  the  fruit  of  Vaccinium  MyrtiUmy  the 
Whortleberry.  Com.  'Theer's  a  good  'it  o'  wimh^ries  this  tima' 
*  That's  a  rar'  job  fur  the  'iUers,'  i.  e.  people  who  go  to  the  hiUs  for 
the  purpose  of  gathering  tm'm&errie^ 

Mr.  Thomas  Wright  says,  '  I  enjoy  the  peculiar  feel  and  sound  pro- 
duced by  trampling  over  the  bilberry  busnes  as  we  wander  through 
the  solitude  of  the  forest.  They  call  them  whimherriea  in  Shropshirei' 
— A  Vieii  to  the  Scene  of  Comua,  in  Once  a  Week,  27  Jan.  1866. 

Wimberry  seems  to  be  a  variation  of  Winberry  =  Wine-berry.  See 
Winberry.    See  also  Bilberry  and  Blaeberry. 

WIMBEEET-WIEES,  nb.  pi  the  stems  of  the  shrub  Vaecinium 
MyriilluSy  on  which  llie  wimberriea  grow.  Com.  '  Theer  o5nna  be 
many  wimb'ries  this  'ear ;  I  wuz  lookin'  at  the  vnree  the  tother  day* 
an'  they  wun  blowed  despert  scant.'    See  Wires. 

WIHOTE  Fwei'moat],  sb.  Althhka  officindlis^  common  Maibb  Malbw. 
—CoEVE  Dale. 


GLOSSARY  OF  AROHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  483 

WIK-WAK,  8b.  a  tarnstUe.— Wslungton.     Cf .  Whirligoff. 

WIHBEBBY,  same  as  Wimberry,  ante,  q.  v. — Worthen,  Cherhury, 
*  Me  an'  my  boys  ban  puck  as  many  as  six  quarts  o*  wifiA^ries  in  a 
day,  but  tney  bin  migbty  tnfline  [tedious]  to  gatber/  Tbe  term 
winberryf  wbiob  obtains  on  the  'V^stem  Border  of  Salop,  has  only  a 
very  limited  range;  it  was  formerly — ^in  1804,  undoubtedly — ^used 
near  Oswestry,  at  Oem-y-bwcb,  where  the  berries  then  grew  plenti- 
fully, but  now  [1881]  yery  few  are  found  there,  and  those  are  called 
wimberriea  by  the  people.  Winberry  is  a  contraction  of  wtJie-berryf  an 
old  name  for  the  miit 
'  Gherarde  gives  in  his  Herball — 1st  ed.,  A.D.  1597 — a  supplementaiy 
list  of  old  or  obsolete  terms ;  amongst  them  we  find  *  Tvyneberriea  is 
Vaccinia*  In  the  body  of  his  work,  speaking  of  '  Vaccinia  or  Whortes,' 
he  says  that  '  we  in  England  call  Whortleberries  ....  in  some 
places  Winberric9:—Bk.  IH.  P.  1231. 

Bandle  Holme  says,  '  BiU-Berries  .  .  .  are  termed  Whortle  Berries 
or  Wind^Berrie$,* — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  IL  ch.  v.  p.  81. 

Ash  gives  *  WintT berry.    The  whortleberry,  the  bilberry.' 

Bailey— ed.  1782— has  <A  Wind-Berry  a  Bill-berry,  or  Whortle- 
berry.' 

Compare  the  introduction  of  the  d  in  Winberry  with  the  same  thing 
in  Winde  (\\  below. 

Pegge  hais  *  Whin~berry,  a  bilberry,  a  whortle-berry.  North,* — a 
spelling  obviously  at  fault,  for,  since  '  every  tree  yieldeth  fruit  after 
his  kind,'  Whin,  i.  e.  Furze,  cannot  produce  Whorileberrie».  Thus — 
'Cwyst  >u,  gaderais  man  vAnrberian  of  |K>mum,  olS^e  ficasppla  of 
^ymcinum.' — Matt,  vii.  16.    A.S.  Gospels,  ed.  Thobfe. 

A.S.  win-berige ;  a  wine-berry,  a  grape. 

WDTDE  [weiiid],  (1)  eb,,  var.  j»r.  wine, — *  Yo'n  *Sve  a  glass  o'  tcinde 
afore  ycr  go'n.*    Com. 

'  1753.  For  Bred  ft  Winde  &  feching  it  0-3-8.' 

ChurchwardenB*  AccaunU,  Hopton  Castle,  Salop. 

(2)  «6.,  var,  pr,  wind,  — '  Theer's  a  despert  coud  tutnde  to-night.' 
Com. 

WnrDEB-BITS,  WnrDEE-AAOS  [win-dur'],  eb,  pi  fragments ; 
shreds, — '  Dunna  gie  the  child  that  doU,  'erll  tar  it  all  to  winder-rags* 
Com. 

wInDEES,  same  as  above, — '  '£  broke  it  all  to  voinden^    Com. 

WJLriuIN'  [wei'ndin],  part,  adj.  vapouring;  talking  foolishly — 
'without  nme  or  reason,' — 'Whadever  bin  'ee  windin*  at  now  P' — 
Wkm. 

WnrSBOW.     See  Winrow. 

WIHBY  [wei-ndi*],  (1)  adj.  noisy ;  blustering ;  silly. — Shrewsbury  ; 
Wem.  (1)  *  'E's  a  windy  fool.'  (2)  •  'E's  the  vnndieet  chap  w'en  'o's 
'ad  a  drop  o'  drink  as  ever  I  seed.' 

(2)  adj,  A  horse  is  said  to  be  '  v^ndy '  that  is  fresh  and  plays  about, 
instead  of  settling  to  work. — Wem. 

WIHST-MILL  [wei'ndi*],  sb.,  var,  pr,  a  wind-mill.     Qy.  com.    A 

I  I  2 


484  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

certain  man  observed  of  another  that '  'e  wnz  a  cradc-waggon,  windy- 
mill  fox ! '    Compare — 
'  To  have  wiwCmilU  in  his  head.' — brat's  Proverbg,  p.  216. 

WXJKO,  (1)  V.  a.  to  fling ;  to  hurL — Whitchubch  ;  Et.t.K8MKIIE,  '*£ 
ketcht  out  on  'im  by  the  oollar,  an'  winged  'im  reet  acroas  the 
kitchen.' 

(2)  «&.,  obBoh.  the  shoulder  of  a  hare  or  rabbit  when  dressed  €ar 
table.— Fulvebbatgh;  Ellesicerb.    Qy.  com. 

' .  .  .  him  followed  seryants  bearing  on  mighty  dish  crane  already 
cut  up,  and  plentifully  sprinkled  witn  salt,  and  meal  besides ;  also 
the  Hyer  of  a  white  goose  mttened  on  rich  figs,  and  ?tare$*  vnngs  *  torn 
off  and  served  by  themselyes.' — ^Hobacob,  ScOires,  Bk.  IL  viiL  89, 
Globe  Edition,  p.  158. 

*'**  hare^  tvingsy**  which  the  ancients  thought  the  beet  parL*— 
Note,  p.  251. 

WIHK-AHD-PEEP,  eb.  AnagaUis  arvSnsis,  scarlet  PimpemeL- 
WELLmGTON.  The  flowers  of  this  plant  open  to  the  morning  son, 
and  close  at  noon-tide;  they  close  also  on  the  approach  of  rain; 
whence  the  pretty  local  name  Wink-^md-Feep. 

WnSTLTSOt  [win'linl,  eh,  var.  pr.  a  weanling — a  term  applied  to  a 
newly- weaned  lamb. — Pulyesbatoh.  'TV^ad  a  blaitin*  theer  is 
among  the  ship  to^y ! '  '  Aye,  thejr'n  bin  partin*  *em,  an'  the  yeoirs 
bin  callin*  to  the  wifiin'aJ' 

WIHHA,  will  not.    See  Orammar  Ontlines,  p.  Ixxx. 

'  An  tell  them  wi'  a  patriot-heat, 
Te  winna  bear  it ! ' 

ROBBBT  BUBKS,  PoefTM,  p.  11,  1.  10. 

WDTBOW  [winT'oe],  sb.  a  long  row,  or  continuous  heap,  of  hay, 


cocks '  are  made  by  rolling  uj>  the  loinrow,  Ck>m.  *  The  rain  oouldna 
ketch  it  at  a  wus  time  thui  m  toinrows;  if  it  'ad  bin  cocked,  it  66d  a 
throwed  it  off.'  Winrow  is  windrow  with  the  d  eliminated.  A  windrow 
is  said  to  mean  a  row  exposed  to  the  action  of  the  wind, 

Grose  gives  '  Windrow.    To  windrow,  to  rake  the  mown  grass  into 
rows,  called  windrows.    Norl  and  Suff .'    Of.  Uoile  (=  coil). 

WnrTEA-PBOTn),  acU.  said  of  wheat  that,  after  a  mild  winter, 
shews  an  undue  luxuriance  in  the  early  spring^tide. — ^Pui.tsbbatch  ; 
WELLmGTON;  Newport.     'The  Bun-leasow's  gettin'  too  winier- 

f'vudy  the  com  65d  aumust  cover  a  crow,  an'  that's  o'er-forrat  ftir 
ebriwerry.' 

wJLntIE  OS  WSAHOLE  [win-ti'],  phr.  to  win  at  any  risk.— Clbi 
Hnxs. 

WZHTLDrO  [win*tlin],  «&.,  oba.  a  young,  fragile,  and  very  small 
child — too  small  for  its  age. — ^Pulyebbatoh.  '  Have  you  seen  Driver 
anywhere  about  ?*  '  I  sid  'im  at  Betty  Boberts's  a  bit  ago6,  Sir,  mindin' 
the  wintlin*,*    This  statement  seems  a  singular  one,  neverth^eas  it 


GLOSSART  OF  ABCHAIO  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  485 

was  quite  true  that  Driver,  the  most  sagaoions  and  gentle  of  sheep- 
dog, would,  if  called  upon  to  do  so,  watch  over  the  tiny  child  of  a 
neighbouring  ootte^ger,  and  keep  her  out  of  harm's  way,  while  her 
Mother  went  on  some  needful  errand, — ^it  was  a  pretty  sight,  the  good 
dog  lying  in  yigiLant  attitude  across  the  threshold  of  the  op|en  door 
of  the  cottage,  with  the  '  wintlin*,*  thus  preyented  from  stei)ping  out- 
side, nestling  up  to  him  in  loving  trust ;  and  a  si^ht  which  might 
ofteh  have  l>Ben  seen  by  the  village  folk  in  whose  midst  the  child  and 
the  dog  were,  nearly  half  a  oentiuy  ago. 

WIPPET,  sb.  a  small  creature, — 'a  wippei  of  a  child/ — ^Wobthen; 
Wbm. 

WIBES,  ab.  pi.  The  runners  of  strawberry-plants,  and  the  stiff, 
angular  stems  of  the  whortleberry  shrub,  are  respectively  and  alike 
called  vnres, — *  strawberry-mrea ; — *  wimberry-tw're*.'    Com. 

MyrttLBy  glossed  u^'r,  appears  in  an  Anglo-Saxon  Vocabulary ^  x.  or 
xL  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  286. 

WISB-HAV,  WISE-WOKAH,  sb.  one-man  or  woman,  as  the  case 
may  be— who  exercises  the  arts  of  divination,  and  deals  in  charms ; 
a  soothsayer.— Shbewsbttby;  CobveDalb;  Clee  Hills;  Ltjdlow. 
A.S.  wisa,  a  sage,  philosopher,  director,  wise  man.  Of.  Oanning- 
man.    See  Bk.  il..  Folklore,  &c.,  '  Charming.' 

WISES  fwei'zn],  (1)  v,  a.  to  teach  ;  to  cause  to  learn  wisdom, — 'I 
should  think  as  that  65d  wisen  'im  a  bit.' — Shbewsbuby  ;  Ellesmebe. 

*  o)«r-wise  wold  sche  noujt  *  un$$en  here  ladi 
H  what  manor  che  ment  *  last  sche  were  a-greued.' 

William  o/Falerne,  1.  640. 

'A.Sax.  vA9ian;  O.Sax.  wi$ean;  O.Ioel.  vi«a;  O.H.Q«rm.  noUen; 
to  instruct,  direct,  shew.'— Stbat. 

(2)  V,  n.  to  think  upon ;  to  reflect ;  to  cause  wisdom  to  bear  upon, 
in  thought, — '  I'll  wiwn  upon  it.' — ^Wellikgton. 

(3)  «6.,  var,  pr,  the  windpipe, — ^the  weasand. — Collieby. 

'  Uppon  his  iron  coUer  griped  fast,  ^ 
That  with  the  straint  ms  weaand  nigh  he  brast' 

Spenseb,  F,  Q.,  Bk.  Y.  c.  ii.  st.  xiv. 

'  ^umefiywasend,'  occurs  in  an  Anglo-Saxon  Vocabulary,  x.  or  xi. 
cent,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  L  p.  282,  where  it  relates  to  the  human 
body. 

'  Wesaunt,  of  a  beestys  throte.     TBo/agu$,*— 'Prompt.  Parv. 

*  A.S.  todaend;  O.Pns*  wcuende,  the  windpipe.' — ^Wedq. 

WI8K  r^'^'^Jy  9^'  A  cough — the  term  is  applied  to  the  domestic 
animals  of  a  farm,  horses,  cows,  &c. — Pttlvebbatoh  ;  Oswestby. 
'  To'd'n  better  tak  a  bag  an'  throw  o'er  the  mar^  awile  'er  stan's,  tui 
'er's  gotten  a  bit  of  a  wisk  now.'    Cf.  Hoosl 

WISKET,  (1)  sb.  a  strong  osier  basket  used  for  gardening  pur- 
poses,—same  as  Xipe,  q.  v.— Shbewsbttby;  Pulvebbatoh;  Ludlow. 
Qy.  com. 

'  A  Wisket,  or  Straw-basket,  in  which  Provender  is  given  Cows  or 
Oxen.' — Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  IE.  ch.  ix.  p.  173. 


486  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOR. 

Bay  gives  *  A  Whiskei,  a  Basket,  a  Skuttle  or  shallow  Fed,'  as  a 
'  North  Country  Word,'  He  also  gives  *  WUkti  *  as  an  altematiTe 
speUing. 

'  A  whUkti^  oorbiB,  oophinus.'— CoLis'  Lai,  Did.  A.D.  1677. 

(2)  tib.  the  wicker  case  in  which  a  stone  beer-botUe  is  caxiied  to 
the  field. — Newpobt. 

(3)  c6.  a  wicker  strainer  placed  over  the  spigot-bole  within  the 
masQ-tub  to  prevent  the  grains  passing  through  into  the  wort— 
Whitohttkoh.    CI  Kaahing-baaket. 

(4)  $h,  a  satchel  made  of  bass-matting. — ^Nswtobt  ;  Ezxxsicebs. 

WI8LB8  [wei'zlz],  eh.  pi.  potato-stalks.  —  Pclvebbatch;  Whit- 
GHUBCH ;  ETjT.twmurk  ;  OswESTBY.  '  The  Bough-Beds  bin  a  capital 
croppin*  iato,  an'  throwen  up  mighty  tall  tvislet,* 

itandle  Holme  says,  'The  tops  of  Carrats  and  Parsnips  ara  by 
Ghirdiners  termed  TFuoZZi,  and  some  Wisomea.' — Academy  of  Armory ^ 
Bk.  n.  ch.  iii.  p.  55. 

Compare  *  Wyie,  of  strawbeiy  (or  pesyn,  P.).  FraguM^'  in  PrompL 
Parv, 

WITAV-ELX,  sb.  Ulmia  numidna,  the  Wych  ELsl — Cobvb  Dale; 
Ludlow.  The  emplo]pient  of  twigs  of  this  tree  for  purposes  of  dim- 
ation  has  doubtless  given  rise  to  its  local  name.  A.S.  wiian^  gen. 
sing,  of  wita;  a  wit,  one  who  knows,  a  wise  or  cunning  man: 
whence  witan-dm  =  elm  of  the  wise  man.  See  Wiae-maa,  also 
r*rod  and  tuh  voce. 


WITAV-TSBB,  sh.  the  Mountain  Ash.— Cobve  Dalb.  A.S.  witan, 
as  for  above.  See  Bk.  IL,  Folklore^  &c.,  'Superstitions  connected 
with  Plants.'    Cf.  Witty-tree. 

WITCHES'-STEEIBTTPS,  sb.  pi  matted  locks  in  horses'  manes.- 
Cleb  Hills. 

<  This  is  that  very  Mab 
That  plats  the  manes  of  horses  in  the  night.' 

Borneo  and  JtUM,  L  iv.  89. 

See  Bk.  IL,  Folkhre,  fta,  'Witchcraft' 

WlTUUJLVr,  17.  a.  to  bewitch ;  to  practise  witchcraft— Ellesxbrb. 
A  coined  word  =  M.R  wicche : — 

"' were  ^  bo^  here, 

^  Bchuld  wieche  wel  *  nf  ^i  a-wei  went, 

H>U2h  per  were  werwolu  *  wi>  hem  foure  schore ! " ' 

William  of  Poleme,  1.  2539. 

A.S.  wiceian^  to  bewitch ;  to  use  sorcery. 

WITH  [with*],  (1)  8h.  a  tough,  pliant  twig,  as  of  Honeysuckle  or 
Willow.  —  PuLVBBBATCH.  *  To'u  find  as  'oneysuckle  wUhs  maken 
the  best  wrathes.' 

'  Brydille  base  he  righte  nane ; 
Seese  he  no  better  wane^ 
Bot  a  wuthe  has  he  tane. 
And  kenylles  his  stede.' 

Sir  Ftreevaly  421,  in  Bible  Word-Book. 
See  Wrathe. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   487 

(2)  ab.  a  band  of  twisted  willow-twigs. — ^Ludlow.  See  Judgea  xvi. 
7,  8,  9. 

'  Wythe  Bonde  {witthe  wythth,  S.).  Bcfia.  "  Bcia,  torques  dam- 
natorom,  quasi  jugum  in  Dove,  a  bos  didtur." — Oath.' — Prompt 
Farv.  and  Notea, 

A.S.  wi^te,  a  twisted  rod,  a  band.    See  Withy.    Of.  Wrathe. 

(3)  [wi**],  BRiDaNOBTH;  Newport;  Whitohtjroh.  fwudh], 
Brxdonoiith;  Wem;  Ellesmebe.  [55db*],  Sheewsbxtby;  Pulveb- 
BATOH.    Qj.  com.  in  8.  Shr,,  prep.    See  wi*. 

WITHABT  Fwidh-ur't],  ab.  the  simame  Woodward. — ^Whitchurch. 
A  certain  Clerg^3nnan  asked  a  man  who  was  called  Withart  what  his 
real  name  was.  The  man  could  not  tell,  but  his  wife  came  to  his 
aid :  *  WV/  said  she,  *  w'en  we  won  married  yo'  know  they  putten 
Woodward  V  the  beuk.'     '  Aye,  that's  it,*  said  the  man. 

Mr.  Skeat  says  the  A.S.  taidu,  wood,  is  found,  as  well  as  wudu; 
hence  the  i  is  quite  correct 

WITHER  [widhnir*],  v.  n,  to  speak  in  an  undertone,  with  an  accom- 

Saniment  of  nods  and  winks.  —  Pulvebbatch.    Qy.  com.    *  W'y 
unna  yo*  spake  up,  an*  nod  wither  an'  Visper  athatn  P ' 

WITHBEIHS,  sKy  oba.  the  second  floor  of  a  malt-house  where  the 
malt  was  dried  before  going  on  the  kiln. — ^Pulvebbatch;  Oluk. 
Qy.  com.    See  *  Wither  it^   &c.,  aub  voce  Croming-floor. 

WITHEBrWATHEB  [widh-ui^  wadh'ur'],  adj.  hesitating ;  stopping 
to  consider.  —  Shbewsbuby  ;  Pulvebbatch  ;  Wobthen  ;  Wem. 
Qy.  com.  *Whad!  yo'  bin  wither-wather  yet — ^keepin'  that  poor 
fellow  like  a  t$o&d  on  a  pitchfork.' 

WITHT  [widhi'],  ab.  the  name,  used  generically,  for  all  SaliceSy 
Willows  or  Osiers,  which  are  treea,  or  which  would  become  such, 
yielding  timber  after  their  kind.    Com. 

' ...  in  the  copse  itself,  where  the  witheya  were  gloved  with  silver 
and  gold,  and  the  primroses  and  the  violets  peeped,  and  the  first  of 
the  wood-anemones  oegan  to  star  the  dead  ash-leaves.' — B.  D.  Black- 
MOBE,  Cradock  NotveU,  A  Tale  of  the  New  Forest,  p.  335,  ed.  1880. 

'  The  Willow  tree  is  called  ...  in  English,  Sallow,  Withie,  and 
Willow.'— Gebabde's  Herball,  Bk.  HI.  p.  1931. 

*  Salix,*  glossed  '  tm'^V  i^  found  in  a  Semi^Saxon  Vooabvlary,  xii. 
cent.,  and  *wythy^  in  a  Metrical  Vocabulary y  xiv.  cent.,  in  Wr. 
vocabs.,  vol.  i.  pp.  92,  181. 

'A.Sax.  wiHiSe;  O.Icel.  vtt5;  O.Fris.  withihe;  O.H.Germ.  wida; 
withy  (withe),  acUix.^ — Stbat. 

Of.  Sally. 

WITHT-BED,  eh,  a  willow-plantation;  an  osier-holt.  Qy.  com. 
Cf  .  Sally-bed. 

WITTT-BBBBT,  sb.  the  berrv  of  the  Mountain-Ash.— Pulvbrbatch. 
'  The  little  wench  thought  erself  mighty  fine,  65th  'er  neckliss  o' 
witty'berTriea,* 

WITTT-TBEE,  sb.  the  Mountain-Ash.— Pulvebbatch.  See  Witan- 
tree. 


488  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

WIZZEV-FACED,  adj.  pale-faced,  with  sharp,  pmcbed  featnTes. 
Qy.  com.  ''Er^s  a  poor  wuseen-fcLeed  little  thiiig,  nuthin'  like  the 
rwt'  [others], 

*  A.Sax.  wisnian ;  O.Icel.  visna ;  O.H.Gterm.  toe»(e)n«n ;  to  wizsea 
{aresoere). '—  Strat. 

WOBBLE,  WOPPLE.    See  Wapple. 

WOLLEB,  WTJLLEB,  «&.  Alnua  glutindsa,  commoa  Alder.  Both 
forms  obtain. — Shrewsbusy;  Pulye&batoh  ;  Worthbn;  Clo; 
Wellinoton.    Of.  Owler. 

WOODCHUCK,  sb.  G^cmus  vCridia,  Green  Woodpecker.— Clus. 
SeeHaihow. 

WOODEH',  adj,f  pec,  stapid ;  doll  of  nnderstanding,  and  awkward 
as  a  consequence.  Com.  '  I  should  never  a  trusted  a  job  like  that 
to  sich  a  *85den  fellow  as  'im.'  This  use  of  the  term,  wooden  seems  to 
retain  a  lingering  sense  of  the  old  word  wood,  mad,  or  of  unsomid  or 
infirm  mind,  frequently  found  in  the  early  writers.    Compare- 

'  What  schulde  he  studie,  and  make  himselven  wood, 
Uppon  a  book  in  doystre  alway  to  powre.' 

Chauceb,  Ths  Prologue,  L  184,  ed.  Monis. 

In  the  Wykliffite  Version,  Festus  said  to  Paul,  'many  lettris 
tumen  thee  to  woodnesse.^ — Ads  xxyi  24. 

*  Woode  or  madde.    Amens  .  .  .' — Prompt  Parv. 

*  Amens,  mad,  yoid  of  reason,  or  sence,  wtthotU  wit  or  undeirdMiir 
ing^  [=  stupid  =  wooden], — Etum,  Lai.  Diet. 

'A.Sax.  w6d;  Goth,  vdds;  O.H.Gterm.  tiwofer;  O.IceL  <W5r;  wood, 
mad.*— Stbat. 

WOOBFnrr  [wuodfint],  8b.  the  place  where  the  cleft  wood  for  fires 
is  kept. — Ellesmebe. 

Compare  tint  =  find  with  '  Findit,  tosl&f,  tocleaf,*  and  '  Finderty 
todselan,*  which  occur  in  a  Vocabulary,  xi.  cent,  in  Wr.  yocabsL,  vc^ 
ii.  p.  37. 

WoodfiM  =  TFbod/int— Newport. 

WOODTAPPER,  8b.  Picus  minor,  the  Lesser  Spotted  Woodpecker. 
— Bridgnorth. 

WOODwlNll  fwei'nd],  8b.  Lonicera  Peridpinenum,  common  Honey- 
suckle; Woodbine. — Corve  Dale. 

'  Vivorna,^   glossed   '  wvdu-winde,*  is  found  in   an  Anglo-Saim 
Vocabulary,  x.  or  xL  cent,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  286. 
See  '  Woodbine '  sub  voce  Wrathe. 

WOOLEET  [wulur't],  sb.  an  owl.— Glun.     Of.  dolert. 

WOOLLT-BEAB,  same  as  Tommy-tailor,  q.  v. — Newport. 

WOBCH  [waur'-ch],  v.  a.  to  cause  pain ;  to  irritate. — Shrbwsburt. 
( 1 )  '  This  'ere  tuth  worches  me  aboye  a  bit.'  (2)  '  '£r  worched  the  poor 
chap  despertly.'    Cf.  Warch. 

WOBD  OF  A  SOBT,  phr.  an  admonition ;  a  rebuke, — ^  I  gid  'im  a 
word  of  a  sori.^    Com. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   489 

WOSX-BSATTLE,  culj,  indastrious ;  diligent ;  inclined  to  work. — 
PuLYERBATOH.  '  To*  bin  aVays  despert  work-brattle  toert  night — 
ketcbin'  the  day  by  the  lag-end.' 

*  Warck-hrattle,  fond  of  work.    Lane.,'  in  Pegge. 

WOBK  r  THE  BOF,  phr,  to  work  in  a  band.— Collibrt  ;  M.  T. 
See  Bond  (4),  also  Bondsmen. 

WOEET-WHEAT,  sb.  Ranunculus  arvinsis,  Com  Crowfoot.— Wbit 
LIKOTON,  High  Ercall.    See  Devil's  Ourry-comb. 

WOESEIT,  V.  a,  to  make  worse,-^'  Yo'n  wffsened  that  a  good  c^el, 
yo*d'n  better  a  lef  it  be.*^WHiTCHUBCH ;  Ellesme&e. 

WOESEE^  adj,  worse — a  doable  comparative.    Com. 

*  York,  Damsel  of  France,  I  think  I  have  yon  fsut : 


A  goodly  prize,  fit  for  the  devil's  grace  I 
See,  how  the  ngly  wench  doth  bend  her  brows. 
As  if  with  Circe  she  wonld  change  my  shape ! 
PucdU,  Changed  to  a  worstr  shape  thou  canst  not  be.* 

1  King  Henry  F/.,  V.  iii.  36. 

Mr.  HaUiwell  observes  of  woreer  that,  it '  is  still  in  use.' 
See  Oranunar  Outlines,  Adjedivea  (irregular  compariwM), 

WOTTT  [won't],  v.  n.  to  incline  on  one  side  so  as  to  fall ;  to  turn 
over.— -PuLVERBATCH.  'That  stack's  bin  cavin'  this  eood  bit,  an' 
las'  night  it  wonted  o'er.'    Ot  Waut,  also  Boot-wouted. 

r,  sb,   brunt ;    consequences.  —  Fulverbatch  ;    Wem  ; 


Ellesmere.    '  To*  jest  do  whad  I  tell  yo',  an'  I'll  stan*  the  wracket.' 

WEAVO  [r'ang-],  adj.  wrong. — Pulvbrbatoh  ;  Church  Strbtton. 
'  To'  bin  teUin'  the  lady  wrang^  said  a  woman  at  Church  Stretton, 
coming  forth  from  her  cottage  to  correct  a  neighbour,  whom  she  had 
overheard  giving,  what  she  believed  to  be,  erroneous  information  upon 
a  certain  point. 

'  Wallace  ansuerd,  said ;  "  thow  art  in  the  wrang,*^ ' 

BjsxrBY  THE  Minstrel  (a.d.  1461,  circa)^  ITaUace,  Bk.  I. 
Specim,  Eng,  Lit,  vi.  L  398. 

'  The  Poets,  too,  a  venal  gang, 

Wi'  rhymes  weel-tunrd  and  ready. 
Wad  gar  you  trow  ye  ne*er  do  wrang, 
But  ay  unerring  steady. 

On  sic  a  day.' 
EoBERT  Burns,  Poems,  p.  36,  L  26. 

•  Wrang,  OJcel.  rangr,* — Strat. 

WEATCH  [r*ach'],  sb,  a  term,  or  form  of  address,  employed  to 
express  the  feelings  when  pity  and  affection  are  combined  =  wretch. 
— Fulverbatch.  'Gk>d  elp  thee  wratch!  bist*ee  aumust  froze? 
Come  to  the  fire  an'  warm  thee  an'  a  tuthree  broth.' 

WEATHE  [r'ai-dh],  sb.  the  twisted  band  of  tough  twigs— <  uriths,* 


490  SHROPSHIRE  WORI>*BOOK« 

as  they  are  called — ^whioli  go68-roand  a '  besom.' — ^PuLysEBAXCH.  '  The 
Maieter  ^d  fiye  ehillin'  m  a  dosen  birch  beaoma  for  the  bam— they 
wun  capital  good  une,  an*  the  wraihei  o5n  do  agen,  fur  they  bin  made 
o'  *oney suckle  withs.'     Compare — 

'  He  bar  a  bordun  I-bounde  *  vif^  a  brod  iTste, 
In  A  wepe-bondes  wy9e  '  I^writhen  abouteu 

Fier$  PL,  Text  A.,  pass.  tL  L  9- 

where  *  we)>ehonde '  means  Woodbine  (Honeysuckle) ;  and  compare  also 
'  Woodhinde,  binde-weede,  or  withieunndey  because  it  windee  about 
other  plantes.'— Minsheu,  in  Skbat'b  Noie$,  p.  145,  ed.  £.  B.  T.  8. 

A.S.  ioraii,  wrdiif  what  is  twisted,  a  wreath.    Ci  With  (2).    See 
With  (1).    See  also  Woodwind. 

WBECKLnra.    see  Beokling. 

WSEKnr  DOTE,  sh.  Turtur  aurUm,  Turtle  Dove.— WBLUNOToy. 
Called  Wrekin  Dove  because,  while  known  to  be  a  scarce  bird  in 
many  narts  of  England,  it  habitually  frequented  the  large  woodfl 
about  tne  Wrekin. 

WBIT  [r^it*],  preL  wrote. — Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com.  Tve  sen' 
many  a  letter  for  'er  to  Jack  Ven  'e  wuz  a-sodgerin',  but  *e  never 
writ  to  'er,  as  I  know  on.*  Writ,  a  contraction  of  the  participle 
ivritten^  was  formerly  in  good  use  as  a  preterite. 

'  Maria  writ 
The  letter  at  Sir  Toby's  great  ixnportance.* 

Twelfth  Night,  V.  i  370. 

* "  I  writ  lately  to  Mr.  Pope,'*  Swift  says,  writing  to  Gay.'- 
Thaokerat*8  English  Himouri$t$. 

A.S.  wrHan  ;  Icel.  Hto,  to  write.    Cf.  Wrote,  below. 

WSirnrO-ltAIBTER,  «&  EmbeHaa  dtrindloy  the  Yellow  Ammer. 
— PxTLVEBBATOH.  '  I  kuow  to  a  Writin'-maiiter'B  nist  65th  five  young 
uns  in  it,'  said  a  Hanwood  boy.  The  egjgs  of  this  bird  are  dotted  and 
scribbled  all  oyer,  somewhat  m  the  fSasmon  of  a  child's  early  attempts 
at  writing,  whence  the  name  Writing^maieter,    See  Blacksmith. 

WBOSTLE  [r'osi],  v.  ».,  var.  pr.  to  strive ;  to  struggle,  —  to 
wrestle.  Qy.  com.  'To'  conna  ate  all  that,  Jack.'  'Fm  welly 
boE^n,  Missis,  but  1*11  wroe^U  wuth  it.*  The  participle,  wrosUing,  is 
used  to  express  an  idea  of  size  or  strength, — '  a  great  big,  wroili^^ 
fellow.' 

WBOTE,  pret.  for  part,  pad,  written, — '  Tve  wrote  to  tell  'er  the 
raps.'    Com.    So  Shakespeare  has  it : — 

'  Ztttif  tM.  Thanks,  royal  sir. 

My  emporer  hath  wrote,  I  must  from  hence.' 

Cgmhdine,  EH.  ▼.  3.  . 
Of.  Writ,  above. 

WUJL,  sh  an  oak. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulverbatch ;  Church  Strbtton. 
Qy.  com.  '  The  Squire  's  leveUin'  the  %ouk  this  'ear,  but  I  ddnder  as 
*e  dunna  a  some  o'  them  owd  rundels  down.'  See  W  (3)  in  Grammar 
Outlines  {eonsonanti,  &c.)  for  this  and  the  followiog  words. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC  491 

WULL,  wilL    See  Orammar  Ontlines,  p.  Ixxx. 

'  Poure  out  the  'wine  without  restraizit  or  stay, 


Poure  out  to  all  that  timlV 

Spensbb,  EpUhalamwn,  L  252. 

WULLEE.    See  Woller. 

WUBrFEOST.     See  Whoar-frost 

WUTH  [wuth'l,  8b.  an  oath. — Shrbwbbubt;  Pulvbrbatch.  Qy. 
com.  '  III  tak  my  vmth  as  theer  inna-d-a  better  trottin'  xaar*  gwuz 
the  rSoad  than  that  o*  the  Maister's.' 

WUTMIL,  sb.  oatmeal.    Qy.  coul 

WUT8,  sb.  oats.    Qy.  com. 


TAL  [yaa*l]y  eh  ale. — Brtdonobth.  'Them  chaps  wnn  anmust 
tossicated  wi'  ycU  afore  a  wenten  i'  the  Jarge  [Georse]  an'  Dragon, 
an'  bygom !  a  gotten  some  spirits  theer  to  top-up  hke ;  an*  it  made 
'em  right  drunk,  but  the  Missis  'ad  'em  turned  out  then,  no  danger ! ' 
ClTeaL 

TALLOW  [yal'u'],  cu^,  yellow.  Com.  '  I  dunna  like  the  waiter 
from  the  pit  fur  wediin',  it  mak's  the  do'es  as  yaUow  as  a  Meadow 
Bout '  [^Marsh  Marigold]. 

'  Theise  cooodrilles  lien  serpentes,  ^aJowe  and  rayed  aboyen,  and 
han  four  feet,  and  schorte  thyes  and  erete  navies,  as  dees  or  talouns.' 
— Sib  John  MAimEViLLB  [a.d.  1356],  Travdt,  p.  198,  in  HaL 

'  A.Sax.  gedo;  O.H.Germ.  gdwer^  yeUow.'— Strat. 

TALLOW-WOBT,  ab,  a  mild  form  of  jaundice :  a  severer  type  is 
called  the  *  black  jaunders.'  Com.  '  Poor  owd  Mr.  Jandrell  o'  the 
Qroye  is  very  bad  now ;  'e's  'ad  the  ydUow-wori  a  lung  wilde,  an'  it's 
turned  to  the  black-jaunders.'    Compare— 

'For  the  ydow-^ou^i^  that  men  callin  the  jaundya.  Take  hard 
Speynich  sope  and  a  litiLle  stale  ale  in  a  ooppe,  and  rubbe  the  sope 
ajens  the  coppe  botum  tylle  the  ale  be  qwyte.' — MS,  Sloane,  7,  £  73, 
in  Hal. 

See  JaunderB. 

TAPEHBY  [yaap*ni'],  ab.  a  halfpenny. — Bridgnorth. 

TAB  [yaaV],  (1)  sb.  hair, — *The  child  mun  'ave  'er  yar  cut  short,  I 
doubt.'    Com. 

(2)  ah.  a  cider  hair, — ^a  sieve  used  in  the  process  of  cider-making. — 
Glee  Hills. 

TABBALIST,  sb,  a  quack  whose  materia  medica  is  comprehended 
in  his  use  of  herbs ;  a  herbaHst.  Com.  *  Well,  fiir  my  part  I  hanna 
much  opinion  o'  quack  doctors;  theer's  nuthin'  like  the  Firmary, 
w'eer  theer's  plenty  o'  lam'd  men ;  an'  if  sich  as  Clement  an'  Burd 
canna  cure,  I  shouldna  a  much  foith  in  a  yarhaM,'* 


492  SHE0P8HIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

TABB8,  ab.  pi.  herbs.  Com.  '  The  Maj-month's  the  best  time  ta 
eet  yarh% ;  I  sid  owd  Lacy  busy  along  the  diche-bonkB  the  tother 
day.  *  Aye,  Vs  mighty  diver,  uiey  teUen  me,  an'  fores  a  power  o* 
folks.' 

TABD-COAL,  «5.  a  good  coal  for  manofactoring  porposes. — Collubt; 
M.  T.    See  nib  voce  Top-Goal. 

TABB,  (tdj.  eager ;  ready. — Clkb  Hills. 

'  IT^^^  ^^  ^™  hom,  he  wore  yare^ 
n  Ghimee  sones,  forto  fiue 
In-to  ^  se,  fishes  to  gete, 
pat  haoelok  mithe  wel  of  ete/ 

Havdak  the  Dane,  L  139L 

<  Pompey and  I  hope,  if  700  haye  occasion  to  ose  me  for 

yoor  own  torn,  yoo  shall  find  me  yare.* — Measure  for  Jfecutire, 
IV.  ii.  62. 

Jamieson  has  '  Tare,    Beady,  alert,  in  a  state  of  preparation.' 

*  A.Sax.  gearu;  O.Sax.  yaru;  O.H.G(enn.  yar(e)w«r;  O.IceL  gorr; 
yare,  ready.' — Strat. 

TABEWnn>8  [yaaVwinz  and  yaer''winz],  ab.,  oba,  a  machine  for 
holding  yam  intended  to  be  made  into  skems  or  woond  into  balls.— 
PuLVE&BATOH.  The  yarewinde  consisted  of  a  reel  and  stand.  The 
reel  was  a  stock  something  like  the  naye  of  a  wheel,  with  foor  annB, 
inserted  crosswise,  t.  e.  at  opposite  diameters ;  tiiese  arms  were  per- 
fbrated  at  regpilar  distances  itom.  the  end,  to  receive  the  tall  wooden 
pins  roond  which  the  yam  was  woond.  By  means  of  the  holes— 
aboot  fiye  in  each  arm — the  pins  coold  be  ad[]osted  to  '  slippinss,'  or 
skeins,  of  yarioos  lengths.  The  stand  consisted  of  a  small  block, 
forming  an  apex,  as  it  were,  to  the  three  legs  which  sopported  it,  and 
haying  in  its  centre  a  piyot  opon  which  the  reel  rotated,  f  A  tripod,  to 
serye  as  a  stand  for  the  reel,  woold  sometimes  be  nidely  rashioned  by 
cotting  a  three-forked  branch  to  the  reqoisite  length,  and  inyerting 
it)  The  whole  affair  was  aboot  two  feet  and  a  half  from  the  ground. 
"When  spinning  was  a  hoosehold  indostry,  yarewinde  sopplemented 
the  wheel ;  the  yam  spon  and  twisted  on  the  latter  bein^  wound  on 
the  reel,  as  the  socceeding  process  by  which  the  'slippings'  were 
formed.  linen-yam,  when  it  had  been  made  into  'shppings,'  was 
bleached,  and  afterwards  retomed  to  the  yarewinds,  from  which  it 
was  woond  into  baUs  for  the  cottage  weayer.  Spinning- wheels  and 
yarewinde  were  in  ose  aboot  1640,  and  probably  at  a  later  date  stilly 
Walter  de  Biblesworth — xiii,  cent — cuscoorsmg  to  *dame  Muriel' 
opon  spinning,  says^ 

'  A  wodres  ore  alez ; 
E  yostre  filoe  li  wodez.' 

*  Wudru '  is  glossed  '  a  yar^wy^ndd,*  and  the  second  line, '  wynde 
thi  yam.' — See  Wr.  yocabe.,  yol.  i.  p.  157. 

'jame  wyndel,  ....  (or  yirvfyndyV),  QirgiUva.  **  A  sy^* 
dicttur  gyrgilltiSf  instrumefiium  femineum,  quod  alio  nomine  akitur 
volutoriumy  quia  vertendo  in  gyrum  inde  fila  devolvuntur.  Filum  de 
colo  dtuntur  in  fuaum ;  a  fueo  in  aldbrum^  vel  tradudorium ;  ab  alabro 
in  gyrgillum  vel  devoiutorium ;  a  gyrgiUo  in  glomicdlumJ'^CxTB.*'- 
Prompt  Parv,  and  Notes,  pp.  536,  188. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  493 

'  OirgiUua,    A  reele  to  winde  thread  on,  winde  blades,*-— Did.  Eiym. 
Lai, 

See  Tarnaclesy  also  Tarrinsrlea,  below.     Cf.  Swifts.    See  Slip- 
ping. 

TABLY  lyaaVli'],  adj,  and  adv,  early.  Com.  '  They  bin  mighty 
yarly  folks,  them  new-comers  at  Arscott,  an'  looken  as  'ard  as  muntin 
tits '  [mountain  ponies]. 

'  Nyght  and  day  he  ys  in  sorowe. 
Late  on  eyyn,  virly  on  morowe. 

Ma,  CanUib.  Ft  ii.  38,  f.  148,  in  Hal. 
C£  Arly. 

TAEV  [yaaT'n],  (1)  v,  a.  to  earn.  Com.  'Wen  I  could  yam 
money,  I  didna  nund  spendin',  but  now  I  canna  get  nuthin',  I  *&Ye  to 
be  carfuL' 

'  When  raine  is  a  let  to  thy  dooin^  abrode, 

set  threshers  a  threshing  to  laie  on  good  lode : 
Thresh  cleane  ye  must  bid  them,  though  lesser  they  yam, 
and  looking  to  thriue,  haue  an  eie  to  thy  bame.' 

TussEB,  Fine  Hundred  Pointee  of  Good  Husbandrie 
[November]. 
Cf.   " 


(2)  $b.  Ardea  cinArea^  the  Heron. — Whi'I'OHUKCH,  TiUiock,  The 
Heron  frequents  the  Brown  Mom  between  Whitchurch  and  TUstock 
[1874], 

TABVACLES,  ah,,  obs.  a  turning-reel  for  yam  to  be  wound  upon. — 
Newpobt.  Yarnaclea  were,  for  all  intents  and  purposes,  the  same  as 
the  yarewinds  preyiously  described,  q.  y. ;  but  they  were  somewhat 
simpler  in  construction,  the  reel  being  merely  two  nat  pieces  of  wood 
laid  one  oyer  the  other, — ^like  a  S.  A^ndrew's  Cross,  in  form, — with  a 
hole  in  the  middle  to  enable  it  to  rotate  on  a  pivot.  The  arms  were 
perforated  like  those  of  the  yarewinds,  and  for  the  same  reasons ;  the 
tall  pegs  holding  the  yam  lleing  fitted  into  the  holes  at  the  compass 
required  by  the  skein.  A  pedestal,  or  stand  of  some  kind,  having  a 
nivot  in  the  centre,  served  for  the  reel  to  work  upon.  See  Yarringles, 
Delow. 

TABHSST.    See  stib  voce  Eamast 

TABBIVOLES,  same  as  Yamaoles,  above. — ^Wellington.  Qy. 
com. 

Bandle  Holme  enumerates  amongst  'Things  belonging  to  Spinning,* 
*  Tarringle  blades,  Foot  or  Stand,  and  Yarringle  Pegs,  or  JPinns.* — 
Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  m.  ch.  iii.  p.  106. 

Bailey^-ed.  1782 — gives  '  Yarringtes,  Yarringle  Blades,  an  Instru* 
ment  from  which  Ha^Ls  of  yam  are  wound  into  Clews  or  Balls.' 

'  Hoc  nirgilium,  a  par  gamwyndil-blades,*  is  enumerated  amongst 
thin^  pertaining  to  spinning,  in  a  Nominale,  xv.  cent,  in  Wr.  vocabk, 
vol.  L  p.  217. 

From  A.S.  gearn,  yam ;  and  windan^  to  wind.  See  Yarringles,  in 
Hal.    See  Yarewinds. 

YASK  [yaas'k],  ah  a  term  used  to  express  the  sound  made  by  a 


494  SHROPSHIBK  WORD-BOOK« 

Tiolent  effort  to  get  quit  of  something  in  the  throat.— Wuitcuuhch. 
'  Bygum !  'e  wuz  anmost  choked,  'e  gid  sich  a  y<uk,* 

'I  yeaA^e,  I  gyre  a  noyse  out  of  my  stomackey/s  engloyteJ—VBHa- 
grave,  in  Hal. 

A.  8.  giscianf  to  sob. 

TAirLTyaui],  v,  a.  to  puU,  or  drag  roughly ;  to  hauL — Clse  Hilu. 
See  Hr(2)  in  Orammar  Outlinea  {amsonanta^  &c), 

TAWP  [yau'p],  sb.  the  nape  of  the  neck. — Clbb  Hilds.  Cf.  Senfl^  &c 

TEAL.    See  sub  voce  Ale. 

TEAH  [ee*n  and  yee'n],  v.  n.  to  bring  forth  lambs.  Com.  ''Ow 
bin'ee  gettin'  on  66th  yore  shipP*  'Oh I  rarly;  we'n  got  four  an* 
twenty  lombs  66th  ten  yeows,  most  on  'em  'ad  n  three,  an'  the  rest 
double-couples,  an'  theer's  eighteen  to  ean  yet ;  but  we'n  lost  two.' 

*  So  many  days  my  ewes  have  been  with  young ; 
So  many  weeks  ere  the  poor  fools  will  eanJ 

3  Henry  VL,  IL  T.  36. 

'  Eawes  readie  to  yeane, 
craues  ground  rid  cleane.' 

TusSEB,  Januaries  abgtract,  ed.  £.  D.  S.,  p  73. 

Bay  gives  as  a  '  Someraet'  Proverb,  *  She  stamps  like  an  Ewe  upon 
yeaning.' — p.  268. 
See  *  Enyn,'  with  Way's  Note,  in  Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  140. 
*  A.Sax.  eanian  ;  Du.  oonen^  to  yean,  lamb.' — Stbat. 

TEAK  [yee-h'r*  and  ee'h'r'],  sb.  pi,  years, — *  They'n  bin  i'  that  'ooae 
twelve  year  nex'  Miamas.'    Com. 

« «  For  sohe  hade  broiut  hem  of  bale  *  bot^,"  Ivei  seide, 
**  &  i-leng|»ed  here  lii  *  mani  long  sere."' 

WtUtam  of  Paleme,  L  1(M0. 

'  Thre  yeer  and  more  how  lasteth  her  vitaille  P ' 

Chavosb,  B.  499  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 

A.S.  gedr  ;  loel.  Ar  ;  Qoth.  /er,  a  year.    GThe  A.S.  plural  is  also  geSf, 
See  Grammar  Outlines  {nouns  o/time,  &c.),  p.  xliiL 

TEAT  [yi'*a't1,  sb,  and  v.  a.  lieat ;  to  heat — ^Pulvbrbatgh.  '  Theer's 
some  sense  i  querd-66d  fur  the  oven,  it  ouds  the  yeSt,  but  this  poor 
brash  keeps  yo'  on  filh'n'  an'  does  no  good.'    Cf.  Yet. 

TEATH,  TETH  [yi'mth],  Churoh  Stbbttok.  [yeth*],  Shbswbbubt  ; 
Pulvxbbatoh;  Cms;  Wbm.  Qy.com.,  8b.  heath.  "Weerdidthe 
starm  o'ertak'  vo'  P '  *  Jest  i'  the  middle  o'  Frees  Yeth^  an'  no  shelter 
o'  ne'er-a  side.     See  example  sub  voce  Faggit  (1).    A.S.  AdsK,  heath. 

TED  [yed*],  sb.  a  head.  Com.  '  See,  John,  'ow  the  Maistei's  im- 
proved yore  ved  a'ready  I '  This  observation,  addressed  to  *  John'  by 
ids  wife,  did  not  refer  to  his  own  '  yed,'  but  to  the^  Qoaf  s  Head 
on  an  intended  sign-board — ^half  painted,  and  much  misrepresented, 
by  John  himself— which,  the  '  Maister '  chancing  to  see,  and  Ymof 
moved  to  amend,  was  at  that  moment  dashing  in,  with  ^e  artiatio 
ekill  and  requisite  knowledge  of  blaaonry.    See  Head. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   495 

TEDAKT.     See  Edward. 

TBD-COLLAA.    See  Head-ooUar. 

TED-OTJT.    See  Head-out. 

TBD-STALL     See  Eead-stalL 

TEDSTBinrO,  adj.  headstrong;  stubborn.  Com.  ''E's  a  yed- 
strung  young  rascal,  but  'e'e  gwel'n  to  a  Maaster  as  6ol  bend  'im,  or 
break  'im.' 

TELLOP  [yael'up],  v,  n.  to  bark,  howl,  cry,  as  dogs  do — to  yelp. — 
Worthen;  Wbm.    A.S.  gdpan,  to  yelp.    CJf.  YowL 

TELLOW  HOMBEB,  sb.  the  Yellow  Ammer.— Ludlow  ;  Wbm. 
See  Homber,  also  Blackamith.    Cf.  Gtolden  Amber. 

TELVX  [yel'v  and  yil-v],  sb,  a  garden-fork. — Wbm  ;  Whitchurch  ; 
Ellesmebb.    a  North  border  word. 

•  The  Farts  of  a  Yelve,    The  Barr,  or  Cross  Bar.    The  Tangs,  or 
Forks.     The  Socket,  for  the  Stail  to  go  in.    The  Staile.    Te  kaspe,  is 
the  top  part  on  which  the  man  holds? — Academy  of  Armory ^  Bk.  III. 
ch.  yiii.  p.  337. 
C£  Sharevil. 

TEOW  [you*  ajid  yi'ou*],  ab.  a  ewe.    Com.     See  example  tsub  voce 


'  Or,  if  he  wanders  up  the  howe. 
Her  living  image  in  her  yowe 
Gomes  bleating  to  him,  owre  the  knowe. 
For  bits  o*  bread.' 
BoBBBT  Burks,  PoeiM,  p.  33,  L  22,  c.  2. 

*  A.Sax.  eowu;  O.H.Gbrm.  awi;  O.Du.  ouwe,  oie,  a  ewe.* — Strat. 

TEP.     See  Heap. 

TEPPED  [yep-t],  part,  adj.  heaped.  Com.  *  I  piit  a  yepped  box 
o*  coal  o'  liie  fire  now  jest.' 

TEBKIWIO  [yaer'-i'wig],  eb.  an  earwig. — Pulvbrbatch.  Qy.  com. 
*  Mother,  does  a  yerriwig  bite  or  sting  P  *  *  Ne'er-a  one,  dunna  yo'  see 
as  it's  gotten  pinsons  fur  a  tail  ? — so  it  pinches.' 

*  In  a  Vocabulary,  Harl.  MS.  1002,  is  found,  "  aur%olu$,  Anglice  a 
yrwyggt/** — Way,  m  Prompt.  Farv.,  p.  143. 

See  Erriwig,  also  Arrawig. 

TEKTE  [yiir'th-],  sb.  earth ;  soil.  Qy.  com.  *  Whad  bin  *ee  cartin' 
yerth  fur,  Dick — is  dirt  sca'ce  at  yore  place  ? '  '  The  Maister's  '&yin' 
a  mount  [mound]  made  round  the  lawn,  to  grow  primmiroses,  or 
Bummat.* 

*  1690.  Paid  for  carringe  the  verthe  out  where  the  organes  stood,  yj'.' 
— Churchwardens^  Accounts^  S.  Mary's,  Shrewsbury. 

*  Than  the  kynge  sayde,  '*is  my  sonne  deed  or  hurt,  or  on  the 
yerthe  felled?"  "no,  sir,"  quod  fiie  knyght,  "but  he  is  hardely 
matched,  wherefore  he  hathe  nede  of  your  ayde."  '—Lord  Bebkers 
(a,d.  1623),  Tht  Battle  of  Crecy.    Specim.  Eng.  Lit,  xv.  6. 1.  124. 


496  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

'  Nay,  eyen  the  yirih  itael  does  cry, 
For  E'mbmgh  wells  aro  gnitten  dry.* 

KOBEBT  BiTRirs,  Foems,  p.  137,  L  9,  c.  2. 

A.  8.  eoHSe,  earth,  ground. 

TE8  [yaes-],  Newport,  [yaa-sl  Church  Strbtton.  [ei-s],  Church 
Stretton,  Leebotwood,  [i'sB*],  Pitlyerbatch;  Wobthek;  OLim; 
Oswestry.  Qy.  oom.,  cmo,  A.S.  gese;  ffiae,  yea.  See  S  (7)  (8)  (10) 
(12)  in  Oramznar  Outlines  {vaweh,  &c.). 


YET  [yaet*],  same  as  Teat. — ^Wem  ;  Ellbsmerb. 

TIT  [yit*  and  it],  adv,  yet» — '  *£  hanna  bin  theer  yit  as  I  know  on.' 
Qy.  oom. 

*  He  neyere  yit  no  yileinye  ne  sayde 
In  al  his  lyf ,  unto  no  manor  wight.' 

Chaucer,  Tlie  Ftologue,  L  70,  ed.  Morria. 

' .  .  .  .  womman  ?  myn  our  cam  not  ^t.' — John  ii.  4,  Wydiffite 
Version,  a.d.  1388. 
A.S.  git  (ivith  negative),  yet. 

TOCSEL  [yok*h'l],  sb.  the  Green  Woodpecker. — Et.TiRRMBKE.  See 
EcalL 

TOK  [yok*],  sb,  a  yoke,  such  as  is  put  round  the  neck  of  a  pigito 
preyent  it  breaking  tiirough  a  hedge. — ^Pulyerbatgh.  'Am  jv* 
Din  lucky,  like  Tum  'Odges,  as  lost  fiye  pund,  an'  fund  a  pigs  ydi' 
This  is  proyerbially  said  of  any  one  who  is  imfortunate  in  sustaming 
losses. 

'  Boweth  your  nekke  ynder  that  blisful  yok 
Of  soueraynetee,  nought  of  seruyse, 
Which  that  men  clepeth  spousail  or  wedlok.' 

Chaucer,  B.  113  (Six-text  ed.),  Skeat 

*yjkke,    Jugum,^ — Prompt,  Parv, 

'  A.Sax.  geocy  ioc;  QtottLJuk,  a  yoke.' — Strat. 

TOK-FABM,  8b.  the  best  farm  on  an  estate. — ^Pulybrbatgh.  'I 
*spect  owd  Price  made  a  good  bit  o'  money  theer — ^it  wuz  al'ays  sud 
to  be  the  yok-farm  on  the  Lordship,  an*  'e  'eld  it  aboye  forty  year.' 

'  A  little  fjftnn  or  manor  in  some  parts  of  Kent  is  called  a  ^Md^- 
Kennett,  in  Hal. 

TOEHTO  [yaukin'],  part.  adj.  making  a  noise  in  the  throat  as  if 
about  to  yomit;  retching,  and  such  like. — Pulyerbatch.  ^I  tiusk 
the  waggoner  'ad  a  drop  too  much  las'  night,  I  'eSrd  'inx  yokin*  T  tlie 
back  fond.' 

*  Ful  pale  he  was,  for-dronken,  and  nought  red. 
He  yoxeihf  and  he  speketh  thurgh  the  nose.' 

Chaucer,  C.  T.,  L  4U9. 

See  '^xyn\'  with  Way's  Note,  in  Prompt.  Parv.y  p.  639. 

TOBD,  (1)  8b.  a  small  enclosure  of  land  contiguous  to  a  house.— 
PuLYERBATOH.  '  £un  to  the  yord  an'  see  if  the  gis  an'  gullies  bin  all 
right.' 


J 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   497 

'  A  yerd  sche  hadde,  enclosed  al  aboute 
With  stikkes,  and  a  drye  dich  withoute, 
In  which  she  hadde  a  cok,  highte  Ohauntecleer, 
In  al  the  lend  ofl^rowyng  nas  his  peer.' 

Chaucer,  The  Nonne  Freates  Tale,  1.  27,  ed.  Moiris. 

*  jerd,  or  ^ord.     Ortus.* — Prompt,  Parv. 
A.S.  geardf  an  enolosiire. 

(2)  ah,  in  composition — ^the  enclosure  round  about  a  Church — ^the 
church-yord :  the  form  is  an  old  one  thus. — Shrewsbtjbt  ;  Pxtlyeb- 
BATCH.  Qy.  com.  *  I  tell  yo*  whad  I  think — poor  Dick's  cufF  soun's 
mighty  like  Ohurton  Church-yord '  [i,  e.  *  a  Churchyard  cough ']. 

'  This  yeare  one  Degory  Waters  oi  Salop  draper  dyeed  the  xxviij^A 
day  of  Julii  A*  1477  ana  was  buryed  in  Sainct  Mary's  churche  in 
Salop  in  Trynytie  Ohanpel  he  in  hys  lyffe  tyme  buylded  all  the  Alms- 
howsen  in  oi  Marys  churche  yords  and  dwellyd  in  the  Almeshowse 
hall  there  amongst  them  and  wold  also  kneele  amo'gst  them  in  the 
same  churche  in  a  fayre  longe  pewe  made  for  them  and  hym  selfe.' — 
Early  Chronicles  of  Shrewsbury  {Taylor  MS.),  in  Transwctions  of  the 
Shropshire  Archceological  and  Natural  History  Society. 

TOSK,  adj.  shrewd ;  sharp,  as  in  driving  a  bargain :  the  term  is 

generally  understood  in  a  sinister  sense. — Pulveebatch.     *  Oh  !  'e 

munna  think  to  get  o'er  me  athatn,  if  'e's  york,  'e'U  fine  me  york  too.' 

Compare  *  Yark.    Sharp,  acute,  quick,'  which  Mr.  Halliwell  gives 

as  a  Devon  word. 

YOBJI,  sb.  yarn.  Com.  *  I  like  the  yam  scoured  afore  it's  knit, 
but  the  owd  knitters  sen  it  grains  best  i'  the  grace,'  i.  e.  works  more 
smoothly  with  the  grease  in  it,  as  it  was  spun. 

*  A.Sax.  gearn;  O.Icel.,  O.H.Gherm.  gam,  yam.' — Strat. 

YOWL  [you'l],  V.  n.  to  howl,  as  dogs  do.  Com.  *  If  yo'  tie'n  that 
dog  up,  'e'U  yowl  all  night,  an'  I  shanna  get  a  wink  o'  sleep.' 

*  The  kyng  passed  therby  as  the  greyhound  was  that  kept  his  lord 
and  his  maystre,  and  the  greyhound  aroos  agayn  hem,  and  bygan  to 
^owle  upon  hem.' — MS.  Bodleian,  546,  in  Hal. 

*  A  dog  winna  yowl,  an'  ye  hit  him  wi*  a  bane.' — North  Country 
Proverb. 

Grose  has  *  Fowl.    To  cry  or  howl.    N.' 

*  Low  Germ,  jdlen,  jaulen,  yowl,  howl.' — Steat. 
Cf.  Yellop. 

TOWLnfO,  part.  adj.  crying  vociferously. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulvbr- 
batoh;  Wellington.  Qy.  com.  *Whad  bin  yo'  yowlin'  about? 
rU  gie  yo'  summat  to  cry  fur  direc'ly,  as'll  mak'  it  run  aisy 
fur  yo'.' 

TOWP  [you'p],  V.  n.  and  sb.  to  give  a  short  bark ;  the  bark  itself. — 
PciLVEEBATOH ;  OswESTKY.  Qy.  com.  *  Nip  's  a  rar'  dog ;  'e  gid  a 
bit  on  a  yowp  at  the  55d-pil  jest  now,  an*  I  knowed  'e  smelt  summat, 
or  'e  55dna  yowp  athatn,  so  I  begun  to  pool  the  $6d  about,  an'  out 
bouted  a  great  big  rot ;  'e  soon  fettled  that,  an'  went  in  an*  fat  another 
out — Oh !  thinks  I,  theer's  a  nist  'ere,  an'  by-gum,  theer  wuz,  an' 
thirteen  young  uns.' 

KK 


498  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

ZAD,  ZOD  [zsd'l  WoRTHKH.  [zod-],  Com.  the  letter  Z.  'The 
zods  be  deupert  aukert ! '  exclaimed  a  young  Benrant-^1  from  Bitter- 
ley  (near  Ludlow),  taking,  apparently,  a  retroepechye  yiew  of  the 
dijfficultiee  surmounted  in  learning  her  letters,  under  the  tuition  of 
her  Mistress,  who  had  set  about  to  teach  her  to  read  and  write,  on 
finding  that  she  could  do  neither  (1859). 

ZODICAL,  sb.  Zadkiel,  used  elliptically  for  '  ZadkieTs  Almanac:— 
Shrewsbury  ;  Atcham.  Qy.  com.  This  Almanac,  with  its  Cahalis^ 
ical  characters,  its  HieroglYpnics  and  Prophetic  Allusions,  is  the  Oracle 
of  the  peasantry.  It  would  seem  as  if  somehow  they  had  confounded 
Zadkiel,  the  name  of  their  Prophet,  with  Zodiacal,  that  which  peztsinB 
to  the  signs  of  the  seasons,  in  their  term  Zodical, 


499 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  GLOSSARY. 


ALLEY,  (1)  sb.  a  garden-path. — ^Fulverbatch.  'Yo'  can  play  i' 
the  gardin  if  yo'n  mind  to  keep  on  the  alley,  'cause  yore  Faither  'a 
dug  the  ground.'    Tusser  calls  a  path  or  wall:  an  cUley : — 

*  sawe  dust  spred  thick 
makes  alley  trick.' 

Septembers  abstract,  ed.  E.  D.  S„  p.  33. 

Fr.  alUe,  a  passage,  a  walk ;  from  oiler,  to  go. 

(2)  sb.  a  choice  kind  of  marble,  which  is  highly  valued  by  boys, 
and  is  made  of  white  or  cream-coloured  marble.    (Jom. 

AHHOT,  V,  a.  to  damage ;  to  spoil, — '  That  theer  bit  o'  roche  'as 
annoyed  my  spade.' — Welunoton.  Tusser  employs  annoying  in  the 
sense  of  injuring  as  follows : — 

'  Make  riddance  of  carriage,  er  yeere  go  about, 
for  spoiling  of  plant  that  is  newlie  come  out. 
To  carter  (with  oxen)  this  message  I  bring, 
leaue  oxen  abrode  for  anoieng  the  spring.' 

Aprils  husbandrie,  ed.  E.  D.  S.,  p.  105 — 

where  *  anoieng  tJie  spring '  means  damaging  the  young  shoots.    See 
Note. — Ibid, 

AHTELTJTE  Fan-ti'loot],  ah.,  ohs,  1  a  tea-party  at  a  cottage,  got  up 
for  the  benefit  of  the  goodwife. — Ellesmebe,  Nessdiff,  *  Now  then, 
girls,  if  yo'n  look  sharp  an'  get  jore  work  done,  yo'  sha'n  g66  to  the 
antelute '  [1840].    Perhaps  a  ludicrous  corruption  of  interlude, 

AXTLD  [au'ld],  adj,  shrewd ;  sly;  cunning. — Worthen.  (I)  '1  wuz 
too  auld  far  'im — I  bested  'im.'  (2)  '  Our  young  Turn  looked  pretty 
atUd  at  me  Ven  the  paas'n  said  'e  supposed  theer'd  be  a  Chns'nin' 
fur  'im  afore  lung.' 


BABBSL,  «&.,  ohs,  an  appendage  proper  to  the  little  wheel, — a  reel 
round  which  the  linen  yam  was  wound  as  it  was  spun.  It  was, 
in  form,  somewhat  like  a  dumb-bell  of  slender  proportions.  The 
cylinder  was  hollow,  to  admit  the  spindle,  and  one  of  ite  circular 

K  K  2 


500  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK.      SUPPLEMENT. 

ends  was  flat  and  capable  of  being  remoyed:  when  the  reel  was 
required  to  be  put  on  the  spindle,  this  end  was  taken  off  for  that 
purpose,  and  being  again  screwed  on,  the  whole  affair  was  ready  for 
the  rotatory  operation  of  winding.  The  yam  was  conducted  to  the 
barrel  through  the  upper  part  of  two  '  wings,'  as  they  were  called,— 
pieces  of  wood,  curved  somewhat  like  the  'merry-thought*  of  a 
fowl, — permanently  affixed  near  to  the  extremity  of  the  spindle :  the 
harrelf  when  put  on  at  the  opposite  end,  was  pushed  up  to  these 
*  wings/  which  extended  beyond  its  circumference,  and  thus  regulated 
the  quantity  of  yam  it  was  required  to  hold.  See  Little  Wheel 
{Supplement).    Cf.  Broach,  p.  50. 

BASH,  (1)  V.  a.  to  scare ;  to  frighten, — *fire  yore  gun,  an'  it'll  bash 
them  rooks.' — Wellinqton.  Compare  the  M.E.  a-hascht,  which  has 
the  sense  of  terrified,  in  the  following : — 

'  ^  y^YDig  was  a-bascht 

and  his  Chaumberleyn  so  a-ferd  *  ^at  neih  he  felde  I-swowen.' 

Joseph  of  Arimaihie,  L  202. 

•  A'baschyd^  or  a-ferde.     TerrUuBy  perterritus.' — Prompt  Farv. 
•O.Fr.  esbahir,  to  frighten;  to  startle:  from  O.Fr.  baer,  la  racme 
dont  est  Ponomatop^e  intexjectiye  6a.' — Bub. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  make  ashamed ;  to  put  out  of  countenance. — PuLySB- 
BATCH.  *  Fur  shame  on  yo',' John,  talkin'  so  yulgar,  yo'n  quite  both 
these  young  girls.' 

*  His  countenaunce  was  bold,  and  bashed  not 
For  Guyons  lookes,  but  soomefuU  eyeglaunce  at  him  shot.* 

Spensek,  F.  Q.,  Bk.  n.  c.  iy.  st.  xxxvii. 

BILL,  ab.  a  bank-note.  Qy.  com.  '  I  hanna  got  no  cash  [coins], 
Maester,  nuthin'  but  a  bilU  Sometimes  the  term  Bank-bill  is  used 
for  the  same  thing. 

BLACK-HEADED-HOB,  sh,  the  Bullfinch.— Ellbsxerb.  See  Hope, 
p.  303. 

BLACK  8ALLT,  (1)  ab,  Salix  caprea,  great  Sallow,  or  Goat 
Willow. — Wellington.  Called  Black  Sally  from  the  yery  dark 
tint  of  its  green  foliage. 

(2)  Salix  pentdndra,  sweet  Bay-leaved  Willow. — Wellington. 
The  term  Bfack  Sally  seems  to  be  somewhat  loosely  applied  to  several 
species  of  Willows,  growing  high,  and  having  foliage  of  more  than 
ordinary  depth  of  colour.    See  &lly,  p.  360,  and  Withy,  p.  487. 

BLEKT,  pret  blended, — *  'Er  blent  it  oop.' — Newport.  See  example 
sub  voce  Noration,  p.  304. 

'  Then  Sir  Tristeram  tooke  powder  forth  of  that  box, 
&  blent  it  with  warme  sweete  milke.' 

King  Arthur  and  the  King  of  Cornwall^  1.  276.     Percy 
Folio  MS.,  vol.  i  p.  73,  ed.  Hales  and  FumivalL 

A.S.  hlendan,  to  mix,  blend. 

BLETCH  [blech*],  (1)  ab.  the  black,  sticky  substance,  into  which  the 
gi'oase  applied  to  the  axles  of  cart-wheels,  to  machinery,  &c.  is  con- 
verted by  trituration.    Com. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   501 

Compare  'Bleche  for  souters,  attrament  fwyr,* — ^Palsgrave,  in  Way. 
•A.S.  blaec;  O.Du,  hl<ick;  O.H.Germ.  black,  black  (atrameiUumy 
— St&at.    See  Blutch,  below. 

(2)  tr. a.  to  smear  with  'bletch.'  Com.  'I  canna  get  the  marks 
out  o'  yore  ^wn,  Ma'am,  Vye  tried  all  as  ever  I  can ;  but  I  doubt 
yo'n  hutched  it  somehow,  an'  hletch  is  sich  a  thing,  yo*  canna  stir  it' 

BLDTD-VETTLE,  ab,  Lamium  galeobdolouy  Archangel;  Lamium 
album,  white  Dead-nettle ;  and  Lamiumpurpureum,  red  Dead-nettle, 
are  each  and  alike  called  Blind-netUe, — Wellington. 

*  Archangelica,  blinde  netle,'  occurs  in  Archbp.  ^l/ric*$  Vocabulary, 
X.  cent.,  in  Wr.  vocabs.,  vol.  i  p.  31. 

Qerarde  says,  'Archangell  is  called  ....  of  some  Lamium;  in 
English  .  .  blinde  Nettle,  and  dead  Nettle.*  — 5er6(i//,  Bk.  II.  p. 
568,  1st  ed.  A.D.  1597. 

The  Lamiums  known  respectively  as  Blind-nettle  are  so  called  from 
their  leaves,  which  while  they  appear  to  the  eye  like  those  of  the 
stinsing-nettle,  are  not  resentful — but  seemingly  insensible — to  the 
touch  ;  so  to  speak  blind  or  *  dead.* 

See  Dea-nettle,  p.  114,  also  Purple  Dea-nettle,  p.  338. 

BLISS,  sh,  the  boundary  line  of  an  allotment  of  timber-felling :  a 
term  used  by  the  wood-cutters  about  Cleobury  Mortimer.  See  aub 
voce  Hag  (2),  p.  192. 

BLUE-BOCK,  sh.  Columba  oenas,  the  Stock-Dove.  A  Gamekeeper's 
term.    Com. 

BLTJTCH,  same  as  Bletoh,  above — ^a  corrupt  form  of  the  word. — 
CnrmoH  Stretton,  Leebotwood;  Wellington. 

BOOTS,  80.  CaWia  palustris^  common  Marsh  Marigold. — Newport, 
Edgmond,  This  plant  grows  abundantly  on  the  Wealdmoors,  and 
some  Edgmond  cnildren  at  the  present  day  [1872]  call  the  flowers 
BooU^  as  Kichard  Bamefield — an  Edgmond  man — did  in  1594.  He 
says,  in  The  Affectionate  Shepheard — 

'  Fine  pretie  King-cups  and  the  yellow  Bootes 
That  growes  by  Kiuers  and  by  shallow  Brookes.' 

Complete  Poems  of  Richard  Bam[e]field,  p.  15,  ed. 
A.  B.  Grosart  (Roxburgh  Club),  1876. 

Gerarde  says,  Caltha  pcUustris  is  called  '  in  English  Marsh  Mari- 

S)ldes,  in  Cheshire  and  those  parts  it  is  called  'Bootes.' — Herball, 
k.  IL  p.  671,  let  ed.  A.D.  1597. 

*  Bouts,  or  Boots,  the  marsh  marigold,  from  the  Fr.  bouton  cTor,  in 
respect  of  the  yellow  flower  buds. '—-Prior's  Poptdar  Names  of  British 
Plants,  p.  27,  ed.  1870. 

Cf.  Meadow  Bout  {Supplement),  See  May-Flowers,  and  sub  voce, 
p.  274. 

BOTTOM,  sb,,  obs.  a  ball  of  yam  as  it  was  wound  off  the  reel  for 
the  cottage  weaver,  or  for  home  use.  —  Pulverbatch.  Qy.  com. 
*  Come,  yo'  mun  trindle  them  jarwin's  [q.  v.]  pretty  sharp,  else  we 
sha'n  '&ye  owd  Spake,  the  waiver,  'ere  afore  we'n  got  the  bottoms 
ready.'  In  the  Midsummer  Nighi^s  Dream  the  weaver,  who  is  one 
of  the  Dramaiis  Persona,  is  called  Bottom — a  name  borrowed,  doubt- 
less, from  the  bottoms  of  yarn  employed  in  his  handicraft. 


502  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK.     SUPPLEMENT. 

BOTTOM-STALL,  ir6.,  o^.Y  the  foundation  of  a  "ball  of  yarn. — 
PuLYEBBATGH.  A  boUom^staU  —  which  served  also  for  a  child's 
rattle — was  often  made  by  putting  shot  into  a  gooseys  wind-pipe, 
then  drying  it,  and  formine  it  into  a  ring,  by  sUnpin^  the  smaller 
end  within  the  other.  '  I  think  my  yom's  gettin'  low,  I  can  'ear  the 
boUom^iiall  rackle.' 

BOUXJSD  [bou*tid],  part,  poMi^  sprang  suddenly;  bolted.  Com. 
'Did*n'ee  'ear  o'  owd  Clarke*s  accident?'  *No,  whad  wuz  it?' 
*  Wy  that  'orse  as  'e  bought  las'  &r  houUd  o'er  the  'edge,  an'  throwed 
'im/     '  Well,  I  'eard  that  'orse  wuz  al'ays  a  bouterJ 

*  &  Gryme  the  spurres  spared  not ;  soe  weele 
to  the  steeds  sides  he  let  them  feele, 

his  horsse  bouted  forth ' 

Eger  and  Orine,  1.  351.     Percy  Folio  MS,,  toL  i.  p.  374, 
ed.  Hales  and  FumiTsJl. 

See  L  (2)  in  Qrammar  Outlines  {cotuonanUt  &c.). 

BOW  [boa*],  sb.  mode  of  doing  things ;  habits.  —  Shrewsbury  ; 
PxTLYE&BATGH.  '  I'd  rather  take  a  young  girl  as  'ad  never  been  out, 
I  could  sooner  bring  'er  up  to  my  own  bow7  A  term  borrowed  from 
archery,  probably. 

BBAKE,  ab,  a  plot,  or  parcel,  of  furze  or  fem. — Wellinqton.  '  If 
some  o'  that  theer  fyarn  an'  gorst  wuz  cut  i'  bretkes,  we  met'n  '&ye 
some  ohonce  to  get  the  rabbits  out.' 

'  He  builded  *  his  men  in  a  brake  of  f eame 

a  litle  from  that  Nuner^, 
sayes,  **  if  you  heare  my  htle  home  blow, 
then  looke  you  come  to  me." ' 

Bobine  Hood  and  F fryer  Tueke^  1.  11.     Percy  FMo 
MB.y  YoL  i.  p.  27,  ed  Hales  and  FumiYalL 

♦  *fo/r  hilded,  i.  e.  concealed.' — Note  by  Bp.  Pkbcy. — Ibid, 

'  Brakebushe,  or  fernebrake,    Ftlicetum,  JUicarium,^ — Prompt,  Parv. 

*  Filicetum.    A  feamie  ground.' — Did,  Etym,  Lai, 
See  Brake  (2),  in  Hal. 

BBASE  pbr'ai'z],  (1)  sb,  blacksmith's  fiiel:  there  are  two  kinds, 
charcoai-&ra«e  and  coal-&ra«e,  of  which,  the  former  is  the  better  and 
the  more  ezpensiYe ;  but  both  alike  consist  of  small  nuggets,  quite 
free  from  dust,  and  producing  a  glowing  heat. — Bbidonobth.  Braae 
is  employed  in  making  the  best  quality  of  edge-tools,  woodcutters' 
implements  and  the  like.  '  I'n  got  two  or  three  brummocks  to  mak*, 
Sir,  as  well  as  youm,  but  I  conna  mak'  'em  wi'out  bnue,  an'  they 
hanna  sen'  me  none  yit' 

*O.Du.  broie;  O.Swed.  brcua,  glowing  coals.* — Stbat. 

See  Breae,  below. 

(2)  V.  a,  to  cut  or  slash  the  bark  of  trees, — a  woodcutter's  term 
used  about  Cleobury  Mortimer.  See  »ub  voce  Hag  (2),  p.  192.  See 
Braae,  in  Hal. 


BBESE  [br'ee-z],  ab.  small  coal  sifted  from  the  dust, — ^riddled  slack, 
used  by  blacksmiths  for  general  purposes. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulyeb- 
BATCH.    Qy.com.    Of.  Braae  (1),  aboYO.* 


GLOSSART  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   503 

BBOCK,  sb.f  obs,  Meles  taxus^  the  Badger.  The  term  Irrock  is 
believed  to  be  obsolete  at  the  present  date  (1881),  as  applied  to  a 
badger.  In  1868,  or  tiiereabout,  a  gamekeeper  on  the  Buildwas  Park 
estate  was  heard  using  it ;  he  said  of  certain  men  that,  he  thought 
*  they  wun  after  a  hrwk^^  but  '  they  wun  poachers  after  all'  There 
is  a  wooded  mound  between  the  Wrekin  and  Buildwas  called 
the  Brockholes  Bank,  from  its  having  been  the  haunt  of  badgers  in 
former  times.  Brock,  as  a  part  of  some  place-names,  such  as  Lee 
Brockhurstf  Preston  Brockhunt,  points  to  the  same  origin;  and  it 
may  safely  be  assumed  that  the  Dadger  was  at  one  time  familiarly 
known  in  Salop  luider  the  appellation  brock.  Langland  speaks  of 
it  by  this  name : — 

'  And  go  hunte  hardiHche  *  to  hares  and  to  foxes, 
To  bores  and  to  broekes  *  )>at  breketh  adown  myne  hegges.' 

Fiera  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  vi.  1.  31. 

The  Wycliffite  Version  renders  Hebrews  xL  37:  'Thei  wenten 
aboute  in  broc  skynnes,  and  in  skynnes  of  geet,  nedi,  angwischid, 
turmentid.' 

Caesar,  one  of  Bums'  '  Twa  Doga^*  says — 

' .     .     .    our  gentry  care  as  little 
For  delvers,  mtchers,  an'  sic  cattle, 
Thev  ganff  as  saucv  by  poor  folk 
As  I  wad  by  a  stinxing  brock.* — Poems,  p.  3,  1.  10. 

*  Brok,  best,  K.    Brocke,  P.     Taxtu,  castor.* — Prompt.  Parv. 
'A. 8.  broc;  Dan.  brok,  brock,  badger.' — Strat. 

BSOwjdI  LldunjsT,  8b.  Fringilla  canndbina,  the  common  Linnet. — 
Bbidokobth  ;  Wellikoton.    Qy.  com.    See  Oorse-bird,  &c.,  p.  180. 

BXJLLIV  [buolin],  sb.,  obs.  a  receptacle  for  'bottoms'  of  yam. — 
PuLYEKBATGH.  BtUlins — included  amongst  the  *  home-made'  things 
pertaining  to  good  housewifery — were  constructed  of  straw,  fashioned 
like  a  bee-hive;  they  were  circular  in  form,  and  flat-bottomed. 
'W'eer  mun  I  pfit  these  bottoms  o'  yom,  Missis  P — bdoath  btdlins 
bin  ftilL'  'To'n  fine  a  wisket  under  the  stars  as  551  do.'  See 
Bottom  {Supplement). 

BTTLLBXT8H,  ab.  Typha  lati/dlia,  great  Beed-mace. — ^Wellington. 
Qy.  com.     The  true  Bullrush  belongs  to  another  order, — Cyperaceoe. 

BTTLLS'-PATES,  ab.  pi.  large  rooUufts  of  Aira  ece8pit68a.—WEh- 
LIKQTON,  Eaton  ConHantine.    See  Sniggle-bogs,  p.  395. 

BY,  prep.f  pec.  about ;  regarding ;  with  respect  to. — Worthbn. 
(1)  '  Whad  did  they  say  ^  'erP'  '  Oh !  they  saiden  as  'er  wuz  a 
nice  young  55man,  they  wun  all  mighty  fond  on  'er.'  (2)  *  The  rots 
bin  anivin  ,  I  dunna  know  whadevePs  to  be  done  by  'em.' 

*  «<  hennitt,"  hee  sayd,  "  ffor  St.  Charytye, 
was  this  letter  made  by*  mee  ?  " ' 

Sir  Degree,  1.  242.    Percy  Folio  MS.,  vol  iii.  p.  27, 
ed.  Hales  and-Fumivall. 

*  *  about,  concerning.'— Note  by  Mb.  Fubnivall.— iWd.  See  By, 
p.  60. 


504  SHHOPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK.     SUPPLEMENT. 

CADEB,  CABBB-KAH  [kadee],  9b,,  olmols,  a  man  who  is  not 
re^arly  employed,  but  does  odd  jobe,  goes  on  errands,  caniee 
messagesy  or  such  like.— Shrewsbuby. 

Jamieson  giree  *  Cadie^  ^*  (1)  One  who  gains  a  lirelihood  by  running 
of  errands,  or  delivering  messages ;  a  member  of  a  Society  in  Edin- 
burgh, instituted  for  this  |)urpoee.  (2)  A  boy ;  especially  as  employed 
in  running  of  errands,  or  in  any  inferior  sort  of  work.* 

CACKB1TTCHEB,  sh.  a  man  who  buys  animals  that  have  died  a 
natural  death ;  and  also  unsound  anixnals,  to  slaughter,  with  the  view 
of  selling  their  flesh  as  *  butcher's-meat/ — WELLiNOTOir.    See  belov. 

CAO-MAOy  8h.  unwholesome,  or  inferior  meat  —  Wellington  ; 
Whitchurch.  *  I  conna  ate  sich  cag^mag  as  that,  it  met  do  fur  a 
dog,  but  it  inna  fit  fur  a  Christian.' 

*  Cagmag,  bad  food,  or  other  coarse  things.  The  word,  in  the  lan- 
guage of  Scotland,  signifies  an  old  goose.  See  Mr.  Pennants  Tov, 
Appendix,  p.  9.' — Peooe. 

Mr.  Peacock  gives  *  Cag-maga,  in  two  seyeral  senses,  (1)  old  gee«, 
(2)  unwholesome  meat,'  as  a  Lincolnshire  word.     See  £.  D.  S.,  C.  tl 

CABD8  [ki'aar'dz  atid  kaar'dx],  sb,  pi.,  obs.  implements  of  house- 
wifery used  for  combing  wool,  and  *  herdes '  or  *  nogs,*  to  prepare  them 
for  the  spinning-wheel.  Com.  The  card*  were  two  flat  boards,  each 
of  which  was  about  eleven  inches  long  by  seven  broad ;  they  were 
covered  with  leather,  full  of  teeth— bent,  flexible  wires  set  doselr 
together.  Each  card  had  a  handle  in  the  centre  of  the  lon^  side. 
Wnen  the  cards  were  in  use  the  handles  were  at  opjyosite  pomts  to 
each  other.  She  modtu  operandi  of  the  cards  was  this, — ^tne  carder 
laying  them  on  her  knee,  with  the  wool  or  '  herdes '  between  them, 
held  the  lower  one  firmly  by  the  handle  with  her  left  hand ;  th^ 
taking  the  handle  of  the  upper  one  in  her  ri^ht  hand,  she  worked 
the  card  towards  her,  repeating  the  process  until  the  material  under- 
going it  required  turning  or  removing,  when  she  reversed  the  move- 
ment, and  drove  it  off  the  cards  in  thick  rolls.  The  teeth,  or  wires 
of  the  cards  for  '  herdes,*  or  nogs,  were  fiirther  apart  than  those  in 
the  wool-carefa.*  •  The  Missis  at  Walleyboume  wants  me  to  card  two 
or  three  pound  o*  '661  fiir  'er,  but  my  'onds  bin  that  sore  66th  cardm* 
nogs,  Pm  sick  o*  the  sight  of  a  par  o*  cards.* 
Handle  Holme  describes  '  The  Parts  of  a  Card  *  thus — 
•  The  Card-Board. 
The  Handle. 

The  Leaf,  is  the  Leather  in  which  the  Teeth  or  Wyer  is  set 
The  List,  is  that  as  is  nailed  about  to  hold  on  the  Leal 
The  Teeth,  are  the  crooked  Wyers. 

The  Tacks,  are  the  small  Nails  which  Nails  the  List  about  the 
Leirf  to  hold  it  on  the  Board.' — Academy  of  Armory^  Bk. 
III.  ch.  vi  p.  285. 
Ash  has  '  Card  ....  The  instrument  with  which  wool  is  broken 
and  made  fit  for  spinning.' 

The  Promptorium  Parvuhrum  gives  '  Carde^  wommanys  instrument. 
CarduSf  dtscerpiculum.* 

*  Lat.  carduus  [a  thistle] ;  a  card,  a  teasel' — Strat. 

'  Ital.  Cardo,  a  thistle ;  a  carder's  comb.' — Meadows. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC.   505 

CABVE  [kaaiV],  v.  n.  to  thicken, — ^a  term  applied  to  milk  in  a 
state  of  preparation  for  the  chum. — Ellesmere,  and  Cheshire  Border. 
*Are  you  going  to  chum  to-day?'  *No,  Ma'am,  the  milk  i*  this 
stane  mna  ready,  it's  too  thin — it  hanna  carved  a  bit ' 

Ray  gives,  amongst  *  North  Country  Words,*  *  To  carve^  or  kerve.  To 
grow  sour,  spoken  of  Cream.  Cheshire,  To  kerve^  or  kerme,  i.  e.  to 
curdle  as  sour  Milk  doth.' 

Wilbraham  has  *  Carve  *  in  the  same  sense,  in  his  Cheshire  Glossary ^ 
ed.  1820. 

CAT-TBEE,  ah.  Comus  sanguinea,  wild  Cornel  or  Dogwood. — 
Wellington.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of  the  old  form  Oaten  or  Oater- 
tree. 

G-erarde  says  of  'the  wilde  Cornell  tree'  that  it  is  called  *in 
English  Houndes  tree,  .  .  Dogges  berrie  tree;  ...  in  the  North 
countrey  they  call  it  Oaten  tree,  or  Oater  tree ;  the  berries  whereof 
soeme  to  be  those  which  Chancre  calleth  Oater  berries.' — Herhall,  Bk. 
in.  p.  1283,  1st  ed.  A.D.  1597. 

Gherarde's  reference  to  Chaucer  is  found  in  the  Nonne  Prestes  Tale, 
where  Pertelote  says  to  Chauntecleer,  who  appears  to  her  to  need  a 
coiirse  of  alteratiyes — 

'  I  schal  myself  to  herbes  techen  yow. 
That  schiu  ben  for  youre  hele,' — 

and  accordingly  prescribes  yarious  *  simples,'  amongst  them,  ^gaytres 
beryis,'  telling  him  to 

'  Pekke  hem  up  right  as  thay  growe,  and  ete  hem  in.' 

— ^1.  145,  ed.  Morris. 

CATTT-TBEE,  sh,  Eudnymtis  EuropchiSy  common  Spindle  tree. — 
Pulvekbatch.  *Theer's  a  piece  o'  Catty -tree  o'  the  fire,  it  stinks 
enough  to  pison  a  body,  jest  like  as  if  a  Tum-cat  'ad  bin  about.*  The 
origin  of  tne  local  name,  Catty -tree,  is  sufficiently  obvious  from  this ! 
It  is  '  of  a  lothsome  smell,'  as  old  Qerarde  says. 

CHOP,  (1)  y.  a.  to  set  anything  down  hastily;  to  pop  down. — Pulvbr- 
BATCH ;  Wellington.  Qy.  com.  '  Jest  chop  that  basket  down,  an' 
run  an'  fatch  me  a  pall  o'  waiter  to  wesh  the  butter.'  Cf.  Clap  (1), 
p.  81. 

(2)  V.  a.  to  put  in  with  a  quick,  sudden  motion ;  to  pop  in. — Ibid. 
*  I  chopt  a  ferret  i'  the  stack,  an'  the  rots  come  towtherin'  out.' 

Mr.  HalHwell  gives  Chop  in  a  similar  sense  as  '  North,*  and  illus> 
trates  it  thus : — *  "  Cliopt  up  in  prison,"  put  in  prison,  True  Tragedie 
of  Richard  III.,  p.  31.' 

CHUVHEB  [chun'ur*],  v.  n.  to  mutter;  to  grumble, — 'The  owd 
woman  went  away  chunnerin'J — ^Whitchxtbch,  Cheshire  Border,  C£, 
Ohunder,  p.  79. 

CLIEB  AS  SACK,  phr.  extremely  clear. — Pulverbatgh;  Wel- 
LINQTON.  Qy.  com.  'It's  capital  fresh-drink.  Missis,  as  clier  as 
Sack,  an'  sharp  enough  to  cut  one's  throat.' 

COAL-HEABTH,  sb.  a  place  where  charcoal  has  been  made. — ^Wel- 
lington. 


506  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK.     SUPPLEMENT. 

COKEt  V.  n.,  pee,  to  make  charcoal — ^Pultbrbatoh  ;  Wellinotok. 
*  I  see  they^n  ruz  a  smoke  i'  the  ooppy,  I  suppose  they'll  begun  to 

COLD-FniE,  sb.  fuel  laid  for  a  fire,  bat  unlighted.  Qy.  com.  '  Lay 
a  cold-fire  V  the  parlour,  as  we  can  ptit  a  match  to  in  a  minute,  if 
anybody  drops  in.' 

COKE-BT-CHAVCB,  sK  an  Ulegitimate  child.— Newport.  '  No  y 
*t  inna  'is  roit  n^m,  Tumkisson  inna — yo'  see  Vs  a  poor  cdom^- 
chance  as  Tumkissons  tooken  tu,  an'  so  'e  moostly  goos  by  thor 
ntem,  bdot  Is  Mdother's  n^m  were  Baarbur.*  C£  Chance-child, 
p.  70. 

COW-SHAWK,  sb.  cow-dung. — ^Whitchubgh.  This  term  obtained 
in  1826,  and  may  still  exist    See  Cow-aham,  p.  101. 

C&AXEE  [kr'aikur*],  sb.  the  Landrail —^Wellinoton.  CaUed 
Craher  from  its  rough,  grating  call.    G£,  Oomcrake,  p.  98,  and 

see  iub  voce. 

CSUSBLDfO,  part.  adj.  curdling.  —  Worthen.  Qy.  com  A 
peculiar  use  of  this  word  was  heard.  May  13th,  1881,  at  Maiton 
Pool, — a  man  there  spoke  of  the  Pool  as  '  eruddlin'  in  August,'  thus 
expresaiyely  describing  the  '  breaking '  of  the  water ;  a  phenomenon, 
of  which  a  scientific  explanation  will  be  given  in  a  note  at  the  end 
of  this  work. 

Spenser  says  of  winter  that  it  '  cruddUe  the  blood.* — Sh^hearit 
CcUendeTf  Februarie,  1.  46. 
See  Oruddled  and  tub  voce,  pp.  107,  108. 


D ADDLE,  (1)  9.  n.  to  trifle ;  to  loiter ;  to  dawdle.  Qy.  com.  '  Fd 
sooner  pQt  my  girld  to  a  good  Missis,  w'eer  'er'd  lam  summat  better 
than  doddle  about  55th  a  child.' 

(2)  th.  the  hand  or  fist— Oollieet.  'Tip  us  yer  daddU*  ia  an 
invitation  to  shake  hands. 

DAVT  WHITBHEADS  [yeds],  sb.  the  white  eottony  hain  of 
Eridphorum  vagindtum^  Hare-tail  Cotton-grass,  and  of  Eridphonm 
anguiti/dlium,  common  Cotton-^rass ;  botti  species  abound  on  wkkedl 
Moss. — ^Whitohxtroh.    See  Sniggle  (2),  p.  395. 

DEAD  MEir*S  FIVOEBS,  sb.  Orchis  maseula,  early  purple  Orchis. 
MlTOH  Wjssjjock,  BuUdwas,  Cressage. 

' and  long  porples 

That  liberal  shej^herds  eive  a  groawr  name, 

But  our  cold  muds  do  dead  metCs  fingers  oaH  them.' 

HamUt,  IV.  viL  172. 

Called  Dead  men!s  fingers,  aooordinff  to  Prior,  '  from  the  pale  oolov 
and  hand-like  shape  of  the  palmate  tuoers.' — Popular  Names  o/Britiih 
Plants,  p.  64,  ed.  1870. 

See  Bloody  Butchers,  p.  40. 

DI   [dei*],  sb.  familiar  form  of  the  name  David. — Shrewsbubt; 

PULVBRBATCH. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.   507 

DULY,  v.n,  to  uige ;  to  drive. — Church  Strbtton,  Leebotwood. 
*  Yo*  mun  dilly  at  'im,  or  'e'U  never*  do  it' 

BIZEVEK  [dei'znurn,  ab.  a  heavy  blow. — Shrewsbury,  Montford 
Bridge,  Samuel  Slater,  describing  a  figbt  in  which  he  had  taken  part, 
said,  '  An*  as  'e  [his  antagonist]  come  up,  I  ketcht  'im  sich  a  dizener ' 
(1855).     Of.  Dizenin',  p.  120. 

DOMEITT  [doo'munt],  (1)  8b.  a  convivial  entertainment,  public  or 
private, — a  term  used  less  commonly  than  '  Do,*  which  always  means 
a  public  affair. — ^Newport.  An  old  woman  at  Edgmond  said— in 
explanation  of  having  a  friend  to  tea — '  It's  moi  b5orthd'y  to-dee,  so 
wen  '&vin  a  bit  on  a  doomenV  (1874).    See  Do,  p.  120. 

(2)  th.  a  commotion;  a  fuss. — ^Newport.  'Theer  were  a  foine 
doomeni  w'en  the  Missis  lost  'er  kays — fit  to  t5om  the  'ouse  insoid 
out,  pretty  noigh.' 


FAISATION,  sb,  fair  dealing,  as  in  work,  play,  &c. — Oswestry. 
*  LeVs  have  fairaiion '  is  commonly  said  when  trickery  is  suspected. 
A  writer  in  Byegones  says,  with  reference  to  the  term  fairaiion^ 
'  More  than  thirty  jears  ago,  I  remember  an  old  man  who  used  the 
word  oddly,  as  for  mstance,  '*  Lef s  have  fairaiion  doo9,^  when  those 
with  whom  he  came  in  contact  were  not  inclined  to  deal  above- 
board.'— p.  141,  1880. 

FEBH-OWL,  sb.  Caprimulgti8  Europama,  European  Goat-sucker. — 
Bridgnorth  ;  WsLLiNaTON,  Wrekin.  Called  Fern-Owl,  because  the 
bird  frequently  lays  its  eggs  within  the  shelter  of  a  bunch  of  fem- 
fironds :  it  makes  no  nest.  See  Ohum-owl,  p.  79,  also  Lich-fowl, 
p.  254. 

FOBBED,  part,  pcut,  tricked ;  imposed  upon,  —  put  ofif.  —  Wel- 
lington. 

*Boderigo,  Very  well !  go  to !  I  cannot  go  te,  man;  nor  'tis  not 
very  well :  nay,  I  think  it  is  scurvy,  and  begin  to  find  myself  fobbed 
in  iV— Othello,  IV.  ii.  197. 

FBEVCH  WHEAT,  sb,,  obsoU,  1  Polygonum  Fagopprum,  Buck-wheat. 
— Shrewsbury;  Ellesmerb.  Qy.  com.  Buck-wheat  is  now  sown 
principally  for  food  for  Pheasante.     See  below. 

FBEVCH  WHEAT-CAKES,  obaA  cakes  made  of  meal  obtained 
from  Buck-wheat. — Shrewsbxtrt  ;  Et.lkbmkrk  French  Wheat-Cakee 
were— certainly,  as  made  in  JSHasmere—excelleni  tea-cakes,  after  the 
manner  of  crumpete,  but  less  spongj;  they  were  brown  and  very 
thin,  and  considerable  skill  was  re<|uired  in  toasting  them  aright,  it 
was  said  they  should  be  turned  nme  times  during  the  process,  in 
order  to  attain  the  perfection  of  cris|>ne68.  The  art  of  makmg  French 
WheaUCakea  ceased  in  Ellesmere  with  the  death  of  an  '  expert,'  one 
Betty  Morgan — somewhere  about  1846. 

OIOGUHO  [gigiinl,  adj.  unsteady;  tottering.  —  Pulverbatoh; 
WoRTHEN.  '  Yo'd4i  better  nod  get  up  o'  that  giglin*  stool,  athout  yo' 
wanten  yore  bwunz  broke.'    Cf.  Kiggling,  p.  233. 


508  SUR0P8UIBK  WORD-BOOK.      SUPPLEMENT. 

OILL  [jil*],  «b.  a  female  feiret,  or  rat — Atcham  ;  Welunoton.  Qy. 
oom.     See  Hob,  below. 

ODI-SnfO,  8b.,  ohsoUA  the  track  made  by  the  horses  attached  to  in 
old-fashioued  thrashing-machine,  in  going  round  and  round, — ^usnally 
under  a  covering  of  thatch,  supported  on  upright  poles. — ^Wortuex. 
Qy.  com.    Cf.  Oin-rin^,  p.  175. 

OLAITIMO,  part,  mending  gaps  in  hedges. — ^Wellington.  See 
01at(l),p.  176. 

GOOSE  AH'  00SLIH08,  OOOSB  AF  OTJLLIES,  sh.  pL  the  yeUow 

blosHoma  of  Salix  cuprSa, — Newpobt.    See  Qis  an'  OPuUiea,  p.  175, 
and  sub  voce, 

OOOSET-OOSIIVOS,  same  as  above.— Church  Strettok. 

LlAJNJST,  gb.  Fringilla  chloris,  the  Green  Finch. — ^Bridg- 


north ;  Wellinoton.    CI  lannet,  on  following  page. 

OWERIAH,  sb,  a  silly  person. — Oswestry,  Welsh  Border.  A  cor- 
ruption of  the  Welsh  word  '  gwirion,  i.  a  innocent.  In  the  Authoiized 
English  Vertsion,  the  well-known  passage  '  innocent  blood '  is  rendered 
in  flie  Welsh  by  *  Owaed  gwirion? 

HEXK-WOKD,  «5.  a  proverbial  word  ;  a  by- word. — Much  Wbnlock  ; 
Wellington.    Cf.  Kay-word,  p.  298. 

HOB,  sb.  a  male  ferret,  or  rat. — Atcham  ;  Wellington.  Qy.  com. 
See  Qill,  above. 

HOMIHT,  sk,  var.  pr,  a  homily. — Pulverbatch  *  Theer's  no  end 
to  that  fellow's  story,  Vs  jest  like  somebody  readin*  a  ^ominy'  See 
L  (5)  in  Orammar  Outlinea  {cmm>nanU^  &c.). 

HOLLOPE  [uloa'p],  interj,  a  loud  call,  used  to  arouse  attention,  as 
for  instance,  if  a  horseman  rode  up  to  a  house  at  night-fall,  he  would 
cry  *  *  Ullope  !  '—Bridgnorth. 

IBOH  0BAS8,  sb,  Aira  ccsspitdsa,  Turfy  Hair-grass. — ^Welunoton, 
Weald-moora,    See  Snizzle-graaa,  p.  395. 

JIQQUSQ,  same  as  Giggling,  q.  v.,  preceding  page. — ^Worthen. 

JOHHinr  0'  HEELE,  sb.  Chenopodium  album,  white  Goosefoot 
Called  also  John  o'  iVee/c.  ^Wellington,  Weald-moors.  For  Nede, 
see  Prior's  Popular  Names  of  British  Plants,  p.  164,  ed.  1870. 
See  Lamb-tongue,  on  following  page. 


:4:'i'A', 


,  V,  n,  and  v.  cu,  obsoU.  to  refrain  from,  or  to  restrain,  tears,— 
*  'E  could  'ardly  keep.* — ^Newport.  Shakespeare  employs  keep  in  the 
sense  of  restrain,  when  he  makes  Launoe,  speaking  of  his  dog,  say— 

* and  I  came  no  sooner  into  the  dining-chamber,  but  he 

steps  me  to  her  trencher  and  steals  her  capon's  leg:  O,  'tis  a  fool 
thing  when  a  cur  cannot  keep  himself  in  all  companies ! ' — Two  Otntle- 
men  of  Verona,  IV.  iv.  11. 


GLOSSARY   OF  ARCHAIC   AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.  509 

KETCHED  [ketch't],  part,  adj,  slightly  burnt  and  stuck  to  the  pan 
ID  boiling :  said  of  milk,  &c., — *  The  milk's  a  bit  ketcht  this  momiu'.' 
— Shrewsbuky;  Newport.    Of.  (Jrowed  (1),  p.  188. 

KHOW  [noa-],  «6.  an  apparition ;  a  phantom. — ^  O  Miss  Ann,  theer's 
the  know  of  a  dog,  Oh!  oh!  *— PuLVEBBATCH,  Dorrington.  See  Bk. 
n.,  Folklore,  &c.,  *  Ghosts.' 


LAKE-WEED,  sb.  Polygonum  amphilnum,  amphibious  Persicaria. — 
Weujnoton. 

LAMB-TOHOXTE,  sb,  CJienopodium  albums  white  Groosefoot. — Wel- 
LIXOTON,  Eaton  Constantine.    See  Jobnny-o'-Neele. 

LAHD-BBIARS,  sb,  pL  the  long,  tangled  shoots  of  Rubua  frutiedsus, 
the  common  Bramble,  or  Blackberry.  The  term  is  chiefly  applied  to 
such  *  briars  *  as  grow  under  trees. — ^Welunoton,  Wrekin, 

LINE  [lei'n],  «ft.,  var.pr.  a  loin,  as  of  meat. — Shrewsbury  ;  Pulvbr- 
BATCH ;  Newport.  Qy.  com.  *  Plase  'm,  the  butcher  says  'e  canna 
cut  a  lint  o*  lamb — nuthin'  less  than  a  qtiarter.' 

*  Kite.  ...  in  short  you'll  be  standing  in  your  Stall  an  Hour  and 
half  hence,  and  a  Gentleman  will  come  by  with  a  Snuff-box  in  his 
Hand,  and  the  tip  of  his  Handkerchief  hanging  out  of  his  right 
Pocket ;  he'll  ask  you  the  Price  of  a  Line  of  Veal,  and  at  the  same 
time  stroak  your  great  Dog  upon  the  Head,  and  call  him  Chopper. 

*  But.  Mercy  upon  us !  Chopper  is  the  Dog's  name.' — ^Farquhar's 
Recruiting  Officer,  Act  III.  Scene — A  Chamber  [Shrewsbury]. 

LlUflET,  sb.  Fringllla  cardu^lis,  the  Goldfinch. — Colliery.  Cf. 
Green-linnet. 

LITTLE  WHEEL,  sh.,  obs.  the  wheel  used  for  spinning  hemp  and 
flax.  —  PiTLVERBATCH.  Qy.  com.  Its  principal  parte  were, — ^The 
Stocks  or  Stand  (usually  supported  by  three  legs).  The  Wheel.  The 
Wheel- String,  connecting  the  Wheel  with  the  Spindle.  The  Spindle 
and  Wings.  The  Head  Standards,  or  two  pillars,  holding  the  Spindle 
between  them.  The  Barrel.  The  DistaflP.  The  Treadle.  The  spinner 
sat  to  thisVheel,  which  she  worked  by  means  of  the  treadle. 

Handle  Holme  says,  *  There  are  several  sorts  of  these  kinds  of 
Spinning  Wheelea ;  some  for  standing  or  going,  a  second  sort  for 
sitting,  ....  is  the  sitting  Wheel,  generally  called  the  Spinning 
Wheel,  .  .  .  being  withal  its  appurtenances  not  above  a  yard  high.' 
He  describes  several  varieties  of  *  Sitting  WheeW — Academy  of  Armory, 
Bk.  III.  ch.  vl  p.  286. 

See  suh  voce  Love-spinning,  p.  263.  See  Didstaff,  p.  118.  See 
also  Barrel  {Supplement),    CL  Long-wheel,  ibid. 

LOHO-BAXTOHT,  adj,  a  term  which  implies  such  length  of  arm,  or 
commanding  height,  as  would  enable  a  person  to  reach  unusually 
far:  it  is  applied  chiefly  to  men  who  'can  use  their  fists.' — Wem. 
*  So  yo'n  got  well  licked !  an'  sarve  yo'  reet.  Whad  a  fule  yo'  mun 
be  to  g6o  wros'lin'  an'  fightin'  wuth  a  good-scieuced,  lung-raught 
chap  like  Turn  Jones !  W'y  yo'  mun  know  as  yo'  wun  no  match  fiir 
'im.'    See  Baught,  pp.  345,  346. 


510  SHROPSHIRK  WORD-BOOK.      SUPPLEMENT. 

LOHO-WHEEL,  sb.^  ohs,  the  wheel  used  for  spinniiig  vooL  Qr. 
com.  The  prmcdpflkL  parts  of  the  hmg-whed,  or  '  big  wheel,'  as  it  ms 
sometimee  called,  were, — ^The  Stock  or  Stand  (usualljr  sappoited  by 
three  legs).  The  Wheel.  The  Wheel-string,  oonnecong  the  Wheel 
with  the  Spindle.  The  Spindle.  The  Wheel-nin.  The  wheel  vss 
turned  by  tne  right  hand  of  the  spinner,  witii  uie  whed^n.  In  liar 
left  hand  she  held  a  roll  of  wool  as  it  came  from  the  corcb  \<\,  t.I,  and 
with  finger  and  thumb  she  paid  it  out  to  the  spindle,  as  with  Mck- 
ward  step  she  walked  to  uie  wheel  end,  thus  spinning  her  yam: 
with  slow,  measured  pace  she  then  went  forward  to  the  spindlB,  ud 
sOy  with  tiie  simultaneous  motion  of  the  wheel,  woimd  the  yam  on 
the  '  hrwick '  at  its  extremity.  All  the  operations  of  the  iMg-vM 
were  conducted  by  the  hand  of  the  spinner  as  she  walked  to  and  fro. 
Bandle  Holme  says  that  'the  large  Spinning-WheeU  is  called  & 
long  WheeUy  or  a  going  WheeUy  or  a  nboUen  WheeU^  because  WoU  is 
^ncipally,  nay  only  spun  at  it,  and  at  none  of  the  other  sorts  of 
Wheeb.* — Academy  of  Armory y  Bk.  ILL  ch.  vi.  p.  286.  See  tmb  wi 
LoTe-spixming,  p.  263.  See  Wil-pin,  p.  482 ;  also  Broach,  p.  fid 
C£  Little-wheel,  on  preceding  page. 


KAOPIE  WIDOEOV,  «5.  Mergus  Castor,  the  Goo8ander.--/Se(«ni 
Valley  term.    See  Widgeon,  p.  481. 

■ABCH-MOHTH,  MAT-MOHTH,  shs.  March  and  May  seem  to  be 
the  only  month-names  which  obtain  in  the  composite  form  here  giT«n; 
but  March  is,  of  the  two,  lees  generally  specified  thus. — PULVli- 
BATCH ;  WoRTHEN.  *  The  com  looks  well  now,  but  'ow  itTl  stand 
the  March-monik  we  canna  tell.'  See  The  '  used  bi^re  the  nanM 
of  months,'  in  Grammar  Outlines,  p.  xlix. 

MABIOOLIM/HEESE^  sh.^  obs.  a  cheese  made  of  skim-milk,  having 
the  petals  of  Marigold-flowers  strewn  amongst  the  uncoloured  cord, 
to  vduoh  they  were  believed  to  impart  a  quality  of  mellowness.  A 
Marigold-cheese  was  about  the  thicuiess  of  an  ordinary  cream-cheese: 
it  was  eaten  as  soon  as  it  became  ripe. — ^Pulye&batch.  See  BTuTitn- 
OU8,  for  example,  p.  305.    See  Sage-oheeae,  and  eub  voce,  p.  359. 

ItATTEELESS,  adj.yOhsolsA  unconcerned;  uninterested;  indiffer- 
ent— PuLVBRBATCH ;  OswESTRY.    Qy.  com.     *  Oh  ave !  if  yo*n  do 
things  fur  'er,  'er'U  tak'  on  as  mcUterlese  as  if  it  didna  belung  to  'er.' 
A  contributor  to  Byegonee,  p.  324, 1879,  calls  attention  to  this  word, 
saying  that '  it  is  rarely  used  now-a-days.'    He  gives  the  example* 

*  Since  her's  lost  her  son,  her's  gone  qmte  maUerleseJ    He  adds  that 

*  Difatter,  literally  the  same,  is  commonly  used  in  Wales.' 

MAT-MOHTH.  See  March-month,  above.  —  Pulvsbsatcb; 
WoBTHEN ;  Newport.  '  I  al'ays  think  yarbs  is  best  gethered  i'  tbe 
May-month,  they  bin  more  juicy  then  than  any  other  time.'  Se» 
example  tub  voce  Tarba,  p.  492. 

MEADOW  BOUT,  sb.  Oaltha  pcdustris,  common  Marsh  Marigold.- 
PuLYEBBATOH.  Fr.  botOoti  d^oT,  See  Boots  (&uppUmefi:t).  See  also 
May-Flowers,  and  wh  voce,  p.  274. 

MILLEB,  sb,  the  caterpillar  of  the  Tiger-Moth. — ^Nkwpobt,  Markfi 


GLOSSARY  OP  ARCHAIC  AND  PROVINCIAL  WORDS,   ETC  511 

DratfU/n.    Cf.  Tommy  Tailor,  p.  447.    See  Bk.  IL,  Folklore,  &c., 

*  Saperstitious  Cures.* 

MI8TAEH,  part,  pad^   mistaken, — 'Yo'  bin  mistaen  theer,   T'm 
sartin/— PuLYERBATGH.    Qy.  com. 

'  Olaud.  I  trow,  goodwife,  if  I  be  not  mutane. 
He  seems  to  be  with  Peggy's  beauty  tane.' 

Allan  Bamsat,  The  Oentle  Shepherd,  HL  ii.  p.  41. 

See  Taen,  p.  428. 

MISTOOK,  pret.  for  part,  past,  mistaken, — *  '£'11  find  'isself  mutook, 
I  doubt.'    Com. 

*  Casntu.  Then,  Brutus,  I  haye  much  mutook  your  paseion.' 

Julius  Coesar,  I.  iL  48. 

Shakespeare  uses  both  forms  of  the  participle,  'mistook'  and 

*  mistaken.'  The  former  is  properly  the  lorm  of  the  imperfect.  In 
Icelandic  tdk  is  the  imperfect,  and  tMnn  the  participle  of  Utka,  Note 
by  WiLLiAV  Aldis  Wbight,  M. A. 

Milton  employs  *  mistook^  as  a  participle: — 

'Too  divine  to  be  muiook,' — Arcades,  Song  1, 1.  4. 
Of.  Forsook,  pp.  158,  159. 

Mix,  sb.  a  shallow  tub,  or  other  like  vessel  used  for  household  pur- 
poses. Qy.  com.  Mit  is  generally  used  in  composition,  as  Butter- 
mitp — Kneading-mtt.    See  for  these  pp.  59,  239. 

MOHK'S  COWL,  sh.  Aconitum  NapSllus,  common  Wolfs-bane  or 
Monk's-hood  [probably  a  garden  plant! — Ludlow. 

So  called  '  m>m  the  resemblance  of  the  upper  sepal  to  the  cowl  of  a 
TwmAr.'— Pkiob's  Popular  Names  of  British  Plants,  p.  156,  ed.  1870. 

Cf.  Ouckoo's  Gaps  [garden  plant],  p.  109. 

KOUVTAIH  FLAX,  sb.  Spergula  arvhtsis.  Com  Spurrey. — ^Wkl- 
UKOTOK.  The  so-called  Mountain  Flax  is  said  '  to  pls'n  the  filds  an' 
mak'  'em  all  of  a  tether '  [a  tangle  of  weeds]. 

MTJLLDr  BSIDLE,  sb.  a  kind  of  bridle  with  blinkers,  used  for 
cart-horses, — 'tak  the  mullin  bridle  an'  bring  up  the  owd  mar'.' — 
Clee  Hills,  Sidbury. 

HAIJOHT  [naut*],  adj.,  obs.  bad ;  ill-flavoured ;  distasteful — Pul- 
vsrbatch;  Worthen.  'Ally  'w'eer'st'ee  got  this  tay  throm?  I 
know  right  well  it  inna  throm  Bratton  an'  Oakley,  fur  it's  downright 
naught.* 

*  It  is  naught,  it  is  naught,  saith  the  buyer :  but  when  he  is  gone 
his  way,  then  he  boasteth.' — Proverbs  xz.  14. 

*  Touchstone,  Truly,  shepherd,  in  respect  of  itself,  it  is  a  good  life ; 
but  in  respect  that  it  is  a  shepherd's  life,  it  is  nauglU.* — As  You  Like 
It,  m.  ii.  15. 

See  2  Kings  ii.  19—22. 

HAVOHTT,  obs.]  same  as  above :  said  of  water, — '  it's  very  naughty 
waiter,  it  inna  fit  to  drink,  else  theer's  plenty  on  it'  [1834]. — 
WoBTHSN,  Brockton.    See,  as  for  above,  2  Kings  li  19—22. 


512  SHROPSHIBB  WORD-BOOK.      SUPPLEMENT. 

HOB,  (1)  sb.  same  as  Blaeklieaded-iiob,  q.  v.  (Sttppfenuw/).— Ellb- 

MERE. 

(2)  9h,  Leuciacus  cephalvA,  the  Chiib. — Severn  VaUey  term. 
VOBBLER,  sh.  a  bricklayer,  who  is  handy  at  odd  jobs,  and  does  not 
work  under  a  regular  master. — Oswestry. 

PLOHGEE,  PLXIHGEE  [plonj-ur',  plunjnirl,  «6.  a  long  shaft  naed 
in  trammel-net  fishing. — BRrDGNOETH.  While  the  net  is  being 
dragged,  a  man  in  the  boat  occupies  himself  continually  with  plung- 
ing me  shaft  into  the  river  in  order  to  scare  the  fish  and  send  them 
into  the  net;  whence  the  name  *  plunger^  given  to  the  shaft,— the 
*  watermen '  call  it  a  'ploiigerJ    See  Trammel-net,  p.  451. 

QUICK,  aXnCK-IEOH,  sb.,  obsoU.  a  smooth,  hollow,  cylindrical 
iron — tapering  at  the  extremity — standing  on  a  curved  foot-stalk  set 
in  a  circular  base ;  and  heated  by  means  of  a  red-hot  heater,  fitting 
into  the  cylinder — an  Italian-iron.  Com.  The  quick — ^in  general  use 
in  former  days  for  *  getting  up'  most  kinds  of  frills — was  indispens- 
able to  the  proper  *  set '  of  the  broad  muslin  borders  of  those  comely 
caps  worn  by  coimtry- women,  young  and  old,  some  fifty  y«"  ago. 
Such  caps  belong  to  the  past,  and  the  quick  is  passing — giving  plsoa 
to  the  gaujffering-irons,  which  are  better  adapted  to  the  modem 
requirements  of  *  little  frills.'  The  term  Quick,  as  applied  to  this  iron, 
is  probably  due  to  the  fact  of  its  being  quickly  heated. 

QTJICKEE,  V.  a.,  obsoU,  to  iron  and  *  set '  frills  on  a  quick.— Sbbsvi- 
BURY.  Qy.  com.  *  Now  then,  get  on,  an'  quicker  the  frills  o'  that 
pillow-coat, — ^if  11  be  wanted  w'en  we  make  the  bed.' 

BENCH  [r'en-sh],  t?.  a.  to  rinse. — ^Ellesmerb.  *  Now,  look  shaip 
an'  pump  some  waiter,  so  as  we  may  reach  them  do'es  out  an'  p&t  'em 
o'  the  'edge — they  wunna  be  dry  afore  night  else.' 

*  Perluo,  perpurgoj  to  rincJie  faire  and  cleane.' — ^Duncan's  Appendu 
Etumologice,  A.D.  1695,  E.  D.  S.,  B.  xiii. 

IceL  hreinsa,  to  rinse,  cleanse. 

SCEEEH,  sb,  a  bench  with  a  high  back  and  an  arm  at  each  end,  an 
old-fashioned  piece  of  kitchen  furniture  for  the  fireside, — still  in  vBe. 
Sometimes  a  box  with  a  falling  lid  constitutes  the  seat  of  the  «cr«n, 
forming  a  useful  receptacle  for  clothes,  &c.  which  require  to  be  kept 
aired.— Shrewsbury;  Newport;  Ellebmere.    Qy.  com.    Tuaeer 

says — 

*  If  ploughman  get  hatchet  or  whip  to  the  skreene^—ming  **'^* 
in  a  sense  equivalent  to  fireside.  See  Flough-Monday,  and  N&te  90, 
ed.  E.  D.  S.,  pp.  180,  307.  .  ^  , .  . 

Mr.  Wilbraham  says,  *  Skreen,  8.  A  wooden  settee  with  a  very  Dip 
back,  sufficient  to  skreen  those  who  sit  on  it  from  the  external  air. 
was  with  our  ancestors  a  constant  piece  of  furniture  by  all  kitchen 
fires,  and  is  still  to  be  seen  in  the  kitchens  of  many  of  our  old  ton- 
houses  in  Cheshire.' — Glossary,  ed.  A.D.  1820. 

See  Settle,  on  following  page. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC  AND   PROVINCIAL  WORDS,  ETC.    513 

SETTLE,  same  as  Screen. — Shrewsbury  ;  Bridgnorth  ;  Newport  ; 
Ellesmere.  This  term  Settle  is  becoming  utuettled.  Screen  is  foimd 
to  be  usurping  its  place,  where  the  thing  itself  exists,  which  was 
aforetime  known  only  as  a  Settle. 

*ffoc  aedile,  A*  lang-sedylle,*  occurs  in  an  English  Vocabulary ,  xv. 
cent.,  in  Wr.  yocabs.,  vol.  i.  p.  197.    Mr.  Wright  glosses  *  lang-sedylle^ 
as  '  The  long  wooden  seat  with  back  and  arms,  iiniich  is  still  called  a 
eettu: 
Cf.  Setless  (1),  and  see  wh  voce,  p.  370. 

SVIOOLE,  sb.  any  kind  of  long,  tangled,  floating  water-weed. — 
Severn  Valley  term.     See  Sniggle,  p.  395. 

SOTTB,  adj\,  pec,  a  term  applied  to  a  log  of  wood,  or  a  lump  of  coal, 
that  shows  tardy  burning  qualities. — Pulyerbatch  ;  Glee  Hills. 
'  Pdt  tuthree  cobbles  roun  tlus  eour  lump,  or  we  sha'n  'aye  a  poor  fire.' 

STABTLET-BITZ,  sb,  the  common  Cockchafer.— Coluery.  See 
Blind-buzzard  (1),  p.  38 ;  also  Huz-buz,  p.  219. 


TETHEB,  sb.  a  tangle, — as  of  weeds. — ^Wellington.  See  sub  voce 
Mountain  Flax  (Supplement).    Cf.  Tatber  (4),  p.  432. 

TETHEBT,  adj,  said  of  water-weeds,  or  such  things  as  from  their 
nature  are  apt  to  become  intertwined  or  entangled, — 'Them  theer 
tethery  weeds.*— Wellington. 

TITTTVATE  [tit'iVaifc],  v,  a,  to  smarten ;  to  make  spruce.     Com. 

*  That  bonnet's  as  good  as  new,  if  yo'n  jest  tittivate  the  trimmin*  a  bit' 

TOM-PUDDINO,  sb,  the  Little  Grebe.— Bridgnorth,  Severn  Valley, 
See  Douker,  p.  123. 

WIDDEBSHIHS,  adv.,  obs.l    To  go  widdcrshins  is  to  go  the  contrary 
way  to  the  sun. — Pulverbatch,  Condover.     *  A*  ganging  withershins 
roun  and  roun,'  says  the  author  of  OlHg  Orange. 
Jamieson  gives  several  forms  of  this  word,  and  amongst  them, 

*  WiddershinSf*  and  *  Withershins^^  with  the  definition, — *  The  contrary 
way,  contrary  to  the  course  of  the  sun.'  He  gives  the  derivation, 
'  A.S.  tinker,  contra,  sunne,  sol ;  or  rather,  Teut.  weder-sins,  contrario 
mode' 

See  Bk.  11.,  Folklore,  &c.,  *  Superstitions  concerning  Birda' 

WIVOS.     See  sitb  voce  Barrel  (Supplement). 

WOOIrCAADS.     See  Cards  (Supplement).     Qy.  com. 

*  He  beareth  Sable,  a  Wool-Card,  Or the  Card  in  its  parts 

is  Blazoned  thus,  the  Card-Board,  Or;  the  Leafe  and  List,  Gules; 
Teeth,  Argent.    Some  call  it  a  Cloath-Card. 

'  These  are  termed  Wool-Cards,  from  their  Carding  of  Wool,  whose 
Teeth  then  are  made  short,  and  set  thick  together  for  strength.' — 
Academy  of  Armory,  Bk.  III.  ch.  vi.  p.  285. 

TATE,  TET,  sb.  a  gate.  This  old  form  still  lingers  on.  in  the  com- 
position of  Place-names,  here  and  there  in  Salop,  but  otherwise  does 

L  L 


514  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK.      SUPPLEMENT. 

not  now  appear  to  exist,  though  prohably  it  was  at  one  time  oommon 
enough  in  the  County,  as  an  independent  word. 

*I  wol  do  him  to  |«  deth  *  and  more  de8|iit  onere ; 
he  schal  hei^e  be  honged  '  ri^t  bi-fore  hire  yite, 
^t  alle  ^  seggee  of  pe  cite  '  schulle  him  bi-hold.* 

WiUiam  of  Paleme,  I.  3757 

*  **  Suffire  we,"  seide  treuth  *  **  I  here  &  se  bothe. 

How  a  spirit  speketh  to  helle  '  A  bit  ynspere  )fe  ^aiia.*^  * 

Pier$  PL,  Text  B.,  pass.  xvui.  1.  259. 

•  ^ate.     Porta,  janua,* — Prompt,  Parv, 

•  A.S.  gwt;  O.Sax.  gai;  O.Fris.  iet;  yat  (gat),  gate.' — Strat. 
See  examples  in  Place-Kames  following. 


515 


A  SHORT  LIST  OF  PLACE-NAMES. 


Thb  subjoined  Ldst  of  Place-Names  is  simply  intended  to  afford 
examples  of  Shropshire  folk-speech  in  the  Shropshire  nomenclature ; 
but  it  is  hoped  that,  though  it  pretends  to  nothing  more  than  this, 
it  will,  as  far  as  it  goes,  be  found  useful  to  some  and  interesting  to 
many.  Eeference  to  the  Introductiaiiy  p.  xy,  will  shew  that  the 
record  of  '  Certain  Place-names  remarkably  pronounced '  entered  into 
the  scheme  of  the  Shropshire  Word-Book. 


iLBBET-FOBEOATE  is  called  Abbey  Ferret  (Shrewsbury).  Forret 
is  a  corrupted  form  of  Fore-yatt^  the  y  having  been  loet  in  the  course 
of  ages. 

*  This  yeare  and  in  the  sayde  moonthe  of  Marohe  1582  the  famus 
howse  in  the  Abbe  foryaie  in  the  towne  of  Shreusberie  sytuate  by  a 
greate  bume  callyd  the  Abbotts  bame  was  boyldid  by  one  master 
Frynce  Lawyar  callid  master  Pryncs  place  the  foondao'on  began  in 
Marche  1578  so  was  it  iiij  yeares  in  buyldinge  to  hys  greate  ohardge, 
w^  fame  to  ^m  and  hys  posterite  for  ey'.' — Early  Chronicles  of 
Bhrewshury  ( Taylor  MS.),  in  TranaacUons  of  the  Shropshire  Archtjeo- 
logical  and  Natural  History  Society, 

Speed,  describinff  '  Shrowesbury '  (early  in  17th  cent),  speaks  of 
'  Monkes  Foreyate/'—ilie  Abbey  Foregate  of  the  present  day. 

See  Tate,  in  Supplement. 

ALBBIOHTOV  is  called  Aiberton  [ai'bur'tn],  a  chapeky  3^  miles 
N.  Shrewsbury.  A  person  asking  for  Alhrighton^  on  the  spot  itself, 
would  be  told  that '  tneer  wuz  no  place  o'  that  name  theerabouts ! ' 
This  has  been  preyed  repeatedly.  The  pronunciation  of  Albrighton 
is  a  yery  Shibboleth, — call  it  Aiberton^  and  its  folk  will  at  once 
recognize  it  (1876). 

ALBSIOHTOH  is  called  Auberton  [aubur'tn],  a  parish  5  miles  S.£. 
Shiffnaju    See  L  (3)  in  Qrammar  Outlines  (consonants,  &c.). 

LL  2 


516  SUROPSUIKK  WORD-BOOK. 

BAOLET-MOOB  is  called  Bagamore  [bag-a'mui'] ;  it  lies  N.  Bas- 
cuuBCK.    See  Moor,  p.  287. 

BOBBATTOV  is  caUed  Bratton  [br'atu] ;  it  ia  about  9  mUes  N.W. 
Shbewbbttbt. 

BVBWABTOB  is  caUed  Bnrraton  [bu'r'atu-],  a  parish  7^  miles 
N.£.  Ludlow.    C£  W  (1)  in  Orammar  Otttlines  {coMonanta,  &c). 


CALYBBHALL  is  called  Cona,  a  parish  S.£.  Whichubch.  See 
Jack  of  Corza  »ub  voce  Jack  (3),  p.  222. 

CABASOC  is  called  Cwerdoo  [kwur'-duk],  Church  Stbetton.  See 
W  (4)  in  Orammar  Outlines  {conmmanU,  Ac). 

CABDIBTOH  is  called  Canon  [kaaVsn],  a  parish  6  miles  W. 
Shbewsbubt. 

CLAVEBLBT  is  called  Clarley  [klaa-r'li'],  a  parish  4|  miles  £. 
Bbidonobth. 

CLTnrOinrFOBD  is  called  dungimnas,  a  parish  7  miles  £.  Clun. 

'  Axes  and  Brummocks 
Say  the  bells  of  Clungunntu.* 

Speed  gives  the  spelling  *  Clongoncu  *  on  his  map  of  *  Shropshjre,' 
dated  A.D.  1610. 

COLBIDSBE  is  called  Coomer,  a  mere  rather  more  than  2  miles  S.R 
Ellesmere.  See  L  (4)  in  Orammar  Outlines  {consonants,  &c.).  See 
sub  voce  Moss-balls,  p.  289. 

COBDOYEB  is  called  Condor  [kundur'],  a  parish  4  miles  S.  Shrews- 
bubt.     See  suh  voce  Hathom,  p.  198 ;  and  Bope  (1),  p.  355. 

*  1590.  Sepbr.  1.  Three  quaxi»  of  whit,  one  ^ttel  of  sak,  5  quarts, 
1  pint  of  Claret  to  present  sargen  Owen  at  his  sons  at  Condor  yij' 
Ti^*,*— Borough  Accounts,  cited  in  OWEN  and  Blaexway's  History 
of  Shrewsbury,  vol.  i,  p.  394. 

Speed  gives  the  spelling  Condor  for  the  Village,  and  Condover  for 
the  Him<&ed,  in  his  map  of '  Shroi>8hyre,'  a.d.  1610. 


DTJDDLEWICK  is  called  Bidlick;  a  township,  one  mile  N.W. 
W.  Stottesden.  See  sub  voce  Beddins,  p.  348.  See  XJ  (13)  in 
Orammar  Outlines  {vowels,  &c.).    Cf.  W  (1),  ibid  {consonants,  &c}. 

DXTDLESTOB  HEATH  is  called  Dilluflozi  Teth;  it  lies  N.W. 
Ellesmebe. 

•  Daiuson  Tethy 
Weer  the  divil  wuz  starved  to  djeth,* 

is  a  saying  current  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Dudleeton,  varied  some- 
times by  *  ketcht  'is  cyeth.'  See  Yeth,  p.  494.  See  sJbo  Starve  ssb 
voce  Clem,  p.  83. 


A  SHORT  LIST  OP  PLACE-NAMES.  517 

EABDnrOTOH  is  called  Terton  [701^*111] ;  a  village  S.  Bridgnorth. 
See  citation  auh  voce  Sdward,  p.  131,  from  Freeman's  Old  English 
History.  See  also  Y  (2)  in  Grammar  OutUxieB  {consonants,  &c.),  and 
ng  (6),  under  G. — Ibid. 

EKCALL  is  caUed  ArcaU  [aaVkul],  (1)  a  parish— High  Ercall— 
bl  miles  N.W.  Wellington.  (2)  A  parish  6J  miles  N.W.  New- 
port— QhJldiB- Ercall.  (3)  A  wooded  hul,  a  spur  of  the  Wrekin  on 
the  Wellington  side,  is  known  as  the  Ercall  or  ArccUl.  See  sub  voce 
Hay,  p.  199. 

*  High  ArcaU,^  and  *  Childes  Arcoll,*  are  given  on  Speed's  map  of 
•  Shropshyre,'  a,d.  1610. 


HAUGHMOHD  is  called  Haymond  [ai-mon] — Haughinond  Hill, 
Haughmond  Ahhev — 4  miles  N.E.  Shrewsbubt.  '  I'm  gooin'  fur  a 
walk  as  ficure  as  Aymon*  V^^^^n'ee  come  alung?'  See  Bk.  II., 
Folklore,  &c,  'Legends/ 

HEATH  HUL  is  called  Tethill ;  it  is  8.  Newport,  near  Woodcote. 
A  favourite  place  for  *  people's  sports '  and  picnios.    See  Yeth,  p.  494. 


LILLESHALL  is  caUed  LinBel  Tlin-si'l],  a  parish  3  miles  S.S.W. 
Newport.  Linsel — ^itself  an  old  contraction  of  the  ancient  form 
Linleshelle — still  [1872]  lingers  amongst  the  aged  people. 

LTHEAL  is  called  Lyn'^a  [lin'i'u'] ;  it  lies  S.E.  Ellbsmbrb,  Flint- 
shire Border.  Lineal  is  thought  to  be  a  Border  corruption  of  Llyn- 
hir ;  granted  this,  the  popular  form  Lynea  would  be  the  less  *  cor- 
rupted '  of  the  two  in  regard  of  sound. 

opeed  has  *  LenyaU^  on  his  map  of  *  Shropshyre,'  A.D.  1610. 


MOVTFOED  is  called  Monvert  and  Mninfort  [mon-vur't,  mum*fur't], 
a  parish  5  miles  W.N.W.  Shrewsbury.  See  Bk.  11.,  FoUdore,  &c., 
*  Ghosts.' 


OAKEN-GATES  is  called  Wnken-yets,  or  yeftts  [wuk*n  yaet-s  or 
yi'-u'ts] ;  a  village  S.E.  Wellington.  *  Allen  o*  Steppiton  'ad  a  'orse 
stole  las'  night,  an'  they  bin  after  it  'orse  an'  fut,  but  if  s  at  WvJcen^ 
yets,  or  Ketley  by  this,  an'  underground '  [down  the  pits]. 

Speed,  in  his  *  Shropshyre  Described,'  speaks  of  *  Usiconia  now  Oken- 
ycUe  neer  unto  the  Wrekin^*  and  he  marks  the  place  as  Okenyate  in  his 
map  of  *  Shropshyre,'  A.D.  1610. 

See  Yate  in  Supplement.  See  also  W  (3)  in  Grammar  Outlines 
{consonants,  &c.). 

OFFOZET  is  called  Tliiket ;  it  is  £.  Shiffnal,  Staffordshire  Border. 
See  Unket  (1),  p.  460. 

08BAST0H  is  called  Trosbnn  and  Trospnn  [tr'os'bun,  tr^os'pun],  a 
township  6  miles  S.  Oswestry. 


518  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

0SWE8TET  is  called  Oiestry  and  Odgertry,  a  town  20  miles  N.W. 
Shrewsbuby.  Osufesiry  runs  through  a  whole  gamut  of  pronunci- 
ations; the  two  populfu"  forms  here  given  are,  perhaps,  the  more 
familiar  ones,  and  may  be  taken  respectively  as  ^pical  of  gnde- 
speech.  Ozestry  is  a  tolerably  old  form,  since  Chunmyard  uses  it:— 
'  As  Ozestry^  a  pretie  towne  full  fine. 
Which  may  bo  loy'd,  be  likte  and  praysed  both/ 

The  WaHhinea  of  Wales,  p.  97,  L  24. 

See  Bye-gones  for  various  spellings  of  OBUfestry,  1880,  p.  71. 


POHTESFOED  is  called  Ponsert ;  it  is  about  7  miles  S.  W.  Shbews- 
BUBT.  Panaert  Hill  has  a  curious  Legend  attached  to  it.  See  BL 
n.,  FoUdoTt,  &c,  'Legends.* 

PULVEBBATCH  is  called  Powderbatch  and  Powtherbateh,  or 
Powtherbitch  [pou'dur'bach,  pou-dhur^bach,  x>ou*dhur'bi'ch],  a 
parish  7J  miles  S.S.W.  Shkbwsbuby.  The  village.  Church  Puiver- 
hatch,  is  usually  spoken  of  as  Churton,  Castle  FtUverbatchy  an  adjacent 
hamlet)  is  distinctively  caUed  Powderbatchy  Potvtherbatch,  or  Pawther' 
bitch  by  the  peasant-folk  thereabouts.  The  following  lines  exem- 
plify this, — they  are  from  the  pen  of  a  local  verse-maker  who  flouiished 
about  the  year  1770,  and  celeorated  the  neighbourhood  in  song— 

*  Oothercot  up  o'  the  'ill, 
Wilderley  down  i'  the  dale ; 
ChurUm  for  pretty  girls, 
An'  Powtheroiich  for  good  ale.' 

Speed,  in  his  '  Shropshyre  Described,*  mentions,  under  the  Hundreds 
of  Shropshire,  * Pouderbach- Church*  and  * Pouderbach-Caetle ; '  these 

filacGS  appear  respectively  as  *  Church  Pdderba^ch*  and  *  Ponderhach* 
sic]  on  his  Map  of  *  Shropshyre,'  a.d.  1610. 
The  Domesday  spelling  of  Pulverbatch  is  '  Polrehec. '    See  sub  voct 

(1). 


QTTESDOC.    See  Caradoo. 

RATLIHOHOPE  is  called  Batchope  [r'achup],  a  parish  7  miles 
N.N.B.  Bishop's  Castle. 

*  1582-3.  This  yeare  and  the  17  of  Marche  one  John  Bawlyns  of 
Roily  choppe  in  the  countie  of  Salop  beinge  a  begger  hangid  hjm 
seUfEe  in  an  old  coate  or  cowe  house  w^  a  lease  cast  ov*  a  beame  in 
the  same  cote  and  there  was  founde  in  hys  house  bills  of  debt  owynse 
hym  for  the  soom  of  50Z»  or  ther  abouts  a  just  reward  by  the  dynll 
uppon  sutche  dyssymbli'g  beggers.'— jffaWy  Chronicle  of  Shrew^ury 
(Taylor  MS.),  in  Transactions  of  the  Shropshire  Archixological  and 
Natural  History  Society. 

SHBAWARDIHE  is  called  Shraden  [shr'ai-dn],  a  parish  6  miles 
W.N.W.  Shrewsbuey. 


A   SHORT  LIST  OF   PLACE-NAMES.  i519 

SHBEWSBTTBY  is  caUed  (1)  Shrowsbnry  [shr'oa-zbr'i']  ;  this  is  the 
classical  and  educated  pronunciation. 

'  And  also  the  seyd  Fastolf  hath  borne  grete  charge  and  cost  of 
alone  made  for  the  spede  and  helpe  of  the  voyage  whiche  the  Erie  of 
Shrotvyabury  now  last  made  into  the  Kynges  duchie  of  Guyenne.' — 
Paston  LetterSf  A.D.  1455,  yol.  i.  p.  366. 

(2)  Srowsbury  [sr'oa'zbr'i'],  the  semi-refined  pronunciation.  See 
8h  in  Oramxnar  Outlinea  {consonants,  &c. ). 

(3)  Sosebury  [soa'zbr*!'],  the  pronunciation  of  the  country-folk, 
commonly.  *  I'll  sen*  yo'  to  Soseb  ry '  implies,  or  did  imply — the  say- 
ing may  be  obsolete  now — a  threat  of  legal  proceedings,  or  the  County 
Gkkol,  appealing  to  the  imagination  as  something  a  little  less  awful 
than,  *I11  sen*  yo*  to  Bottomley  Bay*  [Botany  Bay]. 

See  Ew  (11)  in  Oramxnar  Outlines  {vawelst  &c),  with  reference  to 
the  three  forms  above. 

(4)  Soosebury  [soo'zbr^iH  may  be  considered  a  vulgarism  founded 
upon  Shrewsbury  =  Shroozbury.  See  Ew  (6)  in  Grammar  Outlines 
{vowels,  &c.);  also  R  (4). — (bid,;  {consonants,  &c.)  for  the  last  two 
forms. 

STOTTESDEir  is  called  StoUierton  [stodh-ur'tn],  a  parit^h  1 1  miles 
E.N.E.  LiTDLOw.  Stotherton  is  the  word  of  the  peasantry.  Stottesden 
is  variously  spelt, — Stottesdon,  Stoddesden,  and  Stoddesdon, — without 
arbitrary  rule,  apparently. 

W00L8TAST0H  is  called  dosasson  [Sos-u'sn],  a  parish  9|  miles 
S.S.W.  Shbewsbury.  See  W  (2),  also  L  (4),  in  Grammar  Outlines 
{consonants,  &o.). 

WOBPIEU)  is  called  Wnrvil  [wur-vil],  a  parish  3^  miles  N.E. 
Bridgnorth. 


TEO  EDChE  is  called  View  Edge  [vyoo*],  the  ridge  of  an  eminence 

S.W.  Stokbsay. 

Mr.  Thomas  Wright  notices  this.  He  says, — '  The  hills  on  the  other 
side  of  the  vidley  terminate  in  a  point,  on  which  there  are  also  traces 
of  ancient  works,  and  which  is  called  the  Yeo,  or  (as  it  is  pronounced) 
View,  Edge.* — A  Pic-Nic  on  the  Longmynd,  in  Once  a  Week,  30  June, 
1866. 

TOCKLETON  is  called  Tooketon  [yoki'tn] ;  a  village  6  miles  W. 
Shrewsbury. 

•  14  Edward  iv.  Sir  John  Lyngien  Knt.,  William  Newport,  John 
Leehton,  Thomas  Mytton,  Esq",  and  others  released  and  confirmed 
to  Johanna  relict  of  Sir  John  Burgh,  the  manor  of  Watlesburgh, 
Heye,  Loughton,  Cardeston,  Yoketton,  Stretton,  and  two  acres  of 
pasture  in  Brodeshull  for  term  of  her  life.*— Phillips's  History  of 
Shrewsbury,  p.  235. 


5*20 


THE  BREAKING  OP  THE  MERES. 

Ths  following  '  Note  *  by  the  well-known  Author  of  the  ^rop- 
shire  Flora,  Lichen  Flora^  &c.  will  be  a  valuable  addendum  to  the 
Shropshire  Word-Book,  as  affording  a  tmstworthj,  scientific  explana- 
tion of  the  phenomenon  referred  to  under  Break,  p.  48. 

<  As  the  Party  proceeded  along  the  margins  of  Ellesmere  Mere,  Ber. 
W.  A  Leighton  directed  attention  to  a  singular  phenomenon  which 
occurs  in  this  lake  in  the  month  of  August,  and  which  in  &ct  was  then 
actually  taking  place.    It  is  locally  termed  the  "  breaking-up  of  the 
water,"  and  makes  the  Mere  resemble  the  turbid  state  of  boiling  woit, 
when  the  process  called  ''  breaking  "  sets  in.    The  water  appears  tarhid, 
and  filled  with  innumerable  minute  bodies  in  a  certain  state  of  motion, 
like  boiling.    These  bodies  when  viewed  under  a  microscope  are  aeen 
to  be  minute  globules,  and  each  composed  of  a  central  agglomeration  of 
spherical  cellules,  from  each  of  which  cylindrical  filaments  radiate  in 
every  direction.    These  filaments  are  broader  near  the  central  glohnle, 
and  are  attenuated  gradually  towards  their  apices,  and  are  divided  into 
short  uniform  cells,  separated  by  distinct  septa  or  joints,  the  ceUs  being 
filled  with  chlorophyll  of  a  glaucous  or  verdigris-green  colour.    The 
mode  in  which  this  minute  plant  reproduces  itself  has  not  been  obserred, 
but  it  is  not  improbable  that  some  sort  of  conjugation  takes  place  as  in 
the  conjugate  confervie,  when  the  chlorophyll  of  two  adjacent  ceUs  ia 
united  into  a  third  or  new  cell,  which  forms  the  sporangium  or  winter- 
spore.    These  winter-spores  are  doubtless  th^  central  spherical  oellB 
above  mentioned,  which  sink  to  the  bottom  of  the  lake  and  remain  there 
dormant  until  August,  when  they  rise  to  the  surface,  and  germination 
takes  place  by  throwing  out  the  radiating  filaments,  which  eventually 
again  produce  -the  sporangia,  which  sink  as  before  mentioned.    This 
little  Alga  is  well  figured  in  English  Botany,  tab.  1378,  under  the  name 
of  Conferva  echinulatay  from  specimens  sent  in  1804  from  a  lake  in 
Anglesea.    Its  proper  systematic  place  is  in  Both's  genus  Rivularia!— 
Report  of  the  Severn  Valley  Naturalists  Field  Club,  August  6th,  1878. 

There  are  other  Meres  and  Pools  in  Salop,  besides  EUesmeie 
Mere,  that  are  known  to  ' break*  White  Mere,  Crosemere,  Hawk- 
stone  Mere,  Marton  Pool  (near  Cherhary),  Berrington  Pool,  for 
instance,  are  subject  to  the  marvellous  troubling  of  their  waters  by 
some  of  the  microscopic  alg(B  during  the  month  of  August.  See 
Salopian  Shreds  and  PatcJieSy  vol.  iv.  p.  149.  See  Cruddling  iu 
Supplement, 


521 


LAST  WORDS. 


The  Shropshire  Word-Book  is  at  length  finished,  and  yery  thankful 
I  am  that  I  have  been  spared  to  complete  it  with  my  own  hand.  No 
one  can  be  more  alive  to  the  fact,  than  I  myself,  that  it  lies  in  the  very 
nature  of  such  a  work  to  be  found  wanting ;  but  I  have  done  my  best, 
at  any  rate,  to  keep  errors  out  of  it.  The  publication  of  the  Word- 
Book  in  successive  parts,  of  course  led  to  the  friendly  light  of  criticism 
being  shed  upon  its  pages,  while  yet  much  remained  to  be  done  before 
the  work  appeared  as  a  whole.  I  have  endeavoured  to  turn  this  circum- 
stance to  good  account  in  various  ways,  in  the  hope  of  making  the  latter 
portion  of  the  work  better  than  the  former. 

Through  censorship  it  has  been  brought  to  my  knowledge  that  mis- 
apprehensions exist  in  the  minds  of  some,  touching  an  important  part 
of  the  scheme  of  my  work,  and  I  am  anxious  to  do  away  with  this,  if  I 
can.  An  objection  is  raised  that,  by  assigning  words  to  certain  '  Dis- 
tricts,' it  gives  occasion  for  an  assumption  that  they  are  not  used  in 
other  parts  of  the  County.  Now  I  really  thought  I  had  made  all  safe 
against  such  a  false  conclusion,  in  the  opening  paragraphs  of  the 
Jnirodudion,  p.  xv ;  but  as  I  am  told  that  I  have  failed  to  do  so,  I  am 
glad  to  have  this  opportimity  of  asking  my  readers  to  bear  in  mind 
that,  the  names  of  the  '  Districts '  appended  to  any  word  must  not  be 
taken  in  a  restrictive  sense,  as  if  the  word  did  not  extend  beyond  their 
limits,  but  rather  be  accepted — to  use  the  words  of  Mr.  Alex.  J.  Ellis — 
as  *a  most  importan^t  authentication.'  I  have  placed  on  record  as  a 
simple  fact  that,  in  such  and  such  *  Districts,'  I  have  ascertained  beyond 
all  doubt  that  the  words  assigned  to  them  are  used,  or,  if  obsolete,  were 
used ;  that  is  all. 

It  by  no  means  follows  that  a  word  heard  in  a  certain  locality  is 

therefore  confined  to  it     Sometimes  the  same  word  is  found  in  localities 

widely  apart,  and  not  in  the  intervening  country ;  sometimes  the  word 

is  understood  in  one  sense  in  a  given  locality,  and  in  a  diverse  sense 

in  another. 

M  M 


522  SHROPSHIRE  WORD-BOOK. 

But  all  this  notwithstanding,  I  have  labelled  with  *  where  found' 
upwards  of  eleven  thousand  words,  t.  e.  Primary  words  and  their 
sub-meanings,  the  latter  being  in  all  respects  treated  as  distinct 
words.  Haying  done  so  much,  I  hope  to  be  forgiven  my  sins  of 
'omission' — which  were  indeed  rather  sins  of  ignorance — in  cases 
where  a  word  is  assigned  to  only  some  of  the  *  Districts  *  to  whidi  it 
may  happen  to  be  '  Common.' 

There  are  those  who  say,  '  Many  of  the  so-called  Shropahin  Wards 
are  not  peculiar  to  Shropshire.'  I  can  but  reply  to  this,  it  would  he  a 
marvel  if  they  were, — I  think  there  are  very  few  words  indeed  'peculiar ' 
to  any  one  County, — ^and  moreover  the  object  of  my  work  was,  as  the 
Title-Page  sets  forth,  to  make  '  A  Glossary  of  the  Archaic  and  Provincial 
Words,  &c.  used  in  Shropshire ; ' — this  I  have  done,  and  no  more  to  my 
own  entire  satisfaction,  than  to  that  of  some,  who,  on  the  one  side,  say 
'the  Shropshire  Word- Book  is  too  full,'  and  on  the  other,  *  there  are  a 
good  many  omissions ! '  Well,  I  hope  we  shall — mal-contents  and  dis- 
contents— find  a  source  of  satisfaction  common  to  us  all,  in  the  reflec- 
tion that,  but  for  some  such  labours  as  these  of  mine,  begun  not  a 
moment  too  soon — albeit  more  than  eleven  years  ago — ^much  that  is 
now  on  record  would  have  been  past  recovery,  and  that  the  best  of  the 
old-time  folk-speech. 

Truly  the  perils  of  Word-collectors  are  great,  and  sometimes  the 
conclusions  of  Word-readers  are  rash.  *  I  wyl ' — as  Bp.  Latimer  once 
said  in  a  Sermon — *  fumy  she  a  story '  to  illustrate  my  point ;  it  is  taken 
from  a  Mend's  letter  to  me : — '  You  may  remember  that  in  connection 
with  the  word  **  Clout  ^*  you  mention  Bradley,  the  shoemaker's  name. 
Bichard  Bradley,  old  John  Bradley's  son,  tells  me  that  some  one  drew 
his  attention  to  the  word  and  his  name  with  it  in  your  book ;  he  said  at 
once,  "Miss  Jackson  must  be  wrong,  I  never  heard  a  patch  called  a 
dout  in  my  life."  But  strangely  enough  a  day  or  two  (not  more)  after 
this,  a  boy  called  at  Bradley's  shop  with  a  pair  of  boots  to  be  mended, 
and  said,  **  To'  mun  piit  a  bit  of  a  dout  'ere,  an'  another  theer,"  pointing 
to  the  upper  leather  of  the  boot.' 

The  incident  was  altogether  a  singular  one.  Not  only  did  the  word 
dout  bear  the  onus  probandi,  as  recorded  by  me,  but  Bichard  Bradley, 
of  whose  existence  I  was  wholly  unaware,  turned  out  to  be  a  son 
of  the  very  Bradley  whom  I  had  mentioned,  and  who  did  put  douis 
on  boots  and  shoes— as  I  well  knew  —  long,  long  ago.  As  with 
'  Clout,^  so  with  other  words ;  they  may  be— often  are — ^repudiated  on  no 
better  groxmd  than  that  he  who  denies  their  existence,  or  their  flpedal 
usage,  has  either  not  heard  them,  or  not  heard  them  so  applied.  I 
myself  have  often,  in  the  course  of  my  work,  had  doubts  as  to  the 
authenticity  of  a  word  which  I  had  not  actually  heard,  but  I  have  never 
discarded  it  without  trying  to  find  out  whether  I  was  justified  in  doing 


LAST  WORDS.  523 

80.  In  some  cases  I  haye  waited  weeks  and  months,  nay  yearsy  for 
conclusive  evidence  before  deciding  whether  such  a  word  were  *  to  be, 
or  not  to  be,*  recorded  in  the  Shropshire  Word-Book. 

There  is  a  point  to  which  I  particularly  wish  to  call  attention,  lest 
hereafter  it  should  prove  a  veocata  qiuesiio.  Two  years  have  elapsed 
between  the  issue  of  the  first  Part  of  the  Word-Book  and  this  lasty  the 
work  of  compilation  going  on  meanwhile,  whence  has  arisen  the  seem- 
ing anomaly  that  cortun  dates  in  the  book  itself  are  subsequent  to  that 
of  1879,  which  appears  on  the  Title-Page  / 

Something  more  there  is  to  say,  which  must  be  said, — In  completing 
the  Shropshire  Word- Book  my  health  has  utterly  fiEuled,  and — ^my  work 
is  ended — I  can  do  no  more.  But  I  experience  this  solace:  Bk.  II., 
Folklore^  &c.,  so  often  referred  to  in  Bk.  I.  (the  Word-Book),  is  well 
provided  for ;  she  who  has  undertaken  to  edit  it,  Miss  Bume — some- 
time of  Edg^ond,  Salop — is  better  qualified  for  the  task  than  I ;  she 
has  a  fuller  knowledge  of  the  subject,  and  has,  besides,  a  greater  gift 
that  way.  Bk.  11.,  under  her  hands,  promises  to  be  a  charming  work ; 
it  is  well  advanced,  and  will  appear  in  due  season — ^facts  which  give  me 
much  contentment,  and  heal  the  smart  of  having  been  obliged  to 
relinquish  that  which  I  had  hoped  to  do  myself. 

I  am  very  grateful  to  all  those  who  have  so  generously  helped  me 
in  my  self-imposed  task.  It  has  been  an  established  joke  that  I  was 
'  always  coming  to  words  with  my  friends,'  but  I  shall  do  so  no  more. 
That  too  is  ended. 

For  myself,  I  have  been  ill  so  long  now  that,  as  I  lay  down  this 
work  of  mine,  finished^  no  more  fitting  words  occur  to  me,  with  which 
to  close  it,  than — Laiis  Deo. 


Geoboina  F.  Jackson. 


fVhite  Friart,  Chester, 
June,  1881. 


524 


Page 

xiv, 

line 

>t 

TTT11I, 

fi 

»» 

zxxvi. 

» 

>» 

Izzyiii, 

»i 

i> 

10, 

it 

i» 

27, 

ft 

>> 

81, 

M 

>> 

52, 

tt 

>> 

57. 

tt 

>t 

68, 

tt 

it 

69, 

tt 

»» 

121. 

ft 

>» 

184, 

It 

»• 

207, 

ft 

»» 

256, 

tt 

>> 

265, 

tt 

ft 

807, 

tt 

»♦ 

888, 

ft 

>t 

846, 

tt 

»f 

855, 

ft 

ft 

442, 

ft 

tt 

479, 

tt 

CORRECTIONS. 


4,  for  at  read  in 

2  /ram  fool,    ddt  • 
21,  /or  th  (5)  rtad  th  (8) 

Uui^  for  Iziii  read  Ixri 

Ituij  for  bayye  rmuf  ba^ 

8,  for  ^Tun  frtui  gwvn 

14  from  foot,    for  wnn  rwwi  woi 
14,  for  Poiubry  read  Ponabry 

10,  for   [biu'  or  bnnd]    read    [bvon*  (»r 

bnond] 
19  from  foot,  for  Cast  (1)  ^^w"'  Cait  (3) 

11,  for  leaping-pole  read  laaping-bar 

3,  for  creeping  Pliim»-tliiatle  read  Pield 

Xadder 

12,  for  dnna  read  dnnna 

26,  for    Warmjrnehamea    read   Warmyn- 

cbam'e 
17  &  19  from  foot,   for  -bowt  read  -bont 

11>    »      »      /or  Maeitur  rAu2  Xaaiter 

6,  „      „      for  glntinoiiui  read  glntin6ia 

24,  for  PolyporoQe  fquamoeu  read  Poly- 

ponu,  &c. 
26,  for  yawl  read  yanl 

10  from  foot,    for  wawt  read  want 
1,  /or  -bowt  read  -bont 

7,  /or  matinalie  read  matronalif 


'?  • 


BVNOAY  :  CLAY  AND  TAYLOK,  THE  CHAUCSR  PRESS. 


( 


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